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Yang M, Zhang J, Yan H, Pan Y, Zhou J, Zhong H, Wang J, Cai H, Feng F, Zhao M. A comprehensive review of medium chain monoglycerides on metabolic pathways, nutritional and functional properties, nanotechnology formulations and applications in food system. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38779723 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2353403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A large and growing body of literature has investigated the broad antibacterial spectrum and strong synergistic antimicrobial activity of medium chain monoglycerides (MCMs) have been widely investigated. Recently, more and more researches have focused on the regulation of MCMs on metabolic health and gut microbiota both in vivo and in vitro. The current review summarizes the digestion, absorption and metabolism of MCMs. Subsequently, it focuses on the functional and nutritional properties of MCMs, including the antibacterial and antiviral characteristics, the modulation of metabolic balance, the regulation of gut microbiota, and the improvement in intestinal health. Additionally, we discuss the most recent developments and application of MCMs using nanotechnologies in food industry, poultry and pharmaceutical industry. Additionally, we analyze recent application examples of MCMs and their nanotechnology formation used in food. The development of nanotechnology platforms facilitating molecular encapsulation and functional presentation contribute to the application of hydrophobic fatty acids and monoglycerides in food preservation and their antibacterial effectiveness. This study emphasizes the metabolic mechanisms and biological activity of MCMs by summarizing the prevailing state of knowledge on this topic, as well as providing insights into prospective techniques for developing the beneficial applications of MCMs to realize the industrialized production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Yan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya Pan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Guangdong Qingyunshan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shaoguan, China
| | - Haiying Cai
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Key Lab for Chem & Bio Processing Technology of Farm Product, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengqin Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjie Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Pérez-Caselles C, Burgos L, Sánchez-Balibrea I, Egea JA, Faize L, Martín-Valmaseda M, Bogdanchikova N, Pestryakov A, Alburquerque N. The Effect of Silver Nanoparticle Addition on Micropropagation of Apricot Cultivars ( Prunus armeniaca L.) in Semisolid and Liquid Media. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1547. [PMID: 37050173 PMCID: PMC10097347 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are novel compounds used as antimicrobial and antiviral agents. In addition, AgNPs have been used to improve the growth of different plants, as well as the in vitro multiplication of plant material. In this work the effect of AgNPs on in vitro growth of 'Canino' and 'Mirlo Rojo' cultivars, as well as the leaf ion composition, are studied. Different concentrations of AgNPs (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg L-1) were added to two culture systems: semisolid medium with agar (SSM) in jars and liquid medium in temporary immersion system (TIS). Proliferation (number of shoots), shoot length, productivity (number of shoot × average length), leaf surface, fresh and dry weight were measured. Additionally, the silver and other ion accumulation in the leaves were evaluated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis. The productivity of 'Canino' and 'Mirlo Rojo' decreased when increasing the concentration of AgNPs in the semisolid medium. However, the use of AgNPs in the TIS improved the proliferation and productivity of 'Canino' and Mirlo Rojo', increasing biomass production, and the concentration of nutrients in the plants, although these effects are genotype-dependent. TISs are the best system for introducing silver into shoots, the optimum concentration being 50 mg L-1 for 'Canino' and 75 mg L-1 for 'Mirlo Rojo'. Principal component analysis, considering all the analyzed ions along the treatments, separates samples in two clear groups related to the culture system used. The use of bioreactors with a liquid medium has improved the productivity of 'Canino' and 'Mirlo Rojo' in the proliferation stage, avoiding hyperhydration and other disorders. The amount of metallic silver that penetrates apricot plant tissues depends on the culture system, cultivar and concentration of AgNPs added to the culture medium. Silver ion accumulation measured in the shoots grown in the TIS was higher than in shoots micropropagated in a semisolid medium, where it is barely detectable. Furthermore, AgNPs had a beneficial effect on plants grown in TIS. However, AgNPs had a detrimental effect when added to a semisolid medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Pérez-Caselles
- Fruit Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (L.B.); (I.S.-B.); (L.F.); (M.M.-V.)
| | - Lorenzo Burgos
- Fruit Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (L.B.); (I.S.-B.); (L.F.); (M.M.-V.)
| | - Inmaculada Sánchez-Balibrea
- Fruit Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (L.B.); (I.S.-B.); (L.F.); (M.M.-V.)
| | - Jose A. Egea
- Fruit Breeding Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Lydia Faize
- Fruit Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (L.B.); (I.S.-B.); (L.F.); (M.M.-V.)
| | - Marina Martín-Valmaseda
- Fruit Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (L.B.); (I.S.-B.); (L.F.); (M.M.-V.)
| | - Nina Bogdanchikova
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CNyN), Campus Ensenada, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Alexey Pestryakov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia;
| | - Nuria Alburquerque
- Fruit Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (L.B.); (I.S.-B.); (L.F.); (M.M.-V.)
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Faustino-Rocha AI, Oliveira PA. Editorial: Special Issue "Addressing New Therapeutic Strategies Using Models". Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10030230. [PMID: 36977269 PMCID: PMC10052784 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10030230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A disease model displays pathological processes observed in human or animal diseases [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Faustino-Rocha
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Zootechnics, School of Sciences and Technology, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Baiges-Gaya G, Iftimie S, Castañé H, Rodríguez-Tomàs E, Jiménez-Franco A, López-Azcona AF, Castro A, Camps J, Joven J. Combining Semi-Targeted Metabolomics and Machine Learning to Identify Metabolic Alterations in the Serum and Urine of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010163. [PMID: 36671548 PMCID: PMC9856035 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections cause metabolic dysregulation in the infected organism. The present study used metabolomics techniques and machine learning algorithms to retrospectively analyze the alterations of a broad panel of metabolites in the serum and urine of a cohort of 126 patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Results were compared with those of 50 healthy subjects and 45 COVID-19-negative patients but with bacterial infectious diseases. Metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The main metabolites altered in the sera of COVID-19 patients were those of pentose glucuronate interconversion, ascorbate and fructose metabolism, nucleotide sugars, and nucleotide and amino acid metabolism. Alterations in serum maltose, mannonic acid, xylitol, or glyceric acid metabolites segregated positive patients from the control group with high diagnostic accuracy, while succinic acid segregated positive patients from those with other disparate infectious diseases. Increased lauric acid concentrations were associated with the severity of infection and death. Urine analyses could not discriminate between groups. Targeted metabolomics and machine learning algorithms facilitated the exploration of the metabolic alterations underlying COVID-19 infection, and to identify the potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Baiges-Gaya
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Simona Iftimie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (J.C.); Tel.: +34-977-310-300 (J.C.)
| | - Helena Castañé
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Elisabet Rodríguez-Tomàs
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Andrea Jiménez-Franco
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Ana F. López-Azcona
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Antoni Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (J.C.); Tel.: +34-977-310-300 (J.C.)
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
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Jackman JA, Lavergne TA, Elrod CC. Antimicrobial monoglycerides for swine and poultry applications. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.1019320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of natural, broadly acting antimicrobial solutions to combat viral and bacterial pathogens is a high priority for the livestock industry. Herein, we cover the latest progress in utilizing lipid-based monoglycerides as feed additives to address some of the biggest challenges in animal agriculture. The current industry needs for effective antimicrobial strategies are introduced before discussing why medium-chain monoglycerides are a promising solution due to attractive molecular features and biological functions. We then critically analyze recent application examples in which case monoglycerides demonstrated superior activity to prevent feed transmission of viruses in swine and to mitigate bacterial infections in poultry along with gut microbiome modulation capabilities. Future innovation strategies are also suggested to expand the range of application possibilities and to enable new monoglyceride delivery options.
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Gastelum-Leyva F, Pena-Jasso A, Alvarado-Vera M, Plascencia-López I, Patrón-Romero L, Loera-Castañeda V, Gándara-Mireles JA, Lares-Asseff I, Leal-Ávila MÁ, Alvelais-Palacios JA, Almeida-Pérez J, Bogdanchikova N, Pestryakov A, Almanza-Reyes H. Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Silver Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Non-Neurological and Neurological Distemper in Dogs: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Viruses 2022; 14:2329. [PMID: 36366427 PMCID: PMC9694365 DOI: 10.3390/v14112329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper is caused by canine distemper virus (CDV), a multisystemic infectious disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate in dogs. Nanotechnology represents a development opportunity for new molecules with antiviral effects that may become effective treatments in veterinary medicine. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in 207 CDV, naturally infected, mixed-breed dogs exhibiting clinical signs of the non-neurological and neurological phases of the disease. Group 1a included 52 dogs (experimental group) diagnosed with non-neurologic distemper treated with 3% oral and nasal AgNPs in addition to supportive therapy. Group 1b included 46 dogs (control group) diagnosed with non-neurological distemper treated with supportive therapy only. Group 2a included 58 dogs with clinical signs of neurological distemper treated with 3% oral and nasal AgNPs in addition to supportive therapy. Group 2b included 51 dogs (control group) diagnosed with clinical signs of neurological distemper treated with supportive therapy only. Efficacy was measured by the difference in survival rates: in Group 1a, the survival rate was 44/52 (84.6%), versus 7/46 in Group 1b (15.2%), while both showed clinical signs of non-neurological distemper. The survival rate of dogs with clinical signs of neurological distemper in Group 2a (38/58; 65.6%) was significantly higher than those in Control Group 2b (0/51; 0%). No adverse reactions were detected in experimental groups treated with AgNPs. AgNPs significantly improved survival in dogs with clinical signs of neurological and non-neurological distemper. The use of AgNPs in the treatment of neurological distemper led to a drastic increase in the proportion of dogs recovered without sequels compared to dogs treated without AgNPs. The evidence demonstrates that AgNP therapy can be considered as a targeted treatment in dogs severely affected by canine distemper virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ismael Plascencia-López
- Faculty of Accounting and Administration, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
| | - Leslie Patrón-Romero
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - María Ángeles Leal-Ávila
- School of Heath Sciences, Valle de Las Palmas, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22260, Mexico
| | - J. A. Alvelais-Palacios
- School of Heath Sciences, Valle de Las Palmas, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22260, Mexico
| | | | - Nina Bogdanchikova
- Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, UNAM (CNyN-UNAM), Ensenada 22860, Mexico
| | - Alexey Pestryakov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Horacio Almanza-Reyes
- Cluster de Bioeconomía de Baja California, A.C., Tijuana 22040, Mexico
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
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Evaluation of UVC Excimer Lamp (222 nm) Efficacy for Coronavirus Inactivation in an Animal Model. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092038. [PMID: 36146846 PMCID: PMC9503014 DOI: 10.3390/v14092038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has encouraged the evaluation of novel instruments for disinfection and lowering infectious pressure. Ultraviolet subtype C (UVC) excimer lamps with 222 nm wavelength have been tested on airborne pathogens on surfaces and the exposure to this wavelength has been considered safer than conventional UVC. To test the efficacy of UVC excimer lamps on coronaviruses, an animal model mimicking the infection dynamics was implemented. An attenuated vaccine based on infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was nebulized and irradiated by 222 nm UVC rays before the exposure of a group of day-old chicks to evaluate the virus inactivation. A control group of chicks was exposed to the nebulized vaccine produced in the same conditions but not irradiated by the lamps. The animals of both groups were sampled daily and individually by choanal cleft swabs and tested usign a strain specific real time RT-PCR to evaluate the vaccine replication. Only the birds in the control group were positive, showing an active replication of the vaccine, revealing the efficacy of the lamps in inactivating the vaccine below the infectious dose in the other group.
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Abbas G, Yu J, Li G. Novel and Alternative Therapeutic Strategies for Controlling Avian Viral Infectious Diseases: Focus on Infectious Bronchitis and Avian Influenza. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:933274. [PMID: 35937298 PMCID: PMC9353128 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.933274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of poultry farming has enabled higher spread of infectious diseases and their pathogens among different kinds of birds, such as avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and avian influenza virus (AIV). IBV and AIV are a potential source of poultry mortality and economic losses. Furthermore, some pathogens have the ability to cause zoonotic diseases and impart human health problems. Antiviral treatments that are used often lead to virus resistance along with the problems of side effects, recurrence, and latency of viruses. Though target hosts are being vaccinated, the constant emergence and re-emergence of strains of these viruses cause disease outbreaks. The pharmaceutical industry is gradually focusing on plant extracts to develop novel herbal drugs to have proper antiviral capabilities. Natural therapeutic agents developed from herbs, essential oils (EO), and distillation processes deliver a rich source of amalgams to discover and produce new antiviral drugs. The mechanisms involved have elaborated how these natural therapeutics agents play a major role during virus entry and replication in the host and cause inhibition of viral pathogenesis. Nanotechnology is one of the advanced techniques that can be very useful in diagnosing and controlling infectious diseases in poultry. In general, this review covers the issue of the poultry industry situation, current infectious diseases, mainly IB and AI control measures and, in addition, the setup of novel therapeutics using plant extracts and the use of nanotechnology information that may help to control these diseases.
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Multicompartmental Mathematical Model of SARS-CoV-2 Distribution in Human Organs and Their Treatment. MATHEMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/math10111925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with COVID-19 can develop pneumonia, severe symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ failure. Nevertheless, the variety of forms of this disease requires further research on the pathogenesis of this disease. Based on the analysis of published data and original experiments on the concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 in biological fluids of the nasopharynx, lungs, and intestines and using a developed modular model of the virus distribution in human tissue and organs, an assessment of the SARS-CoV-2 reproduction in various compartments of the body is presented. Most of the viral particles can transport to the esophagus from the nasopharynx. The viral particles entering the gastrointestinal tract will obviously be accompanied by the infection of the intestinal epithelium and accumulation of the virus in the intestinal lumen in an amount proportional to their secretory and protein-synthetic activities. The relatively low concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in tissues implies an essential role of transport processes and redistribution of the virus from the nasopharynx and intestines to the lungs. The model simulations also suppose that sanitation of the nasopharynx mucosa at the initial stage of the infectious process has prospects for the use in medical practice.
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Rahmani R, Molan K, Brojan M, Prashanth KG, Stopar D. High virucidal potential of novel ceramic-metal composites fabricated via hybrid selective laser melting and spark plasma sintering routes. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2022; 120:975-988. [PMID: 35194290 PMCID: PMC8849825 DOI: 10.1007/s00170-022-08878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we combine selective laser melting (SLM) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) to fabricate new materials with high virucidal potential. Various bioactive disc-shaped ceramics, metal alloys, and composites were fabricated and tested against bacteriophage Phi6-a model system for RNA-enveloped viruses. We prepared silver-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2 + 2.5‒10% Ag), copper-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2 + 2.5‒10% Cu), Cu2NiSiCr, and Cu15Ni8Sn composite materials (metal lattices filled with ceramics). The virucidal tests of the ceramic and metal powders were performed in buffered suspensions, while the surfaces of the discs were tested by swabbing. The results show that the virus titer on the TiO2 + 10% Ag ceramic and CuNi2SiCr metal discs decreased by 4 logs after 15 min of exposure to the surfaces compared to the control ceramic and steel discs. We show that SLM 3D printed pre-alloyed CuNi2SiCr filled with bioactive TiO2 + 10% Ag nanopowders and sintered by the SPS process combines the simplicity of printing with the strength and virucidal properties of Ag and Cu materials. The proposed new virucidal materials were also used for the fabrication of prototype elevator buttons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Rahmani
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
- Laboratory for Nonlinear Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Molan
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Brojan
- Laboratory for Nonlinear Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Konda Gokuldoss Prashanth
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Science, Jahnstraße 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria
- CBCMT, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, 632014 Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - David Stopar
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Molan K, Rahmani R, Krklec D, Brojan M, Stopar D. Phi 6 Bacteriophage Inactivation by Metal Salts, Metal Powders, and Metal Surfaces. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020204. [PMID: 35215798 PMCID: PMC8877498 DOI: 10.3390/v14020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of phages with abiotic environmental surfaces is usually an understudied field of phage ecology. In this study, we investigated the virucidal potential of different metal salts, metal and ceramic powders doped with Ag and Cu ions, and newly fabricated ceramic and metal surfaces against Phi6 bacteriophage. The new materials were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and/or selective laser melting (SLM) techniques and had different surface free energies and infiltration features. We show that inactivation of Phi6 in solutions with Ag and Cu ions can be as effective as inactivation by pH, temperature, or UV. Adding powder to Ag and Cu ion solutions decreased their virucidal effect. The newly fabricated ceramic and metal surfaces showed very good virucidal activity. In particular, 45%TiO2 + 5%Ag + 45%ZrO2 + 5%Cu, in addition to virus adhesion, showed virucidal and infiltration properties. The results indicate that more than 99.99% of viruses deposited on the new ceramic surface were inactivated or irreversibly attached to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Molan
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Ramin Rahmani
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Daniel Krklec
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Miha Brojan
- Laboratory for Nonlinear Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - David Stopar
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.M.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence:
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