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Ma Y, Ma M, Palomo A, Sun Y, Modrzynski JJ, Aamand J, Zheng Y. Biodegradation of trace sulfonamide antibiotics accelerated by substrates across oxic to anoxic conditions during column infiltration experiments. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120193. [PMID: 37327547 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Frequent occurrence of trace organic contaminants in aquatic environments, such as sulfonamide antibiotics in rivers receiving reclaimed water, is concerning. Natural attenuation by soil and sediment is increasingly relied upon. In the case of riverbank filtration for water purification, the reliability of antibiotic attenuation has been called into question due to incomplete understanding of their degradation processes. This study investigated influence of substrates and redox evolution along infiltration path on biotransformation of sulfonamides. Eight sand columns (length: 28 cm) with a riverbed sediment layer at 3-8 cm were fed by groundwater-sourced tap water spiked with 1 μg/L of sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamethazine (SMZ), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) each, with or without amendments of dissolved organic carbon (5 mg-C/L of 1:1 yeast and humics) or ammonium (5 mg-N/L). Two flow rates were tested over 120 days (0.5 mL/min and 0.1 mL/min). Iron-reducing conditions persisted in all columns for 27 days during the initial high flow period due to respiration of sediment organics, evolving to less reducing conditions until the subsequent low flow period to resume more reducing conditions. With surplus substrates, the spatial and temporal patterns of redox conditions differentiated among columns. The removal of SDZ and SMZ in effluents was usually low (15 ± 11%) even with carbon addition (14 ± 9%), increasing to 33 ± 23% with ammonium addition. By contrast, SMX removal was higher and more consistent among columns (46 ± 21%), with the maximum of 64 ± 9% under iron-reducing conditions. When sulfonamide removal was compared between columns for the same redox zones during infiltration, their enhancements were always associated with the availability of dissolved or particulate substrates, suggesting co-metabolism. Manipulation of the exposure time to optimal redox conditions with substrate amendments, rather than to simply prolong the overall residence time, is recommended for nature-based solutions to tackle target antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Meng Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Alejandro Palomo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuqin Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jakub J Modrzynski
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark
| | - Jens Aamand
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark
| | - Yan Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Filter J, Kopp MGV, Ruhl AS, Jekel M. Influence of low oxygen concentrations on biological transformations of trace organic chemicals in sand filter systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139069. [PMID: 37271464 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Managed aquifer recharge systems for drinking water reclamation are challenged by trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) since some of them are poorly retained. Although a lot of research has been done to investigate biological transformation of TOrCs in sand filter systems, there are still uncertainties to predict the removal. A laboratory column system with two different filter sands was set up to test TOrC transformation, the influence of low oxygen concentrations as well as the adaptation and influence of spiked TOrC influent concentrations. Bioactivity was quantified with the fluorescence tracer resazurin. In the experiment, a low elimination performance in the first column segment, defined as lag zone, was observed, implying incomplete adaptation or inhibiting co-factors. To assess these lag zones and to determine the dissipation time DT50 for 50% removal, a modified Gompertz model was applied. For acesulfame, formylaminoantipyrine, gabapentin, sulfamethoxazole, and valsartan acid DT50 of less than 10 h were observed, even when influent oxygen concentrations decreased to 0.5 mg/L. In general, TOrC transformations in technical sand with lower bioactivity and especially valsartan acid transformation responded very sensitive to low influent oxygen concentrations of 0.5 mg/L. However, in well adapted sand originating from soil aquifer treatment (SAT) with sufficient bioactivity, TOrC removal was hardly affected by such suboxic conditions. Furthermore, increasing the influent concentrations of TOrCs to 10 μg/L was found to promote adaptation especially for acesulfame and sulfamethoxazole. Benzotriazole, carbamazepine, diclofenac and venlafaxine were recalcitrant under the applied experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Filter
- Technical University of Berlin, Chair of Water Quality Control, KF4, Str. des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Marianne G V Kopp
- Technical University of Berlin, Chair of Water Quality Control, KF4, Str. des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aki S Ruhl
- Technical University of Berlin, Chair of Water Quality Control, KF4, Str. des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany; German Environment Agency (UBA), Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, 12307, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Jekel
- Technical University of Berlin, Chair of Water Quality Control, KF4, Str. des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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Zeeshan M, Scheurer M, Förster C, Kuebeck C, Ruhl AS, Klitzke S. The fate of nitrification and urease inhibitors in simulated bank filtration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 335:117485. [PMID: 36827803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The application of nitrification and urease inhibitors (NUI) in conjunction with nitrogen (N) fertilizers improves the efficiency of N fertilizers. However, NUI are frequently found in surface waters through leaching or surface runoff. Bank filtration (BF) is considered as a low-cost water treatment system providing high quality water by efficiently removing large amounts of organic micropollutants from surface water. The fate of NUI in managed aquifer recharge systems such as BF is poorly known. The aim of this work was to investigate sorption and degradation of NUI in simulated BF under near-natural conditions. Besides, the effect of NUI on the microbial biomass of slowly growing microorganisms and the role of microbial biomass on NUI removal was investigated. Duplicate sand columns (length 1.7 m) fed with surface water were spiked with a pulse consisting of four nitrification (1,2,4-triazole, dicyanodiamide, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole and 3-methylpyrazole) and two urease inhibitors (n-butyl-thiophosphoric acid triamide and n-(2-nitrophenyl) phosphoric triamide). The average spiking concentration of each NUI was 5 μg/L. Experimental and modeled breakthrough curves of NUI indicated no retardation for any of the inhibitors. Therefore, biodegradation was identified as the main elimination pathway for all substances and was highest in zones of high microbial biomass. Removal of 1,2,4-triazole was 50% and n-butyl-thiophosphoric acid triamide proved to be highly degradable and was completely removed after a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h. 50% of the mass recovery for nitrification inhibitors except for 3,4-dimethylpyrazole was observed at the effluent (4 days HRT). In addition, a mild effect of NUI on microbial biomass was noted. This study highlights that the degradation of NUI in BF depends on HRT and microbial biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeeshan
- German Environment Agency, Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, 12307, Berlin, Germany; Technische Universität Berlin, Water Treatment, KF4, Str. des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Marco Scheurer
- TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Karlsruher Str. 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany; Landesanstalt für Umwelt Baden-Württemberg, Griesbachstr. 1-3, 76185 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christina Förster
- German Environment Agency, Section II 3.5, Heinrich-Heine-Straße 12, 08645 Bad Elster, Germany
| | - Christine Kuebeck
- IWW Water Centre, Water Resources Management, Justus-von-Liebig-Str. 10, 64584 Biebesheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Aki Sebastian Ruhl
- German Environment Agency, Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, 12307, Berlin, Germany; Technische Universität Berlin, Water Treatment, KF4, Str. des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sondra Klitzke
- German Environment Agency, Section II 3.1, Schichauweg 58, 12307, Berlin, Germany
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Pensky J, Fisher AT, Gorski G, Schrad N, Bautista V, Saltikov C. Linking nitrate removal, carbon cycling, and mobilization of geogenic trace metals during infiltration for managed recharge. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 239:120045. [PMID: 37201373 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We present results from a series of laboratory column studies investigating the impacts of infiltration dynamics and the addition of a soil-carbon amendment (wood mulch or almond shells) on water quality during infiltration for flood-managed aquifer recharge (flood-MAR). Recent studies suggest that nitrate removal could be enhanced during infiltration for MAR through the application of a wood chip permeable reactive barrier (PRB). However, less is understood about how other readily available carbon sources, such as almond shells, could be used as a PRB material, and how carbon amendments could impact other solutes, such as trace metals. Here we show that the presence of a carbon amendment increases nitrate removal relative to native soil, and that there is greater nitrate removal in association with longer fluid retention times (slower infiltration rates). Almond shells promoted more efficient nitrate removal than wood mulch or native soil, but also promoted the mobilization of geogenic trace metals (Mn, Fe, and As) during experiments. Almond shells in a PRB likely enhanced nitrate removal and trace metal cycling by releasing labile carbon, promoting reducing conditions, and providing habitat for microbial communities, the composition of which shifted in response. These results suggest that limiting the amount of bioavailable carbon released by a carbon-rich PRB may be preferred where geogenic trace metals are common in soils. Given the dual threats to groundwater supplies and quality worldwide, incorporating a suitable carbon source into the soil for managed infiltration projects could help to generate co-benefits and avoid undesirable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pensky
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States.
| | - Andrew T Fisher
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Galen Gorski
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Nicole Schrad
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Victor Bautista
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Chad Saltikov
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
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Zeeshan M, Schumann P, Pabst S, Ruhl AS. Transformation of potentially persistent and mobile organic micropollutants in column experiments. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15822. [PMID: 37159681 PMCID: PMC10163653 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of potentially persistent and mobile (PM) organic micropollutants (OMP) in the aquatic environment is recognized as a severe threat to water resources and drinking water suppliers. The current study investigated long-term fate (persistency and bio-transformation) of several emerging contaminants in a simulated bank filtration (BF) for the first time. In parallel, four sand column systems were operated with groundwater and continuously spiked with an average concentration of 1 μg/L for 24 OMP. Each column system consisted of two sand columns connected in series. Presumably, biological activities in the first column were higher than in the second column, as dissolved oxygen utilization, dissolved organic matter (DOM) and UV absorbance at 254 nm (UV254) reduction rates were high in the first column. This study revealed that 9 out of 24 OMP were persistent and mobile throughout the study under oxic conditions and within a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 days. However, 2 (out of 9) OMP were persistent but showed sorption behavior. 15 (out of 24) OMP displayed bio-transformation, 4 were eliminated entirely within 4.5 days of HRT. Others showed constant or improved degradation with the adaptation (or operation) time. Improved degradation with adaption was high in the bioactive sand columns. However, 8 OMP showed improved elimination at high HRT, even in low biologically active columns. In addition, no significant effect of the DOM on the eliminations of OMP was found except for 4-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6,-tetramethylpiperidine (HHTMP), 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid (MPSA) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The eliminations of HHTMP (Pearson's r > 0.80, p < 0.05), MPSA (Pearson's r > 0.70) and SMX (Pearson's r > 0.80) correlated with the removals of humic substances in the sand columns. Overall, adaptation time and HRT play a crucial role in the elimination of emerging OMP through BF, yet at the same time several OMP exhibit persistent behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeeshan
- German Environment Agency, Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, 12307, Berlin, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Water Treatment, KF4, Str. des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
- Corresponding author. German Environment Agency, Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, 12307, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Pia Schumann
- German Environment Agency, Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, 12307, Berlin, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Water Treatment, KF4, Str. des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Pabst
- German Environment Agency, Section II 3.1, Schichauweg 58, 12307, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aki Sebastian Ruhl
- German Environment Agency, Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, 12307, Berlin, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Water Treatment, KF4, Str. des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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6
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Filter J, Ermisch T, Ruhl AS, Jekel M. Impacts of autochthonous particulate organic matter on redox-conditions and elimination of trace organic chemicals in managed aquifer recharge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:44121-44129. [PMID: 36689109 PMCID: PMC10076367 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Autochthonous carbon fixation by algae and subsequent deposition of particulate organic matter can have significant effects on redox conditions and elimination of trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) in managed aquifer recharge (MAR). This study investigated the impacts of different algae loadings (0-160 g/m2) and infiltration rates (0.06-0.37 m/d) on overall oxygen consumption and elimination of selected TOrCs (diclofenac, formylaminoantipyrine, gabapentin, and sulfamethoxazole) in adapted laboratory sand columns. An infiltration rate of 0.37 m/d in conjunction with an algae load of 80 g/m2 (dry weight) sustained oxic conditions in the sand bed and did not affect the degradation of TOrCs. Thus, the availability of easily degradable organic carbon from algae did not influence the removal of TOrCs at an influent concentration of 1 µg/L. In contrast, a lower infiltration rate of 0.20 m/d in combination with a higher algae loading of 160 g/m2 caused anoxic conditions for 30 days and significantly impeded the degradation of formylaminoantipyrine, gabapentin, sulfamethoxazole, and diclofenac. Especially the elimination of gabapentin did not fully recover within 130 days after pulsed algae deposition. Hence, measures like micro-sieving or nutrient control are required at bank filtration or soil aquifer treatment sites with low infiltration rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Filter
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Water Quality Control, KF4, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Ermisch
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Water Quality Control, KF4, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aki Sebastian Ruhl
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Water Quality Control, KF4, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
- German Environment Agency, Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, 12307, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Jekel
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Water Quality Control, KF4, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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Bröcker JHL, Stone W, Carstens A, Wolfaardt GM. Micropollutant transformation and toxicity: Electrochemical ozonation versus biological metabolism. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/23978473221122880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental water sources are constantly polluted by anthropogenic compounds, not always minimized by conventional water treatment methods to remove these compounds at the micro- and nano-range. The absolute concentrations of a suite of seven representative environmental micropollutants were compared pre- and post-treatment with both ozone and microbial biofilms, in terms of removal efficiencies and toxicity assays. Both synthetic micropollutant mixes and environmental water samples were evaluated. The study started with two representative micropollutants (carbamazepine, CBZ, and sulfamethoxazole, SMX), and broadened into a suite of pollutants, evaluating whole-sample eco-toxicological footprints. An ozone concentration of 4.24 ± 0.27 mg/L in tap water, resulted in an 87.9% and 96.5% removal of CBZ and SMX, respectively, within 1 min. Despite almost immediate removal of parent micropollutants by oxidation, endocrine disruption potential (anti-estrogenicity) of CBZ and SMX required up to 240 min of ozone treatment to show no assay effect. A broader suite of micropollutants in more complex environmental matrices showed scavenging of ozone (2.95 ± 0.17–0.25 ± 0.03 mg/L) and varying micropollutant recalcitrance to oxidation. Lower matrix pollution led to lower reduction in eco-toxicity. Microbial degradation of CBZ and SMX (56% and 70% versus 19% and 79%, respectively, in duplicate biofilms) by nutrient-limited biofilms showed less removal than ozonation, with marked variation due to the stochastic nature of biofilm sloughing. Microbial degradation of CBZ and SMX resulted in an increase of >90% in both estrogenicity and Aliivibrio inhibition. The results obtained from this study address a gap in understanding the removal efficiency of micropollutants, where the removal process often receives more attention than the comparative reduction of toxicological effects. This shift from a controlled laboratory environment to real-world scenarios also provided comparative insights into the removal of micropollutants and the eco-toxicity of the transformation by-products of each process.
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Affiliation(s)
- JHL Bröcker
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - W Stone
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - A Carstens
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - GM Wolfaardt
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Zhiteneva V, Carvajal G, Shehata O, Hübner U, Drewes JE. Quantitative microbial risk assessment of a non-membrane based indirect potable water reuse system using Bayesian networks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146462. [PMID: 33774303 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Risk-based approaches are used to define performance standards for water and wastewater treatment to meet health-based targets and to ensure safe and reliable water quality for desired end use. In this study, a screening level QMRA for a non-membrane based indirect potable reuse (IPR) system utilizing the sequential managed aquifer recharge technology (SMART) concept was conducted. Ambient removals of norovirus, Campylobacter and Cryptosporidium in advanced water treatment (AWT) steps were combined in a probabilistic QMRA utilizing Bayesian networks constructed in Netica. Results revealed that all pathogens complied with disease burden at the 95th percentile, and according to the assumptions taken about pathogen removal, Cryptosporidium was the pathogen with the greatest risk. Through systematic sensitivity analysis, targeted scenario analysis, and backwards inferencing, critical control points for each pathogen were determined, demonstrating the usefulness of Bayesian networks as a diagnostic tool in quantifying risk of water reuse treatment scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Zhiteneva
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Guido Carvajal
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Andrés Bello, Antonio Varas 880, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Omar Shehata
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Uwe Hübner
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Assessment of Full-Scale Indirect Potable Water Reuse in El Port de la Selva, Spain. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13030325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In 2015, the town of El Port de la Selva in Spain implemented soil-aquifer treatment (SAT) using tertiary treated wastewater effluents to replenish the local potable aquifer. This study evaluated the initial phase of this indirect potable water reuse system including a characterization of hydraulic conditions in the aquifer and monitoring of microbial contaminants and 151 chemicals of emerging concern (CECs). The combined treatment resulted in very low abundances of indicator bacteria, enteric viruses and phages in the monitoring wells after three days of infiltration and a reduction of antibiotic microbial resistance to background levels of local groundwater. After tertiary treatment, 94 CECs were detected in the infiltration basin of which 15 chemicals exceeded drinking water thresholds or health-based monitoring trigger levels. Although SAT provided an effective barrier for many chemicals, 5 CECs were detected above health-based threshold levels in monitoring wells after short hydraulic retention times. However, additional attenuation is expected due to dilution prior to abstraction via downstream drinking water wells and during granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration, which was recently installed to mitigate residual CECs. Overall, the results demonstrate that indirect potable water reuse can be a reliable option for smaller communities, if related risks from microbial and chemical contaminants are adequately addressed by tertiary treatment and subsequent SAT, providing sufficient hydraulic retention times for pathogen decay and CEC removal.
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Karakurt-Fischer S, Bein E, Drewes JE, Hübner U. Characterizing a novel in-situ oxygen delivery device for establishing controlled redox zonation within a high infiltration rate sequential biofilter. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 182:116039. [PMID: 32622133 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
By applying favorable oxic and oligotrophic conditions through subsequent aeration and an additional infiltration step, the sequential managed aquifer recharge technology (SMART) was proven to better remove trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) than conventional MAR systems. To minimize the physical footprint, pumping costs and hydraulic retention times, as well as to overcome limitations of site-specific heterogeneities of such systems, the SMART concept was further upgraded by two main engineered technologies. This SMARTplus bioreactor is comprised of an infiltration trench and highly homogenous porous media to provide high infiltration rates and plug-flow conditions. Additionally, an in-situ oxygen delivery device, in particular a self-designed PDMS gas-liquid membrane contactor, was designed to establish favorable subsurface oxic conditions. This novel SMARTplus technology was investigated at pilot scale and is designed for advanced water treatment either in the context of water reuse or treatment of impaired surface water. To determine the design specifications and to construct a pilot-scale membrane contactor, the mass transfer coefficients of the PDMS membrane were investigated at lab-scale for varying Reynold numbers (0.2-2). With the help of the customized membrane contactor, homogenous, bubble-free and passive oxygen delivery could be successfully demonstrated at pilot-scale under laminar flow conditions and short contact times. Oxygen concentrations downstream of the membrane contactors met the design specifications (>1 mg/L) as long as the required feed water quality was provided. However, high NH4+ concentrations in the secondary effluent resulted in higher and unsteady oxygen demand than the target oxygen transfer rates could meet and suboxic conditions prevailed. Although a 20-50% enhancement in the removal of certain compounds (4-FAA, antipyrine, sulfamethoxazole, and citalopram) was achieved, demonstration of the full potential of enhanced TOrC removal by SMARTplus was hindered due to unsteady feed water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emil Bein
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Hübner
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Germany.
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11
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Karakurt-Fischer S, Sanz-Prat A, Greskowiak J, Ergh M, Gerdes H, Massmann G, Ederer J, Regnery J, Hübner U, Drewes JE. Developing a novel biofiltration treatment system by coupling high-rate infiltration trench technology with a plug-flow porous-media bioreactor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137890. [PMID: 32208260 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The sequence of two infiltration steps combined with an intermediate aeration named 'sequential managed aquifer recharge technology (SMART)' proved to be a promising approach to replenish groundwater using treated wastewater effluents or impaired surface waters due to efficient inactivation of pathogens and improved removal of many trace organic chemicals. To minimize the physical footprint of such systems and overcome limitations through site-specific heterogeneity at conventional MAR sites, an engineered approach was taken to further advance the SMART concept. This study investigated the establishment of plug-flow conditions in a pilot scale subsurface bioreactor by providing highly controlled hydraulic conditions. Such a system, with a substantially reduced physical footprint in comparison to conventional MAR systems, could be applied independent of local hydrogeological conditions. The desired redox conditions in the bioreactor are achieved by in-situ oxygen delivery, to maintain the homogenous flow conditions and eliminate typical pumping costs. For the time being, this study investigated hydraulic conditions and the initial performance regarding the removal of chemical constituents during baseline operation of the SMARTplus bioreactor. The fit of the observed and simulated breakthrough curves from the pulse injection tracer test indicated successful establishment of plug-flow conditions throughout the bioreactor. The performance data obtained during baseline operation confirmed similar trace organic chemical biotransformation as previously observed in lab- and field-scale MAR systems during travel times of <13 h.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia Sanz-Prat
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Working Group Hydrogeology and Landscape Hydrology, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Janek Greskowiak
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Working Group Hydrogeology and Landscape Hydrology, Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Gudrun Massmann
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Working Group Hydrogeology and Landscape Hydrology, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ederer
- Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Julia Regnery
- Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Uwe Hübner
- Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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12
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Reactive Barriers for Renaturalization of Reclaimed Water during Soil Aquifer Treatment. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12041012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is known to increase available water quantity and to improve water quality. However, its implementation is hindered by the concern of polluting aquifers, which might lead to onerous treatment and regulatory requirements for the source water. These requirements might make MAR unsustainable both economically and energetically. To address these concerns, we tested reactive barriers laid at the bottom of infiltration basins to enhance water quality improvement during soil passage. The goal of the barriers was to (1) provide a range of sorption sites to favor the retention of chemical contaminants and pathogens; (2) favor the development of a sequence of redox states to promote the degradation of the most recalcitrant chemical contaminants; and (3) promote the growth of plants both to reduce clogging, and to supply organic carbon and sorption sites. We summarized our experience to show that the barriers did enhance the removal of organic pollutants of concern (e.g., pharmaceuticals and personal care products). However, the barriers did not increase the removal of pathogens beyond traditional MAR systems. We reviewed the literature to suggest improvements on the design of the system to improve pathogen attenuation and to address antibiotic resistance gene transfer.
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13
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Zhang L, Carvalho PN, Bollmann UE, Ei-Taliawy H, Brix H, Bester K. Enhanced removal of pharmaceuticals in a biofilter: Effects of manipulating co-degradation by carbon feeding. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124303. [PMID: 31310978 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm reactors are a promising biotechnology to eliminate pharmaceuticals from wastewater during tertiary treatment or in water works for drinking water production. This study aimed at investigating the effects of pulsed carbon feeding for promoting the co-degradation of indigenous pharmaceuticals from pre-treated wastewater in a fixed-bed porous biofilm reactor (slow sand filter). The addition of acetate (carbon source) resulted in three different enhancement/limitation effects, which were compound dependent: 1) atenolol and iohexol experienced enhanced co-degradation followed by constant (acetate independent) degradation; 2) metoprolol, iomeprol, diclofenac, propranolol and sulfamethizole co-degradation dependent on aerobic turnover, but inhibited at higher acetate concentrations (60-300 mg C/L); 3) sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were removed independently of oxygen and acetate concentration. Carbamazepine, ditriazoic acid, iopromide; tramadol and venlavaxine were not removed at any acetate dosage. Biofilm reactors can be employed for polishing treated wastewater, and the addition of a primary carbon source can enhance the performance of the bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Pedro N Carvalho
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark; WATEC, Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ulla Elisabeth Bollmann
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark; WATEC, Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Haitham Ei-Taliawy
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Hans Brix
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark; WATEC, Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kai Bester
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark; WATEC, Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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14
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Hermes N, Jewell KS, Schulz M, Müller J, Hübner U, Wick A, Drewes JE, Ternes TA. Elucidation of removal processes in sequential biofiltration (SBF) and soil aquifer treatment (SAT) by analysis of a broad range of trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) and their transformation products (TPs). WATER RESEARCH 2019; 163:114857. [PMID: 31336207 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many chemicals with different physico-chemical properties are present in municipal wastewater. In this study, the removal of a broad range of trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) was determined in two biological treatment processes differing in hydraulic retention time: sequential biofiltration (SBF) and soil-aquifer treatment (SAT), operated in Germany and Spain. Occurrence and the degree of removal of more than 150 TOrCs with different physico-chemical properties were analysed, including precursors as well as human metabolites and environmental transformation products (TPs). Ninety TOrCs were detected in the feed water of the SBF system, 40% of these showed removal efficiencies of higher than 30% during biological treatment. In SAT, 70 TOrCs were detected in the feed water, 60% of these could be reduced by more than 30% after approximately 3 days of subsurface treatment. For uncharged and negatively charged TOrCs biological degradation was mainly responsible for the removal, while positively charged TOrCs were most likely also removed by ionic interactions. The detections of TPs confirmed that biodegradation was a major removal process in both systems. The analysis of positively and negatively charged, neutral and zwitterionic TOrCs and the simultaneous analysis of precursors and their biologically formed TPs enabled a detailed understanding of underlying mechanisms of their removal in the two systems. On this basis, criteria for site-specific indicator selection were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hermes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - K S Jewell
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - M Schulz
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - J Müller
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - U Hübner
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - A Wick
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - J E Drewes
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - T A Ternes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany.
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15
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Kim HC, Park SH, Noh JH, Choi J, Lee S, Maeng SK. Comparison of pre-oxidation between O 3 and O 3/H 2O 2 for subsequent managed aquifer recharge using laboratory-scale columns. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 377:290-298. [PMID: 31173978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid process of managed aquifer recharge with pre-oxidation was investigated as part of a multiple-barrier approach for safe water production. This study evaluated O3 and O3/H2O2 for the pre-oxidation of urban surface water prior to managed aquifer recharge (MAR) and compared their effectiveness with respect to trace organic contaminants (TrOCs), biostability, and trihalomethane formation potential. The combination of pre-oxidation and MAR was performed using long-term column studies, and the results confirmed the removal of 64 and 56% dissolved organic carbon by using O3 and O3/H2O2, respectively. MAR combined with O3 and O3/H2O2 achieved >50% removal of dissolved organic carbon with the first 5 days of residence time. O3 alone showed better performance in alleviating trihalomethane formation potential during chlorination compared to using O3/H2O2. The pre-oxidation of urban surface water was effective in attenuating selected TrOCs (35 - >99% removal), and subsequent MAR achieved >99% removal of selected TrOCs within the first 5 days, regardless of pretreatment methods examined in this study. The results of this study provide an understanding of the effects of O3 and O3/H2O2 as pre-oxidation processes on urban surface water prior to MAR, as well as the resulting impact on MAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Chul Kim
- Research Institute for Advanced Industrial Technology, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hee Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdongro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyung Noh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdongro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Choi
- Water Quality & Safety Research Center, K-water Institute, Shintanjin-Ro 200, Daeduck-Gu, Daejeon, 34350, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghak Lee
- Water Cycle Research Center, National Agenda Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Maeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdongro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Schaper JL, Posselt M, Bouchez C, Jaeger A, Nuetzmann G, Putschew A, Singer G, Lewandowski J. Fate of Trace Organic Compounds in the Hyporheic Zone: Influence of Retardation, the Benthic Biolayer, and Organic Carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:4224-4234. [PMID: 30905154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The fate of 28 trace organic compounds (TrOCs) was investigated in the hyporheic zone (HZ) of an urban lowland river in Berlin, Germany. Water samples were collected hourly over 17 h in the river and in three depths in the HZ using minipoint samplers. The four relatively variable time series were subsequently used to calculate first-order removal rates and retardation coefficients via a one-dimensional reactive transport model. Reversible sorption processes led to substantial retardation of many TrOCs along the investigated hyporheic flow path. Some TrOCs, such as dihydroxy-carbamazepine, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, and venlafaxine, were found to be stable in the HZ. Others were readily removed with half-lives in the first 10 cm of the HZ ranging from 0.1 ± 0.01 h for iopromide to 3.3 ± 0.3 h for tramadol. Removal rate constants of the majority of reactive TrOCs were highest in the first 10 cm of the HZ, where removal of biodegradable dissolved organic matter was also the highest. Because conditions were oxic along the top 30 cm of the investigated flow path, we attribute this finding to the high microbial activity typically associated with the shallow HZ. Frequent and short vertical hyporheic exchange flows could therefore be more important for reach-scale TrOC removal than long, lateral hyporheic flow paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas L Schaper
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Müggelseedamm 310 , 12587 Berlin , Germany
- Chair of Water Quality Engineering , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 135 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Malte Posselt
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) , Stockholm University , 114 19 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Camille Bouchez
- CNRS , Univ Rennes , Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118 , 35000 Rennes , France
| | - Anna Jaeger
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Müggelseedamm 310 , 12587 Berlin , Germany
- Geography Department , Humboldt University Berlin , Rudower Chaussee 16 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Gunnar Nuetzmann
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Müggelseedamm 310 , 12587 Berlin , Germany
- Geography Department , Humboldt University Berlin , Rudower Chaussee 16 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Anke Putschew
- Chair of Water Quality Engineering , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 135 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Gabriel Singer
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Müggelseedamm 310 , 12587 Berlin , Germany
| | - Joerg Lewandowski
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Müggelseedamm 310 , 12587 Berlin , Germany
- Geography Department , Humboldt University Berlin , Rudower Chaussee 16 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
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17
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Hellauer K, Martínez Mayerlen S, Drewes JE, Hübner U. Biotransformation of trace organic chemicals in the presence of highly refractory dissolved organic carbon. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:33-39. [PMID: 30308387 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that the transformation of trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) in managed aquifer recharge (MAR) systems is favored under carbon-limited and oxic redox conditions especially, if the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) serving as primary substrate has a refractory character. Since co-metabolism is suggested to be the dominant removal mechanism, it is hypothesized that TOrCs transformation is controlled by the concentration of the refractory carbon under oxic redox conditions. A laboratory-scale soil column experiment mimicking MAR was established to investigate the influence of two different concentrations of highly refractory carbon sources on TOrCs transformation, namely drinking water (DW) and drinking water augmented with humic acid (DW + HA). Oxic redox conditions and carbon-limitation were present in both systems (ΔDOCDW+HA ≈ 0.6-0.7 mg/L; ΔDOCDW ≈ 0.1 mg/L). Of the 12 TOrCs investigated seven exhibited moderate to efficient transformation in both systems with only one compound (diclofenac) showing significantly enhanced (co-metabolic) biotransformation by adding humic acids as primary growth substrate. It is postulated that transformation of some TOrCs is characterized by metabolic degradation under starving conditions (ΔDOC ≤ 0.1 mg/L). By comparing the transformation efficiency of selected TOrCs with previous studies operated under carbon-limited and oxic conditions, an inconsistent behavior of some compounds was observed. These results demonstrate that key factors triggering the transformation of TOrCs are still poorly understood and thus, further investigations regarding the biodegradation pathways of TOrCs, upregulation of key enzymes by the microbial community but also more detailed analysis of the composition of the biodegradable DOC are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hellauer
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Sara Martínez Mayerlen
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Uwe Hübner
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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18
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Hellauer K, Uhl J, Lucio M, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Wibberg D, Hübner U, Drewes JE. Microbiome-Triggered Transformations of Trace Organic Chemicals in the Presence of Effluent Organic Matter in Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:14342-14351. [PMID: 30419166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is widely assumed that biodegradation of trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) in managed aquifer recharge (MAR) systems occurs via a cometabolic transformation with dissolved organic carbon serving as primary substrate. Hence, the composition facilitating bioavailability of the organic matter seems to have a great impact on TOrCs transformation in MAR systems. The aim of this study was to elucidate the character of effluent organic matter present in the feedwater of a simulated sequential MAR system throughout the infiltration by use of FT-ICR-MS analyses as well as spectroscopic methods. Furthermore, compositional changes were correlated with TOrCs targeted throughout the system as well as the abundance of different microbial phyla. On the basis of their behavior throughout the infiltration system in which different redox and substrate conditions prevailed, TOrCs were classified in four groups: easily degradable, redox insensitive, redox sensitive, and persistent. Masses correlating with persistent TOrCs were mainly comprised of CHNO-containing molecules but also of CHO which are known as carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules, while CHOS and CHNOS can be neglected. Easily degradable TOrCs could be associated with CHNO-, CHO-, and CHOS-containing compounds. However, a shift of molecular compounds to mostly CHOS was observed for redox-insensitive TOrCs. Three hundred thirty eight masses correlated with removal of redox-sensitive TOrCs, but no distinct clustering was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hellauer
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Am Coulombwall 3 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Jenny Uhl
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry , Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1 , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Marianna Lucio
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry , Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1 , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry , Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1 , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry , Technical University of Munich , Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2 , 85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- CeBiTec , Bielefeld University , Universitätsstrasse 25 , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Uwe Hübner
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Am Coulombwall 3 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering , Technical University of Munich , Am Coulombwall 3 , 85748 Garching , Germany
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19
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Behavior of Organic Micropollutants During River Bank Filtration in Budapest, Hungary. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10121861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper summarizes results from a half-year sampling campaign in Budapest, when Danube River water and bank filtrate were analyzed for 36 emerging micropollutants. Twelve micropollutants were detected regularly in both river water and bank filtrate. Bisphenol A, carbamazepine, and sulfamethoxazole showed low removal (<20%) during bank filtration on Szentendre Island and Csepel island, whereas 1H-benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, diclofenac, cefepime, iomeprol, metazachlor, and acesulfame showed medium to high removal rates of up to 78%. The concentration range in bank filtrate was much lower compared to river water, proving the equilibration effect of bank filtration for water quality.
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20
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Silver M, Selke S, Balsaa P, Wefer-Roehl A, Kübeck C, Schüth C. Fate of five pharmaceuticals under different infiltration conditions for managed aquifer recharge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 642:914-924. [PMID: 29929143 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Infiltration of treated wastewater (TWW) to recharge depleted aquifers, often referred to as managed aquifer recharge, is a solution to replenish groundwater resources in regions facing water scarcity. We present a mass balance approach to infer the amounts of five pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diclofenac, fenoprofen, gemfibrozil, and naproxen) degraded in column experiments based on concentrations of pharmaceuticals in the aqueous and solid (sorbed) phases. Column experiments were conducted under three different conditions: continuous infiltration, wetting and drying cycles, and wetting and drying cycles with elevated concentrations of antibiotics (which may reduce microbially aided degradation of other compounds). A mass balance comparing pharmaceutical mass in the water phase over the 16-month duration of the experiments to mass sorbed to the soil was used to infer the mass of pharmaceuticals degraded. Results show sorption as the main attenuation mechanism for carbamazepine. About half of the mass of diclofenac was degraded with wetting and drying cycles, but no significant degradation was found for continuous infiltration, while 32% of infiltrated mass sorbed. Fenoprofen was degraded in the shallow and aerobic part of the soil, but degradation appeared to cease beyond 27 cm depth. Gemfibrozil attenuated through a combination of degradation and sorption, with slight increases in attenuation with depth from both mechanisms. Naproxen degraded progressively with depth, resulting in attenuation of >90% of the mass. In the column with elevated concentrations of antibiotics, the antibiotics attenuated to about 50% or less of inflow concentrations by 27 cm depth and within this zone, less degradation of the other compounds was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Silver
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany; Water Resources Management Division, IWW Water Centre, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Selke
- Water Quality Division, IWW Water Centre, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Peter Balsaa
- Water Quality Division, IWW Water Centre, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Annette Wefer-Roehl
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christine Kübeck
- Water Resources Management Division, IWW Water Centre, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Christoph Schüth
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany; Water Resources Management Division, IWW Water Centre, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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21
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Schaper JL, Posselt M, McCallum JL, Banks EW, Hoehne A, Meinikmann K, Shanafield MA, Batelaan O, Lewandowski J. Hyporheic Exchange Controls Fate of Trace Organic Compounds in an Urban Stream. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12285-12294. [PMID: 30293423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
First-order half-lives for 26 trace organic compounds (TrOCs) were determined in the hyporheic zone (HZ) and along a 3 km reach of a first-order stream in South Australia during both dry and wet seasons. Two salt tracer experiments were conducted and evaluated using a transient storage model to characterize seasonal differences in stream residence time and transient storage. Lagrangian and time-integrated surface water sampling were conducted to calculate half-lives in the surface water. Half-lives in the HZ were calculated using porewater samples obtained from a modified mini-point sampler and hyporheic residence times measured via active heat-pulse sensing. Half of the investigated TrOCs (e.g., oxazepam, olmesartan, candesartan) were not significantly removed along both the investigated river stretch and the sampled hyporheic flow paths. The remaining TrOCs (e.g., metformin, guanylurea, valsartan) were found to be significantly removed in the HZ and along the river stretch with relative removals in the HZ correlating to reach-scale relative removals. Using the modeled transport parameters, it was estimated that wet season reach-scale removal of TrOCs was predominately caused by removal in the HZ when the intensity of hyporheic exchange was also higher. Factors that increase HZ exchange are thus likely to promote in-stream reactivity of TrOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas L Schaper
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Müggelseedamm 310 , 12587 Berlin , Germany
- Technical University of Berlin , Chair of Water Quality Engineering , Strasse des 17. Juni 135 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Malte Posselt
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) , Stockholm University , Stockholm 114 18 , Sweden
| | - James L McCallum
- National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, College of Science and Engineering , Flinders University , GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001 , South Australia , Australia
| | - Eddie W Banks
- National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, College of Science and Engineering , Flinders University , GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001 , South Australia , Australia
| | - Anja Hoehne
- Technical University of Berlin , Chair of Water Quality Engineering , Strasse des 17. Juni 135 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Karin Meinikmann
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Müggelseedamm 310 , 12587 Berlin , Germany
| | - Margaret A Shanafield
- National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, College of Science and Engineering , Flinders University , GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001 , South Australia , Australia
| | - Okke Batelaan
- National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, College of Science and Engineering , Flinders University , GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001 , South Australia , Australia
| | - Joerg Lewandowski
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Müggelseedamm 310 , 12587 Berlin , Germany
- Humboldt University Berlin , Geography Department , Rudower Chaussee 16 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
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Water Quality Considerations on the Rise as the Use of Managed Aquifer Recharge Systems Widens. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Polesel F, Torresi E, Loreggian L, Casas ME, Christensson M, Bester K, Plósz BG. Removal of pharmaceuticals in pre-denitrifying MBBR - Influence of organic substrate availability in single- and three-stage configurations. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 123:408-419. [PMID: 28689125 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the limited efficiency of conventional biological treatment, innovative solutions are being explored to improve the removal of trace organic chemicals in wastewater. Controlling biomass exposure to growth substrate represents an appealing option for process optimization, as substrate availability likely impacts microbial activity, hence organic trace chemical removal. This study investigated the elimination of pharmaceuticals in pre-denitrifying moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs), where biofilm exposure to different organic substrate loading and composition was controlled by reactor staging. A three-stage MBBR and a single-stage reference MBBR (with the same operating volume and filling ratio) were operated under continuous-flow conditions (18 months). Two sets of batch experiments (day 100 and 471) were performed to quantify and compare pharmaceutical removal and denitrification kinetics in the different MBBRs. Experimental results revealed the possible influence of retransformation (e.g., from conjugated metabolites) and enantioselectivity on the removal of selected pharmaceuticals. In the second set of experiments, specific trends in denitrification and biotransformation kinetics were observed, with highest and lowest rates/rate constants in the first (S1) and the last (S3) staged sub-reactors, respectively. These observations were confirmed by removal efficiency data obtained during continuous-flow operation, with limited removal (<10%) of recalcitrant pharmaceuticals and highest removal in S1 within the three-stage MBBR. Notably, biotransformation rate constants obtained for non-recalcitrant pharmaceuticals correlated with mean specific denitrification rates, maximum specific growth rates and observed growth yield values. Overall, these findings suggest that: (i) the long-term exposure to tiered substrate accessibility in the three-stage configuration shaped the denitrification and biotransformation capacity of biofilms, with significant reduction under substrate limitation; (ii) biotransformation of pharmaceuticals may have occurred as a result of cometabolism by heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Polesel
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet B115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Elena Torresi
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet B115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; Veolia Water Technologies AB, AnoxKaldnes, Klosterängsvägen 11A, SE-226 47 Lund, Sweden
| | - Luca Loreggian
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet B115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; Environmental Engineering Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mònica Escolà Casas
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Magnus Christensson
- Veolia Water Technologies AB, AnoxKaldnes, Klosterängsvägen 11A, SE-226 47 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kai Bester
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Benedek Gy Plósz
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet B115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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Fate of Trace Organic Compounds in Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Adsorbers for Drinking Water Treatment. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9070479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Impacts of Accumulated Particulate Organic Matter on Oxygen Consumption and Organic Micro-Pollutant Elimination in Bank Filtration and Soil Aquifer Treatment. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9050349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bank filtration (BF) and soil aquifer treatment (SAT) are efficient natural technologies in potable water reuse systems. The removal of many organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) depends on redox-conditions in the subsoil, especially on the availability of molecular oxygen. Due to microbial transformation of particulate and dissolved organic constituents, oxygen can be consumed within short flow distances and induce anoxic and anaerobic conditions. The effect of accumulated particulate organic carbon (POC) on the fate of OMPs in BF and SAT systems is not fully understood. Long-term column experiments with natural sediment cores from the bank of Lake Tegel and from a SAT basin were conducted to investigate the impact of accumulated POC on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release, on oxygen consumption, on mobilization of iron and manganese, and on the elimination of the organic indicator OMPs. The cores were fed with aerated tap water spiked with OMPs to exclude external POC inputs. Complete oxygen consumption within the first infiltration decimeter in lake sediments caused mobilization of iron, manganese, and DOC. Redox-sensitive OMPs like diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, formylaminoantipyrine, and gabapentin were eliminated by more than 50% in all sediment cores, but slightly higher residual concentrations were measured in effluents from lake sediments, indicating a negative impact of a high oxygen consumption on OMP removal.
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