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Yi W, Wang Q, Xue Y, Cao H, Zhuang R, Li D, Yan J, Yang J, Xia Y, Zhang F. Xylo-oligosaccharides improve functional constipation by targeted enrichment of Bifidobacterium. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1119-1132. [PMID: 38370040 PMCID: PMC10867466 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional constipation (FC) has a negative impact on patients' quality of life. We hypothesized that dietary supplementation with xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) or fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) would improve constipation symptoms by influencing the gut microbiota. A randomized double-blind controlled trial was conducted in FC patients. Patients were randomly divided into 6 groups and given a dietary supplement containing XOS at doses of 3, 5, or 10 g/day, FOS at doses of 10 and 20 g/day, or placebo at 5 g/day for one month. We compared improvements in gastrointestinal function after the intervention using the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS), Cleveland Clinic Constipation Score (CCCS), and Quality of Life Scale for Patients with Constipation (PAC-QoL). 16S rRNA sequencing was used to assess changes in the structure of the gut microbiota. Changes in individual bacteria had significant effects in reducing gastrointestinal symptoms during the intervention, even though the flora structure remained unchanged from baseline. Compared to FOS, XOS enriched Bifidobacterium at a lower dose, and patients receiving XOS supplementation showed significant improvements in constipation symptoms without side effects such as diarrhea and flatulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanya Yi
- Department of NutritionAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- Wuxi School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Qinyue Wang
- Department of NutritionAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- Functional Food Clinical Evaluation CenterAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Yuzheng Xue
- Department of GastroenterologyAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of NutritionAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- Functional Food Clinical Evaluation CenterAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- Department of EndocrinologyAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Ruijuan Zhuang
- Department of GeriatricsAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Dan Li
- Department of NutritionAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- Functional Food Clinical Evaluation CenterAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Jiai Yan
- Department of NutritionAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- Functional Food Clinical Evaluation CenterAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Ju Yang
- Department of NutritionAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- Functional Food Clinical Evaluation CenterAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Yanping Xia
- Department of NutritionAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- Functional Food Clinical Evaluation CenterAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of NutritionAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- Wuxi School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- Functional Food Clinical Evaluation CenterAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., LtdYixing, WuxiChina
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The Special Issue on “The Nutritional Value of Pulses and Whole Grains”: A Continued Endeavor to Delineate Their Benefits for Today and Addressing the Challenges of the Future. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163381. [PMID: 36014887 PMCID: PMC9416299 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary patterns are increasingly focusing on the interplay between nutritional adequacy, reduction of chronic disease, and environmental sustainability [...]
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A high-fibre personalised dietary advice given via a web tool reduces constipation complaints in adults. J Nutr Sci 2022; 11:e31. [PMID: 35573462 PMCID: PMC9066321 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation can greatly impact the quality of life (QoL), which can be relieved by dietary fibres; however, preserving a higher fibre intake remains a challenge. We investigated the effects of a personalised dietary advice (PDA) on fibre intake and mild constipation complaints. A total number of twenty-five adults with mild constipation complaints were included in a 4-week observation period followed by a 4-week personalised intervention. The PDA provided high-fibre alternatives via a web tool. In weeks 1, 4 and 8, dietary intake, constipation complaints and QoL were assessed. Furthermore, participants collected a faecal sample at weeks 1, 4 and 8 to determine microbiota diversity and composition, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Participants completed questions daily for 8 weeks regarding abdominal complaints, stool frequency and stool consistency. Fibre intake in week 8 was significantly higher compared to week 1 (Δ = 5·7 ± 6·7 g, P < 0·001) and week 4 (Δ = 5·2 ± 6·4 g, P < 0·001). Constipation severity and QoL significantly improved at week 8 compared to the observation period (P < 0·001). A higher fibre intake significantly reduced constipation severity (β = -0·031 (-0·05; -0·01), P = 0·001) and the QoL (β = -0·022 (-0·04; -0·01), P = 0·009). Stool consistency (P = 0·040) and abdominal pain (P = 0·030) improved significantly during the intervention period (P = 0·040), but stool frequency did not. Average microbial alpha diversity and composition and SCFA concentrations did not change over time, but indicated individual-specific dynamics. Several SCFAs were associated with constipation complaints. To conclude, a PDA effectively increased fibre intake and subsequently reduced constipation complaints, indicating that guided dietary adjustments are important and feasible in the treatment of mild constipation complaints.
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Key Words
- BMI, body mass index
- Constipation
- Dietary fibre
- EMA, ecological momentary assessment
- FFQ, food frequency questionnaire
- Functional bowel disorders
- IBS-C, Irritable Bowel Syndrome constipation predominant
- MET, metabolic equivalent task
- PAC-QoL, Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life
- PAC-SYM, Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms
- PDA, personalised dietary advice
- Personalised nutrition
- QoL, quality of life
- Quality of life
- SQUASH, short questionnaire to assess health-enhancing physical activity
- VAS, visual analogue scale
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Faba Bean: An Untapped Source of Quality Plant Proteins and Bioactives. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081541. [PMID: 35458103 PMCID: PMC9025908 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Faba beans are emerging as sustainable quality plant protein sources, with the potential to help meet the growing global demand for more nutritious and healthy foods. The faba bean, in addition to its high protein content and well-balanced amino acid profile, contains bioactive constituents with health-enhancing properties, including bioactive peptides, phenolic compounds, GABA, and L-DOPA. Faba bean peptides released after gastrointestinal digestion have shown antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, cholesterol-lowering, and anti-inflammatory effects, indicating a strong potential for this legume crop to be used as a functional food to help face the increasing incidences of non-communicable diseases. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current body of knowledge on the nutritional and biofunctional qualities of faba beans, with a particular focus on protein-derived bioactive peptides and how they are affected by food processing. It further covers the adverse health effects of faba beans associated with the presence of anti-nutrients and potential allergens, and it outlines research gaps and needs.
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Beke M, Burns AM, Weir S, Solch RJ, Judkins TC, Nieves C, Langkamp-Henken B. Validation of a novel quality of life questionnaire: the Digestion-associated Quality of Life Questionnaire (DQLQ). Health Qual Life Outcomes 2022; 20:53. [PMID: 35346230 PMCID: PMC8962596 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-022-01956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few health-related quality of life (QOL) questionnaires are designed specifically for healthy populations and are specific to gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms even though healthy individuals may frequently experience gas, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a tool that could assess the impact of GI symptoms on digestion-associated QOL in otherwise healthy individuals. Methods After a review of current literature and with input from experienced GI researchers, a 24-item questionnaire was created. The questionnaire was reduced to 9 items with input from focus groups comprised of healthy adults experiencing GI-related symptoms and through variability analysis. The Digestion-associated QOL Questionnaire (DQLQ) was designed to be sensitive to the physical and mental well-being changes that may occur due to GI symptoms. The DQLQ was assessed for internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha; McDonald’s omega), test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC), and construct validity (Pearson correlations) in a study with healthy, academically stressed, undergraduate students. Convergent validity was evaluated by correlating the DQLQ with gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS) scores. Divergent validity was assessed by correlating DQLQ scores with stress scores, and bowel satisfaction scores. Results A total of 594 students (age 18–30 years) completed the DQLQ. Internal consistency reliability was favorable (n = 594; α = 0.84, ω = 0.84). A high level of agreement and correlation between DQLQ scores was found with the test–retest reliability analysis (n = 273; ICC = 0.89). The questionnaire was shown to have good convergent validity through correlation with the GSRS (n = 594; r = 0.54). Divergent validity was also shown to be appropriate by correlating DQLQ scores with stress (n = 592; r = 0.13, p < 0.005), and bowel satisfaction (n = 592; r = 0.18, p < 0.001) scores. Conclusion The DQLQ is a reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing digestion-associated QOL in healthy individuals.
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Miller KB, Grafenauer SJ, Martikainen J. Nutrition economics: Four analyses supporting the case for whole grain consumption. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nakamura Y, Suzuki S, Murakami S, Nishimoto Y, Higashi K, Watarai N, Umetsu J, Ishii C, Ito Y, Mori Y, Kohno M, Yamada T, Fukuda S. Integrated gut microbiome and metabolome analyses identified fecal biomarkers for bowel movement regulation by Bifidobacterium longum BB536 supplementation: A RCT. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:5847-5858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Otani K, Watanabe T, Takahashi K, Nadatani Y, Fukunaga S, Hosomi S, Tanaka F, Kamata N, Taira K, Nagami Y, Kimura T, Fukumoto S, Kawada N, Fujiwara Y. Prevalence and risk factors of functional constipation in the Rome IV criteria during a medical check-up in Japan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:2157-2164. [PMID: 33555082 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Functional constipation (FC) is one of the functional bowel disorders with symptoms of constipation in the Rome IV criteria. This study aimed to examine the epidemiology of FC in a large-scale survey of individuals undergoing a medical check-up in Japan. METHODS A total of 13 729 subjects who underwent a medical check-up at MedCity21 between April 2018 and March 2019 were given a questionnaire that inquired about bowel habits. Among them, 10 658 subjects participated in this study, and FC was diagnosed based on the Rome IV criteria. RESULTS The number of subjects who fulfilled diagnostic criteria of FC was 220, and the prevalence of FC was 2.1%. Compared with subjects with non-FC, those with FC were more complaining of abdominal bloating and distension, feeling stressed, getting annoyed, lack of motivation, fatigue upon waking, and feeling depressed. The risk of FC was significantly lower among subjects who drank alcohol more than 5 days a week, exercised for more than 30 min at least twice a week for more than 1 year, and were getting enough rest by sleeping, whereas it was significantly higher among women and subjects who were eating faster than other people. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of FC in Japanese subjects during a medical check-up was relatively low compared with that in Western countries. Subjects with FC had troublesome symptoms, and it might be suggested that female sex, lack of regular exercise with moderate activity, insufficient rest by sleeping, and eating faster were a risk of FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Otani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kanae Takahashi
- Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Nadatani
- Premier Preventive Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shusei Fukunaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Hosomi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumio Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Taira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Nagami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kimura
- Premier Preventive Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukumoto
- Premier Preventive Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Premier Preventive Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Dietary fiber and the microbiota: A narrative review by a group of experts from the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2021; 86:287-304. [PMID: 34144942 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fiber intake is one of the most influential and efficacious strategies for modulating the gut microbiota. Said fiber can be digested by the microbiota itself, producing numerous metabolites, which include the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs have local and systemic functions that impact the composition and function of the gut microbiota, and consequently, human health. The aim of the present narrative review was to provide a document that serves as a frame of reference for a clear understanding of dietary fiber and its direct and indirect effects on health. The direct benefits of dietary fiber intake can be dependent on or independent of the gut microbiota. The use of dietary fiber by the gut microbiota involves several factors, including the fiber's physiochemical characteristics. Dietary fiber type influences the gut microbiota because not all bacterial species have the same capacity to produce the enzymes needed for its degradation. A low-fiber diet can affect the balance of the SCFAs produced. Dietary fiber indirectly benefits cardiometabolic health, digestive health, certain functional gastrointestinal disorders, and different diseases.
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Abreu Y Abreu AT, Milke-García MP, Argüello-Arévalo GA, Calderón-de la Barca AM, Carmona-Sánchez RI, Consuelo-Sánchez A, Coss-Adame E, García-Cedillo MF, Hernández-Rosiles V, Icaza-Chávez ME, Martínez-Medina JN, Morán-Ramos S, Ochoa-Ortiz E, Reyes-Apodaca M, Rivera-Flores RL, Zamarripa-Dorsey F, Zárate-Mondragón F, Vázquez-Frias R. Dietary fiber and the microbiota: A narrative review by a group of experts from the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2021. [PMID: 34088566 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber intake is one of the most influential and efficacious strategies for modulating the gut microbiota. Said fiber can be digested by the microbiota itself, producing numerous metabolites, which include the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs have local and systemic functions that impact the composition and function of the gut microbiota, and consequently, human health. The aim of the present narrative review was to provide a document that serves as a frame of reference for a clear understanding of dietary fiber and its direct and indirect effects on health. The direct benefits of dietary fiber intake can be dependent on or independent of the gut microbiota. The use of dietary fiber by the gut microbiota involves several factors, including the fiber's physiochemical characteristics. Dietary fiber type influences the gut microbiota because not all bacterial species have the same capacity to produce the enzymes needed for its degradation. A low-fiber diet can affect the balance of the SCFAs produced. Dietary fiber indirectly benefits cardiometabolic health, digestive health, certain functional gastrointestinal disorders, and different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M P Milke-García
- Dirección de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - G A Argüello-Arévalo
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A M Calderón-de la Barca
- Departamento Nutrición y Metabolismo, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | | | - A Consuelo-Sánchez
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Salud Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - E Coss-Adame
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M F García-Cedillo
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - V Hernández-Rosiles
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Salud Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - J N Martínez-Medina
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones aplicada a la Salud, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, México
| | - S Morán-Ramos
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones aplicada a la Salud, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - M Reyes-Apodaca
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Salud Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - R L Rivera-Flores
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Gastro-Hepatología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - F Zamarripa-Dorsey
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Juárez de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - F Zárate-Mondragón
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
| | - R Vázquez-Frias
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Salud Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México.
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Acquah C, Ohemeng-Boahen G, Power KA, Tosh SM. The Effect of Processing on Bioactive Compounds and Nutritional Qualities of Pulses in Meeting the Sustainable Development Goal 2. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.681662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversification of plant-based food sources is necessary to improve global food and nutritional security. Pulses have enormous nutritional and health benefits in preventing malnutrition and chronic diseases while contributing positively to reducing environmental footprint. Pulses are rich in diverse nutritional and non-nutritional constituents which can be classified as bioactive compounds due to their biological effect. These bioactive compounds include but are not limited to proteins, dietary fibres, resistant starch, polyphenols, saponins, lectins, phytic acids, and enzyme inhibitors. While these compounds are of importance in ensuring food and nutritional security, some of the bioactive constituents have ambivalent properties. These properties include having antioxidant, anti-hypertensive and prebiotic effects. Others have a deleterious effect of decreasing the digestibility and/or bioavailability of essential nutrients and are therefore termed antinutritional factors/compounds. Various processing techniques exist to reduce the content of antinutritional factors found in pulses. Traditional processing of pulses comprises soaking, dehulling, milling, germination, fermentation, and boiling, while examples of emerging processing techniques include microwaving, extrusion, and micronization. These processing techniques can be tailored to purpose and pulse type to achieve desired results. Herein, the nutritional qualities and properties of bioactive compounds found in pulses in meeting the sustainable development goals are presented. It also discusses the effect of processing techniques on the nutritional and non-nutritional constituents in pulses as well as the health and environmental benefits of pulse-diet consumption. Major challenges linked to pulses that could limit their potential of being ideal crops in meeting the sustainable development goal 2 agenda are highlighted.
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Ibba MI, Juliana P, Hernández-Espinosa N, Posadas-Romano G, Dreisigacker S, Sehgal D, Crespo-Herrera L, Singh R, Guzmán C. Genome-wide association analysis for arabinoxylan content in common wheat (T. Aestivum L.) flour. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Fruits come in a wide variety of colors, shapes, and flavors. This chapter will cover selected fruits that are known to be healthy and highly nutritious. These fruits were chosen due to their common usage and availability. Since it is not possible to cover all health benefits or essential nutrients and important phytochemicals of the fruit composition, this chapter will focus on the key valuable constituents and their potential health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan G Mohammed
- Qatar Research Leadership Program (QRLP), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - M Walid Qoronfleh
- Research & Policy Department, World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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Jones JPH, Abdullah MMH, Wood D, Jones PJH. Economic modeling for improved prediction of saving estimates in healthcare costs from consumption of healthy foods: the Mediterranean-style diet case study. Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:3418. [PMID: 31565041 PMCID: PMC6756079 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.3418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background By design, existing scenario-based nutrition economics studies on the financial benefits of healthy dietary behaviors generally report uncertainty in inputs and wide ranges of outcome estimates. Objectives This modeling exercise aimed to establish precision in prediction of the potential healthcare cost savings that would follow a reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) consistent with an increase in adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet (MedDiet). Design Using a Monte Carlo simulation model on a cost-of-illness analysis assessing MedDiet adherence, CVD incidence reduction, and healthcare cost savings in the United States and Canada, short- and long-term cost savings that are likely to accrue to the American and Canadian healthcare systems were estimated using 20 and 80% increases in MedDiet adherence scenarios. Results Increasing percentage of population adhering to a MedDiet by 20% beyond the current adherence level produced annual savings in CVD-related costs of US$8.2 billion (95% confidence interval [CI], $7.5-$8.8 billion) in the United States and Can$0.32 billion (95% CI, $0.29-$0.34 billion) in Canada. An 80% increase in adherence resulted in savings equal to US$31 billion (95% CI, $28.6-$33.3 billion) and Can$1.2 billion (95% CI, $1.11-$1.30 billion) in each respective country. Conclusion Computational techniques with stochastic parameter inputs, such as the Monte Carlo simulation, could be an effective way of incorporating variability of modeling parameters in nutrition economics studies for improved precision in estimating the monetary value of healthy eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter J H Jones
- Nutritional Fundamentals for Health, Vaudreuil-Dorion, QC, Canada
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Nshimyumukiza L, Lieffers JRL, Ekwaru JP, Ohinmaa A, Veugelers PJ. Temporal changes in diet quality and the associated economic burden in Canada. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206877. [PMID: 30408076 PMCID: PMC6224068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-quality diet is associated with a reduced of risk of chronic disease and all-cause mortality. In this study, we assessed changes in diet quality and the associated economic burden in the Canadian population between 2004 and 2015. We used a prevalence-based cost-of-illness approach. We first calculated the diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index-Canada-2010 (HEI-C-2010) and 24-hour recall data from the Canadian Community Health Surveys (CCHS) on nutrition (CCHS 2004 cycle 2.2 and the CCHS-NU 2015). We then retrieved relative risks of HEI-2010 quintiles for chronic diseases from meta-analyses. Based on the proportions of the population following diets of varying qualities and these relative risks, we computed the population-attributable fractions and attributable costs (direct health care and indirect costs) by survey year (2004 and 2015) as well as by age and sex group. Costs were estimated in 2017 Canadian dollars for comparison purposes. We observed that on average the diet quality of Canadians improved between 2004 and 2015: the proportion of the Canadian population that did not eat a diet of high quality decreased from 83% to 76%. This improvement in diet quality translated in a decrease in economic burden of $133 million, down from $13.21 billion in 2004 to $13.08 billion in 2015. The economic burden decreased by $219 million among males but increased by $86 million among females. It also decreased among people under the age of 65 years ($333 million) but increased among those over 65 years ($ 200 million). Our findings suggest that, despite some temporal improvements, the diet of the majority of Canadians is of poor quality resulting in a high attributable economic burden. Policy and decision makers are encouraged to expand nutrition programs and policies and to specifically target the elderly in order to prevent chronic diseases and reduce health care costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léon Nshimyumukiza
- Population Health Intervention Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jessica R. L. Lieffers
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - John Paul Ekwaru
- Population Health Intervention Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Arto Ohinmaa
- Population Health Intervention Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul J. Veugelers
- Population Health Intervention Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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16
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Are disclosures in nutrition research really any different? Br J Nutr 2018; 120:481-483. [PMID: 30060772 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518001915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Fayet-Moore F, George A, Cassettari T, Yulin L, Tuck K, Pezzullo L. Healthcare Expenditure and Productivity Cost Savings from Reductions in Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Associated with Increased Intake of Cereal Fibre among Australian Adults: A Cost of Illness Analysis. Nutrients 2018; 10:E34. [PMID: 29301298 PMCID: PMC5793262 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
An ageing population and growing prevalence of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are putting increased pressure on healthcare expenditure in Australia. A cost of illness analysis was conducted to assess the potential savings in healthcare expenditure and productivity costs associated with lower prevalence of CVD and T2D resulting from increased intake of cereal fibre. Modelling was undertaken for three levels of increased dietary fibre intake using cereal fibre: a 10% increase in total dietary fibre; an increase to the Adequate Intake; and an increase to the Suggested Dietary Target. Total healthcare expenditure and productivity cost savings associated with reduced CVD and T2D were calculated by gender, socioeconomic status, baseline dietary fibre intake, and population uptake. Total combined annual healthcare expenditure and productivity cost savings of AUD$17.8 million-$1.6 billion for CVD and AUD$18.2 million-$1.7 billion for T2D were calculated. Total savings were generally larger among adults of lower socioeconomic status and those with lower dietary fibre intakes. Given the substantial healthcare expenditure and productivity cost savings that could be realised through increases in cereal fibre, there is cause for the development of interventions and policies that encourage an increase in cereal fibre intake in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Fayet-Moore
- Nutrition Research Australia, Level 13 167 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
| | - Alice George
- Deloitte Access Economics, 8 Brindabella Circuit, Brindabella Business Park, Canberra Airport, Canberra, ACT 2609, Australia.
| | - Tim Cassettari
- Nutrition Research Australia, Level 13 167 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
| | - Lev Yulin
- Deloitte Access Economics, 8 Brindabella Circuit, Brindabella Business Park, Canberra Airport, Canberra, ACT 2609, Australia.
| | - Kate Tuck
- Nutrition Research Australia, Level 13 167 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
| | - Lynne Pezzullo
- Deloitte Access Economics, 8 Brindabella Circuit, Brindabella Business Park, Canberra Airport, Canberra, ACT 2609, Australia.
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18
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Buddington RK, Kapadia C, Neumer F, Theis S. Oligofructose Provides Laxation for Irregularity Associated with Low Fiber Intake. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121372. [PMID: 29258261 PMCID: PMC5748822 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inadequate dietary fiber intake contributes to the prevalent irregularity and constipation in Western countries. Although eating adequate amounts of fibers from fiber-rich foods, foods with added fibers and dietary fiber supplements is considered the first option for improving laxation, the efficacy can vary among types of fibers. The present study is a randomized control trial that included healthy adult participants with ≤3 bowel movements/week and a habitual low dietary fiber intake in a parallel design to evaluate the benefits for laxation by supplementing the daily diet with oligofructose (Orafti® P95; OF), a fermentable source of fiber and established prebiotic (n = 49); maltodextrin was the placebo (n = 48). After a run-in phase, OF was initially provided at 5 g/day, then increased to 10 and 15 g/day with four weeks for each phase. Stool frequency (bowel movements per week) for the OF and maltodextrin (MD) groups were initially similar (3.98 ± 1.49 vs. 4.06 ± 1.48), did not change for the placebo group, but increased for the OF group with the difference significant at 15 g/day (p = 0.023). Stool consistency was similar and remained unchanged at all doses for both groups. Gastrointestinal sensations were low for both groups. Laxation benefits were especially pronounced for participants with >13 g/day habitual dietary fiber intake, with significant laxation at 10 g and 15 g OF/day (p = 0.04 and p = 0.004, respectively) A daily supplement with a short-chain inulin-type fructan derived from chicory roots, i.e., oligofructose (Orafti® P95) provided a laxation effect without causing gastrointestinal (GI) distress for healthy participants with irregularity associated with low dietary fiber intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cavita Kapadia
- School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | - Franka Neumer
- BENEO-Institute, c/o BENEO GmbH, Wormser Str. 11, 67283 Obrigheim, Germany.
| | - Stephan Theis
- BENEO-Institute, c/o BENEO GmbH, Wormser Str. 11, 67283 Obrigheim, Germany.
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19
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Abdullah MMH, Marinangeli CPF, Jones PJH, Carlberg JG. Canadian Potential Healthcare and Societal Cost Savings from Consumption of Pulses: A Cost-Of-Illness Analysis. Nutrients 2017; 9:E793. [PMID: 28737688 PMCID: PMC5537906 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of dietary pulses, including beans, peas and lentils, is recommended by health authorities across jurisdictions for their nutritional value and effectiveness in helping to prevent and manage major diet-related illnesses of significant socioeconomic burden. The aim of this study was to estimate the potential annual healthcare and societal cost savings relevant to rates of reduction in complications from type 2 diabetes (T2D) and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) following a low glycemic index (GI) or high fiber diet that includes pulses, or 100 g/day pulse intake in Canada, respectively. A four-step cost-of-illness analysis was conducted to: (1) estimate the proportions of individuals who are likely to consume pulses; (2) evaluate the reductions in established risk factors for T2D and CVD; (3) assess the percent reduction in incidences or complications of the diseases of interest; and (4) calculate the potential annual savings in relevant healthcare and related costs. A low GI or high fiber diet that includes pulses and 100 g/day pulse intake were shown to potentially yield Can$6.2 (95% CI $2.6-$9.9) to Can$62.4 (95% CI $26-$98.8) and Can$31.6 (95% CI $11.1-$52) to Can$315.5 (95% CI $110.6-$520.4) million in savings on annual healthcare and related costs of T2D and CVD, respectively. Specific provincial/territorial analyses suggested annual T2D and CVD related cost savings that ranged from up to Can$0.2 million in some provinces to up to Can$135 million in others. In conclusion, with regular consumption of pulse crops, there is a potential opportunity to facilitate T2D and CVD related socioeconomic cost savings that could be applied to Canadian healthcare or re-assigned to other priority domains. Whether these potential cost savings will be offset by other healthcare costs associated with longevity and diseases of the elderly is to be investigated over the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M H Abdullah
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences and Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 10002, Kuwait.
| | | | - Peter J H Jones
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences and Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada.
| | - Jared G Carlberg
- Department of Agribusiness & Agricultural Economics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2C 0A1, Canada.
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20
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Abdullah MMH, Jew S, Jones PJH. Health benefits and evaluation of healthcare cost savings if oils rich in monounsaturated fatty acids were substituted for conventional dietary oils in the United States. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:163-174. [PMID: 28158733 PMCID: PMC5914363 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of nutritional behaviors on health is beyond debate and has the potential to affect the economic outputs of societies in significant ways. Dietary fatty acids have become a central theme in nutrition research in recent years, and the popularity of dietary oils rich in healthy fatty acids, such as monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), for cooking applications and use in food products has increased. Here, the objective is to summarize the health effects of MUFA-rich diets and to systematically estimate the potential healthcare and societal cost savings that could be realized by increasing MUFA intakes compared with other dietary fat intakes in the United States. Using a scoping review approach, the literature of randomized controlled clinical trials was searched and a 4-step cost-of-illness analysis was developed, which included estimates of success rate, disease biomarker reduction, disease incidence reduction, and cost savings. Findings revealed improvements in established biomarkers and in incidence of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes, along with potentially substantial annual healthcare and societal cost savings when recommendations for daily MUFA intake were followed. In summary, beyond the beneficial health effects of MUFA-rich diets, potential economic benefits suggest practical implications for consumers, food processors, and healthcare authorities alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M. H. Abdullah
- M.M.H. Abdullah, S. Jew, and P.J.H. Jones are with the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. M.M.H. Abdullah and P.J.H. Jones are with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Stephanie Jew
- M.M.H. Abdullah, S. Jew, and P.J.H. Jones are with the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. M.M.H. Abdullah and P.J.H. Jones are with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter J. H. Jones
- M.M.H. Abdullah, S. Jew, and P.J.H. Jones are with the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. M.M.H. Abdullah and P.J.H. Jones are with the Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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