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Zurynski Y, Fisher G, Wijekulasuriya S, Leask E, Dharmayani PNA, Ellis LA, Smith CL, Braithwaite J. Bolstering health systems to cope with the impacts of climate change events: A review of the evidence on workforce planning, upskilling, and capacity building. Int J Health Plann Manage 2024; 39:781-805. [PMID: 38308433 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As global CO2 emissions continue to rise and the 'era of global boiling' takes hold, the health workforce must cope with the challenge of providing care to increasing numbers of patients affected by climate change-related events (e.g., hurricanes, wildfires, floods). In this review, we describe the impacts of these events on the health workforce, and strategies responding to these challenges. METHODS This rapid systematic review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses and a registered protocol (PROSPERO CRD42023433610). Eight databases were searched in May 2022 and again in June 2023. Empirical studies discussing climate change and workforce policy, planning, preparedness, and capacity were included. Inductive thematic analysis of extracted data was conducted. RESULTS From the 60 included studies, two categories emerged: the impacts of climate events on the health workforce (n = 39), and workforce responses to and preparations for climate events (n = 58). Thirty-seven studies reported on both categories. Four impact themes were identified: absenteeism, psychological impacts, system breakdown, and unsafe working conditions; and six responses and preparations themes: training/skill development, workforce capacity planning, interdisciplinary collaboration, role flexibility, role incentivisation, and psychological support. CONCLUSION This review provides an overview of some of the deleterious impacts of climate events on the health workforce, as well as potential strategies for the health workforce to prepare or respond to climate events. Future studies should assess the implementation and effectiveness of these strategies to ensure a continuously improving healthcare system, and a well-supported health workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Zurynski
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Partnership Centre for Health System Sustainability, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Georgia Fisher
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shalini Wijekulasuriya
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Partnership Centre for Health System Sustainability, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elle Leask
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Putu Novi Arfirsta Dharmayani
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Partnership Centre for Health System Sustainability, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louise A Ellis
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Partnership Centre for Health System Sustainability, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carolynn L Smith
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Partnership Centre for Health System Sustainability, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Braithwaite
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Partnership Centre for Health System Sustainability, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
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Naser K, Haq Z, Naughton BD. The Impact of Climate Change on Health Services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematised Review and Thematic Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:434. [PMID: 38673345 PMCID: PMC11050668 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of climate change on health services as categorized by the WHO's Building Blocks for creating Climate-Resilient Health Systems. Objective: The objective was to conduct a systematized review of the published literature concerning the impact of climate change, using a thematic analysis approach to address our aim and identify areas for further research. Design: A search was conducted on 8 February 2022 using the Embase and PubMed research databases. Peer-reviewed scientific studies that were published in English from 2012 to 2022, which described at least one report concerning the impact of climate change on health services in LMICs, were included. Studies were organized based on their key characteristics, which included the date of publication, objective, method, limitations, participants, and geographical focus. The Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Results: Twenty-three studies were included in this review. Five areas of health services which align with the WHO building blocks framework were impacted by climate change. These health service areas included: (1) Service Delivery, (2) Human Resources, (3) Health Finance, (4) Healthcare Products and Technology, and (5) Leadership and Governance. However, research concerning the impact of climate change on health information systems, which is part of the WHO building blocks framework, did not feature in our study. The climatic effects were divided into three themes: meteorological effects, extreme weather events, and general. The research in this study found that climate change had a detrimental impact on a variety of health services, with service delivery being the most frequently reported. The risk of bias varied greatly between studies. Conclusions: Climate change has negatively impacted health services in a variety of different ways, and without further actions, this problem is likely to worsen. The WHO building blocks have provided a useful lens through which to review health services. We built an aligned framework to describe our findings and to support future climate change impact assessments in this area. We propose that further research concerning the impact of climate change on health information systems would be valuable, as well as further education and responsible policy changes to help build resilience in health services affected by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamar Naser
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, D02PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zaeem Haq
- Save the Children St Vincent House, 30 Orange Street, London WC2H 7HH, UK
| | - Bernard D. Naughton
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, D02PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Medicine Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Kings College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
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Beggs PJ, Trueck S, Linnenluecke MK, Bambrick H, Capon AG, Hanigan IC, Arriagada NB, Cross TJ, Friel S, Green D, Heenan M, Jay O, Kennard H, Malik A, McMichael C, Stevenson M, Vardoulakis S, Dang TN, Garvey G, Lovett R, Matthews V, Phung D, Woodward AJ, Romanello MB, Zhang Y. The 2023 report of the MJA-Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: sustainability needed in Australia's health care sector. Med J Aust 2024; 220:282-303. [PMID: 38522009 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The MJA-Lancet Countdown on health and climate change in Australia was established in 2017 and produced its first national assessment in 2018 and annual updates in 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022. It examines five broad domains: health hazards, exposures and impacts; adaptation, planning and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement. In this, the sixth report of the MJA-Lancet Countdown, we track progress on an extensive suite of indicators across these five domains, accessing and presenting the latest data and further refining and developing our analyses. Our results highlight the health and economic costs of inaction on health and climate change. A series of major flood events across the four eastern states of Australia in 2022 was the main contributor to insured losses from climate-related catastrophes of $7.168 billion - the highest amount on record. The floods also directly caused 23 deaths and resulted in the displacement of tens of thousands of people. High red meat and processed meat consumption and insufficient consumption of fruit and vegetables accounted for about half of the 87 166 diet-related deaths in Australia in 2021. Correction of this imbalance would both save lives and reduce the heavy carbon footprint associated with meat production. We find signs of progress on health and climate change. Importantly, the Australian Government released Australia's first National Health and Climate Strategy, and the Government of Western Australia is preparing a Health Sector Adaptation Plan. We also find increasing action on, and engagement with, health and climate change at a community level, with the number of electric vehicle sales almost doubling in 2022 compared with 2021, and with a 65% increase in coverage of health and climate change in the media in 2022 compared with 2021. Overall, the urgency of substantial enhancements in Australia's mitigation and adaptation responses to the enormous health and climate change challenge cannot be overstated. Australia's energy system, and its health care sector, currently emit an unreasonable and unjust proportion of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. As the Lancet Countdown enters its second and most critical phase in the leadup to 2030, the depth and breadth of our assessment of health and climate change will be augmented to increasingly examine Australia in its regional context, and to better measure and track key issues in Australia such as mental health and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hilary Bambrick
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Anthony G Capon
- Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
| | | | | | | | | | - Donna Green
- Climate Change Research Centre and ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, UNSW, Sydney, NSW
| | - Maddie Heenan
- Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW
| | - Ollie Jay
- Thermal Ergonomics Laboratory, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | - Harry Kennard
- Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Mark Stevenson
- Transport, Health and Urban Design (THUD) Research Lab, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Sotiris Vardoulakis
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Tran N Dang
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Raymond Lovett
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
- Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, Canberra, ACT
| | - Veronica Matthews
- University Centre for Rural Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
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Debie A, Nigusie A, Gedle D, Khatri RB, Assefa Y. Building a resilient health system for universal health coverage and health security: a systematic review. Glob Health Res Policy 2024; 9:2. [PMID: 38173020 PMCID: PMC10765832 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-023-00340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilient health system (RHS) is crucial to achieving universal health coverage (UHC) and health security. However, little is known about strategies towards RHS to improve UHC and health security. This systematic review aims to synthesise the literature to understand approaches to build RHS toward UHC and health security. METHODS A systematic search was conducted including studies published from 01 January 2000 to 31 December 2021. Studies were searched in three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Scopus) using search terms under four domains: resilience, health system, universal health coverage, and health security. We critically appraised articles using Rees and colleagues' quality appraisal checklist to assess the quality of papers. A systematic narrative synthesis was conducted to analyse and synthesise the data using the World Health Organization's health systems building block framework. RESULTS A total of 57 articles were included in the final review. Context-based redistribution of health workers, task-shifting policy, and results-based health financing policy helped to build RHS. High political commitment, community-based response planning, and multi-sectorial collaboration were critical to realising UHC and health security. On the contrary, lack of access, non-responsive, inequitable healthcare services, poor surveillance, weak leadership, and income inequalities were the constraints to achieving UHC and health security. In addition, the lack of basic healthcare infrastructures, inadequately skilled health workforces, absence of clear government policy, lack of clarity of stakeholder roles, and uneven distribution of health facilities and health workers were the challenges to achieving UHC and health security. CONCLUSIONS Advanced healthcare infrastructures and adequate number of healthcare workers are essential to achieving UHC and health security. However, they are not alone adequate to protect the health system from potential failure. Context-specific redistribution of health workers, task-shifting, result-based health financing policies, and integrated and multi-sectoral approaches, based on the principles of primary health care, are necessary for building RHS toward UHC and health security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayal Debie
- Departement of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Adane Nigusie
- Departement of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Gedle
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Resham B Khatri
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yibeltal Assefa
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Linh Tran NQ, Cam Hong Le HT, Pham CT, Nguyen XH, Tran ND, Thi Tran TH, Nghiem S, Ly Luong TM, Bui V, Nguyen-Huy T, Doan VQ, Dang KA, Thuong Do TH, Thi Ngo HK, Nguyen TV, Nguyen NH, Do MC, Ton TN, Thu Dang TA, Nguyen K, Tran XB, Thai P, Phung D. Climate change and human health in Vietnam: a systematic review and additional analyses on current impacts, future risk, and adaptation. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2023; 40:100943. [PMID: 38116497 PMCID: PMC10730327 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate climate change's impact on health and adaptation in Vietnam through a systematic review and additional analyses of heat exposure, heat vulnerability, awareness and engagement, and projected health costs. Out of 127 reviewed studies, findings indicated the wider spread of infectious diseases, and increased mortality and hospitalisation risks associated with extreme heat, droughts, and floods. However, there are few studies addressing health cost, awareness, engagement, adaptation, and policy. Additional analyses showed rising heatwave exposure across Vietnam and global above-average vulnerability to heat. By 2050, climate change is projected to cost up to USD1-3B in healthcare costs, USD3-20B in premature deaths, and USD6-23B in work loss. Despite increased media focus on climate and health, a gap between public and government publications highlighted the need for more governmental engagement. Vietnam's climate policies have faced implementation challenges, including top-down approaches, lack of cooperation, low adaptive capacity, and limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nu Quy Linh Tran
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Huynh Thi Cam Hong Le
- Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Xuan Huong Nguyen
- Centre for Scientific Research and International Collaboration, Phan Chau Trinh University, Quang Nam, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Dang Tran
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Son Nghiem
- Department of Health Economics, Wellbeing and Society, Australian National University, Australia
| | - Thi Mai Ly Luong
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Vietnam University of Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vinh Bui
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Australia
| | - Thong Nguyen-Huy
- Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Australia
| | - Van Quang Doan
- Centre for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kim Anh Dang
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Thi Hoai Thuong Do
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hieu Kim Thi Ngo
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Ngoc Huy Nguyen
- Vietnam National University - Vietnam Japan University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Manh Cuong Do
- Health Environment Management Agency, Ministry of Health, Vietnam
| | | | - Thi Anh Thu Dang
- Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Kien Nguyen
- Hue University of Economics, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | | | - Phong Thai
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Dung Phung
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Australia
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Dewi SP, Kasim R, Sutarsa IN, Hunter A, Dykgraaf SH. Effects of climate-related risks and extreme events on health outcomes and health utilization of primary care in rural and remote areas: a scoping review. Fam Pract 2023; 40:486-497. [PMID: 36718099 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmac151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rural populations are at risk of climate-related impacts due to ecological and geographical determinants, potentially leading to greater morbidity and health utilization. They are often highly dependent on primary care services. However, no rural- or primary care specific synthesis of these issues has ever been conducted. This review aimed to identify, characterize, and summarize existing research on the effects of climate-related events on utilization and health outcomes of primary care in rural and remote areas and identify related adaptation strategies used in primary care to climate-related events. METHODS A scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines was conducted, examining peer-reviewed English-language articles published up to 31 October 2022. Eligible papers were empirical studies conducted in primary care settings that involved climate-related events as exposures, and health outcomes or utilization as study outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted relevant information from selected papers. Data were analysed using content analysis and presented using a narrative approach. RESULTS We screened 693 non-duplicate papers, of those, 60 papers were analysed. Climate-related events were categorized by type, with outcomes described in terms of primary, secondary, and tertiary effects. Disruption of primary care often resulted from shortages in health resources. Primary care may be ill-prepared for climate-related events but has an important role in supporting the development of community. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest various effects of climate-related events on primary care utilization and health outcomes in rural and remote areas. There is a need to prepare rural and remote primary care service before and after climate-related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Puspa Dewi
- Rural Clinical School, School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Rosny Kasim
- Rural Clinical School, School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - I Nyoman Sutarsa
- Rural Clinical School, School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Arnagretta Hunter
- Rural Clinical School, School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Sally Hall Dykgraaf
- Rural Clinical School, School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Alrayyes MA, Alaila BH, Aldalou MRR, Omamalin NGD. The Emergency Preparedness of Level-Four Primary Health Care Centers in the Gaza Strip, the Occupied Palestinian Territory: An Assessment of Primary Care Providers' Competencies and Facilities Preparedness. Prehosp Disaster Med 2022; 38:1-10. [PMID: 36537158 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x22002357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Gaza Strip lives in a protracted emergency crisis and experienced several Israeli escalations. These escalations have overwhelmed the hospitals and highlighted the need to optimize Primary Health Care Centers (PHCCs) to form part of the emergency response system. This study, therefore, aimed to assess the emergency preparedness of the Ministry of Health (MoH)-run level-four PHCCs in the Gaza Strip (where Emergency Medical Services are provided along with preventive and curative services). METHODS The study was cross-sectional, used quantitative methods, and utilized two tools. The first tool was a self-administered structured questionnaire exploring Primary Care Providers' ([PCPs]; doctors and nurses) experiences, perceived capabilities, and training needs. The second tool was an observational checklist used to assess the preparedness of the emergency rooms (ERs) at level-four PHCCs in the Gaza Strip. RESULTS Two hundred and thirty-eight PCPs (34.5% doctors and 65.5% nurses) working in 16 level-four PHCCs were included. Overall, 64.4% of the participants had experience working in PHCCs during Israeli escalations, though 35.3% of them were unaware of the contingency plan (CP) of PHCCs. More nurses were aware of CPs than doctors (66.9% versus 42.7%; P <.001). Moreover, 65.7%, 46.7%, and 42.5% of the participants were trained in Basic Life Support (BLS), Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), and Primary Trauma Care (PTC), respectively. However, many had received the training for more than two years, and none of the PHCCs had all its staff trained. Only 36.8% of the participants were trained in Post-Trauma/Post-Operative Care (wound care and dressing), and the percentage of trained nurses was significantly higher than those of doctors (36.8% versus 13.9%; P <.001). The majority of the participants admitted they need ACLS training (89.2%), PTC training (89%), BLS training (81.1%), and Post-Trauma/Post-Operative Care training (76.8%). Only 29.63% of emergency drugs and 37.5% of the equipment and disposables were available in the ERs of all PHCCs, and none of the PHCCs had all the essential emergency drugs, equipment, and disposables available. CONCLUSION Level-four PHCCs in the Gaza Strip are not adequately prepared to respond to emergencies. Generally, PCPs lack appropriate competencies for emergency response, and many PHCCs lack the infrastructure to support Primary Emergency Care (PEC). Thus, PCPs need continuous education and training in disaster preparedness and response and PEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisara A Alrayyes
- Médecins du Monde-France, Mission Palestine, Gaza, the Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | - Basel H Alaila
- Médecins du Monde-France, Mission Palestine, Gaza, the Gaza Strip, Palestine
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Dotse-Gborgbortsi W, Dwomoh D, Asamoah M, Gyimah FT, Dzodzomenyo M, Li C, Akowuah G, Ofosu A, Wright J. Dam-mediated flooding impact on outpatient attendance and diarrhoea cases in northern Ghana: a mixed methods study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2108. [PMCID: PMC9670488 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14568-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Floods are the most frequently occurring natural disaster and constitute a significant public health risk. Several operational satellite-based flood detection systems quantify flooding extent, but it is unclear how far the choice of satellite-based flood product affects the findings of epidemiological studies of associated public health risks. Few studies of flooding’s health impacts have used mixed methods to enrich understanding of these impacts. This study therefore aims to evaluate the relationship between two satellite-derived flood products with outpatient attendance and diarrhoeal disease in northern Ghana, identifying plausible reasons for observed relationships via qualitative interviews.
Methods
A convergent parallel mixed methods design combined an ecological time series with focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Through an ecological time series component, monthly outpatient attendance and diarrhoea case counts from health facilities in two flood-prone districts for 2016–2020 were integrated with monthly flooding map layers classified via the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat satellite sensors. The relationship between reported diarrhoea and outpatient attendance with flooding was examined using Poisson regression, controlling for seasonality and facility catchment population. Four focus group discussions with affected community members and four key informant interviews with health professionals explored flooding’s impact on healthcare delivery and access.
Results
Flooding detected via Landsat better predicted outpatient attendance and diarrhoea than flooding via MODIS. Outpatient attendance significantly reduced as LandSat-derived flood area per facility catchment increased (adjusted Incidence Rate Ratio = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.61–0.99, p < 0.05), whilst reported diarrhoea significantly increased with flood area per facility catchment (adjusted Incidence Rate Ratio = 4.27, 95% CI: 2.74—6.63, p < 0.001). Key informants noted how flooding affected access to health services as patients and health professionals could not reach the health facility and emergency referrals were unable to travel.
Conclusions
The significant reduction in outpatient attendance during flooding suggests that flooding impairs healthcare delivery. The relationship is sensitive to the choice of satellite-derived flood product, so future studies should consider integrating multiple sources of satellite imagery for more robust exposure assessment. Health teams and communities should plan spatially targeted flood mitigation and health system adaptation strategies that explicitly address population and workforce mobility issues.
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Rahimi-Ardabili H, Magrabi F, Coiera E. Digital health for climate change mitigation and response: a scoping review. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2022; 29:2140-2152. [PMID: 35960171 PMCID: PMC9667157 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocac134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Climate change poses a major threat to the operation of global health systems, triggering large scale health events, and disrupting normal system operation. Digital health may have a role in the management of such challenges and in greenhouse gas emission reduction. This scoping review explores recent work on digital health responses and mitigation approaches to climate change. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched Medline up to February 11, 2022, using terms for digital health and climate change. Included articles were categorized into 3 application domains (mitigation, infectious disease, or environmental health risk management), and 6 technical tasks (data sensing, monitoring, electronic data capture, modeling, decision support, and communication). The review was PRISMA-ScR compliant. RESULTS The 142 included publications reported a wide variety of research designs. Publication numbers have grown substantially in recent years, but few come from low- and middle-income countries. Digital health has the potential to reduce health system greenhouse gas emissions, for example by shifting to virtual services. It can assist in managing changing patterns of infectious diseases as well as environmental health events by timely detection, reducing exposure to risk factors, and facilitating the delivery of care to under-resourced areas. DISCUSSION While digital health has real potential to help in managing climate change, research remains preliminary with little real-world evaluation. CONCLUSION Significant acceleration in the quality and quantity of digital health climate change research is urgently needed, given the enormity of the global challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hania Rahimi-Ardabili
- Centre for Health Informatics, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Farah Magrabi
- Centre for Health Informatics, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Enrico Coiera
- Centre for Health Informatics, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
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Zadran A, Ho AVD, Zadran L, Ventura Curiel IJ, Pham TT, Thuan DTB, Kost GJ. Optimizing Public Health Preparedness for Highly Infectious Diseases in Central Vietnam. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092047. [PMID: 36140451 PMCID: PMC9497681 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our primary objectives were (a) to determine the need for and the availability of point-of-care testing (POCT) for infectious diseases and (b) to recommend point-of-care testing strategies and Spatial Care PathsTM (SCPs) that enhance public health preparedness in the regional districts of Thua Thien Hue Province (TTHP), Central Vietnam, where we conducted field surveys. Medical professionals in seven community health centers (CHCs), seven district hospitals (DHs) and one provincial hospital (PH) participated. Survey questions (English and Vietnamese) determined the status of diagnostic testing capabilities for infectious diseases and other acute medical challenges in TTHP. Infectious disease testing was limited: six of seven CHCs (86%) lacked infectious disease tests. One CHC (14%, 1/7) had two forms of diagnostic tests available for the detection of malaria. All CHCs lacked adequate microbiology laboratories. District hospitals had few diagnostic tests for infectious diseases (tuberculosis and syphilis), blood culture (29%, 2/7), and pathogen culture (57%, 4/7) available. The PH had broader diagnostic testing capabilities but lacked preparedness for highly infectious disease threats (e.g., Ebola, MERS-CoV, SARS, Zika, and monkeypox). All sites reported having COVID-19 rapid antigen tests; COVID-19 RT-PCR tests were limited to higher-tier hospitals. We conclude that infectious disease diagnostic testing should be improved and POC tests must be supplied near patients’ homes and in primary care settings for the early detection of infected individuals and the mitigation of the spread of new COVID-19 variants and other highly infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanullah Zadran
- Point-of-Care Testing Center for Teaching and Research (POCT CTR) Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (G.J.K.); Tel.: +1-(510)-779-8698 (A.Z.)
| | - An V. D. Ho
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Layma Zadran
- Point-of-Care Testing Center for Teaching and Research (POCT CTR) Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Irene J. Ventura Curiel
- Point-of-Care Testing Center for Teaching and Research (POCT CTR) Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tang-Tung Pham
- Faculty of Medicine, Phan Chau Trinh University, No 9 Nguyen Gia Thieu St, Dien Ban Ward, Dien Ngoc District, Danang City 550000, Vietnam
| | - Duong Thi Bich Thuan
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Vinhomes Ocean Park, Gia Lam District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Gerald J. Kost
- Point-of-Care Testing Center for Teaching and Research (POCT CTR) Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (G.J.K.); Tel.: +1-(510)-779-8698 (A.Z.)
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Qin RX, Velin L, Yates EF, El Omrani O, McLeod E, Tudravu J, Samad L, Woodward A, McClain CD. Building sustainable and resilient surgical systems: A narrative review of opportunities to integrate climate change into national surgical planning in the Western Pacific region. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 22:100407. [PMID: 35243461 PMCID: PMC8881731 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Five billion people lack access to surgical care worldwide; climate change is the biggest threat to human health in the 21st century. This review studies how climate change could be integrated into national surgical planning in the Western Pacific region. We searched databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Global Health) for articles on climate change and surgical care. Findings were categorised using the modified World Health Organisation Health System Building Blocks Framework. 220 out of 2577 records were included. Infrastructure: Operating theatres are highly resource-intensive. Their carbon footprint could be reduced by maximising equipment longevity, improving energy efficiency, and renewable energy use. Service delivery Tele-medicine, outreaches, and avoiding desflurane could reduce emissions. Robust surgical systems are required to adapt to the increasing burden of surgically treated diseases, such as injuries from natural disasters. Finance: Climate change adaptation funds could be mobilised for surgical system strengthening. Information systems: Sustainability should be a key performance indicator for surgical systems. Workforce: Surgical providers could change clinical, institutional, and societal practices. Governance: Planning in surgical care and climate change should be aligned. Climate change mitigation is essential in the regional surgical care scale-up; surgical system strengthening is also necessary for adaptation to climate change.
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Key Words
- CO2, Carbon dioxide
- Climate change
- DALY, Disability-adjusted life year
- FEMAT, Fiji Emergency Medical Assistance Team
- GHG, Greenhouse gas
- HICs, High-income countries
- HVAC, Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
- IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- LCA, Life-cycle analysis
- LCoGS, Lancet Commission on Global Surgery
- LED, Light-emitting diode
- LMICs, Low- and middle-income countries
- NSOAP, National Surgical, Obstetric, and Anaesthesia Plan
- National health planning
- Natural disasters
- OR, Operating Room
- SOA, Surgical, obstetric, and anaesthesia
- SUD, Single-use device
- Surgical system strengthening
- WASH, Water, sanitation, and hygiene
- Western pacific
- kgCO2e, Kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent
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Affiliation(s)
- Rennie X. Qin
- The Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lotta Velin
- Centre for Teaching and Research in Disaster Medicine and Traumatology (KMC), Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Johannes Magnus väg 11, Linköping 583 30, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth F. Yates
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1620 Tremont St, Boston, MA 02120, USA
| | - Omnia El Omrani
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Ramsis Street, Abbassia Square, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elizabeth McLeod
- Department of Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jemesa Tudravu
- Ministry of Health and Medical Services of Fiji, Dinem House, 88 Amy St, Suva, Fiji
| | - Lubna Samad
- Center for Essential Surgical and Acute Care, IRD Global, 4th Floor, Woodcraft Building, Plot 3 & 3-A, Sector 47, Korangi Creek Road, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Alistair Woodward
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, 22-30 Park Ave, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Craig D. McClain
- The Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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The Synergistic Relationship Between Climate Change and the HIV/AIDS Epidemic: A Conceptual Framework. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:2266-2277. [PMID: 33452659 PMCID: PMC7810285 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03155-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Climate change and HIV/AIDS represent two of the greatest threats to human health in the 21st century. However, limitations in understanding the complex relationship between these syndemics continue to constrain advancements in the prevention and management of HIV/AIDS in the context of a rapidly changing climate. Here, we present a conceptual framework that identifies four pathways linking climate change with HIV/AIDS transmission and health outcomes: increased food insecurity, increased prevalence of other infectious diseases, increased human migration, and erosion of public health infrastructure. This framework is based on an in-depth literature review in PubMed and Google Scholar from June 6 to June 27, 2019. The pathways linking climate change with HIV transmission and health outcomes are complex with multiple interacting factors. Food insecurity emerged as a particularly important mediator by driving sexual risk-taking behaviours and migration, as well as by increasing susceptibility to infections that are common among people living with HIV (PLWHIV). Future interventions should focus on decreasing carbon dioxide emissions globally and increasing education and investment in adaptation strategies, particularly in those areas of sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia heavily impacted by both HIV and climate change. Environmentally sustainable interventions such as urban gardening and investing in sustainable agriculture technologies also have significant health co-benefits that may help PLWHIV adapt to the environmental consequences of climate change.
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Rublee C, Bills C, Sorensen C, Lemery J, Calvello Hynes E. At Ground Zero—Emergency Units in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries Building Resilience for Climate Change and Human Health. WORLD MEDICAL & HEALTH POLICY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wmh3.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Tran BX, Hoang MT, Pham HQ, Hoang CL, Le HT, Latkin CA, Ho CS, Ho RC. The operational readiness capacities of the grassroots health system in responses to epidemics: Implications for COVID-19 control in Vietnam. J Glob Health 2020; 10:011006. [PMID: 32566168 PMCID: PMC7294390 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.011006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a paucity of data on the operational readiness capacities of the grassroots health system in Vietnam while it plays a vital role as a first-line defense against health emergencies, including the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study, therefore, aims to assess the operational readiness capacities of the grassroots health system in response to epidemics and provides implications for controlling COVID-19 in Vietnam. Methods An online cross-sectional study using the respondent-driven sampling technique was conducted with 6029 health professionals and medical students in Vietnam from December 2019 to February 2020. The operational readiness capacities of the health system were assessed by the sufficiency of health professionals, administrative and logistics staffs, equipment and facilities, and general capacity of health professionals. Kruskal-Wallis test, Fisher exact test and χ2 test were employed to identify the differences among variables. Tobit and censored regression models were operated to determine associated factors. Results The operational readiness capacities of the grassroots health system for four assessed criteria were at moderate levels, ranging from 6.3 to 6.8 over 10. In Vietnam, the grassroots health system in rural areas, in the South, and at the district level were more likely to be vulnerable compared to their counterparts. Conclusions According to empirical data, this study reveals the vulnerability of the grassroots health system in Vietnam and provides the rationality of prompt and vigorous actions of the Vietnamese Government against COVID-19. Findings also offer useful insights for effective strategies to strengthen the grassroots health system in the long term. In the short term, practicing precautionary measures and mobilizing human resources, as well as medical equipment, are needed to successfully contain COVID-19 in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bach Xuan Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Men Thi Hoang
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.,Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Hai Quang Pham
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.,Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Chi Linh Hoang
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Le
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Carl A Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cyrus Sh Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger Cm Ho
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Manfrini GC, Treich RS, Rumor PCF, Magagnin AB, Moncada MA, Furtado JR. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ACTIONS IN NATURAL DISASTERS. TEXTO & CONTEXTO ENFERMAGEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2018-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: to identify in the national and international literature Primary Health Care actions in natural disasters. Method: an integrative literature review, which included 24 original surveys between 2006 and 2018 on natural disasters. Results: a qualitative analysis of the studies included primary care actions in the prevention and mitigation, preparation, response, and disaster recovery phases. Conclusion: Primary Health Care actions involve multidisciplinary teams, the community and families in the territory in which the teams operate, articulation in a network of intersectoral services, in managerial and educational dimensions to implement effective plans for disaster situations.
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Nuzzo JB, Meyer D, Snyder M, Ravi SJ, Lapascu A, Souleles J, Andrada CI, Bishai D. What makes health systems resilient against infectious disease outbreaks and natural hazards? Results from a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1310. [PMID: 31623594 PMCID: PMC6798426 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak was a wake-up call regarding the critical importance of resilient health systems. Fragile health systems can become overwhelmed during public health crises, further exacerbating the human, economic, and political toll. Important work has been done to describe the general attributes of a health system resilient to these crises, and the next step will be to identify the specific capacities that health systems need to develop and maintain to achieve resiliency. Methods We conducted a scoping review of the literature to identify recurring themes and capacities needed for health system resiliency to infectious disease outbreaks and natural hazards and any existing implementation frameworks that highlight these capacities. We also sought to identify the overlap of the identified themes and capacities with those highlighted in the World Health Organization’s Joint External Evaluation. Sources of evidence included PubMed, Web of Science, OAIster, and the websites of relevant major public health organizations. Results We identified 16 themes of health system resilience, including: the need to develop plans for altered standards of care during emergencies, the need to develop plans for post-event recovery, and a commitment to quality improvement. Most of the literature described the general attributes of a resilient health system; no implementation frameworks were identified that could translate these elements into specific capacities that health system actors can employ to improve resilience to outbreaks and natural hazards in a variety of settings. Conclusions An implementation-oriented health system resilience framework could help translate the important components of a health system identified in this review into specific capacities that actors in the health system could work to develop to improve resilience to public health crises. However, there remains a need to further refine the concept of resilience so that health systems can simultaneously achieve sustainable transformations in healthcare practice and health service delivery as well as improve their preparedness for emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Nuzzo
- Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, 621 East Pratt Street, Suite 210, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Diane Meyer
- Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, 621 East Pratt Street, Suite 210, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA.
| | - Michael Snyder
- Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, 621 East Pratt Street, Suite 210, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Sanjana J Ravi
- Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, 621 East Pratt Street, Suite 210, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Ana Lapascu
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jon Souleles
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Carolina I Andrada
- Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, 621 East Pratt Street, Suite 210, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - David Bishai
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Fernandes GCM, Treich RS, da Costa MFBNA, de Oliveira AB, Kempfer SS, Abeldaño RA. [Primary health care in disaster situations: systematic reviewAtención primaria de salud en situaciones de desastre: revisión sistemática]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2019; 43:e76. [PMID: 31507638 PMCID: PMC6733306 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2019.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify evidence from the literature regarding interventions related to preparedness and response of primary health care (PHC) teams in situations of natural disaster. METHOD Systematic review of the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Disasters, and Google Scholar. Quantitative case-control, cohort, or cross-sectional studies reporting interventions in the context of PHC on populations exposed to natural disaster were selected. RESULTS Six studies were analyzed, performed in the Philippines, Vietnam, United States, Chile, and India. The preparedness interventions identified in the studies included the design of nursing preparedness and community education protocols; community vulnerability risk assessment; and identification of PHC services for implementation of disaster management plans. The response interventions described referred to trauma care, prevention of health problems, and participation in training. CONCLUSIONS The evidence identified in the literature suggest that preparedness interventions are inadequate, and that the PHC response capacity is poor in situations of natural disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Cristina Manfrini Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC)Departamento de Enfermagem, Florianópolis (SC)Florianópolis (SC)BrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Departamento de Enfermagem, Florianópolis (SC), Brasil.
| | - Raiza Santos Treich
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC)Departamento de Enfermagem, Florianópolis (SC)Florianópolis (SC)BrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Departamento de Enfermagem, Florianópolis (SC), Brasil.
| | - Maria Fernanda Baeta Neves Alonso da Costa
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC)Departamento de Enfermagem, Florianópolis (SC)Florianópolis (SC)BrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Departamento de Enfermagem, Florianópolis (SC), Brasil.
| | - Alexandre Barbosa de Oliveira
- Universidad de la Sierra Sur, Programa de Pós-GraduaçãoMiahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz (OA)Díaz (OA)México.Universidad de la Sierra Sur, Programa de Pós-Graduação, Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz (OA), México.
| | - Silvana Silveira Kempfer
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC)Departamento de Enfermagem, Florianópolis (SC)Florianópolis (SC)BrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Departamento de Enfermagem, Florianópolis (SC), Brasil.
| | - Roberto Ariel Abeldaño
- Universidad de la Sierra Sur, Programa de Pós-GraduaçãoMiahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz (OA)Díaz (OA)México.Universidad de la Sierra Sur, Programa de Pós-Graduação, Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz (OA), México.
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Ray-Bennett NS, Corsel DMJ, Goswami N, Ghosh A. Understanding reproductive health challenges during a flood: insights from Belkuchi Upazila, Bangladesh. Gates Open Res 2019; 3:788. [PMID: 31294418 PMCID: PMC6603260 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.12920.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bangladesh is exposed to natural hazards such as floods, cyclones and droughts. As such, its health systems and health infrastructure are exposed to recurrent disasters. Research studying the impacts of natural disasters on reproductive health in particular is lacking. This research contributes to this knowledge gap by studying the challenges related to menstrual regulation and post-abortion care at both the facility and community levels, and the care-seeking patterns of pregnant women during the 2016 flood in Belkuchi, Bangladesh. Methods: Six government-run primary health care facilities were assessed using a structured assessment tool prior to the flood of 2016. In total, 370 structured interviews were conducted with women in three unions of Belkuchi (Belkuchi Sadar, Daulatpur and Bhangabari) 4 months after the 2016 flood. Results: The main challenges at the facility level are a lack of services and a shortage of medicines, equipment and trained health workers. The main challenges at the community level are displacement, high rates of self-diagnosed spontaneous abortion and a lack of treatment for post-abortion complications. A majority of the interviewed women (48%) sought menstrual regulation from the residence of a nurse or family welfare visitor. In total, 73.2% of the women who experienced post-abortion complications sought medical care. Conclusion: To overcome the challenges at the facility level, it is important to construct flood-resistant health infrastructure and train health workers in menstrual regulation and post-abortion care, so that these services can be made available during a flood. At the community level, more research is required to understand the reasons for spontaneous abortions so that these, and the subsequent chronic conditions/complications women experience, may be avoided. Context specific interventions that can overcome local challenges (both at the community and facility levels) are required to promote disaster resilience at primary health care facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nimisha Goswami
- International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) - South Asia Region Office, New Delhi, 110049, India
| | - Aditi Ghosh
- International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
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20
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Menegat RP, Witt RR. Critical Requirements for Nursing Practice in Rural Disasters Caused by Floods. Rev Bras Enferm 2019; 72:687-691. [PMID: 31269133 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify critical requirements for nursing practice when responding to hydrological disasters in the rural area. METHOD A descriptive, exploratory and qualitative study was developed. The Critical Incidents Technique was adopted. Twenty public health nurses who worked during the flood season in the years of 2014 and 2015 in a rural area in Southern Brazil were interviewed. Content analysis of the data was developed. RESULTS Critical requirements for nurses' practice were derived from the situations (n=78), critical behaviors (n=98) and consequences to the population (n=43) and to the nurses (n=38) identified. CONCLUSION / FINAL CONSIDERATIONS Although the requirements could be related to the established international referential for nurses' practice in disasters, some were described only in this study. They can contribute to the education and practice of nurses in primary health care, strengthening its capacity to face disaster situations by flood in the rural area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Regina Rigatto Witt
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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Ray-Bennett NS, Corsel DMJ, Goswami N, Ghosh A. Understanding reproductive health challenges during a flood: insights from Belkuchi Upazila, Bangladesh. Gates Open Res 2019; 3:788. [PMID: 31294418 PMCID: PMC6603260 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.12920.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bangladesh is exposed to natural hazards such as floods, cyclones and droughts. As such, its health systems and health infrastructure are exposed to recurrent disasters. Research studying the impacts of natural disasters on reproductive health in particular is lacking. This research contributes to this knowledge gap by studying the challenges related to menstrual regulation and post-abortion care at both the facility and community levels, and the care-seeking patterns of pregnant women during the 2016 flood in Belkuchi, Bangladesh. Methods: Six government-run primary health care facilities were assessed using a structured assessment tool prior to the flood of 2016. In total, 370 structured interviews were conducted with women in three unions of Belkuchi (Belkuchi Sadar, Daulatpur and Bhangabari) 4 months after the 2016 flood. Results: The main challenges at the facility level are a lack of services and a shortage of medicines, equipment and trained health workers. The main challenges at the community level are displacement, high rates of self-diagnosed spontaneous abortion and a lack of treatment for post-abortion complications. A majority of the interviewed women (48%) sought menstrual regulation from the residence of a nurse or family welfare visitor. In total, 73.2% of the women who experienced post-abortion complications sought medical care. Conclusion: To overcome the challenges at the facility level, it is important to construct flood-resistant health infrastructure and train health workers in menstrual regulation and post-abortion care, so that these services can be made available during a flood. At the community level, more research is required to understand the reasons for spontaneous abortions so that these, and the subsequent chronic conditions/complications women experience, may be avoided. Context specific interventions that can overcome local challenges (both at the community and facility levels) are required to promote disaster resilience at primary health care facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nimisha Goswami
- International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) - South Asia Region Office, New Delhi, 110049, India
| | - Aditi Ghosh
- International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
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Chan EYY, Man AYT, Lam HCY. Scientific evidence on natural disasters and health emergency and disaster risk management in Asian rural-based area. Br Med Bull 2019; 129:91-105. [PMID: 30753325 PMCID: PMC6413858 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disaster epidemiological studies indicate that Asia has the highest frequency of natural disasters. Rural communities are heavily impacted by natural disasters and have different healthcare needs to urban ones. Referencing Asian countries, this paper's objective is to provide an overview of health impacts and the current evidence for designing programmes and policies related to rural health emergency and disaster risk management (health-EDRM). SOURCES OF DATA This paper uses published English-only reports and papers retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Medline and PsycINFO on rural disaster and emergency responses and relief, health impact and disease patterns in Asia (January 2000-January 2018). AREAS OF AGREEMENT Earthquakes are the most studied natural disasters in rural communities. The medical burden and health needs of rural communities were most commonly reported among populations of extreme age. Most of the existing research evidence for rural interventions was reported in China. There lacks published peer-reviewed reports of programme impacts on personal and community preparedness. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY There is a lack of evidence-based health-EDRM interventions to evaluate implementation effectiveness in rural areas despite vast volumes of health-related disaster literature. GROWING POINTS Climate change-related disasters are increasing in frequency and severity. Evidence is needed for disaster risk reduction interventions to address the health risks specific to rural populations. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH To support global policy development, urgent evidence is needed on the intervention effectiveness, long-term health outcomes, local and cultural relevance as well as sustainability of health relief produced by Health-EDRM programmes in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Y Chan
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC), Division of Global Health and Humanitarian Medicine, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Division of Global Health and Humanitarian Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- François-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health & Human Rights, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Y T Man
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC), Division of Global Health and Humanitarian Medicine, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Division of Global Health and Humanitarian Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - H C Y Lam
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC), Division of Global Health and Humanitarian Medicine, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Division of Global Health and Humanitarian Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Hope for the Best, Prepare for the Worst-An Assessment of Flood Preparedness at Primary Health Care Facilities in Central Vietnam. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122689. [PMID: 30501022 PMCID: PMC6313744 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Floods affect over 85 million people every year and are one of the deadliest types of natural disasters. The health effects of floods are partly due to a loss of access to health care. This loss can be limited with proper flood preparedness. Flood preparedness is especially needed at the primary health care (PHC) level. Flood preparedness assessments can be used to identify vulnerable facilities and help target efforts. The existing research on PHC flood preparedness is limited. We aimed to assess the flood preparedness of PHC facilities in a flood-prone province in central Vietnam. Methods: Based on flood experience, the PHC facilities in the province were grouped as "severe" (n = 23) or "non-severe" (n = 129). Assessments were conducted during monsoon season at five facilities from each group, using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Data were checked against official records when possible. Results: Nine of the ten facilities had a flood plan and four received regular flood preparedness training. Six facilities reported insufficient preparedness support. Half of the facilities had additional funding available for flood preparedness, or in case of a flood. Flood preparedness training had been received by 21/28 (75%) of the staff at the facilities with severe flood experience, versus 15/25 (52%) of the staff at the non-severe experience facilities. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the assessed PHC facilities were not sufficiently prepared for the expected floods during monsoon season. PHC flood preparedness assessments could be used to identify vulnerable facilities and populations in flood-prone areas. More research is needed to further develop and test the validity and reliability of the questionnaire.
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Farley JM, Suraweera I, Perera WLSP, Hess J, Ebi KL. Evaluation of flood preparedness in government healthcare facilities in Eastern Province, Sri Lanka. Glob Health Action 2018; 10:1331539. [PMID: 28612689 PMCID: PMC5496069 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2017.1331539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sri Lanka is vulnerable to floods and other hydro-meteorological disasters. Climate change is projected to increase the intensity of these events. Objective: This study aimed to assess the flood preparedness in healthcare facilities in Eastern Province. Design: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, mixed methods study conducted in Trincomalee District. Surveys were conducted in 31 government healthcare facilities, using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire covering the last 5 years. Seven in-depth interviews were conducted with randomly selected Medical Officers in Charge or their equivalent, and 3 interviews were conducted with Medical Offices of Health. Results: Two general hospitals, 3 base hospitals, 11 divisional hospitals, and 15 primary care units were included. Six respondents (19.4%) reported flooding in their facility, and 19 (61.3%) reported flooding in their catchment area. For the health workforce, 77.4% of respondents reported not enough staff to perform normal service delivery during disasters, and 25.5% reported staff absenteeism due to flooding. Several respondents expressed a desire for more disaster-specific and general clinical training opportunities for themselves and their staff. Most respondents (80.7%) reported no delays in supply procurement during weather emergencies, but 61.3% reported insufficient supplies to maintain normal service delivery during disasters. Four facilities (12.9%) had disaster preparedness plans, and 4 (12.9%) had any staff trained on disaster preparedness or management within the last year. One quarter (25.8%) of respondents had received any written guidance on disaster preparedness from the regional, provincial, or national level in the last year. Conclusions: While there is a strong health system operating in Sri Lanka, improvements are needed in localized and appropriate disaster-related training, resources for continuing clinical education, and investments in workforce to strengthen flood and other disaster resilience within the government healthcare system in the study district.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Farley
- a Department of Global Health , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Inoka Suraweera
- b Environmental and Occupational Health Directorate , Ministry of Health , Colombo , Sri Lanka
| | - W L S P Perera
- c WHO Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization , Colombo , Sri Lanka
| | - Jeremy Hess
- a Department of Global Health , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Kristie L Ebi
- a Department of Global Health , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
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Ghazali DA, Guericolas M, Thys F, Sarasin F, Arcos González P, Casalino E. Climate Change Impacts on Disaster and Emergency Medicine Focusing on Mitigation Disruptive Effects: an International Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1379. [PMID: 29966379 PMCID: PMC6069477 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, climate change has been responsible for an increase in the average temperature of the troposphere and of the oceans, with consequences on the frequency and intensity of many extreme weather phenomena. Climate change’s effects on natural disasters can be expected to induce a rise in humanitarian crises. In addition, it will surely impact the population’s long-term general health, especially among the most fragile. There are foreseeable health risks that both ambulatory care organizations and hospitals will face as global temperatures rise. These risks include the geographic redistribution of infectious (particularly zoonotic) diseases, an increase in cardiac and respiratory illnesses, as well as a host of other health hazards. Some of these risks have been detailed for most developed countries as well as for some developing countries. Using these existing risk assessments as a template, organizational innovations as well as implementation strategies should be proposed to mitigate the disruptive effects of these health risks on emergency departments and by extension, reduce the negative impact of climate change on the populations they serve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Aiham Ghazali
- Emergency Department and EMS, University Hospital of Bichat, Paris 75018, France.
- Ilumens Simulation Center, University of Paris-Diderot, Paris 75018, France.
| | | | - Frédéric Thys
- Acute Care Division & Emergency Department, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi 6040, Belgium.
- Faculty of Public Health & Medicine, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels 1348, Belgium.
| | - François Sarasin
- Emergency Department, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 44041, Switzerland.
- University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva 1205, Switzerland.
| | - Pedro Arcos González
- Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster, Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain.
| | - Enrique Casalino
- Emergency Department and EMS, University Hospital of Bichat, Paris 75018, France.
- University of Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA 7334 Recherche clinique coordonnée ville-hôpital, Méthodologies et Société (REMES), Paris 75018, France.
- Study Group for Efficiency and Quality of Emergency Departments and Non-Scheduled Activities Departments, Paris 75018, France.
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Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension and Its Risk Factors in (Central) Vietnam. Int J Hypertens 2018; 2018:6326984. [PMID: 29887994 PMCID: PMC5977008 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6326984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The objective of this study is to describe the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and its associated risk factors in (Central) Vietnam. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a multistage sampling was used to select 969 participants from the general population aged from 40 to 69 years. The cardiovascular risk factors were collected throughout the interviews with a standardized questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to test the relationship between the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and the prevalence of risk factors. Results The prevalence of hypertension was 44.8%. It was higher in men than in women (51.3% versus 39.7%, p < 0.001). In total 67.3% (74.5% in women, 60.1% in men; p = 0.001) of the participants were aware of their hypertension, 33.2% (37.5% in women, 28.9% in men; p = 0.01) of the participants were treated, and 12.2% (16.7% in women, 7.8% in men; p < 0.001) of the hypertensive participants' hypertension was controlled. Age, gender, place of residence, body mass index, and diabetes were found to be independent risk factors for hypertension. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension in Vietnam is high, and the proportion of treated and controlled patients is rather low.
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Abstract
Climate change is the greatest global health threat of the twenty-first century, yet it is not widely understood as a health hazard by primary care providers in the United States. Aside from increasing displacement of populations and acute trauma resulting from increasing frequency of natural disasters, the impact of climate change on temperature stress, vector-borne illnesses, cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses, and mental health is significant, with disproportionate impact on underserved and marginalized populations. Primary care providers must be aware of the impact of climate change on the health of their patients and advocate for adaptation and mitigation policies for the populations they serve.
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Natuzzi ES, Joshua C, Shortus M, Reubin R, Dalipanda T, Ferran K, Aumua A, Brodine S. Defining Population Health Vulnerability Following an Extreme Weather Event in an Urban Pacific Island Environment: Honiara, Solomon Islands. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 95:307-14. [PMID: 27091867 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme weather events are common and increasing in intensity in the southwestern Pacific region. Health impacts from cyclones and tropical storms cause acute injuries and infectious disease outbreaks. Defining population vulnerability to extreme weather events by examining a recent flood in Honiara, Solomon Islands, can help stakeholders and policymakers adapt development to reduce future threats. The acute and subacute health impacts following the April 2014 floods were defined using data obtained from hospitals and clinics, the Ministry of Health and in-country World Health Organization office in Honiara. Geographical information system (GIS) was used to assess morbidity and mortality, and vulnerability of the health system infrastructure and households in Honiara. The April flash floods were responsible for 21 acute deaths, 33 injuries, and a diarrhea outbreak that affected 8,584 people with 10 pediatric deaths. A GIS vulnerability assessment of the location of the health system infrastructure and households relative to rivers and the coastline identified 75% of the health infrastructure and over 29% of Honiara's population as vulnerable to future hydrological events. Honiara, Solomon Islands, is a rapidly growing, highly vulnerable urban Pacific Island environment. Evaluation of the mortality and morbidity from the April 2014 floods as well as the infectious disease outbreaks that followed allows public health specialists and policy makers to understand the health system and populations vulnerability to future shocks. Understanding the negative impacts natural disaster have on people living in urban Pacific environments will help the government as well as development partners in crafting resilient adaptation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen S Natuzzi
- World Health Organization, Solomon Islands Office, Honiara, Solomon Islands. San Diego State University, School of Public Health, San Diego, California.
| | - Cynthia Joshua
- Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Solomon Islands, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - Matthew Shortus
- World Health Organization, Vanuatu Office, Port Villa, Vanuatu
| | - Reginald Reubin
- Ministry of Environment, Climate Change, Disaster Management and Meteorology, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - Tenneth Dalipanda
- Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Solomon Islands, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - Karen Ferran
- San Diego State University, School of Public Health, San Diego, California
| | - Audrey Aumua
- Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Suva, Fiji
| | - Stephanie Brodine
- San Diego State University, School of Public Health, San Diego, California
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Takahashi K, Kodama M, Gregorio ER, Tomokawa S, Asakura T, Waikagul J, Kobayashi J. School Health: an essential strategy in promoting community resilience and preparedness for natural disasters. Glob Health Action 2015; 8:29106. [PMID: 26689458 PMCID: PMC4685290 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v8.29106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction recommended the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, which aims to achieve substantial risk reduction and to avoid various disaster-associated losses, including human lives and livelihoods, based on the lessons from the implementation of the Hyogo framework. However, the recommendations did not lay enough stress on the school and the Safe School Concept, which are the core components of a disaster response. Objective To raise the issue of the importance of schools in disaster response. Results For human capacity building to avoid the damage caused by natural disasters, we should focus on the function of schools in the community and on school health framework. Schools perform a range of functions, which include being a landmark place for evacuation, acting as a participatory education hub among communities (students are usually from the surrounding communities), and being a sustainable source of current disaster-related information. In 2007, the Bangkok Action Agenda (BAA) on school education and disaster risk reduction (DRR) recommended the integration of DRR into education policy development, the enhancement of participatory mechanisms to improve DRR education, and the extension of DRR education from schools to communities. Based on our discussion and the recommendations of the BAA, we suggest that our existing challenges are to construct a repository of disaster-related lessons, develop training materials based on current information drawn from previous disasters, and disseminate the training to schools and communities. Conclusions Schools linked with school health can provide good opportunities for DRR with a focus on development of school health policy and a community-oriented participatory approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Takahashi
- Japanese Consortium for Global School Health Research, Okinawa, Japan.,Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan; ;
| | - Mitsuya Kodama
- Japanese Consortium for Global School Health Research, Okinawa, Japan.,Global Cooperation Institute for Sustainable Cities, Yokohama City University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ernesto R Gregorio
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, the Philippines
| | - Sachi Tomokawa
- Japanese Consortium for Global School Health Research, Okinawa, Japan.,Faculty of Education, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takashi Asakura
- Japanese Consortium for Global School Health Research, Okinawa, Japan.,Department of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jitra Waikagul
- School Health Promotion Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- Japanese Consortium for Global School Health Research, Okinawa, Japan.,Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Rocklöv J, Bao Giang K, Van Minh H, Ebi K, Nilsson M, Sahlen KG, Weinehall L. Local research evidence for public health interventions against climate change in Vietnam. Glob Health Action 2014; 7:26552. [PMID: 25511887 PMCID: PMC4265643 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v7.26552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joacim Rocklöv
- Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Kim Bao Giang
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Van Minh
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kristie Ebi
- Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria Nilsson
- Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Klas-Göran Sahlen
- Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Weinehall
- Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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