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Abi Hanna R, Borne KE, Andrès Y, Gerente C. Effect of floating treatment wetland coverage ratio and operating parameters on nitrogen removal: toward design optimization. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 89:1466-1481. [PMID: 38557712 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) have the potential to improve the quality of wastewater discharges, yet design basics are unavailable to size these systems. This study investigates the effect of FTWs' coverage ratio and hydraulic retention time on agri-food wastewater treatment. This was studied in a pilot-scale experiment comprising four lagoons (6.5 m3 each) fed with real effluent from an existing tertiary treatment lagoon. An evaluation of FTW of different sizes (L24, L48, and L72 representing 24, 48, and 72% of pilot lagoons surface areas) and a control, L0 (without FTW), was performed over 16 months. Overall, L72 and L48 moderately improved total nitrogen (TN) mass removal compared to L0 (p < 0.05), while L24 exhibited similar TN mass removal (p = 0.196). The highest improvement was observed for L72, exhibiting up to 55% (mean of 13%) greater N mass removal than the control. The net increase in TN removal by FTWs was mainly related to denitrification, promoted by decreasing dissolved oxygen for increasing FTW coverage ratio. Residence time, temperature, and dissolved oxygen were the main parameters driving TN removal by FTWs. Retrofitting existing lagoons with FTW can facilitate N retrieval through plant harvesting, thereby reducing N remobilization from sediment (common in conventional lagoons).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abi Hanna
- IMT Atlantique, GEPEA UMR CNRS 6144, F-44307 Nantes, France E-mail:
| | - K E Borne
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 99940, Viaduct Harbour, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Y Andrès
- IMT Atlantique, GEPEA UMR CNRS 6144, F-44307 Nantes, France
| | - C Gerente
- IMT Atlantique, GEPEA UMR CNRS 6144, F-44307 Nantes, France
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Vo TKQ, Vo TDH, Ntagia E, Amulya K, Nguyen NKQ, Tran PYN, Ninh NTT, Le SL, Le LT, Tran CS, Ha TL, Pham MDT, Bui XT, Lens PNL. Pilot and full scale applications of floating treatment wetlands for treating diffuse pollution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165595. [PMID: 37467995 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Floating treatment wetlands (FTW) are nature-based solutions for the purification of open water systems such as rivers, ponds, and lakes polluted by diffuse sources as untreated or partially treated domestic wastewater and agricultural run-off. Compared with other physicochemical and biological technologies, FTW is a technology with low-cost, simple configuration, easy to operate; has a relatively high efficiency, and is energy-saving, and aesthetic. Water remediation in FTWs is supported by plant uptake and the growth of a biofilm on the water plant roots, so the selection of the macrophyte species is critical, not only to pollutant removal but also to the local ecosystem integrity, especially for full-scale implementation. The key factors such as buoyant frame/raft, plant growth support media, water depth, seasonal variation, and temperature have a considerable role in the design, operation, maintenance, and pollutant treatment performance of FTW. Harvesting is a necessary process to maintain efficient operation by limiting the re-pollution of plants in the decay phase. Furthermore, the harvested plant biomass can serve as a green source for the recovery of energy and value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Kim-Quyen Vo
- Faculty of Biology and Environment, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry (HUFI), 140 Le Trong Tan street, Tay Thanh ward, Tan Phu district, Ho Chi Minh city 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi-Dieu-Hien Vo
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Eleftheria Ntagia
- National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Kotamraju Amulya
- National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Ngoc-Kim-Qui Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet street, district 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Pham-Yen-Nhi Tran
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet street, district 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen-Thanh-Tung Ninh
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet street, district 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Song-Lam Le
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet street, district 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Linh-Thy Le
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City (UMP), ward 11, district 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Cong-Sac Tran
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet street, district 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - The-Luong Ha
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet street, district 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Mai-Duy-Thong Pham
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet street, district 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet street, district 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Piet N L Lens
- National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland.
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Arslan M, Wilkinson S, Naeth MA, Gamal El-Din M, Khokhar Z, Walker C, Lucke T. Performance of constructed floating wetlands in a cold climate waste stabilization pond. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163115. [PMID: 37011671 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Effectiveness of constructed floating wetlands (CFWs) is largely unknown for wastewater treatment in cold climates. An operational-scale CFW system was retrofitted into a municipal waste stabilization pond in Alberta, Canada. During the first year (Study I), insignificant performance was recorded for water quality parameters, although phyto-uptake of elements was evident. In Study II, doubling of the CFW area and addition of underneath aeration promoted plant uptake of elements, including nutrients and metals, following significant pollutant reduction in the water; 83 % of chemical oxygen demand, 80 % of carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, 67 % of total suspended solids, and 48 % of total Kjeldhal nitrogen. A mesocosm study, conducted in parallel to the pilot scale field study, confirmed the impact of both vegetation and aeration on water quality improvement. The phytoremediation potential was linked to accumulation within plant shoot and root biomass and was confirmed by mass balance. Bacterial community analyses reflected that heterotrophic nitrification, aerobic denitrification, complete denitrification, organic matter decomposition, and methylotrophy were dominant mechanisms in the CFW, likely resulting in successful transformation of organics and nutrients. CFWs appear to be a viable ecotechnology to treat municipal wastewater in Alberta; however, larger and aerated CFW systems are recommended to achieve maximum remediation. The study aligns with the United Nations Environment Program to scale up restoration of degraded ecosystems, and to improve conditions for water supply and biodiversity following recognition of 2021-2030 as the Decade on Ecosystem Restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arslan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Sarah Wilkinson
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - M Anne Naeth
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | | | - Christopher Walker
- Covey Associates Pty Ltd, Maroochydore, Qld 4560, Australia; University of South Australia, Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), Scarce Resources and the Circular Economy (ScaRCE), Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Terry Lucke
- School of Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Australia; Covey Associates Pty Ltd, Maroochydore, Qld 4560, Australia
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Rome M, Happel A, Dahlenburg C, Nicodemus P, Schott E, Mueller S, Lovell K, Beighley RE. Application of floating wetlands for the improvement of degraded urban waters: Findings from three multi-year pilot-scale installations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162669. [PMID: 36907411 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs) are an emerging ecological engineering technology being applied the restoration of eutrophic urban water bodies. Documented water-quality benefits of FTW include nutrient removal, transformation of pollutants, and reduction in bacterial contamination. However, translating findings from short-duration lab and mesocosm scale experiments, into sizing criteria that might be applied to field installations is not straightforward. This study presents the results of three well established (>3 years) pilot-scale (40-280 m2) FTW installations in Baltimore, Boston, and Chicago. We quantify annual phosphorus removal through harvesting of above-ground vegetation and find an average removal rate of 2 g-P m-2. In our own study and in a review of literature, we find limited evidence of enhanced sedimentation as a pathway for phosphorus removal. In addition to water-quality benefits, FTW planted with native species, provide valuable wetland habitat; and theoretically improve ecological function. We document efforts to quantify the local effect of FTW installations on benthic and sessile macroinvertebrates, zooplankton, bloom-forming cyanobacteria, and fish. Data from these three projects suggest that, even on a small scale, FTW produce localized changes in biotic structure that reflect improving environmental quality. This study provides a simple and defensible method for sizing FTW for nutrient removal in eutrophic waterbodies. We propose several key research pathways which would advance our understanding of the effects FTW have on the ecosystem they are deployed in.
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Affiliation(s)
- McNamara Rome
- Northeastern University, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 400 Snell Engineering Center, 350 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Austin Happel
- Daniel P. Haerther Center for Conservation and Research, John G. Shedd Aquarium, 1200 South DuSable Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605, United States of America
| | - Charmaine Dahlenburg
- National Aquarium, to 501 E Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, United States of America
| | - Phil Nicodemus
- Urban Rivers, 1550 N Kingsbury St, Chicago, IL 60642, United States of America
| | - Eric Schott
- University of Maryland, Center for Environmental Science, 701 E. Pratt St, IMET, Baltimore, MD 21202, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Mueller
- Urban Rivers, 1550 N Kingsbury St, Chicago, IL 60642, United States of America
| | - Kathryne Lovell
- University of Massachusetts Amherst. College of Engineering, 130 Natural Resources Road Marston Hall, Amherst, MA 01003, United States of America
| | - R Edward Beighley
- Northeastern University, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 400 Snell Engineering Center, 350 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
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Mufarrege MDLM, Di Luca GA, Carreras ÁA, Hadad HR, Maine MA, Campagnoli MA, Nocetti E. Response of Typha domingensis Pers. in floating wetlands systems for the treatment of water polluted with phosphorus and nitrogen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:50582-50592. [PMID: 36800086 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this work were to evaluate the effects of P and N on the tolerance and root morphometry of Typha domingensis plants, and their implication in removal efficiency in floating treatment wetlands (FTWs). Pilot-scale plastic reactors containing plants, sediment, and tap water were arranged. FTWs consist of a plastic net, and buoyancy was provided by a PVC frame. After plant acclimation, 38 L of the synthetic effluent containing 10 mg L-1 N + 2 mg L-1 P was added to the reactors as follows: reactor A (with FTWs), reactor B (without FTWs), reactor BC (biological controls), and reactor CC (chemical control). Reactors were arranged in triplicate. During the experiment, three effluent dumps were made. The removals of SRP and TP were significantly higher in reactor A than in reactor B. N-NH4+ removal was not significantly different between reactors A and B, while N-NO3- removal from water was higher in reactor A than in reactor B. At the end of the experiment, chlorophyll concentration and aerial and submerged (roots and rhizomes) biomass increased significantly in reactor A. TP concentrations were not different between rhizomes and leaves, while the lowest concentrations were observed in roots. The TKN in tissues was significantly higher in roots and rhizomes than in aerial parts. In plants exposed to the experimental solution, the internal and external root morphology changed. The use of FTWs is a promising strategy for the sustainable treatment of nutrient polluted water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de Las Mercedes Mufarrege
- Química Analítica Ambiental, Instituto de Química Aplicada del Litoral (IQAL, CONICET-UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago del Estero 2829, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Gisela Alfonsina Di Luca
- Química Analítica Ambiental, Instituto de Química Aplicada del Litoral (IQAL, CONICET-UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago del Estero 2829, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ángeles Araceli Carreras
- Química Analítica Ambiental, Instituto de Química Aplicada del Litoral (IQAL, CONICET-UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago del Estero 2829, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Hernán Ricardo Hadad
- Química Analítica Ambiental, Instituto de Química Aplicada del Litoral (IQAL, CONICET-UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago del Estero 2829, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Alejandra Maine
- Química Analítica Ambiental, Instituto de Química Aplicada del Litoral (IQAL, CONICET-UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago del Estero 2829, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Abel Campagnoli
- Química Analítica Ambiental, Instituto de Química Aplicada del Litoral (IQAL, CONICET-UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago del Estero 2829, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Emanuel Nocetti
- Química Analítica Ambiental, Instituto de Química Aplicada del Litoral (IQAL, CONICET-UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago del Estero 2829, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
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Awad J, Brunetti G, Juhasz A, Williams M, Navarro D, Drigo B, Bougoure J, Vanderzalm J, Beecham S. Application of native plants in constructed floating wetlands as a passive remediation approach for PFAS-impacted surface water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128326. [PMID: 35101757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strategies for remediation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) generally prioritise highly contaminated source areas. However, the mobility of PFAS in the environment often results in extensive low-level contamination of surface waters across broad areas. Constructed Floating Wetlands (CFWs) promote the growth of plants in buoyant structures where pollutants are assimilated into plant biomass. This study examined the hydroponic growth of Juncus krausii, Baumea articulata and Phragmites australis over a 28-day period for remediation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) contaminated (0.2 µg/L to 30 µg/L) urban stormwater. With increasing PFOA and PFOS concentrations, accumulation in plant species increased although root and shoot distribution varied depending on PFAS functional group. Less PFOA than PFOS accumulated in plant roots (0.006-0.16 versus 0.008-0.68 µg/g), while more PFOA accumulated in the plant shoots (0.02-0.55 versus 0.01-0.16 µg/g) indicating translocation to upper plant portions. Phragmites australis accumulated the highest overall plant tissue concentrations of PFOA and PFOS. The NanoSIMS data demonstrated that PFAS associated with roots and shoots was absorbed and not just surface bound. These results illustrate that CFWs have the potential to be used to reduce PFAS contaminants in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Awad
- University of South Australia, Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Gianluca Brunetti
- University of South Australia, Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Albert Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Mike Williams
- CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Divina Navarro
- CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Barbara Drigo
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Jeremy Bougoure
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | - Simon Beecham
- University of South Australia, Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
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