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Hansen SH, Bramlage LR, Moore GE. Racing performance of Thoroughbred racehorses with suspensory ligament branch desmitis treated with mesenchymal stem cells (2010-2019). Equine Vet J 2024; 56:503-513. [PMID: 37534804 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suspensory ligament branch desmitis (SLBD) is a common injury in Thoroughbred racehorses. Orthobiologic treatment of these injuries is a relatively new approach, and there is limited information available on post injury racing performance in racehorses treated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). OBJECTIVES To assess racing performance post injury in Thoroughbred racehorses with SLBD treated with MSCs. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS Medical records of racehorses with SLBD treated with MSCs from 2010 to 2019 were reviewed. All horses were treated with allogeneic stem cells injected locally at the time of diagnosis and subsequently received 3-4 treatments with autologous bone-marrow derived MSCs. Ultrasonographic and radiographic images were evaluated to determine the degree of suspensory branch injury and sesamoiditis of the associated proximal sesamoid bone. Race performance was assessed by career length, class of races, number of starts and earnings post injury. Race performance of horses that raced pre and post injury were compared. RESULTS Of 69 treated horses, 71% (49/69) [95% CI: 59%-81%] raced post injury. Horses that had raced pre injury were more likely to race post injury (90% [18/20]) than horses that did not race pre injury (63% [31/49]; p = 0.03). Females were less likely to race post injury than males (52% [11/21] vs. 79% [38/49], respectively; p = 0.02). In the 18 horses that raced pre and post injury, the number of races, earnings and earnings per start were not significantly different pre and post injury. The average career length of all horses that raced post injury was 29.5 months. MAIN LIMITATIONS Retrospective study design and lack of controls. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with MSCs resulted in a majority of Thoroughbred racehorses with SLBD racing post treatment. Racing pre injury and being male was positively associated with racing post injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie H Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - George E Moore
- Department of Veterinary Administration, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Miglio A, Rocconi F, Cremonini V, D'Alessandro A, Reisz JA, Maslanka M, Lacroix IS, Tiscar G, Di Tommaso M, Antognoni MT. Effect of leukoreduction on the metabolism of equine packed red blood cells during refrigerated storage. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:1185-1195. [PMID: 38406982 PMCID: PMC10937500 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding of the biochemical and morphological lesions associated with storage of equine blood is limited. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the temporal sequences of lipid and metabolic profiles of equine fresh and stored (up to 42 days) and leukoreduced packed red blood cells (LR-pRBC) and non-leukoreduced packed RBC (nLR-pRBC). ANIMALS Packed RBC units were obtained from 6 healthy blood donor horses enrolled in 2 blood banks. METHODS Observational study. Whole blood was collected from each donor using transfusion bags with a LR filter. Leukoreduction pRBC and nLR-pRBC units were obtained and stored at 4°C for up 42 days. Sterile weekly sampling was performed from each unit for analyses. RESULTS Red blood cells and supernatants progressively accumulated lactate products while high-energy phosphate compounds (adenosine triphosphate and 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate) declined. Hypoxanthine, xanthine, and free fatty acids accumulated in stored RBC and supernatants. These lesions were exacerbated in non-LR-pRBC. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Leukoreduction has a beneficial effect on RBC energy and redox metabolism of equine pRBC and the onset and severity of the metabolic storage lesions RBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Miglio
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Francesca Rocconi
- Department of Veterinary MedicineVeterinary University Hospital, University of TeramoTeramoItaly
| | | | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Julie A. Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Mark Maslanka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Ian S. Lacroix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Giorgio Tiscar
- Department of Veterinary MedicineVeterinary University Hospital, University of TeramoTeramoItaly
| | - Morena Di Tommaso
- Department of Veterinary MedicineVeterinary University Hospital, University of TeramoTeramoItaly
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Duddy HR, Schoonover MJ, Hague BA. Outcome following local injection of a liquid amnion allograft for treatment of equine tendonitis or desmitis – 100 cases. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:391. [PMID: 36345002 PMCID: PMC9639279 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tendon and ligament injuries are significant causes of loss of use and early retirement in performance horses. Amniotic fluid and tissue are excellent sources of growth factors and cytokines important in tendon and ligament healing. Thus, an equine-origin liquid amnion allograft (ELAA) may be beneficial in the treatment of equine tendonitis and desmitis. Objectives of this study were to report the outcome achieved (i.e. ability to return to work) for horses diagnosed with tendonitis or desmitis lesions treated with local injection of ELAA and to compare these outcomes to those reported for other regenerative medicine modalities. Methods A prospective, multi-center, non-blinded clinical trial was conducted. Equine veterinarians at 14 sites were selected to participate in the data collection for the trial. Criterion for inclusion was a horse presenting with lameness which was attributed to tendonitis or desmitis by diagnostic anesthesia and/or imaging. These horses were subsequently treated by local injection of the lesion with ELAA by the attending veterinarian. Standardized questionnaires describing each horse’s signalment, discipline, ability to return to work, and any adverse events were completed and submitted by the attending veterinarian following a minimum of six months of follow-up. The current literature was reviewed to identify clinical studies reporting outcomes of equine tendonitis/desmitis lesions treated with other regenerative therapies. Contingency table analyses were performed comparing outcomes. Results Questionnaires for 100 horses with 128 tendonitis and desmitis lesions met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 72 horses with 94 lesions returned to or exceeded their original level of work, 10 horses with 13 lesions returned to work but could not perform to previous standards, and 18 horses with 20 lesions did not return to work as a result of the injury. No differences were observed when outcome of horses treated with ELAA were compared to those of similar studies using other regenerative therapies. Conclusions Treatment of tendonitis and desmitis lesions by local injection of ELAA resulted in similar outcomes for horses returning to previous level of performance as other regenerative modalities such as mesenchymal stem cells, platelet-rich plasma, and autologous conditioned serum; however, blinded placebo-controlled studies are indicated. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03480-5.
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Roth SP, Brehm W, Troillet A. [Cell-based therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis in equine patients - Basic knowledge for clinical practitioners]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2021; 49:189-202. [PMID: 34157748 DOI: 10.1055/a-1482-7752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies for the treatment of osteoarthritis in equine patients experienced a real boom within the last few years. In every day medical practice, attending veterinary surgeons extract patient's blood or other autologous tissue samples and process the material for the purpose of administering the resulting product to the same patient under their own responsibility. Although being consistently classified as treatment option within the framework of regenerative medicine, the manufacturing processes, ingredients, and mechanisms of action remain highly diverse among cell-based therapies. Thus, sound knowledge about the latter ones forms the basis for therapeutic decision-making and best possible treatment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne P Roth
- Klinik für Pferde, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig.,Sächsischer Inkubator für Klinische Translation, Universität Leipzig
| | - Walter Brehm
- Klinik für Pferde, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig.,Sächsischer Inkubator für Klinische Translation, Universität Leipzig
| | - Antonia Troillet
- Klinik für Pferde, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig.,Sächsischer Inkubator für Klinische Translation, Universität Leipzig
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Montano C, Auletta L, Greco A, Costanza D, Coluccia P, Del Prete C, Meomartino L, Pasolini MP. The Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Treatment of Tenodesmic Lesions in Horses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Experimental Data. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:793. [PMID: 33809227 PMCID: PMC7998797 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to enhance tenodesmic lesion healing has been questioned over the years. The aim of this study was to evaluate current literature to establish the effectiveness of PRP for treating tenodesmic lesions through a systematic review, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, and a meta-analysis. Studies comparing PRP with placebo or other treatments for horses with tenodesmic injuries or evaluated PRP effect on tendon and ligament explants were included. Outcomes were clinical, ultrasound, histologic, molecular evaluation, and adverse effects. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed each study's risk of bias. Treatment effects were evaluated using risk ratios for dichotomous data, together with 95% CI. Data were pooled using the random-effects model. The quality of the evidence for each outcome was assessed using GRADE criteria. Twenty-four trials met inclusion criteria for systematic review, while fifteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Results showed no significant differences in the outcomes between PRP and control groups. Finally, there is no definitive evidence that PRP enhances tendons and ligaments healing. Therefore, there is a need for more controlled trials to draw a firmer conclusion about the efficacy of PRP as a treatment for tenodesmic lesions in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Montano
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Luigi Auletta
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB CNR), Via T. De Amicis 95, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Adelaide Greco
- Interdepartmental Centre of Veterinary Radiology, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (A.G.); (P.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Dario Costanza
- Interdepartmental Centre of Veterinary Radiology, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (A.G.); (P.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Pierpaolo Coluccia
- Interdepartmental Centre of Veterinary Radiology, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (A.G.); (P.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Chiara Del Prete
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (C.D.P.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Leonardo Meomartino
- Interdepartmental Centre of Veterinary Radiology, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (A.G.); (P.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Maria Pia Pasolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (C.D.P.); (M.P.P.)
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Regenerative Medicine for Equine Musculoskeletal Diseases. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010234. [PMID: 33477808 PMCID: PMC7832834 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lameness due to musculoskeletal disease is the most common diagnosis in equine veterinary practice. Many of these orthopaedic disorders are chronic problems, for which no clinically satisfactory treatment exists. Thus, high hopes are pinned on regenerative medicine, which aims to replace or regenerate cells, tissues, or organs to restore or establish normal function. Some regenerative medicine therapies have already made their way into equine clinical practice mainly to treat tendon injures, tendinopathies, cartilage injuries and degenerative joint disorders with promising but diverse results. This review summarises the current knowledge of commonly used regenerative medicine treatments and critically discusses their use. Abstract Musculoskeletal injuries and chronic degenerative diseases commonly affect both athletic and sedentary horses and can entail the end of their athletic careers. The ensuing repair processes frequently do not yield fully functional regeneration of the injured tissues but biomechanically inferior scar or replacement tissue, causing high reinjury rates, degenerative disease progression and chronic morbidity. Regenerative medicine is an emerging, rapidly evolving branch of translational medicine that aims to replace or regenerate cells, tissues, or organs to restore or establish normal function. It includes tissue engineering but also cell-based and cell-free stimulation of endogenous self-repair mechanisms. Some regenerative medicine therapies have made their way into equine clinical practice mainly to treat tendon injures, tendinopathies, cartilage injuries and degenerative joint disorders with promising results. However, the qualitative and quantitative spatiotemporal requirements for specific bioactive factors to trigger tissue regeneration in the injury response are still unknown, and consequently, therapeutic approaches and treatment results are diverse. To exploit the full potential of this burgeoning field of medicine, further research will be required and is ongoing. This review summarises the current knowledge of commonly used regenerative medicine treatments in equine patients and critically discusses their use.
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Smit Y, Marais HJ, Thompson PN, Mahne AT, Goddard A. Clinical findings, synovial fluid cytology and growth factor concentrations after intra-articular use of a platelet-rich product in horses with osteoarthritis. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2019; 90:e1-e9. [PMID: 31170778 PMCID: PMC6556911 DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v90i0.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common cause of lameness in horses, resulting in poor performance. Intra-articular platelet-rich plasma can deliver a collection of bioactive molecules, such as autologous growth factors and proteins involved in the quality of tissue repair. Horses (n=5) with osteoarthritis affecting antebrachiocarpal, middle carpal or metacarpophalangeal joints, and horses (n=5) without osteoarthritis of the corresponding joints (radiographically free of osteoarthritis), were used for the production of platelet-rich plasma which was subsequently injected into selected joints. Clinical and synovial fluid changes after intra-articular injection of platelet-rich plasma as well as synovial platelet-derived growth factor-BB and transforming growth factor-beta 1 concentration changes were evaluated in these joints and compared between normal joints and joints with osteoarthritis. A gravity filtration system produced a moderately concentrated platelet-rich plasma, representing a 4.7-fold increase in baseline platelet concentration. The synovial effusion score was significantly different between the control joints and joints with osteoarthritis on Day 0 with a higher score in the group with osteoarthritis. Within the control group, the synovial effusion score was significantly higher on Days 1 and 2 compared to Day 0. For both groups, the synovial fluid nucleated cell count, predominantly intact neutrophils, was significantly increased on Days 1 and 2, with no significant difference between groups. The mean synovial platelet-derived growth factor-BB and transforming growth factor-beta 1 concentrations were increased for both groups but significantly lowered in the group with osteoarthritis on Day 1 compared to normal joints. Concentrations for platelet-derived growth factor-BB remained unchanged on Day 5, compared to Day 1, with no significant difference between groups. In conclusion, intra-articular treatment with platelet-rich plasma resulted in increased synovial growth factor concentrations in joints but with lower concentrations in joints with osteoarthritis. A transient inflammatory reaction was seen both clinically as an increase in synovial effusion and cytologically in both normal joints and joints with osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolandi Smit
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort.
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Bozorgmanesh R, Magdesian KG, Sutton-Burges JW, Owens SD, Tablin F. Equine platelet concentrate preparation and validation. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:1500-1506. [PMID: 30868640 PMCID: PMC6524399 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Development of equine platelet concentrate (PC) would aid management of cases requiring transfused platelets (PLTs), where adminstration of whole‐blood or platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) might be contraindicated. Objectives To test and validate a method for production of an equine PRP‐PC product. Animals Six healthy Thoroughbred geldings from a research herd. Methods In this prospective experimental study, whole blood was collected and processed through multiple centrifugation steps to yield 120 mL of PC. The PC was stored at 22°C and gently and continuously agitated. Measurements of PLT count, pH, and concentrations of glucose, lactate, electrolytes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), as well as partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide were performed on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7. Platelet aggregometry and bacterial culture were also performed. Results The PC always had a PLT count of ≥550 × 103 cells/μL. Aggregometry graph amplitude (P < .0001) and area under the curve (P < .05) significantly decreased over time. Sodium, chloride, lactate (P < .0001), and oxygen (P < .01) concentrations significantly increased over time. pH (P < .001), glucose and bicarbonate concentrations (P < .0001) significantly decreased over time. There was no significant difference in potassium concentration, PLT count, LDH and AST activities and no bacterial growth from culture. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The described technique yielded a PC that meets the standards of the American Association of Blood Banks for human PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Bozorgmanesh
- McGee Medicine Center, Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - K Gary Magdesian
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Julie W Sutton-Burges
- Transfusion Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Sean D Owens
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Fern Tablin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
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Bonilla-Gutiérrez AF, Castillo-Franz C, López C, Álvarez ME, Giraldo CE, Carmona JU. Equine suspensory ligament and tendon explants cultured with platelet-rich gel supernatants release different anti-inflammatory and anabolic mediators. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:476-485. [PMID: 30241051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the release of pro- and anti-inflammatory as well as anabolic mediators stimulated by a leukocyte-reduced platelet-rich gel supernatant (Lr-PRGS) and a leukocyte-reduced plasma supernatant (Lr-PL) at two concentrations (25 and 50%) on normal equine suspensory ligament explants (SLEs) and tendon explants (TEs). SLEs and TEs from six horses were independently incubated for 48 h with Lr-PRGS and Lr-PL at concentrations of 25 and 50%, respectively. Samples were collected from the incubated tissues at 1 h and 48 h, which were employed for ELISA determination of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-4, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), platelet-derived growth factor isoform BB (PDGF-BB), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1, and hyaluronic acid (HA). Overall, 50% Lr-PRGS induced significantly less IL-1β release than the other hemoderivatives in both tissues. At 48 h, both Lr-PRGS and 25% Lr-PL induced significantly higher TNF-α concentrations in SLEs when compared to TEs, whereas both Lr-PRGS concentrations induced significantly higher IL-4 concentrations in SLEs in comparison to TEs. IL-1ra release was not different between tissues. However, this cytokine was significantly higher in tissue explants cultured with both Lr-PRGS concentrations. HA concentration was lower in tissue explants cultured with all hemoderivatives at two concentrations when compared to the control group. The positive effects observed for ligaments and tendons treated with Lr-PRGS may be mediated by the inhibition of IL-1β release of and increased release of IL-4 and IL-1ra. Furthermore, PDGF-BB could be a polypeptide responsible for mediating the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines in SLEs and TEs incubated with Lr-PRGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F Bonilla-Gutiérrez
- Grupo de Investigación Terapia Regenerativa, Departamento de Salud Animal, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia.
| | - Cristian Castillo-Franz
- Grupo de Investigación Terapia Regenerativa, Departamento de Salud Animal, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Medicina Veterinaria GIVET, Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Caldas, Colombia; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Veterinarias, Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Becario Doctorado Nacional CONICYT, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Catalina López
- Grupo de Investigación Terapia Regenerativa, Departamento de Salud Animal, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia.
| | - María E Álvarez
- Grupo de Investigación Terapia Regenerativa, Departamento de Salud Animal, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia.
| | - Carlos E Giraldo
- Grupo de Investigación Terapia Regenerativa, Departamento de Salud Animal, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia.
| | - Jorge U Carmona
- Grupo de Investigación Terapia Regenerativa, Departamento de Salud Animal, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia.
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Kadic DTN, Minshall GJ, Wright IM. Surgical management of marginal tears/avulsions of the suspensory ligament branches in 29 Thoroughbred racehorses. Equine Vet J 2018; 51:310-315. [PMID: 30206960 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suspensory ligament branch injuries are common in horses. Most of these injuries are grouped together and considered as a single pathologic entity. OBJECTIVES To report a specific injury of the abaxial margin of the suspensory ligament branches and to report its surgical management and outcome. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS All horses with suspensory ligament branch injuries over a 9-year period (2007-2015) were identified. Horses with injuries which, on ultrasonographic examination, appeared to have defects in the abaxial margin of the suspensory ligament branch, that were subsequently confirmed during surgery were selected. RESULTS Twenty-nine cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria with a specific lesion location on the abaxial margin of the suspensory ligament branch. Nineteen horses raced successfully after surgery, nine returned to training but failed to race and one was lost to follow-up. MAIN LIMITATIONS The absence of a comparable population of non-surgically managed horses in this study means that the contribution of removing torn tissue cannot confidently be assessed. CONCLUSIONS The location and morphology of injuries described in this study is consistent, which suggests aetiopathogenic commonality. This case series suggests this type of injury has an identity of its own, differs from other types of suspensory ligament branch injuries and represents a previously undescribed subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T N Kadic
- Newmarket Equine Hospital, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
| | - G J Minshall
- Newmarket Equine Hospital, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
| | - I M Wright
- Newmarket Equine Hospital, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
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Ortved KF. Regenerative Medicine and Rehabilitation for Tendinous and Ligamentous Injuries in Sport Horses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2018; 34:359-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Pluim M, Martens A, Vanderperren K, Sarrazin S, Koene M, Luciani A, van Weeren PR, Delesalle C. Short- and long term follow-up of 150 sports horses diagnosed with tendinopathy or desmopathy by ultrasonographic examination and treated with high-power laser therapy. Res Vet Sci 2018; 119:232-238. [PMID: 30005398 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Pluim
- Department of Virology, Parasitology & Immunology, Research Group Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Tierklinik Luesche, Essernerstrase 39a, 49456 Bakum, Germany.
| | - A Martens
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of domestic animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - K Vanderperren
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S Sarrazin
- Department of obstetrics, Reproduction and herd health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M Koene
- Tierklinik Luesche, Essernerstrase 39a, 49456 Bakum, Germany
| | - A Luciani
- Tierklinik Luesche, Essernerstrase 39a, 49456 Bakum, Germany
| | - P R van Weeren
- Department of Equine Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584, CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C Delesalle
- Department of Virology, Parasitology & Immunology, Research Group Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Khatab S, van Buul GM, Kops N, Bastiaansen-Jenniskens YM, Bos PK, Verhaar JA, van Osch GJ. Intra-articular Injections of Platelet-Rich Plasma Releasate Reduce Pain and Synovial Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Osteoarthritis. Am J Sports Med 2018; 46:977-986. [PMID: 29373806 DOI: 10.1177/0363546517750635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease leading to pain and disability for which no curative treatment exists. A promising biological treatment for OA is intra-articular administration of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). PRP injections in OA joints can relieve pain, although the exact working mechanism is unclear. PURPOSE To examine the effects of PRP releasate (PRPr) on pain, cartilage damage, and synovial inflammation in a mouse OA model. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS OA was induced unilaterally in the knees of male mice (n = 36) by 2 intra-articular injections of collagenase at days -7 and -5. At day 0, pain was measured by registering weight distribution on the hindlimbs, after which mice were randomly divided into 2 groups. Mice received 3 intra-articular injections of PRP or saline in the affected knee. Seven mice per group were euthanized at day 5 for assessment of early synovial inflammation and cartilage damage. Pain in the remaining mice was registered for a total of 3 weeks. These mice were euthanized at day 21 for assessment of cartilage damage and synovial inflammation on histological evaluation. Antibodies against iNOS, CD163, and CD206 were used to identify different subtypes of macrophages in the synovial membrane. RESULTS Mice in the PRPr group increased the distribution of weight on the affected joint in 2 consecutive weeks after the start of the treatment ( P < .05), whereas mice in the saline group did not. At day 21, PRPr-injected knees had a thinner synovial membrane ( P < .05) and a trend toward less cartilage damage in the lateral joint compartment ( P = .053) than saline-injected knees. OA knees treated with saline showed less anti-inflammatory (CD206+ and CD163+) cells at day 5 than healthy knees, an observation that was not made in the PRPr-treated group. A higher level of pain at day 7 was associated with a thicker synovial membrane at day 21. The presence of CD206+ cells was negatively associated with synovial membrane thickness. CONCLUSION In a murine OA model, multiple PRPr injections reduced pain and synovial thickness, possibly through modulation of macrophage subtypes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE PRPr injections in early OA or shortly after joint trauma can reduce pain and synovial inflammation and may inhibit OA development in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Khatab
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerben M van Buul
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole Kops
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - P Koen Bos
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan A Verhaar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerjo J van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Carmona JU, Gómez WA, López C. Could Platelet-Rich Plasma Be a Clinical Treatment for Horses With Laminitis? J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Influence of calcium salts and bovine thrombin on growth factor release from equine platelet-rich gel supernatants. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017; 30:1-7. [DOI: 10.3415/vcot-16-02-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SummaryObjective: To compare five activation methods in equine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) by determination of platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentrations in platelet-rich gel (PRG) supernatants.Methods: Platelet-rich plasma from 20 horses was activated by calcium chloride (CC), calcium gluconate (CG), bovine thrombin (BT), and their combinations, BTCC and BTCG. Both growth factor concentrations in PRG supernatants were measured by ELISA and compared with plasma and platelet ly-sates (PL) over time.Results: Growth factor concentrations were significantly lower in plasma and higher for all PRG supernatants. Platelet lysates contained a significantly lower concentration of PDGF-BB than PRG supernatants and a significantly higher concentration of TGF-β1 than PRG supernatants. Clots from PRP activated with sodium salts were more stable over time and had significant growth factor release, whereas CC produced gross salt deposition. Significant correlations were noticed for platelet with leukocyte concentrations in PRP (rs: 0.76), platelet counts in PRP with TGF-β1 concentrations in PRG supernatants (rs: 0.86), platelet counts in PRP with PDGF-BB concentrations in PRG super-natants (rs: 0.78), leukocyte counts in PRP with TGF-β1 concentrations in PRG supernatants (rs: 0.76), and PDGF-BB concentrations with activating substances (rs: 0.72).Clinical significance: Calcium gluconate was the better substance to induce PRP activation. It induced growth factor release free from calcium precipitates in the clots. Use of BT alone or combined with calcium salts was not advantageous for growth factor release.
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Bozorgmanesh R, Sutton-Burges JW, Tablin F. Comparison of equine platelet function and survival in whole blood collected in acid-citrate-dextrose solution or citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine solution. Vet Clin Pathol 2017; 46:262-268. [PMID: 28411369 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine whole blood collection and storage methods have been evaluated to assess red blood cell viability; however, platelet (PLT) viability has not been comprehensively assessed. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to compare viability of PLTs collected in whole blood into 2 different anticoagulants. METHODS Whole blood from 6 healthy adult Thoroughbred horses was collected into citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPDA) or acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD). Platelet count, pH, and concentrations of glucose, lactate, carbon dioxide, oxygen, bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, and chloride were measured within 10 minutes of collection and then again one hour later at which time PLT aggregometry was performed to assess PLT function. RESULTS Aggregometry mean amplitudes were significantly higher in CPDA compared to ACD. Blood glucose, pH, bicarbonate, sodium, and lactate concentrations were significantly higher in CPDA compared to ACD. Lactate concentration was higher following one hour in either anticoagulant. Potassium, oxygen, and carbon dioxide concentrations were significantly higher in ACD compared to CPDA at collection. CONCLUSIONS Platelet aggregometry results suggest that CPDA is superior to ACD for maintaining PLT viability following whole blood collection. This may be associated with the higher, more neutral pH as well as an increase in glucose available for metabolism. Although lactate was increased in the CPDA samples it was not high enough to decrease pH and therefore may not have been high enough to cause morphologic lesions and loss of PLT viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Bozorgmanesh
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Julie W Sutton-Burges
- Blood Bank, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Fern Tablin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Marcatili M, Marshall J, Voute L. Magnetic resonance imaging-guided injection of platelet-rich plasma for treatment of an insertional core lesion of the deep digital flexor tendon within the foot of a horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Marcatili
- School of Veterinary Medicine; College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; Weipers Centre Equine Hospital; University of Glasgow; UK
- Pool House Equine Clinic; Crown Inn Farm; Lichfield Staffordshire UK
| | - J. Marshall
- School of Veterinary Medicine; College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; Weipers Centre Equine Hospital; University of Glasgow; UK
| | - L. Voute
- School of Veterinary Medicine; College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; Weipers Centre Equine Hospital; University of Glasgow; UK
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18
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Geburek F, Gaus M, van Schie HTM, Rohn K, Stadler PM. Effect of intralesional platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment on clinical and ultrasonographic parameters in equine naturally occurring superficial digital flexor tendinopathies - a randomized prospective controlled clinical trial. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:191. [PMID: 27604193 PMCID: PMC5015224 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects on tendinopathies have been attributed to blood-derived biologicals. To date the evidence for the efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment of naturally occurring equine tendinopathies is limited. The purpose of this placebo-controlled clinical trial was to describe the effect of a single treatment of equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) disease with PRP on clinical and ultrasonographic parameters. Twenty horses with naturally occurring tendinopathies of forelimb SDFTs were randomly assigned to the PRP-treated group (n = 10) or control group (n = 10) after clinical and ultrasonographic examination. The SDFTs received an intralesional treatment with autologous PRP or were injected with saline, respectively (day 0). All horses participated in a standardized exercise programme and were re-examined clinically, with B-mode ultrasonography (5 times at regular intervals) and ultrasound tissue characterization (week 12 and 24 after treatment) until week 24. Long-term performance was estimated via telephone inquiry. Results Compared to day 0, lameness decreased significantly by week 8 after treatment with PRP and by week 12 in the control group. Ultrasonographically there was no difference in the summarized cross sectional area between the groups at any time point. Ultrasound tissue characterization showed that echo types representing disorganized matrix decreased significantly throughout the observation period in the PRP-treated group. Echo type II, representing discontinuous fascicles, not yet aligned into lines of stress was significantly higher 24 weeks after PRP treatment. Eighty percent of the PRP treated horses reached their previous or a higher level of performance after 12 months compared to 50 % in the CG. After 24 months these proportions were 60 % and 50 %, respectively. Conclusions A single intralesional treatment with PRP up to 8 weeks after onset of clinical signs of tendinopathy contributes to an earlier reduction of lameness compared to saline treatment and to an advanced organization of repair tissue as the fibrillar matrix is getting organized into fascicles while remodelling continues. Long term, PRP treatment has the potential to increase the number of horses reaching their previous level of performance. Earlier treatment of tendinopathy with PRP should be considered to enhance these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Geburek
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Moritz Gaus
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans T M van Schie
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Karl Rohn
- Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter M Stadler
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany
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Ionita CR, Troillet AR, Vahlenkamp TW, Winter K, Brehm W, Ionita JC. Comparison of humoral insulin-like growth factor-1, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, transforming growth factor-β1, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist concentrations among equine autologous blood-derived preparations. Am J Vet Res 2016; 77:898-905. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.77.8.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Torrero JI, Martínez C. New developments in the treatment of osteoarthritis - focus on biologic agents. Open Access Rheumatol 2015; 7:33-43. [PMID: 27790043 PMCID: PMC5045124 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s50058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common diseases around the world. Medical, social, and financial consequences oblige clinicians, surgeons, and researchers to focus on finding the best treatment option, to eradicate and stop this degenerative joint disease, in order to avoid surgical options which in many instances are over-indicated. Noninvasive treatments, such as anti-inflammatory drugs, physiotherapy, orthotic devices, dietary supplements, have demonstrated lack of effectiveness. The possibility to perform intra-articular injections with hyaluronic acid, corticosteroids, or the newest but criticized treatment based on platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has changed the management of OA disease. The use of PRP has led to many differences in treatment since there is a lack of consensus about protocols, indications, number of doses, cost-effectiveness, and duration of the treatment. Many publications have suggested efficacy in tendon injuries, but when PRP has been indicated to treat cartilage injuries, things are more inconsistent. Some authors have reported their experience treating OA with PRP, and it seems that, if well indicated, it is an option as a supplementary therapy. Therefore, we need to understand that OA is a mechanical disease which not only produces changes in radiographs, but also affects the quality of life. Pathogenesis of OA has been well explained, providing us new knowledge and future possibilities to improve the clinical approach. From basic science to surgery, there is a great field we all need to contribute to, because the general population is aging and total joint replacements should not be the only solution for OA. So herein is an actual review of the developments for treating OA with biologics, intended to be useful for the population inside orthopedics who could be called bio-orthopedists, since OA is a molecular homeostasis disbalance between catabolism and anabolism triggered by mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Martínez
- University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, IL, USA
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21
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Smith RK, Garvican ER, Fortier LA. The current 'state of play' of regenerative medicine in horses: what the horse can tell the human. Regen Med 2015; 9:673-85. [PMID: 25372081 DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The horse is an attractive model for many human age-related degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal system because it is a large animal species that both ages and exercises, and develops naturally occurring injuries with many similarities to the human counterpart. It therefore represents an ideal species to use as a 'proving ground' for new therapies, most notably regenerative medicine. Regenerative techniques using cell-based therapies for the treatment of equine musculoskeletal disease have been in use for over a decade. This review article provides a summary overview of the sources, current challenges and problems surrounding the use of stem cell and non-cell-based therapy in regenerative medicine in horses and is based on presentations from a recent Havemeyer symposium on equine regenerative medicine where speakers are selected from leading authorities in both equine and human regenerative medicine fields from 10 different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Kw Smith
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
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22
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Brossi PM, Moreira JJ, Machado TSL, Baccarin RYA. Platelet-rich plasma in orthopedic therapy: a comparative systematic review of clinical and experimental data in equine and human musculoskeletal lesions. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:98. [PMID: 25896610 PMCID: PMC4449579 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review aimed to present and critically appraise the available information on the efficacy of platelet rich plasma (PRP) in equine and human orthopedic therapeutics and to verify the influence of study design and methodology on the assumption of PRP's efficacy. We searched Medline, PubMed, Embase, Bireme and Google Scholar without restrictions until July 2013. Randomized trials, human cohort clinical studies or case series with a control group on the use of PRP in tendons, ligaments or articular lesions were included. Equine clinical studies on the same topics were included independently of their design. Experimental studies relevant to the clarification of PRP's effects and mechanisms of action in tissues of interest, conducted in any animal species, were selected. RESULTS This review included 123 studies. PRP's beneficial effects were observed in 46.7% of the clinical studies, while the absence of positive effects was observed in 43.3%. Among experimental studies, 73% yielded positive results, and 7.9% yielded negative results. The most frequent flaws in the clinical trials' designs were the lack of a true placebo group, poor product characterization, insufficient blinding, small sampling, short follow-up periods, and adoption of poor outcome measures. The methods employed for PRP preparation and administration and the selected outcome measures varied greatly. Poor study design was a common feature of equine clinical trials. From studies in which PRP had beneficial effects, 67.8% had an overall high risk of bias. From the studies in which PRP failed to exhibit beneficial effects, 67.8% had an overall low risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Most experimental studies revealed positive effects of PRP. Although the majority of equine clinical studies yielded positive results, the human clinical trials' results failed to corroborate these findings. In both species, beneficial results were more frequently observed in studies with a high risk of bias. The use of PRP in musculoskeletal lesions, although safe and promising, has still not shown strong evidence in clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia M Brossi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliana J Moreira
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thaís S L Machado
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Y A Baccarin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Giraldo CE, Álvarez ME, Carmona JU. Effects of sodium citrate and acid citrate dextrose solutions on cell counts and growth factor release from equine pure-platelet rich plasma and pure-platelet rich gel. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:60. [PMID: 25889052 PMCID: PMC4364319 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a lack information on the effects of the most commonly used anticoagulants for equine platelet rich plasmas (PRPs) elaboration on cell counts and growth factor release from platelet rich gels (PRGs). The aims of this study were 1) to compare the effects of the anticoagulants sodium citrate (SC), acid citrate dextrose solution A (ACD-A) and ACD-B on platelet (PLT), leukocyte (WBC) and on some parameters associated to platelet activation including mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) between whole blood, pure PRP (P-PRP) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP); 2) to compare transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and platelet-derived growth factor isoform BB (PDGF-BB) concentrations in supernatants from pure PRG (P-PRG), platelet-poor gel (PPG), P-PRP lysate (positive control) and plasma (negative control); 3) to establish the possible correlations between all the studied cellular and molecular parameters. Results In all cases the three anticoagulants produced P-PRPs with significantly higher PLT counts compared with whole blood and PPP. The concentrations of WBCs were similar between P-PRP and whole blood, but significantly lower in PPP. The type of anticoagulant did not significantly affect the cell counts for each blood component. The anticoagulants also did not affect the MPV and PDW parameters. Independently of the anticoagulant used, all blood components presented significantly different concentrations of PDGF-BB and TGF-β1. The highest growth factor (GF) concentrations were observed from P-PRP lysates, followed by PRG supernatants, PPP lysates, PPG supernatants and plasma. Significant correlations were observed between PLT and WBC counts (ρ = 0.80), PLT count and TGF-β1 concentration (ρ = 0.85), PLT count and PDGF-BB concentration (ρ = 0.80) and PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 concentrations (ρ = 0.75). The type of anticoagulant was not correlated with any of the variables evaluated. Conclusions The anticoagulants did not significantly influence cell counts or GF concentrations in equine PRP. However, ACD-B was apparently the worst anticoagulant evaluated. It is necessary to perform additional research to determine the effect of anticoagulants on the kinetics of GF elution from P-PRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Giraldo
- Grupo de Investigación Terapia Regenerativa, Departamento de Salud Animal, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia.
| | - María E Álvarez
- Grupo de Investigación Terapia Regenerativa, Departamento de Salud Animal, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia.
| | - Jorge U Carmona
- Grupo de Investigación Terapia Regenerativa, Departamento de Salud Animal, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia.
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Hessel LN, Bosch G, van Weeren PR, Ionita JC. Equine autologous platelet concentrates: A comparative study between different available systems. Equine Vet J 2014; 47:319-25. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. N. Hessel
- Department of Equine Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; The Netherlands
| | - G. Bosch
- Department of Equine Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; The Netherlands
| | - P. R. van Weeren
- Department of Equine Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; The Netherlands
| | - J.-C. Ionita
- Large Animal Clinic for Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Leipzig; Germany
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Marneris D, Dyson SJ. Clinical features, diagnostic imaging findings and concurrent injuries in 71 sports horses with suspensory branch injuries. EQUINE VET EDUC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Marneris
- Centre for Equine Studies; Animal Health Trust; Newmarket, Suffolk UK
| | - S. J. Dyson
- Centre for Equine Studies; Animal Health Trust; Newmarket, Suffolk UK
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Textor JA, Tablin F. Intra-Articular Use of a Platelet-Rich Product in Normal Horses: Clinical Signs and Cytologic Responses. Vet Surg 2013; 42:499-510. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2013.12015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Textor
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California-Davis; Davis, California
| | - Fern Tablin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California-Davis; Davis, California
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27
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Giraldo CE, López C, Álvarez ME, Samudio IJ, Prades M, Carmona JU. Effects of the breed, sex and age on cellular content and growth factor release from equine pure-platelet rich plasma and pure-platelet rich gel. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:29. [PMID: 23402541 PMCID: PMC3577464 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is no information on the effects of the breed, gender and age on the cellular content and growth factor (GF) release from equine pure-platelet rich plasma (P-PRP) and pure-platelet rich gel (P-PRG). The objectives of this study were: 1) to compare the cellular composition of P-PRP with whole blood and platelet poor plasma (PPP); 2) to compare the concentration of transforming GF beta 1 (TGF-β1) and platelet derived GF isoform BB (PDGF-BB) between P-PRP treated with non-ionic detergent (P-PRP+NID), P-PRG (activated with calcium gluconate -CG-), PPP+NID, PPP gel (PPG), and plasma and; 3) to evaluate and to correlate the effect of the breed, gender and age on the cellular and GF concentration for each blood component. Forty adult horses, 20 Argentinean Creole Horses (ACH) and, 20 Colombian Creole Horses (CCH) were included. Data were analyzed by parametric (i.e.: t-test, one way ANOVA) and non parametric (Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon test) tests. Correlation analysis was also performed by using the Spearman and Pearson tests. A p ≤ 0.05 was set as significant for all tests. All the blood components were compared for platelet (PLT), leukocyte (WBC), TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB concentrations. The effect of the breed, gender and age on these variables was analyzed. A P ≤ 0.05 was accepted as significant for all the tests. Results PLT counts were 1.8 and 0.6 times higher in P-PRP than in whole blood and PPP, respectively; WBC counts were 0.5 and 0.1 times lower in P-PRP, in comparison with whole blood and PPP, respectively. TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB concentrations were 2.3 and 262 times higher, respectively, in P-PRG than in plasma, and 0.59 and 0.48 times higher, respectively, in P-PRG than in PPG. P-PRG derived from CCH females or young horses presented significantly (P < 0.001) higher PDGF-BB concentrations than P-PRG derived from ACH males or older horses. Conclusions Our results indicated that P-PRP obtained by a manual method was affected by intrinsic factors such as the breed, gender and age. Equine practitioners should be aware that cellular and GF release from P-PRP/P-PRG could change according with the intrinsic variables associated with a patient in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Giraldo
- Grupo de Investigación Terapia Regenerativa, Departamento de Salud Animal, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
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