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Müller SA, Elimian K, Rafamatanantsoa JF, Reichert F, Mosala F, Böff L, Touré SF, Boone I, Ravaoarisoa L, Nduenga S, Ortu G, Pozo-Martin F, Tomczyk S, Eckmanns T, Okwor T, Akoua-Koffi C, Diané B, Randriamanantany ZA, Ahuka S, Ochu CL, El-Bcheraoui C. The burden and treatment of non-communicable diseases among healthcare workers in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1375221. [PMID: 38803813 PMCID: PMC11128585 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1375221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), the leading cause of death globally, are estimated to overtake communicable diseases in sub-Sahara Africa, where healthcare workers (HCWs) play a crucial role in prevention and treatment, but are in extreme shortage, thereby increasing the burden of NCDs among this specific population. To provide evidence for policy-making, we assessed the NCD burden, associated factors and treatment among HCWs in four sub-Saharan African countries. Materials and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study across four sub-Saharan African countries [Côte d'Ivoire (CIV), Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Madagascar (MDG), and Nigeria (NIG)] between February and December 2022. In a standardized questionnaire, sociodemographic, chronic disease and treatment data were self-reported. We estimated the prevalence of (1) at least one chronic disease, (2) hypertension, and used backward elimination logistic regression model to identify risk factors. Results We recruited a total of 6,848 HCWs. The prevalence of at least one chronic disease ranged between 9.7% in NIG and 20.6% in MDG, the prevalence of hypertension between 5.4% in CIV and 11.3% in MDG. At most, reported treatment rates reached 36.5%. The odds of each of both outcomes increased with age (at least one chronic disease adjusted odds ratio: CIV: 1.04; DRC: 1.09; MDG: 1.06; NIG: 1.10; hypertension: CIV: 1.10; DRC: 1.31; MDG: 1.11; NIG: 1.11) and with BMI (at least one chronic disease: CIV: 1.10; DRC: 1.07; MDG: 1.06; NIG: 1.08; hypertension: CIV: 1.10; DRC: 1.66; MDG: 1.13; NIG: 1.07). Odds of both outcomes were lower among males, except in CIV. In NIG, the odds of both outcomes were higher among medical doctors and odds of hypertension were higher among those working in secondary care. In MDG, working in secondary care increased and working as auxiliary staff decreased the odds of at least one chronic disease. Conclusion The prevalence of self-reported chronic disease varied across the four sub-Saharan countries with potentially very low treatment rates. We identified several individual (age, sex, and BMI) and occupational (profession, level of healthcare) factors that influence the odds of NCDs. These factors should be taken into account when developing interventions addressing the burden and management of NCDs among HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly Elimian
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Francis Mosala
- Institut National de la Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Lena Böff
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Sagesse Nduenga
- Institut National de la Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | | | | | | | - Tochi Okwor
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Bamourou Diané
- Center Hospitalier et Universitaire de Bouaké, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Steve Ahuka
- Institut National de la Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
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Farzadfar F, Yousefi M, Jafari-Khounigh A, Khorrami Z, Haghdoost A, Shadmani FK. Trend and projection of non-communicable diseases risk factors in Iran from 2001 to 2030. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8092. [PMID: 38582931 PMCID: PMC10998837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the trends and project the major risk factors of Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) in Iran. We obtained the trend of prevalence of main risk factors related to NCDs in 30 to 70-year-old-individuals. The data were extracted from WHO STEP wise approach to NCDs risk factor surveillance (STEPS) survey. Also,the previous studies conducted at national and subnational levels from 2001 to 2016 were employed. The prevalence of risk factors was projected by 2030 using Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) and Spatio-temporal model stratified by sex and province. The percent change for the age-standardized prevalence of smoking in men between 2001 and 2016 was calculated to be - 27.0. Also, the corresponding values for the risk factors of diabetes, hypertension, obesity and overweight, physical inactivity (PI), and mean of salt intake were - 26.1, 29.0, 70.0, 96.8, 116.6, and 7.5, respectively. It is predicted that smoking and these risk factors will undergo a change to show values of - 1.26, 38.7, 43.7, 2.36, and 15.3 by 2030, respectively. The corresponding values in women for the time interval of 2001-2016 were - 27.3, 26.3, 82.8, 1.88, 75.2, and 4.2, respectively. Plus, projections indicate that the 2030 variation values are expected to be - 25.0, 16.7, 37.5, 28.7, 26.7, and 10.9 respectively. This study showed that the prevalence of four risk factors of PI, overweight and obesity, hypertension, and diabetes is increasing in Iran. Therefor, it is necessary to carry out effective interventions to adopt a healthy lifestyle and reduce the risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Yousefi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
| | - Ali Jafari-Khounigh
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Khorrami
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - AliAkbar Haghdoost
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Sani RN, Connelly PJ, Toft M, Rowa-Dewar N, Delles C, Gasevic D, Karaye KM. Rural-urban difference in the prevalence of hypertension in West Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hum Hypertens 2024; 38:352-364. [PMID: 35430612 PMCID: PMC11001577 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Urbanisation is considered a major contributor to the rising prevalence of hypertension in West Africa, yet the evidence regarding rural-urban differences in the prevalence of hypertension in the region has been mixed. A systematic literature search of four electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, African Journals Online, and WHO's African Index Medicus; and reference lists of eligible studies was carried out. Original quantitative studies describing the rural-urban difference in the prevalence of hypertension in one or more countries in West Africa, and published in English language from the year 2000 to 2021 were included. A random effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the odds ratio of hypertension in rural compared to urban locations. A limited sex-based random effects meta-analysis was conducted with 16 studies that provided sex-disaggregated data. Of the 377 studies screened, 22 met the inclusion criteria (n = 62,907). The prevalence of hypertension was high in both rural, and urban areas, ranging from 9.7% to 60% in the rural areas with a pooled prevalence of 27.4%; and 15.5% to 59.2% in the urban areas with a pooled prevalence of 33.9%. The odd of hypertension were lower in rural compared to urban dwellers [OR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.66-0.83; p < 0.001]. The pooled prevalence of hypertension was 32.6% in males, and 30.0% in females, with no significant difference in the odds of hypertension between the sexes [OR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.8-1.05, p = 0.196]. Comprehensive hypertension control policies are needed for both rural, and urban areas in West Africa, and for both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqayya Nasir Sani
- Department of Medicine, Aminu kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
- Center for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Paul J Connelly
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mette Toft
- Center for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neneh Rowa-Dewar
- Center for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christian Delles
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Danijela Gasevic
- Center for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kamilu Musa Karaye
- Department of Medicine, Aminu kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
- Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
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Alinaitwe B, Amanya C, A Muwanguzi P, Ngabirano TD. Prevalence of Risk Factors for Hypertension Among Faculty at an Urban University in Uganda. Integr Blood Press Control 2024; 17:1-11. [PMID: 38196839 PMCID: PMC10773241 DOI: 10.2147/ibpc.s440972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hypertension is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many people however are not aware of their possession of risk factors for hypertension. There is a paucity of literature in Uganda describing the risk profile of faculty at public universities. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension risk factors among university teaching staff. Methods This study was conducted among faculty at Makerere University in Uganda. The modified World Health Organization STEP-wise approach for non-communicable disease surveillance was used in data collection. Hypertension was defined as having a systolic blood pressure of ≥140mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure of ≥90mmHg, or being on antihypertensive medications. Participants were enrolled from the faculty lists by proportionate to size systematic sampling until the sample size for each college was obtained. Data was collected from January to March 2018. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with hypertension. Results A total of 141 participants were recruited into the study. The prevalent risk factors for hypertension include physical inactivity (78.7%), overweight (46.8%), obesity (20.6%), addition of extra salt to food (46.8%), current alcohol consumption (33.3%), history of smoking (10.6%), inadequate fruit and vegetable servings per day (100%), family history of hypertension (40.4%) and a family history of diabetes (22.7%). Hypertension was prevalent at 26.2% (95% CI 18.94-33.46%). The risk factors significantly associated with hypertension included a family history of hypertension (p=0.009), obesity (p=0.008) and male gender (p = 0.029). Conclusion The prevalence of known hypertension risk factors among university teaching staff in urban Uganda is high. Majority of these risk factors are modifiable highlighting the need for continuous screening as well as introduction of prevention and health promotion strategies to reduce the risk burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Businge Alinaitwe
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- School of Nursing, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
| | - Charles Amanya
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Research, Hoima Regional Referral Hospital, Hoima, Uganda
| | - Patience A Muwanguzi
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tom Denis Ngabirano
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Adeola J, Obiezu F, Odukoya O, Igwilo U, Usinoma A, Bahiru E, May FP. Barriers and Facilitators to Risk Reduction of Cardiovascular Disease in Hypertensive Patients in Nigeria. Ann Glob Health 2023; 89:88. [PMID: 38107602 PMCID: PMC10723016 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the prevalence of hypertension is increasing due to many factors like rapid population growth, globalization, stress, and urbanization. We aimed to characterize the perceptions of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among individuals with hypertension living in Nigeria and identify barriers and facilitators to optimal hypertension management. Methods This cross-sectional survey study was conducted at a large teaching hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. We used a convenient sample of males and females, aged 18 or older, with a diagnosis of hypertension who presented for outpatient visits in the cardiology, nephrology, or family medicine clinics between November 1 and 30, 2020. A semiquantitative approach was utilized with a survey consisting of closed and open-ended questionnaires focused on patient knowledge, perceptions of CVD risk, and barriers and facilitators of behavioral modifications to reduce CVD risk. Results There were 256 subjects, and 62% were female. The mean age was 58.3 years (standard deviation (SD) = 12.6). The mean duration of the hypertension diagnosis was 10.1 years. Most participants were quite knowledgeable about hypertension; however, we observed some knowledge gaps, including a belief that too much "worrying or overthinking" was a major cause of hypertension and that an absence of symptoms indicated that hypertension was under control. Barriers to hypertension management include age, discomfort or pain, and lack of time as barriers to exercise. Tasteless meals and having to cook for multiple household members were barriers to decreasing salt intake. Cost and difficulty obtaining medications were barriers to medication adherence. Primary facilitators were family support or encouragement and incorporating lifestyle modifications into daily routines. Conclusion We identified knowledge gaps about hypertension and CVD among our study population. These gaps enable opportunities to develop targeted interventions by healthcare providers, healthcare systems, and local governments. Our findings also help in the promotion of community-based interventions that address barriers to hypertension control and promote community and family involvement in hypertension management in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Adeola
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fiona Obiezu
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Oluwakemi Odukoya
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos and Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
| | - Ugonnaya Igwilo
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos and Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
| | - Adewunmi Usinoma
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos and Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
| | - Ehete Bahiru
- Department of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Folasade P. May
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, UCLA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity and Department of Health Policy and Management, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Hwang S, Choi JW. Association between excessive alcohol consumption and hypertension control in hypertensive patients. Chronic Illn 2023; 19:625-634. [PMID: 35593078 DOI: 10.1177/17423953221102626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purposes of this study were to investigate the association between excessive alcohol consumption and control of hypertension and the associations stratified by sex, age, and duration of hypertension among Korean adults who were diagnosed with hypertension under medication. METHODS This study was cross-sectional design with a secondary data analysis using national data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey (KNHANES) collected from 2013 to 2018, including 4278 participants who were diagnosed with hypertension under medication. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the associations between excessive alcohol consumption and hypertension control while controlling for potential confounding variables. RESULTS The hypertensive patients who consumed excessive alcohol were more associated with uncontrolled hypertension (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.04-1.65) than those who do not consumed excessive alcohol. Specially, Excessive consumption of alcohol in men and young adults (<65 years) and short duration of hypertension (<5 years) were significantly more associated with uncontrolled hypertension compared to their counterparts. DISCUSSION To improve blood pressure (BP) control in hypertensive patients, healthcare plan should be focused to modifiable risk factors and the intervention for unhealthy alcohol consumption should be part of comprehensive treatment for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinwoo Hwang
- Korea Armed Forces Nursing Academy, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Choi
- Health Insurance Research Institute, National Health Insurance Service, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
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Agyemang-Pambour B, Osei I, Boateng-Osei EA, Kwarteng A, Dzomeku V. Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among public servants in Ejisu-Juaben municipality, Ghana. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:77. [PMID: 37189186 PMCID: PMC10186681 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We determined the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among public servants of Ejisu Juaben municipality. RESULTS The overall prevalence of hypertension was 29.3% (95%CI:22.5-36.1%) and only 8.6% of the participants were aware of their hypertensive status. Respondents who were > 40 years were twice as likely to develop hypertension compared to those who were ≤ 40 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-5.32]. Those who were married were 2.54 times more likely to be hypertensive compared with those unmarried [AOR = 2.54, 95%CI: 1.06-6.08]. Compared to health workers, Judicial and Security service workers were almost five times more likely to be hypertensive [AOR = 4.77, 95%CI: 1.20-18.96]. Being overweight [AOR = 2.25, 95%CI: 1.06-6.41] and obese [AOR = 4.80, 95%CI: 1.82-12.91] was associated with increased odds of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension among the participants in this study is high. Employee wellness programs are needed at workplaces and the Ghana Health Service must adopt targeted intervention programs such as regular screening for non-communicable diseases and promotion of physical activities at the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice Agyemang-Pambour
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac Osei
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, PO Box 273, Banjul, West Africa, The Gambia.
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | | | - Alexander Kwarteng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Veronica Dzomeku
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Dartey AF, Lasidji BN, Baku E, Worna Lotse C, Kuug AK, Dzansi G. A Descriptive Exploratory Study of the Causes and Effects of Hypertension Among Ghanaian Soldiers and Their Families. SAGE Open Nurs 2022; 8:23779608221129130. [PMID: 36245847 PMCID: PMC9554117 DOI: 10.1177/23779608221129130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The quality of life of any soldier can be affected by a simple diagnosis of Hypertension. Hypertension has not been directly linked to a single cause; however, knowing the associated risks and early diagnosis can help with its management. This study aimed to explore and describe the causes of hypertension among soldiers and its effects on their families. OBJECTIVES To explore and describe the causes of hypertension and its effects on soldiers and their families. METHODS A qualitative technique and an exploratory descriptive design were used in this study. At saturation, a total of 10 soldiers were face-to-face interviewed and gathered data simultaneously transcribed and subjected to a content analytic method of analysis. Participants approved being audio recorded on tape with an audio recording device. RESULTS Effects of hypertension on personal lives of soldiers, effects of hypertension on family life, and effects of hypertension on social life were identified as the causes and risk factors of hypertension among the soldiers. These themes are further expanded by their subthemes in the areas of decreased physical activity including sex life, decrease interaction with family, and isolation from friends. CONCLUSION This study revealed that hypertension does have effects on one's personal life, family life, and social life. Hence, it is recommended that frequent health education on hypertension and its effects should be organized in the various Garrisons by the public health department for all soldiers and their families. Screening programs should be organized for early hypertension detection. Soldiers should be educated on appropriate eating habits, weight and financial management, and reduction in tobacco and alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Fafa Dartey
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
- Anita Fafa Dartey, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana.
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| | | | - Elizabeth Baku
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Comfort Worna Lotse
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | | | - Gladys Dzansi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
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Ali NA, Feroz A, Khoja A. Prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among cotton textile workers in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Public Health 2022; 211:128-135. [PMID: 36113198 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among adult cotton textile workers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS A review of English articles was performed between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2021, using the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Studies that measure the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adult cotton textile workers in LMICs were included. Extraction of articles and quality assessment of included studies were performed independently by two authors using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool checklist. RESULTS Of 2476 titles screened after duplication, 50 studies were shortlisted for full-text review, and a total of 10 studies were included. Of those 10 studies, seven were carried out in India, one in Indonesia, Iraq, and Iran. Using Stata version 6, the pooled prevalence of hypertension among the cotton textile workers was 18.0% (95% confidence interval: 11.0-25.0, random effect model: I2 = 97.12%). Classic risk factors, including age, family history of hypertension, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and high waist-to-hip ratio, were recounted, whereas peculiar to the settings, noise level, improper use of earplugs, duration of noise exposure, working duration, and working in weaving section were reported. CONCLUSION The limited available evidence indicates a significant prevalence of hypertension among cotton workers in LMICs. In the wave of double burden of non-communicable diseases in developing countries, considering context-specific risk factors is critical in controlling hypertension by prioritizing organizational plans and policies to optimize workers' health. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020167175.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Ali
- Msc in Epidemiology & Biostatistics, The Aga Khan University - School of Nursing and Midwifery, Stadium Road, PO Box 3500, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
| | - A Feroz
- Msc in Health Policy & Management, The Aga Khan University - Department of Community Health Sciences, Stadium Road, PO Box 3500, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - A Khoja
- Msc in Epidemiology & Biostatistics, The Aga Khan University - Department of Medicine, Stadium Road, PO Box 3500, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
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Mensah NA, Sanuade OA, Baatiema L. Perceptions of community members on contextual factors driving cardiovascular disease behavioural risk in Ghana: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1240. [PMID: 35733208 PMCID: PMC9219153 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is clear evidence that lifestyle interventions are effective towards reducing cardiovascular risk. However, implementing these interventions in real-world setting has been suboptimal, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, thus creating ‘evidence to practice gap.’ We explore perceptions of community members on contextual factors driving cardiovascular disease (CVD) behavioural risk (alcohol consumption, smoking, physical (in)activity and fruits and vegetables consumption) in Ghana. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Thirty (30) focus group discussions (FGDs) were carried out in five communities in Ghana (Ga Mashie, Tafo, Gyegyeano, Chanshegu and Agorve) between October and November 2017, and these were analysed using a thematic approach. Results Five main factors were raised by participants as contextual factors driving alcohol consumption and smoking and these include economic (poverty, unemployment, loss of jobs), psycho-social (worries, hardships, anxieties), medical (pain suppression, illness management), sexual (sexual performance boost), and socio-cultural (curse invocation, quest for supernatural powers) factors. Personal/social factors (time constraints, personal dislike, lack of knowledge of the benefits of exercise), economic factors (poverty, economic hardship), and negative health effects (getting tired easily, medical conditions) were cited as reasons why community members did not engage in physical activity. Consumption of fruits and vegetables in the five communities were determined by availability, cost, personal (dis)like, lack of knowledge about benefits, and cultural taboo. Participants’ narratives revealed that the symbolic functions of some of these behavioural risk factors and the built environment were important determining factors that have sustained these behaviours in these communities over the years. Conclusions This study showed that successful implementation of CVD interventions in Ghana needs to address the perceptions of community members on factors driving CVD behavioural risk factors. Future policies and interventions should be developed based on these contextual factors taking into consideration the age, sex and ethnic variations especially with interventions seeking to address CVD risk factors at the primary health care level. These findings should urge local policy makers and health managers to incorporate the roles of these contextual factors in new programs targeting cardiovascular health. Closing the ‘evidence to practice’ gap as far as CVD interventions are concerned may be impossible without this. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13646-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naa Adjeley Mensah
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Olutobi Adekunle Sanuade
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA.
| | - Leonard Baatiema
- Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Castro PR, Abreu RM, Kochergin CN, Medeiros DSD, Soares DA, Louzado JA, Silva KO, Cortes ML, Mistro S, Bezerra VM, Amorim WW, Oliveira MG. Industry workers with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of self-reported adherence, and disease control. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Kebede B, Chelkeba L, Dessie B. Rate of blood pressure control and its determinants among adult hypertensive patients at Jimma University Medical Center, Ethiopia: Prospective cohort study. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211006000. [PMID: 34659760 PMCID: PMC8514076 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211006000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the fact that the goals for the management of hypertension are well-defined and effective therapies are available, control of hypertension remains poor in countries with low resources including Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine blood pressure control rate and its determinants among ambulatory adult hypertensive patients at Jimma University Medical Center. Methods A general prospective cohort study was conducted among adult hypertensive patients who had regular follow-up at Jimma University Cardiac Clinic from 20 March to 20 June 2018. Hypertensive patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected in the first month of the data collection period. Then, only those patients who visited the clinic at the first month were consequently followed-up for the next 3 months. The Eighth Joint National Committee guideline was used to categorize controlled and uncontrolled blood pressures. Patients' specific data were collected using a structured data collection tool. Data were analyzed using the statistical software package SPSS version 21.0. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent variables influencing blood pressure control. p-values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results From a total of 416 patients, 237 (57.0%) were male with a mean age of 56.50 ± 11.96 years. Two hundred and fifty eight (62.0%) participants had comorbid conditions and 275 (66.1%) were on combination therapy. The rate of blood pressure control was 42.8%. Age ⩾60 years was negatively associated with uncontrolled blood pressure (adjusted odd ratio = 0.52, confidence interval = 0.31-0.88, p = 0.015). Medication non-adherence (adjusted odd ratio = 1.64, confidence interval = 1.04-2.58, p = 0.034) and non-adherence to international guidelines (adjusted odd ratio = 2.33, confidence interval = 1.49-3.64, p < 0001) were positively associated with uncontrolled blood pressure. Conclusion The rate of blood pressure control among hypertensive patients was suboptimal. Age, clinicians' non-adherence to international guidelines, and patients' non-adherence to medications were independent predictors of blood pressure control. Physicians and clinical pharmacists should adhere to guidelines for better treatment and care of hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekalu Kebede
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Legese Chelkeba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Bekalu Dessie
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Bosu WK, Bosu DK. Prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in Ghana: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248137. [PMID: 33667277 PMCID: PMC7935309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a major health problem in Ghana, being a leading cause of admissions and deaths in the country. In the context of a changing food and health policy environment, we undertook a systematic review (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020177174) and a meta-analysis of the prevalence of adult hypertension, and its awareness and control in Ghana. METHODS We searched major databases including PubMed, Embase as well as Google Scholar and online digital collections of public universities of Ghana to locate relevant published and unpublished community-based articles up till April 2020. FINDINGS Eighty-five articles involving 82,045 apparently-healthy subjects aged 15-100 years were analyzed. In individual studies, the prevalence of hypertension, defined in most cases as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg, ranged from 2.8% to 67.5%. The pooled prevalence from the meta-analysis was 27.0% (95% CI 24.0%-30.0%), being twice as high in the coastal (28%, 95% CI: 24.0%-31.0%) and middle geo-ecological belts (29%, 95% CI: 25.0%-33.0%) as in the northern belt (13%, 95% CI: 7.0%-21.0%). The prevalence was similar by sex, urban-rural residence or peer-review status of the included studies. It did not appear to vary over the study year period 1976-2019. Of the subjects with hypertension, only 35% (95% CI: 29.0%-41.0%) were aware of it, 22% (95% CI: 16.0%-29.0%) were on treatment and 6.0% (95% CI: 3.0%-10.0%) had their blood pressure controlled. Sensitivity analyses corroborated the robust estimates. There was, however, high heterogeneity (I2 = 98.7%) across the studies which was partly explained by prevalent obesity in the subjects. CONCLUSION More than one in four adults in Ghana have hypertension. This high prevalence has persisted for decades and is similar in rural and urban populations. With the low awareness and poor control of hypertension, greater investments in cardiovascular health are required if Ghana is to meet the global target for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Kofi Bosu
- Department of Public Health and Research, West African Health Organisation, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Dary Kojo Bosu
- Department of Paediatrics, St Dominic’s Hospital, Akwatia, Ghana
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Selowo T, Usar I, Isichei M, Mohammed A, Ozoilo J, Adeniyi A. Prevalence of hypertension and assessment of its risk factors among traders in rukuba-road satellite market in Jos, North Central Nigeria. NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/njm.njm_138_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Wanghi GI, Mutombo PB, Sumaili EK. Prevalence and determinants of hypertension among students of the University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: a cross-sectional study. Afr Health Sci 2019; 19:2854-2862. [PMID: 32127861 PMCID: PMC7040345 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2017 ACC/AHA Guideline categorized blood pressure into 4 levels:normal (SBP<120 and DBP <80mm Hg), elevated (SBP of 120-129 or DBP< 80 mmHg) and stage 1 (SBP of 130-139 or DBP of 80-89 mm Hg) or 2 (SBP≥140 orDBP≥90mmHg). Compared with the JNC7 guideline, the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline recommends using lower SBP and DBP levels to define hypertension. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of hypertension as well as associated factors among students of the University of Kinshasa. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the University of Kinshasa and including 1 281 students aged between 18 and 30. Blood pressure was assessed according to the WHO STEPwise approach, which is a standardized method of data collection, analysis and dissemination for the surveillance of non-communicable diseases in WHO member countries. The Chi-square and Student's t-tests and a multivariate logistic regression analysis have been used to evaluate the results. Statistical analyses were done using IBM SPSS version 21. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension according to the guidelines from the 2017 ACC/AHA and the JNC 7 was 26.4 % (CI 95%; 23.9 - 28.9) and 7.3 % (CI 95%; 5.8 - 8.8), respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking, alcohol abuse, overweight, male sex, age ≥ 24 years old and low physical activity were associated with hypertension (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION At least one out of four students had hypertension. These data should encourage public health authorities to develop strategies for screening of BP and topromote the adoption of healthy lifestyle in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy I Wanghi
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, DR Congo
| | - Paulin B Mutombo
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, DR Congo
| | - Ernest K Sumaili
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, DR Congo
- Renal unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, DR Congo
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Bosu WK, Aheto JMK, Zucchelli E, Reilly ST. Determinants of systemic hypertension in older adults in Africa: a systematic review. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:173. [PMID: 31331284 PMCID: PMC6647089 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An estimated 55% of older adults in Africa have systemic hypertension, a major risk factor for stroke, heart failure and dementia in the region. The risk factors associated with hypertension in this population group in Africa have not been systematically evaluated. We, therefore, undertook a systematic review to identify these risk factors. METHODS We searched for population-based studies of adults aged ≥50 years living in Africa and reporting an estimate of hypertension and associated risk factors. We included articles published in any language between January 1980 and May 2018 using a comprehensive search strategy. We extracted data including the sample characteristics, prevalence of hypertension and risk factors with their effect sizes. RESULTS From an initial 10,719 records, we retained 63 eligible full text articles for review out of which we analyzed 23 studies made up of 19 primary and four multiple publications which had data on risk factors from bivariate or multivariable analysis. The primary studies, published from 2010 to 2018, involved a total of 30,500 participants in 12 different countries with mean ages ranging from 62.7 ± 9 years to 76.9 ± 8.4 years. Through narrative synthesis, we found consistent determinants of hypertension (overweight/obesity and history of stroke), less consistent but frequent determinants (including older age group, female sex and urban residence), inconsistent determinants (including education, wealth index, alcohol intake and physical activity) and nonsignificant covariates (marital status and having health insurance). Overall, the highest adjusted odds ratios were those associated with obesity and history of stroke. CONCLUSION The key determinants of systemic hypertension in older adults in Africa are older age group, overweight/obesity, history of stroke and female sex. Health programmes should promote weight reduction throughout the life course, including during the middle and older age of African adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Kofi Bosu
- Department of Public Health and Research, West African Health Organisation, Bobo-Dioulasso, 01 BP 153 Burkina Faso
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Furness Building, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG UK
| | - Justice Moses Kwaku Aheto
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 13, Legon, Accra Ghana
| | - Eugenio Zucchelli
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Furness Building, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG UK
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Study (MIAS), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Einstein, 13 Pabellón C 1a planta, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Siobhan Theresa Reilly
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Furness Building, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG UK
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Kahn FK, Wake M, Lycett K, Clifford S, Burgner DP, Goldsmith G, Grobler AC, Lange K, Cheung M. Vascular function and stiffness: population epidemiology and concordance in Australian children aged 11-12 years and their parents. BMJ Open 2019; 9:34-43. [PMID: 31273014 PMCID: PMC6624058 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the epidemiology and parent-child concordance of vascular function in a population-based sample of Australian parent-child dyads at child age 11-12 years. DESIGN Cross-sectional study (Child Health CheckPoint), nested within a prospective cohort study, the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). SETTING Assessment centres in seven major Australian cities and eight regional towns or home visits, February 2015-March 2016. PARTICIPANTS Of all participating CheckPoint families (n=1874), 1840 children (49% girls) and 1802 parents (88% mothers) provided vascular function data. Survey weights and methods were applied to account for LSAC's complex sample design and clustering within postcodes and strata. OUTCOME MEASURES The SphygmoCor XCEL assessed vascular function, generating estimates of brachial and central systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, central pulse pressure, augmentation index and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. Pearson's correlation coefficients and multivariable linear regression models estimated parent-child concordance. RESULTS Hypertension was present in 3.9% of children and 9.0% of parents. Mean child and parent values for augmentation index were 4.5% (SD 11.6) and 21.3% (SD 12.3), respectively, and those for carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity were 4.48 m/s (SD 0.59) and 6.85 m/s (SD 1.14), respectively. Parent-child correlation for brachial systolic blood pressure was 0.20 (95% CI 0.15 to 0.24), brachial diastolic blood pressure 0.21 (95% CI 0.16 to 0.26), central systolic blood pressure 0.21 (95% CI 0.16 to 0.25), central diastolic blood pressure 0.21 (95% CI0.17 to 0.26), central pulse pressure 0.19 (95% CI 0.14 to 0.24), augmentation index 0.28 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.32) and pulse wave velocity 0.22 (95% CI 0.18 to 0.27). CONCLUSIONS We report Australian values for traditional and more novel vascular function markers, providing a reference for future population studies. Cross-generational concordance in multiple vascular function markers is already established by age 11-12 years, with mechanisms of heritability remaining to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya K Kahn
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics and The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Lycett
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan Clifford
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David P Burgner
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Greta Goldsmith
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anneke C Grobler
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Lange
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Cheung
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Bosu WK, Reilly ST, Aheto JMK, Zucchelli E. Hypertension in older adults in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214934. [PMID: 30951534 PMCID: PMC6450645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is the leading driver of cardiovascular disease deaths in Africa. Its prevalence is highest in older populations. Yet, this group has received little attention in many African countries. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration: CRD42017056474) to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in older adults living in Africa. METHODS We searched grey literature and major electronic databases including PubMed and Embase for population-based studies and published between 1 January 1980 to 28 May 2018 reporting the prevalence of hypertension for adults aged ≥50 years living in Africa. We employed a random effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence across included studies. FINDINGS We screened 10,719 articles and retrieved 103 full-text articles to evaluate for inclusion in the review. Thirty-four unique studies providing 37 data points on 43,025 individuals in 15 African countries were analyzed. The prevalence of hypertension ranged from 22.3% to 90.0% from the individual studies while the overall pooled prevalence was 57.0% (95% CI 52%-61%). The prevalence was not statistically significantly different by sex, residence, or African sub-region. In individual studies, older age and overweight/obesity were independently associated with hypertension. Twenty-nine (78%) data points were deemed to be of low- or moderate-risk of bias. Eliminating high-risk bias studies made little difference to the pooled estimate of hypertension. Sensitivity analyses, omitting one study at a time, identified three studies with significant but relatively small impact on the pooled estimate. We observed substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 98.9%) across the studies which was further explored by meta-regression analyses. Overall, the GRADE assessment suggested moderate quality evidence in the results. CONCLUSION The persistent high prevalence of hypertension among older adults in Africa, even in rural populations warrants more attention to the cardiovascular health of this group by public health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Kofi Bosu
- Department of Public Health and Research, West African Health Organisation, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Siobhan Theresa Reilly
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eugenio Zucchelli
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
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Dokun-Mowete CA, Sharma M, Beatty F. Using Multitheory Model to Predict Low-Salt Intake Among Nigerian Adults Living With Hypertension. INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATION 2019; 39:245-255. [PMID: 30602335 DOI: 10.1177/0272684x18821308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the public health recommendations for the management of hypertension is the reduction of sodium/salt intake. The purpose of this study was to use the novel multitheory model of health behavior change to predict the initiation and maintenance of low-salt intake among adult Nigerian hypertensives. A quantitative cross-sectional design utilizing a convenience sample of 149 consenting Nigerian adults living with hypertension were self-administered a valid and reliable 39-item instrument. Multivariate regression analysis revealed 40.6% of the variance in initiating the consumption of low-salt diets explained by advantages outweighing disadvantages, behavioral confidence, and changes in physical environment. About 41.8% of the variance to sustain the intake of low-salt diet was explained by emotional transformation, practice for change, and changes in social environment. The results justified the predictive role of multitheory model and adequacy of its utility to build evidence-based health education interventions for hypertension in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manoj Sharma
- 2 Behavioral and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, MS, USA.,3 College of Health Sciences, Walden University, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Frazier Beatty
- 3 College of Health Sciences, Walden University, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Tavares L, Calhau C, Polónia J. Assessment of cardiovascular risk and social framework of Cape Verdean university students studying in Portugal. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Tavares L, Calhau C, Polónia J. Assessment of cardiovascular risk and social framework of Cape Verdean university students studying in Portugal. Rev Port Cardiol 2018; 37:577-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Osei-Yeboah J, Kye-Amoah KK, Owiredu WKBA, Lokpo SY, Esson J, Bella Johnson B, Amoah P, Asumbasiya Aduko R. Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study at the Sefwi-Wiawso Municipal Hospital, Ghana. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8904548. [PMID: 29850585 PMCID: PMC5937588 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8904548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a dearth of information about the burden of cardiometabolic risk factors among the Ghanaian health workforce in the Western Region. This study sought to determine the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors among healthcare workers at the Sefwi-Wiawso Municipal Hospital in the Western Region of Ghana. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 112 employees of the Sefwi-Wiawso Municipal Hospital was conducted. The cardiometabolic risk variables assessed were obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and diabetes. Sociodemographic parameters were also captured. The prevalence of hypertension and obesity was determined using the JNC VII panel and WHO BMI criteria for obesity classifications. Blood lipids and glucose concentrations were evaluated using standard methods. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension was 16.07% and 52.68%, respectively. About 38.39% of participants were overweight, and 12.50% were obese. Atherogenic dyslipidaemia was 26.79%, whereas prediabetes glycaemic levels and diabetes incidence were 5.41% and 4.50%, respectively. Fifty percent (50.00%) of participants presented at least one cardiometabolic risk factor. Aging and adiposity were associated with increasing cardiometabolic risk. CONCLUSION Cardiometabolic risk factors are prevalent among healthcare providers in Sefwi-Wiawso. The cardiometabolic dysregulation observed among this cohort of healthcare professionals may be modulated by age and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Osei-Yeboah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Kenneth Kwame Kye-Amoah
- Laboratory Department, Sefwi-Wiawso Municipal Hospital, Ghana Health Service, Sefwi-Wiawso, Western Region, Ghana
| | - William K. B. A. Owiredu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Diagnostic Directorate, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Sylvester Yao Lokpo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Joseph Esson
- Laboratory Department, Sefwi-Wiawso Municipal Hospital, Ghana Health Service, Sefwi-Wiawso, Western Region, Ghana
| | - Beatrice Bella Johnson
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Paul Amoah
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Laboratory Department, Volta Regional Hospital, Ghana Health Service, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana
| | - Romeo Asumbasiya Aduko
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
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Boateng D, Wekesah F, Browne JL, Agyemang C, Agyei-Baffour P, Aikins ADG, Smit HA, Grobbee DE, Klipstein-Grobusch K. Knowledge and awareness of and perception towards cardiovascular disease risk in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189264. [PMID: 29232703 PMCID: PMC5726714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of non-communicable disease mortality in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Gaps in knowledge of CVD conditions and their risk factors are important barriers in effective prevention and treatment. Yet, evidence on the awareness and knowledge level of CVD and associated risk factors among populations of SSA is scarce. This review aimed to synthesize available evidence of the level of knowledge of and perceptions towards CVDs and risk factors in the SSA region. METHODS Five databases were searched for publications up to December 2016. Narrative synthesis was conducted for knowledge level of CVDs, knowledge of risk factors and clinical signs, factors influencing knowledge of CVDs and source of health information on CVDs. The review was registered with Prospero (CRD42016049165). RESULTS Of 2212 titles and abstracts screened, 45 full-text papers were retrieved and reviewed and 20 were included: eighteen quantitative and two qualitative studies. Levels of knowledge and awareness for CVD and risk factors were generally low, coupled with poor perception. Most studies reported less than half of their study participants having good knowledge of CVDs and/or risk factors. Proportion of participants who were unable to identify a single risk factor and clinical symptom for CVDs ranged from 1.8% in a study among hospital staff in Nigeria to a high of 73% in a population-based survey in Uganda and 7% among University staff in Nigeria to 75.1% in a general population in Uganda respectively. High educational attainment and place of residence had a significant influence on the levels of knowledge for CVDs among SSA populations. CONCLUSION Low knowledge of CVDs, risk factors and clinical symptoms is strongly associated with the low levels of educational attainment and rural residency in the region. These findings provide useful information for implementers of interventions targeted at the prevention and control of CVDs, and encourages them to incorporate health promotion and awareness campaigns in order to enhance knowledge and awareness of CVDs in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Boateng
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frederick Wekesah
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joyce L. Browne
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Agyei-Baffour
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Henriette A. Smit
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diederick E. Grobbee
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Mawaw PM, Yav T, Mukuku O, Lukanka O, Kazadi PM, Tambwe D, Omba J, Kakoma JB, Bangs MJ, Luboya ON. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and associated risk factors in a mining workforce, Democratic Republic of Congo. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 28:282. [PMID: 29942414 PMCID: PMC6011003 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.28.282.14361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). According to the World Health Organization (WHO) the largest increase occurs in Africa. Obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypertension (ODH) are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, causing nearly 18 million deaths worldwide. Various risks associated with mining as an occupational activity are implicated in NCDs' occurrence. This study describes the baseline prevalence of ODH and associated risk factors in the workforce of Tenke Fungurume Mining (TFM), in southern Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 2,749 employees' and contractor's occupational health examination files for 2010. Socio-demographic, occupational, medical, anthropometric and behavioral characteristics were collected and assessed. Disease status regards ODH was based on WHO criteria. A multivariate logistic regression model was used. Results Overall prevalence of ODH was 4.5%, 11.7%, and 18.2% respectively. Proportions of pre-ODH individuals were 19.7%, 16.5%, and 47.8% respectively. Prevalence of ODH increased with age, professional grade, nature of work, gender and reported alcohol use. Smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day increased risk of diabetes and hypertension, while decreasing obesity. Conclusion Rates of ODH and associated risk factors are higher in the TFM workforce, than in the general DRC population. This is likely reflective of other mining sites in the country and region. It is evident that ODH are associated with various socio-demographic, occupational, anthropometric, biomedical and behavioral risk factors. A NCD prevention program and close monitoring of disease and risk factors trends are needed in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Makan Mawaw
- Department of Public Health, University of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Thierry Yav
- Department of Public Health, University of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Olivier Mukuku
- Department of Research, High School for Medical Technics of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Olivier Lukanka
- Department of Public Health, University of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Patrick Mumba Kazadi
- Occupational Health Clinic, International SOS Tenke Fungurume Mine, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Daniel Tambwe
- International SOS Clinic, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jules Omba
- Anglo-Gold Ashanti, Mongbwalu Clinic, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jean-Baptiste Kakoma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Michael John Bangs
- Freeport/International SOS Public Health and Malaria Control, Kuala Kencana, Papua, Indonesia
| | - Oscar Numbi Luboya
- Department of Public Health, University of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
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Bosu WK, Aheto JMK, Zucchelli E, Reilly S. Prevalence, awareness, and associated risk factors of hypertension in older adults in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Syst Rev 2017; 6:192. [PMID: 28978358 PMCID: PMC5628476 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health of older persons has not been a major priority in many African countries. Hypertension is one of the common health problems of older persons. However, there is little information on the prevalence of hypertension in older adults in Africa. This is in spite of the fact that Africa has the highest age-standardized prevalence of hypertension in the world. We therefore present this protocol to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of hypertension and the level of its awareness among older persons living in Africa. METHODS Major databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, PsycINFO) and unpublished literature will be searched to identify population-based studies on hypertension in adults aged 50 years and older living in Africa. Eligible articles are those which use the 140/90-mmHg cutoff to diagnose hypertension and were published from 1980 to present. We will exclude subjects in restricted environments such as patients and refugees. Articles will be independently evaluated by two reviewers to determine if they meet the inclusion criteria. They will also evaluate the quality of included studies using a validated tool by Hoy and colleagues for prevalence studies. The main outcome is the prevalence of hypertension while the explanatory variables include demographic, socio-economic, dietary, lifestyle and behavioural factors. Effect sizes in bivariate and multivariate analyses will be presented as odds or prevalence ratios. We will explore for heterogeneity of the standard errors across the studies, and if appropriate, we will perform a meta-analysis using a random-effects model to present a summary estimate of the prevalence of hypertension in this population. DISCUSSION The estimates of the prevalence, the risk factors and the level of awareness of hypertension could help in galvanizing efforts at prioritizing the cardiovascular health of older persons in Africa. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017056474.
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Affiliation(s)
- William K Bosu
- West African Health Organisation (WAHO), 175 Avenue Ouezzin Coulibaly, 01 BP 153, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. .,Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Furness Building, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK.
| | - Justice M K Aheto
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, LG 13, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Eugenio Zucchelli
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Furness Building, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Siobhan Reilly
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Furness Building, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
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Vinholes DB, Bassanesi SL, Chaves Junior HDC, Machado CA, Melo IMF, Fuchs FD, Fuchs SC. Association of workplace and population characteristics with prevalence of hypertension among Brazilian industry workers: a multilevel analysis. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015755. [PMID: 28827245 PMCID: PMC5724203 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to risk factors for hypertension may be influenced by the characteristics of the workplace, where workers spend most of their daily time. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between features of the companies, particularly the presence of facilities to provide meals, and of population characteristics and the prevalence of hypertension, taking into account individual risk factors for hypertension. MATERIAL AND METHODS This multilevel analysis was based on a cross-sectional study with individual and company data from the SESI (Serviço Social da Indústria-Social Service of Industries) study and population-based data from the national census statistics. Workers aged ≥15 years were randomly selected from small (20-99), medium (100-499) and large (≥500 employees) companies per state using multistage sampling. Logistic regression was used to analyse the association between hypertension and individual, workplace and population variables, with odds ratios (ORs; 95% CI) adjusted for three-level variables. RESULTS 4818 Workers from 157 companies were interviewed and their blood pressure, weight and height were measured. Overall, 77% were men, aged 35.4 ±10.7 years, with 8.7 ±4.1 years of schooling and mostly worked in companies with a staff canteen (66%). Besides individual characteristics-being male, ageing, low schooling, alcohol abuse and higher BMI-a workplace with no staff canteen (OR=1.28; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.52), small companies (OR=1.31; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.60) and living in cities with higher economic inequality (OR=1.47; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.76) were associated with a higher risk for hypertension. CONCLUSION Among Brazilian workers, the prevalence of hypertension is associated with individual risk factors, lack of a canteen at the workplace, small companies and higher economic inequalities of cities. These three-level characteristics help to interpret differences in the prevalence of hypertension between regions or countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele B Vinholes
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L Bassanesi
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Alberto Machado
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ione M F Melo
- Formerly at Unit of Health and Safety of Work, Serviço Social da Indústria (SESI), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Flavio Danni Fuchs
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sandra Costa Fuchs
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Agaba EI, Akanbi MO, Agaba PA, Ocheke AN, Gimba ZM, Daniyam S, Okeke EN. A survey of non-communicable diseases and their risk factors among university employees: a single institutional study. Cardiovasc J Afr 2017; 28:377-384. [PMID: 28820539 PMCID: PMC5885043 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2017-021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of non-communicable diseases(NCDs) is rising globally, with its attendant morbidity andmortality, especially in developing countries. This study evaluatedthe prevalence of NCDs and their risk factors amongmembers of a university community. Methods All employees of the university were invited to the University health clinic for screening, using the World Health Organisation’s STEPwise approach to NCDs. Results A total of 883 (521; 59.0% males) employees with a mean age of 44 ± 10 years were studied. The median (IQR) number of NCD risk factors was three (two to three) per participant. The most common NCD risk factors were inadequate intake of fruit and vegetables (94.6%; 95% CI: 92.8–95.9), physical inactivity (77.8%; 95% CI: 74.9–80.5%) and dyslipidaemia (51.8%; 95% CI: 48.4–51.6%). Others included obesity (26.7%; 95% CI: 23.9–29.8%), alcohol use (24.0%; 95% CI: 21.3–27.0%) and cigarette smoking (2.9%; 95% CI: 2.0–4.3). Hypertension was the most common NCD (48.5%; 95% CI: 45.1–51.8%), followed by chronic kidney disease (13.6%; 95% CI: 11.4–16.1) and diabetes mellitus (8.0%; 95% CI: 6.4–10.1). There was no gender-specific difference in the prevalence of NCDs. Conclusion This study identified that NCDs and their modifiable risk factors are highly prevalent in this community. Workplace policy to support the adoption of healthy living is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amaka N Ocheke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Jos, Nigeria
| | - Zumnan M Gimba
- Department of Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
| | - Steve Daniyam
- University Health Centre, University of Jos, Nigeria
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Gebrezgi MT, Trepka MJ, Kidane EA. Barriers to and facilitators of hypertension management in Asmara, Eritrea: patients' perspectives. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2017; 36:11. [PMID: 28407794 PMCID: PMC5390439 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-017-0090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personal hypertension management is a cornerstone in the prevention of hypertension complications. In Eritrea, the increase in the national life expectancy rate has been accompanied by an increase in hypertension complications such as stroke. Hence, this study was designed to identify barriers and facilitates to hypertension management from the perspective of the patients. METHODS This was a qualitative study of a total of 48 individual in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions. It was conducted among hypertensive patients who were attending outpatient services at two hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea. RESULTS This study identified barriers and facilitators of hypertension management related to the individual patient, family and community, and healthcare system. With respect to individual factors, economic barriers, stress, non-adherence to medications due to the use of traditional remedies, and difficulties and misconceptions about following physical activity guidelines were mentioned as barriers to hypertension management. Related to the community and healthcare system, low community awareness, community stigma, and inadequate health promotion materials were stated as barriers. Individual knowledge, family, and government support were reported as very important factors to the patient's success in the personal hypertension management. CONCLUSIONS Counseling patients about adherence to medication, strengthening family and government support, and empowering families and the community with appropriate knowledge of hypertension management could potentially help in an individual's adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merhawi Teklezgi Gebrezgi
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL USA
| | - Mary Jo Trepka
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL USA
| | - Eyob Azaria Kidane
- Asmara College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, PO Box 8566, Asmara, Eritrea
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Shafi ST, Shafi T. A survey of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in health screening camps of rural central Punjab, Pakistan. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2017; 7:135-140. [PMID: 28188121 PMCID: PMC7320434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a global public health problem with increasing prevalence. There is limited updated information on the prevalence of hypertension in the Pakistani population. This is a cross-sectional study based on data collected during multiple health screening camps held at multiple locations in rural central Punjab, Pakistan in the period between 2008 and 2015. A total of 13,722 patients were included in this study. Crude prevalence of hypertension was 35.1% and age-standardized prevalence was 34.4%. Among patients with hypertension, 62.3% were aware of having high blood pressure; among these patients, 75.3% were already on treatment for hypertension. Blood pressure was controlled in 22.3% of all patients with hypertension. Among those on treatment for hypertension, blood pressure was controlled in 32.3%. Nearly one-third of patients in health screening camps of rural central Punjab had hypertension. Blood pressure control rate was poor among these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman T Shafi
- Department of Nephrology, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Jati Umra, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Tahir Shafi
- Department of Nephrology, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Jati Umra, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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Yu J, Zou DS, Xie MT, Ye Y, Zheng TP, Zhou SX, Huang LL, Liu XL, Xun JQ, Zhou Y. The interaction effects of risk factors for hypertension in adults: a cross-sectional survey in Guilin, China. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2016; 16:183. [PMID: 27663794 PMCID: PMC5035478 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-016-0358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of hypertension in adults is increasing each year and has become a main public health issue worldwide. We must consider the impact of both individual factors and interactions among these factors on hypertension in adults. This study was designed to elucidate the clinical and metabolic characteristics of the prevalence of hypertension in adults and to explore the risk factors and interactions among these factors in adults with hypertension. METHODS We used overall random sampling to conduct a cross-sectional survey of 6660 individuals undergoing a health check from July to November 2012, the subjects were aged 20 to 89 years, including 3480 men and 3180 women. The survey content included a questionnaire, anthropometry, laboratory measurements, and liver Doppler ultrasonography. The clinical and metabolic characteristics were compared between the cases (adult hypertensive patients) and the controls (normotensives). The classification tree model and the non-conditional logistic regression were used to analyze the interactions of risk factors for hypertension in adults. RESULTS In total, 1623 adult hypertensive patients (940 men and 683 women) were detected. The results showed that adult hypertensive patients were older and had higher levels of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, uric acid, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (P < 0.001). The classification tree model comprising 5 layers, 39 nodes, and 20 terminal nodes showed that two variables, age and BMI, were closely related to hypertension in adults. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for classification tree model was 81.6 % (95 % CI: 80.6 % ~ 82.5 %). Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that advanced age and high BMI had a significant positive interaction in terms of hypertension in adults. After controlling for confounding factors, the percentage of attributed interaction was 47.62 %. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that age, BMI, UA, TG, and TC were closely associated with the risk of hypertension in adults, and the positive interaction effect between advanced age and high BMI was an important risk factor for the prevalence of hypertension in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001 China
| | - Di-sha Zou
- The Graduate School of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001 China
| | - Meng-ting Xie
- The Graduate School of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001 China
| | - Yao Ye
- The Graduate School of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001 China
| | - Tian-peng Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001 China
| | - Su-xian Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001 China
| | - Li-li Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001 China
| | - Xiao-ling Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001 China
| | - Jing-qiong Xun
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001 China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001 China
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Cifkova R, Fodor G, Wohlfahrt P. Changes in Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control in High-, Middle-, and Low-Income Countries: An Update. Curr Hypertens Rep 2016; 18:62. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-016-0669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Determinants of Mean Blood Pressure and Hypertension among Workers in West Africa. Int J Hypertens 2016; 2016:3192149. [PMID: 26949543 PMCID: PMC4754493 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3192149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. This review was undertaken to estimate the mean blood pressure and evaluate its determinants as well as the determinants of hypertension among workers in West Africa. Methods. In a follow-up to an earlier study, a systematic search for articles published between 1980 and August 2015 was undertaken using major databases. Results. A total of 55 articles involving 34,919 different cadres of workers from six countries were retrieved. The mean systolic blood pressure (BP) ranged from 116.6 ± 1.3 mmHg to 151.7 ± 13.6 mmHg while the mean diastolic BP ranged from 69.6 ± 11.0 mmHg to 97.1 ± 9.1 mmHg. Population-wide prehypertension was common. The major determinants of mean BP and hypertension were similar and included male sex, older age group, higher socioeconomic status, obesity, alcohol consumption, plasma glucose, and sodium excretion. Ethnicity and educational level were inconsistently associated with hypertension. Workers at higher risk of cardiovascular event did not perceive themselves as such. Conclusion. The prevailing mean prehypertensive BP, low perception of risk, and clustering of risk factors call for interventions such as healthy diets, improved physical activity, and a favourable work environment. Successful models for improving the cardiovascular health of sedentary informal sector workers in Africa are urgently needed.
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Wandera SO, Kwagala B, Ntozi J. Prevalence and risk factors for self-reported non-communicable diseases among older Ugandans: a cross-sectional study. Glob Health Action 2015. [PMID: 26205363 PMCID: PMC4513181 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v8.27923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is limited evidence about the prevalence and risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among older Ugandans. Therefore, this article is aimed at investigating the prevalence of self-reported NCDs and their associated risk factors using a nationally representative sample. Design We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2010 Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) using a weighted sample of 2,382 older people. Frequency distributions for descriptive statistics and Pearson chi-square tests to identify the association between self-reported NCDs and selected explanatory variables were done. Finally, multivariable complementary log–log regressions to estimate the risk factors for self-reported NCDs among older people in Uganda were done. Results About 2 in 10 (23%) older persons reported at least one NCD [including hypertension (16%), diabetes (3%), and heart disease (9%)]. Among all older people, reporting NCDs was higher among those aged 60–69 and 70–79; Muslims; and Pentecostals and Seventh Day Adventists (SDAs). In addition, the likelihood of reporting NCDs was higher among older persons who depended on remittances and earned wages; owned a bicycle; were sick in the last 30 days; were disabled; and were women. Conversely, the odds of reporting NCDs were lower for those who were relatives of household heads and were poor. Conclusions In Uganda, self-reported NCDs were associated with advanced age, being a woman, having a disability, ill health in the past 30 days, being rich, depended on remittances and earning wages, being Muslim, Pentecostal and SDAs, and household headship. The Ministry of Health should prevent and manage NCDs by creating awareness in the public and improving the supply of essential drugs for these health conditions. Finally, there is a need for specialised surveillance studies of older people to monitor the trends and patterns of NCDs over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ojiambo Wandera
- Department of Population Studies, School of Statistics and Planning, College of Business and Management Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda;
| | - Betty Kwagala
- Department of Population Studies, School of Statistics and Planning, College of Business and Management Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - James Ntozi
- Department of Population Studies, School of Statistics and Planning, College of Business and Management Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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