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Mahoney CT, Beck BM, Dixon KE, Horne SD, Lawyer SR. Conceptualizing impulsivity as a construct in relation to posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity among women. J Trauma Stress 2024. [PMID: 38853630 DOI: 10.1002/jts.23060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Despite the established association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and impulsivity, the literature is limited regarding impulsivity as a multifaceted construct. That is, the field's understanding of how PTSD symptoms may increase particular impulsive tendencies and behaviors is constrained by examining impulsivity solely as an umbrella term. The aim of the present study was to determine if there are differential associations between PTSD symptom severity and various components of impulsivity across multiple self-report measures. A sample of 215 undergraduate women (M age = 19.77 years, SD = 1.91, Range: 18-39 years) completed the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), short version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale (SUPPS-P), and Delaying Gratification Inventory (DGI). Structural equation modeling was used to examine associations between PTSD symptoms and each measure's subscales. The findings included significant predictions from PTSD symptoms to the BIS-11 Attentional Impulsiveness subscale, β = .23, SE = .07, 95% CI [.09, .37]; DGI Physical Pleasures, β = -.24, SE = .07, 95% CI [-.38, -.11], and Achievement subscales, β = -.19, SE = .08, 95% CI [-.34, -.04]; and the SUPPS-P Positive Urgency, β = .22, SE = .08, 95% CI [.07, .37], and Negative Urgency subscales, β = .32, SE = .07, 95% CI [.19, .46]. These results have implications for precision medicine approaches that emphasize targeting these specific facets of impulsivity, with likely downstream effects on health risk behaviors for emerging adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin T Mahoney
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
- Lyda Hill Institute for Human Resilience, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Brigitta M Beck
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelly E Dixon
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Shantel D Horne
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Steven R Lawyer
- Department of Psychology, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
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Brighi A, Amadori A, Summerer K, Menin D. Prevalence and risk factors for nonconsensual distribution of intimate images among Italian young adults: Implications for prevention and intervention. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100414. [PMID: 37772270 PMCID: PMC10523183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonconsensual distribution of intimate images (NCII), also known as revenge porn, has become a significant social issue in recent years, with severe consequences for victims. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and predictors of NCII victimization among young Italian adults, focusing on the role of sexting, intimate partner violence (IPV), impulsivity, and self-disclosure. An online survey was conducted among a sample of 2047 Italian young adults (F = 29.3 %, M = 53.4 %, Not Indicated=16.9 %; mean age = 24.4, SD = 4.4) using a convenience sample recruited through internet. The survey included questions on NCII victimization, sexting behavior, sextortion, and IPV. Our findings showed that 33.9 % of respondents reported engaging in sexting behavior, with females being three times more likely to engage in sexting than males. Furthermore, 3.3 % of participants reported being victims of NCII, with over one-third of victims experiencing three or more types of NCII victimization. Multiple regression analysis revealed that sexting and IPV were significant predictors of NCII victimization, and the interaction effect between self-disclosure and impulsivity was also a significant predictor. This study contributes to the understanding of NCII in Italy and highlights the need for interventions and prevention strategies to address both NCII and IPV, given their strong continuity. The results also suggest that the relationship between self-disclosure, impulsivity, IPV, and NCII victimization is complex and requires further investigation, suggesting a scenario where the climate of violence may impair the victim's decision-making.
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Yang H, Zhou X, Xie L, Sun J. The effect of emotion regulation on emotional eating among undergraduate students in China: The chain mediating role of impulsivity and depressive symptoms. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280701. [PMID: 37319167 PMCID: PMC10270349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and emotional eating and the role of impulsivity and depressive symptoms in mediating this chain. Four hundred ninety-four undergraduate students participated in the study. A self-designed questionnaire was used in the survey from February 6 to 13, 2022, to finish our purpose, including the Emotional Eating Scale (EES-R), Depression Scale (CES-D), Short Version of the Impulsivity Behavior Scale (UPPS-P) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). The results showed that 1) difficulties in emotion regulation, impulsivity, depressive symptoms, and emotional eating were correlated; 2) impulsivity and depressive symptoms separately mediated the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and emotional eating; 3) impulsivity and depressive symptoms played a chain mediating role between difficulties in emotion regulation and emotional eating. The current study provided a better understanding of the psychologically related pathway of emotional eating. The results would be helpful for prevention and intervention of emotional eating among undergraduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Longjiao Xie
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Vintilă M, Lăzărescu GM, Kalaitzaki A, Tudorel OI, Goian C. Fake news during the war in Ukraine: coping strategies and fear of war in the general population of Romania and in aid workers. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1151794. [PMID: 37251050 PMCID: PMC10213335 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1151794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In addition to the health crisis that erupted during the COVID-19 pandemic, the war between Russia and Ukraine is impacting the mental health and wellbeing of the Romanian population in a negative way. Objectives This study sets out to investigate the impact that social media consumption and an overload of information related to the armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine is having on the distribution of fake news among Romanians. In addition, it explores the way in which several psychological features, including resilience, general health, perceived stress, coping strategies, and fear of war, change as a function of exposure to traumatic events or interaction with victims of war. Methods Participants (N = 633) completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the CERQ scale with its nine subscales, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the BRS scale (Brief Resilience Scale), the last of which measures resilience. Information overload, information strain and the likelihood of the person concerned spreading fake news were assessed by adapting items related to these variables. Findings Our results suggest that information strain partially moderates the relationship between information overload and the tendency to spread false information. Also, they indicate that information strain partially moderates the relationship between time spent online and the tendency to spread false information. Furthermore, our findings imply that there are differences of high and moderate significance between those who worked with refugees and those who did not as regards fear of war and coping strategies. We found no practical differences between the two groups as regards general health, level of resilience and perceived stress. Conclusion and recommendations The importance of discovering the reasons why people share false information is discussed, as is the need to adopt strategies to combat this behavior, including infographics and games designed to teach people how to detect fake news. At the same time, aid workers need to be further supported to maintain a high level of psychological wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Vintilă
- Faculty of Sociology and Psychology, West University of Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | | | - Argyroula Kalaitzaki
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Otilia Ioana Tudorel
- Faculty of Sociology and Psychology, West University of Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Cosmin Goian
- Faculty of Sociology and Psychology, West University of Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
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Mahoney CT, Lawyer SR, Pemberton SE, Marchant KM. A laboratory examination of risky sexual behavior among female sexual trauma survivors. J Trauma Stress 2022; 35:1783-1791. [PMID: 35867981 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sexual violence against women is highly prevalent on college campuses. Survivors of sexual violence often engage in coping strategies such as risky sexual behavior. The present study used a behavioral task to measure sexual risk-taking following experiences of positive or negative affect and an emotion suppression experimental manipulation. Sexually active adult female undergraduates (N = 175) completed measures of sexual traumatization and affective experiences as well as an autobiographical recall task and a delay discounting task for hypothetical sexual outcomes. Half of the participants (n = 87) were asked to suppress their emotional response to the autobiographical recall task. The findings indicate that sexual traumatization had a significant effect on risky sexual decision-making, F(1, 167) = 23.27, p < .001, ηp 2 = .12, but affective condition, F(1, 167) = .57, p = .451, and emotion suppression, F(1, 167) = .69, p = .412, exhibited no significant associations with sexual risk-taking. These findings suggest other factors may underlie the association between sexual trauma and risky sexual behavior, but further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin T Mahoney
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA.,Lyda Hill Institute for Human Resilience, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Steven R Lawyer
- Department of Psychology, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
| | | | - Kaitlyn M Marchant
- Elisabeth Haub School of Law, Pace University, White Plains, New York, USA
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Personality as a Possible Intervention Target to Prevent Traumatic Events in Adolescence. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12040090. [PMID: 35447662 PMCID: PMC9031006 DOI: 10.3390/bs12040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic events (severe injury, violence, threatened death) are commonly experienced by children. Such events are associated with a dose-response increasing risk of subsequent substance use, mental illness, chronic disease, and premature mortality. Preventing the accumulation of traumatic events is thus an urgent public health priority. Substance use risk personality profiles (impulsivity, sensation seeking, hopelessness, and anxiety sensitivity) may be an important target for preventing trauma exposure, given associations between these personality traits and risky behaviour, substance misuse, and injuries across adolescence. The current study aimed to investigate associations between personality at age 13 and the number of traumatic events experienced by age 18. It also examined associations between traumas before age 13 and personality at age 13. Participants were the control group of a cluster-randomised controlled trial examining prevention of adolescent alcohol misuse. Baseline data were collected at ages 12–13 (2012). Participants were followed-up at ages 18–19 (2017–2018). Personality profiles of hopelessness, anxiety sensitivity, impulsivity, and sensation seeking were measured at baseline using the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale. Traumatic events and age of exposure were measured at age 18–19 using the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5. Mixed-effect regression was conducted on 287 participants in Stata 17, controlling for sex. High scores on hopelessness, impulsivity, and sensation seeking at age 13 were associated with a greater number of traumatic events by age 18. Impulsivity and sensation seeking predicted the number of new traumatic events from age 13 to 18. Prior trauma exposure was associated with high hopelessness at age 13. Adolescents exhibiting high impulsivity or sensation seeking may be at greater risk of experiencing traumatic events. Additionally, early trauma exposure may contribute to the development of a hopelessness personality trait.
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Papale LA, Madrid A, Zhang Q, Chen K, Sak L, Keleş S, Alisch RS. Gene by environment interaction mouse model reveals a functional role for 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in neurodevelopmental disorders. Genome Res 2022; 32:266-279. [PMID: 34949667 PMCID: PMC8805724 DOI: 10.1101/gr.276137.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mouse knockouts of Cntnap2 show altered neurodevelopmental behavior, deficits in striatal GABAergic signaling, and a genome-wide disruption of an environmentally sensitive DNA methylation modification (5-hydroxymethylcytosine [5hmC]) in the orthologs of a significant number of genes implicated in human neurodevelopmental disorders. We tested adult Cntnap2 heterozygous mice (Cntnap2 +/-; lacking behavioral or neuropathological abnormalities) subjected to a prenatal stress and found that prenatally stressed Cntnap2 +/- female mice show repetitive behaviors and altered sociability, similar to the homozygote phenotype. Genomic profiling revealed disruptions in hippocampal and striatal 5hmC levels that are correlated to altered transcript levels of genes linked to these phenotypes (e.g., Reln, Dst, Trio, and Epha5). Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing and hippocampal nuclear lysate pull-down data indicated that 5hmC abundance alters the binding of the transcription factor CLOCK near the promoters of these genes (e.g., Palld, Gigyf1, and Fry), providing a mechanistic role for 5hmC in gene regulation. Together, these data support gene-by-environment hypotheses for the origins of mental illness and provide a means to identify the elusive factors contributing to complex human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia A Papale
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
| | - Andy Madrid
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Kailei Chen
- Department of Statistics, Biostatistics, and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
| | - Lara Sak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
| | - Sündüz Keleş
- Department of Statistics, Biostatistics, and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
| | - Reid S Alisch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
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8
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Trauma and Emotion Regulation: Associations with Depressive Symptoms and Cocaine Use among Treatment-seeking Adults. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00713-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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9
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Albertella L, Rotaru K, Christensen E, Lowe A, Brierley ME, Richardson K, Chamberlain SR, Lee RSC, Kayayan E, Grant JE, Schluter-Hughes S, Ince C, Fontenelle LF, Segrave R, Yücel M. The Influence of Trait Compulsivity and Impulsivity on Addictive and Compulsive Behaviors During COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:634583. [PMID: 33708147 PMCID: PMC7940765 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.634583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in high levels of psychological distress worldwide, with experts expressing concern that this could result in corresponding increases in addictive behaviors as individuals seek to cope with their distress. Further, some individuals may be at greater risk than others for developing problematic addictive behaviors during times of high stress, such as individuals with high trait impulsivity and compulsivity. Despite the potential of such knowledge to inform early detection of risk, no study to date has examined the influence of trait impulsivity and compulsivity on addictive behaviors during COVID-19. Toward this aim, the current study examined the association between impulsive and compulsive traits and problematic addictive and compulsive behaviors during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Australia. Methods: Eight hundred seventy-eight adults completed a cross-sectional online survey during the first lockdown, between late May to June 2020. Participants completed scales for addictive and compulsive behaviors for the period prior to and during lockdown for problematic eating, pornography, internet use, gambling, drinking, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Negative binomial regressions examined the associations between impulsivity, compulsivity, and their interaction with problematic behaviors during lockdown, controlling for age, gender, sample, psychological distress, exposure to COVID-related stressors, and pre-COVID problems. Results: Greater trait compulsivity was associated with more problematic obsessive-compulsive behaviors (p < 0.001) and less problematic drinking (p = 0.038) during lockdown. Further, trait compulsivity interacted with trait impulsivity in relation to problematic eating behaviors (p = 0.014) such that greater trait compulsivity was associated with more problems among individuals with low impulsivity only (p = 0.030). Finally, psychological distress and/or exposure to COVID-related stressors were associated with greater problems across all addictive and compulsive behaviors, as was severity of pre-COVID problems. Discussion: Trait compulsivity was associated with addictive and compulsive behaviors in different ways. Further, the finding that stress-related variables (psychological distress and COVID-related stressors) were associated with greater problems across all lockdown behaviors supports the idea that stress may facilitate, or otherwise be associated with, problematic behaviors. These findings highlight the need for interventions that enhance resilience to stress, which in turn may reduce risk for addictive and compulsive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Albertella
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristian Rotaru
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Monash Business School, Monash University, Caulfield, VIC, Australia
| | - Erynn Christensen
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Amelia Lowe
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mary-Ellen Brierley
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Karyn Richardson
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Rico S. C. Lee
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Edouard Kayayan
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jon E. Grant
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sam Schluter-Hughes
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Campbell Ince
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Leonardo F. Fontenelle
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Obsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rebecca Segrave
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Leclair MC, Lemieux AJ, Roy L, Martin MS, Latimer EA, Crocker AG. Pathways to Recovery among Homeless People with Mental Illness: Is Impulsiveness Getting in the Way? CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2020; 65:473-483. [PMID: 31763933 PMCID: PMC7297503 DOI: 10.1177/0706743719885477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the association between impulsiveness and six dimensions of recovery among homeless people with mental illness. METHOD The sample was composed of 418 participants of a randomized controlled trial of Housing First, a recovery-oriented program that provides immediate access to permanent housing. The reliable change index method was used to provide an estimate of the statistical and clinical significance of the change from baseline to 24 months (i.e., clinically meaningful improvement), on outcomes that pertain to recovery dimensions: psychiatric symptoms (clinical), physical health and substance use problems (physical), residential stability (functional), arrests (criminological), community integration (social), and hope and personal confidence (existential). We tested for the effect of impulsiveness, assessed with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, on clinically meaningful improvement on each specific outcome, adjusting for age, gender and intervention assignment, as both intervention arms were included in the analysis. RESULTS For every increase in total impulsiveness score by one standard deviation, the odds of experiencing clinically meaningful improvement decreased by 29% (OR = 0.71, 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.91) on the clinical dimension and by 53% (OR = 0.47, 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.68) on the existential dimension. However, changes in outcomes pertaining to physical, functional, criminological, and social dimensions were not significantly influenced by impulsiveness. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of addressing impulsiveness in the context of recovery-oriented interventions for homeless people with mental illness. Further research may be required to improve interventions that are responsive to unique needs of impulsive individuals to support clinical and existential recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marichelle C. Leclair
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec,
Canada
- Institut national de psychiatrie légale Philippe-Pinel, Montréal,
Québec, Canada
| | - Ashley J. Lemieux
- Institut national de psychiatrie légale Philippe-Pinel, Montréal,
Québec, Canada
- School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec,
Canada
| | - Laurence Roy
- Institut national de psychiatrie légale Philippe-Pinel, Montréal,
Québec, Canada
- School of Physical & Occupational Therapy, McGill University,
Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec,
Canada
| | - Michael S. Martin
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa,
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric A. Latimer
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec,
Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec,
Canada
| | - Anne G. Crocker
- Institut national de psychiatrie légale Philippe-Pinel, Montréal,
Québec, Canada
- School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec,
Canada
- Department of Psychiatry & Addictions, Université de Montréal,
Montréal, Québec, Canada
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11
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Shebuski K, Bowie J, Ashby JS. Self‐Compassion, Trait Resilience, and Trauma Exposure in Undergraduate Students. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE COUNSELING 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jocc.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Shebuski
- Department of Counseling and Psychological ServicesGeorgia State University
| | - Jhodi‐Ann Bowie
- Department of Counseling and Psychological ServicesGeorgia State University
- Now at Department of Sociology, Psychology and Social WorkUniversity of the West Indies Mona Kingston Jamaica
| | - Jeffrey S. Ashby
- Department of Counseling and Psychological ServicesGeorgia State University
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12
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Ceschi G, Selosse G, Nixon RDV, Metcalf O, Forbes D. Posttraumatic anger: a confirmatory factor analysis of the Dimensions of Anger Reactions Scale-5 (DAR-5) - French adaptation. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1731127. [PMID: 32194923 PMCID: PMC7067169 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1731127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Research has shown that posttraumatic anger is common after a traumatic experience, represents a risk factor for post-trauma psychopathology, and can be screened for using the Dimensions of Anger Reactions Scale-5 (DAR-5), a concise five-item measure. However, a French version of the DAR-5 is not yet available. Objective: We aimed to provide a French adaptation (DAR-5-F) and to replicate, in a French community sample, the psychometric properties of the original DAR-5. Method: After translation using transcultural psychometric principles, the DAR-5-F was presented to 822 fluent French speakers alongside validated scales of anger (State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), alcohol misuse (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption), and trauma exposure (Life Events Checklist-5). Results: Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed that DAR-5-F scores fit a single-factor model as described with the English version of the scale. The scale showed noteworthy internal consistency and robust convergent validity with trait anger. The screening DAR-5-F cut-off of ≥12 successfully differentiated high from low scores of STAXI-2, anxiety, depression, and traumatic exposure. Conclusions: The DAR-5 is a robust, psychometrically strong brief scale of anger useful for post-trauma screening, with the DAR-5-F now available for use in French-speaking populations. Future research that examines relationships between the DAR-5-F and variables such as trauma severity and posttraumatic stress symptoms will further improve our understanding of these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Ceschi
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Garance Selosse
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Reginald D V Nixon
- Phoenix Australia: Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Olivia Metcalf
- Phoenix Australia: Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Forbes
- Phoenix Australia: Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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13
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Kucharska J. Cumulative trauma, gender discrimination and mental health in women: mediating role of self-esteem. J Ment Health 2017; 27:416-423. [PMID: 29260963 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2017.1417548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Kucharska
- School of Psychotherapy and Psychology, Regent’s University London, London, UK
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14
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Telomere length in alcohol dependence: A role for impulsive choice and childhood maltreatment. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 83:72-78. [PMID: 28599145 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Telomere shortening, a marker of cellular aging, has been considered to be linked with psychosocial stress as well as with chronic alcohol consumption, possibly mediated by oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Recent findings suggested that early life adversity on telomere dynamics may be related to impulsive choice. To further our understanding of the association of impulsive choice and childhood trauma on telomere length, we examined whether delayed discounting and childhood trauma or their interaction is related to leukocyte telomere length, while controlling for multiple potential confounding variables, in patients with alcohol dependence who are considered to have higher impulsive choice and shorter telomere length. We recruited 253 male patients with chronic alcohol dependence. All participants performed the delay discounting task, and the area under curve was used as a measure of delay discounting. Steeper delay discounting represents more impulsive choices. The modified Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale was used to measure childhood maltreatment. In addition, confounding factors, including socio-demographic characteristics, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, the Resilience Quotient, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory, were also assessed. Hierarchical regression analyses showed a significant main effect of delay discounting (β=0.161, t=2.640, p=0.009), and an interaction effect between delay discounting and childhood maltreatment on leukocyte telomere length (β=0.173, t=2.138, p=0.034). In subsequent analyses stratified by childhood maltreatment, patients with alcohol dependence and high childhood trauma showed a significant relationship between delay discounting and leukocyte telomere length (β=0.279, t=3.183, p=0.002), while those with low trauma showed no association between them. Our findings suggest that higher impulsive choice is associated with shorter telomere length, and childhood trauma may exert a moderating effect in the relationship between impulsive choice and telomere length.
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Johnson SL, Tharp JA, Peckham AD, Carver CS, Haase CM. A path model of different forms of impulsivity with externalizing and internalizing psychopathology: Towards greater specificity. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 56:235-252. [PMID: 28493489 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A growing empirical literature indicates that emotion-related impulsivity (compared to impulsivity that is unrelated to emotion) is particularly relevant for understanding a broad range of psychopathologies. Recent work, however, has differentiated two forms of emotion-related impulsivity: A factor termed Pervasive Influence of Feelings captures tendencies for emotions (mostly negative emotions) to quickly shape thoughts, and a factor termed Feelings Trigger Action captures tendencies for positive and negative emotions to quickly and reflexively shape behaviour and speech. This study used path modelling to consider links from emotion-related and non-emotion-related impulsivity to a broad range of psychopathologies. DESIGN AND METHODS Undergraduates completed self-report measures of impulsivity, depression, anxiety, aggression, and substance use symptoms. RESULTS A path model (N = 261) indicated specificity of these forms of impulsivity. Pervasive Influence of Feelings was related to anxiety and depression, whereas Feelings Trigger Action and non-emotion-related impulsivity were related to aggression and substance use. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that emotion-relevant impulsivity could be a potentially important treatment target for a set of psychopathologies. PRACTITIONER POINTS Recent work has differentiated two forms of emotion-related impulsivity. This study tests a multivariate path model linking emotion-related and non-emotion-related impulsivity with multiple forms of psychopathology. Impulsive thoughts in response to negative emotions were related to anxiety and depression. Impulsive actions in response to emotions were related to aggression and substance use, as did non-emotion-related impulsivity. The study was limited by the reliance on self-report measures of impulsivity and psychopathology. There is a need for longitudinal work on how these forms of impulsivity predict the onset and course of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri L Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jordan A Tharp
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Andrew D Peckham
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Charles S Carver
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Claudia M Haase
- School of Education and Social Policy and (by courtesy) Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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