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Poliseno M, Gallo C, Cibelli DC, Minafra GA, Bottalico IF, Bruno SR, D’Errico ML, Montemurro L, Rizzo M, Barbera L, Custodero GE, La Marca A, Lo Muzio D, Miucci A, Santantonio TA, Lo Caputo S. Efficacy and Safety of Remdesivir over Two Waves of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121477. [PMID: 34943688 PMCID: PMC8698274 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to describe the features, the outcomes, and the clinical issues related to Remdesivir administration of a cohort of 220 patients (pts) with COVID-19 hospitalized throughout the last two pandemic waves in Italy. One hundred and nine pts were enrolled from 1 September 2020, to 28 February 2021 (Group A) and 111 from 1 March to 30 September 2021 (Group B). Notably, no differences were reported between the two groups neither in the timing of hospitalization. nor in the timing of Remdesivir administration from symptoms onset. Remarkably, a higher proportion of pts with severe COVID-19 was observed in Group B (25% vs. 10%, p < 0.001). At univariate and multivariate analysis, rather than the timing of Remdesivir administration, age, presence of coexisting conditions, D-dimers, and O2 flow at admission correlated positively to progression to non-invasive ventilation, especially for patients in Group B. However, the rate of admission in the Intensive Care Unit and/or death was comparable in the two groups (7% vs. 4%). Negligible variations in serum GOT, GPT, GGT, and eGFR levels were detected. A mean reduction in heart rate was noticed within the first three days of antiviral treatment (p < 0.001). Low rate of ICU admission, high rate of clinical recovery, and good drug safety were observed in COVID-19 patients treated with Remdesivir during two diverse pandemic waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacristina Poliseno
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (D.C.C.); (G.A.M.); (I.F.B.); (S.R.B.); (M.L.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (L.B.); (G.E.C.); (A.L.M.); (D.L.M.); (A.M.); (T.A.S.); (S.L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3471032012
| | - Crescenzio Gallo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Donatella Concetta Cibelli
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (D.C.C.); (G.A.M.); (I.F.B.); (S.R.B.); (M.L.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (L.B.); (G.E.C.); (A.L.M.); (D.L.M.); (A.M.); (T.A.S.); (S.L.C.)
| | - Graziano Antonio Minafra
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (D.C.C.); (G.A.M.); (I.F.B.); (S.R.B.); (M.L.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (L.B.); (G.E.C.); (A.L.M.); (D.L.M.); (A.M.); (T.A.S.); (S.L.C.)
| | - Irene Francesca Bottalico
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (D.C.C.); (G.A.M.); (I.F.B.); (S.R.B.); (M.L.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (L.B.); (G.E.C.); (A.L.M.); (D.L.M.); (A.M.); (T.A.S.); (S.L.C.)
| | - Serena Rita Bruno
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (D.C.C.); (G.A.M.); (I.F.B.); (S.R.B.); (M.L.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (L.B.); (G.E.C.); (A.L.M.); (D.L.M.); (A.M.); (T.A.S.); (S.L.C.)
| | - Maria Luca D’Errico
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (D.C.C.); (G.A.M.); (I.F.B.); (S.R.B.); (M.L.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (L.B.); (G.E.C.); (A.L.M.); (D.L.M.); (A.M.); (T.A.S.); (S.L.C.)
| | - Laura Montemurro
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (D.C.C.); (G.A.M.); (I.F.B.); (S.R.B.); (M.L.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (L.B.); (G.E.C.); (A.L.M.); (D.L.M.); (A.M.); (T.A.S.); (S.L.C.)
| | - Marianna Rizzo
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (D.C.C.); (G.A.M.); (I.F.B.); (S.R.B.); (M.L.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (L.B.); (G.E.C.); (A.L.M.); (D.L.M.); (A.M.); (T.A.S.); (S.L.C.)
| | - Lucia Barbera
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (D.C.C.); (G.A.M.); (I.F.B.); (S.R.B.); (M.L.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (L.B.); (G.E.C.); (A.L.M.); (D.L.M.); (A.M.); (T.A.S.); (S.L.C.)
| | - Giacomo Emanuele Custodero
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (D.C.C.); (G.A.M.); (I.F.B.); (S.R.B.); (M.L.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (L.B.); (G.E.C.); (A.L.M.); (D.L.M.); (A.M.); (T.A.S.); (S.L.C.)
| | - Antonella La Marca
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (D.C.C.); (G.A.M.); (I.F.B.); (S.R.B.); (M.L.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (L.B.); (G.E.C.); (A.L.M.); (D.L.M.); (A.M.); (T.A.S.); (S.L.C.)
| | - Donatella Lo Muzio
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (D.C.C.); (G.A.M.); (I.F.B.); (S.R.B.); (M.L.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (L.B.); (G.E.C.); (A.L.M.); (D.L.M.); (A.M.); (T.A.S.); (S.L.C.)
| | - Anna Miucci
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (D.C.C.); (G.A.M.); (I.F.B.); (S.R.B.); (M.L.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (L.B.); (G.E.C.); (A.L.M.); (D.L.M.); (A.M.); (T.A.S.); (S.L.C.)
| | - Teresa Antonia Santantonio
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (D.C.C.); (G.A.M.); (I.F.B.); (S.R.B.); (M.L.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (L.B.); (G.E.C.); (A.L.M.); (D.L.M.); (A.M.); (T.A.S.); (S.L.C.)
| | - Sergio Lo Caputo
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (D.C.C.); (G.A.M.); (I.F.B.); (S.R.B.); (M.L.D.); (L.M.); (M.R.); (L.B.); (G.E.C.); (A.L.M.); (D.L.M.); (A.M.); (T.A.S.); (S.L.C.)
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2
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Cao Y. The impact of the hypoxia-VEGF-vascular permeability on COVID-19-infected patients. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2021; 1:20210051. [PMID: 35434726 PMCID: PMC8653011 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Effective treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 to reduce mortality remains one of the most challenging medical issues in controlling unpredictable emergencies caused by the global pandemics. Unfortunately, such effective therapies are not available at this time of writing. In this article, I discuss the possibility of repurposing clinically available anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) drugs that are routinely used in oncology and ophthalmology areas for effective treatment of patients with severe and critical COVID-19. Our preliminary findings from a clinical trial support the therapeutic concept of using anti-VEGF for treating patients with severe COVID-19 to reduce mortality. The aim of this article is to further provide mechanistic insights into the role of VEGF in causing pathological changes during COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
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Chen KG, Park K, Spence JR. Studying SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and therapeutic responses with complex organoids. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:822-833. [PMID: 34341531 PMCID: PMC8355201 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Clinical management of patients with severe complications of COVID-19 has been hindered by a lack of effective drugs and a failure to capture the extensive heterogeneity of the disease with conventional methods. Here we review the emerging roles of complex organoids in the study of SARS-CoV-2 infection, modelling of COVID-19 disease pathology and in drug, antibody and vaccine development. We discuss opportunities for COVID-19 research and remaining challenges in the application of organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G Chen
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Kyeyoon Park
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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4
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Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase with New Nucleoside Analogues. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113461. [PMID: 34200204 PMCID: PMC8201013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that COVID-19 vaccines are already available on the market, there have not been any effective FDA-approved drugs to treat this disease. There are several already known drugs that through drug repositioning have shown an inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. These drugs are included in the family of nucleoside analogues. In our efforts, we synthesized a group of new nucleoside analogues, which are modified at the sugar moiety that is replaced by a quinazoline entity. Different nucleobase derivatives are used in order to increase the inhibition. Five new nucleoside analogues were evaluated with in vitro assays for targeting polymerase of SARS-CoV-2.
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Koneru G, Batiha GES, Algammal AM, Mabrok M, Magdy S, Sayed S, AbuElmagd ME, Elnemr R, Saad MM, Abd Ellah NH, Hosni A, Muhammad K, Hetta HF. BCG Vaccine-Induced Trained Immunity and COVID-19: Protective or Bystander? Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:1169-1184. [PMID: 33790587 PMCID: PMC8001200 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s300162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In late 2019, a new virulent coronavirus (CoV) emerged in Wuhan, China and was named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus spread rapidly, causing the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live attenuated tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, associated with induction of non-specific cross-protection against unrelated infections. This protection is a memory-like response in innate immune cells (trained immunity), which is caused by epigenetic reprogramming via histone modification in the regulatory elements of specific genes in monocytes. COVID-19 related epidemiological studies showed an inverse relationship between national BCG vaccination policies and COVID-19 incidence and death, suggesting that BCG may induce trained immunity that could confer some protection against SARS-CoV-2. As this pandemic has put most of Earth's population under quarantine, repurposing of the old, well-characterized BCG may ensure some protection against COVID-19. This review focuses on BCG-related cross-protection and acquisition of trained immunity, as well as the correlation between BCG vaccination and COVID-19 incidence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopala Koneru
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutger New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicines, Damanhour University, Damanhur, 22511, Egypt
| | - Abdelazeem M Algammal
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mabrok
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
- Fish Infectious Diseases Research Unit (FID RU), Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sara Magdy
- Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Shrouk Sayed
- Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Mai E AbuElmagd
- Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Reham Elnemr
- Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Saad
- Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Noura H Abd Ellah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Amal Hosni
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
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6
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Comparative Evaluation of the Treatment of COVID-19 with Multicriteria Decision-Making Techniques. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:8864522. [PMID: 33552457 PMCID: PMC7831275 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8864522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in December 2019. Until now, many drugs and methods have been used in the treatment of the disease. However, no effective treatment option has been found and only case-based successes have been achieved so far. This study aims to evaluate COVID-19 treatment options using multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. Methods In this study, we evaluated the available COVID-19 treatment options by MCDM techniques, namely, fuzzy PROMETHEE and VIKOR. These techniques are based on the evaluation and comparison of complex and multiple criteria to evaluate the most appropriate alternative. We evaluated current treatment options including favipiravir (FPV), lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, interleukin-1 blocker, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and plasma exchange. The criteria used for the analysis include side effects, method of administration of the drug, cost, turnover of plasma, level of fever, age, pregnancy, and kidney function. Results The results showed that plasma exchange was the most preferred alternative, followed by FPV and IVIG, while hydroxychloroquine was the least favorable one. New alternatives could be considered once they are available, and weights could be assigned based on the opinions of the decision-makers (physicians/clinicians). The treatment methods that we evaluated with MCDM methods will be beneficial for both healthcare users and to rapidly end the global pandemic. The proposed method is applicable for analyzing the alternatives to the selection problem with quantitative and qualitative data. In addition, it allows the decision-maker to define the problem simply under uncertainty. Conclusions Fuzzy PROMETHEE and VIKOR techniques are applied in aiding decision-makers in choosing the right treatment technique for the management of COVID-19.
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Rathi H, Burman V, Datta SK, Rana SV, Mirza AA, Saha S, Kumar R, Naithani M. Review on COVID-19 Etiopathogenesis, Clinical Presentation and Treatment Available with Emphasis on ACE2. Indian J Clin Biochem 2021; 36:3-22. [PMID: 33424145 PMCID: PMC7778574 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-020-00953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In December 2019, Wuhan city in the Hubei province of China reported for the first time a cluster of patients infected with a novel coronavirus, since then there has been an outburst of this disease across the globe affecting millions of human inhabitants. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a member of beta coronavirus family which upon exposure caused a highly infectious disease called novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19, a probably bat originated disease was declared by World Health Organization (WHO) as a global pandemic in March 2020. Since then, despite rigorous global containment and quarantine efforts, the disease has affected nearly 56,261,952 laboratory confirmed human population and caused deaths of over 1,349,506 lives worldwide. Virus passes in majority through respiratory droplets and then enters lung epithelial cells by binding to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and there it undergoes replication and targeting host cells causing severe pathogenesis. Majority of human population exposed to SARS-CoV-2 having fully functional immune system undergo asymptomatic infection while 5-10% are symptomatic and only 1-2% are critically affected and requires ventilation support. Older people or people with co-morbidities are severely affected by COVID-19. These categories of patients also display cytokine storm due to dysfunctional immune response which brutally destroys the affected organs and may lead to death in some. Real time PCR is still considered as standard method of diagnosis along with other serology, radiological and biochemical investigations. Till date, no specific validated medication is available for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Thus, this review provides detailed knowledge about the different landscapes of disease incidence, etiopathogenesis, involvement of various organs, diagnostic criteria's and treatment guidelines followed for management of COVID-19 infection since its inception. In conclusion, extensive research to recognize novel pathways and their cross talk to combat this virus in precarious settings is our future positive hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Rathi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand India
| | - Vishakha Burman
- Department of Biotechnology, SVBP University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sudip Kumar Datta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Satya Vati Rana
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand India
| | - Anissa Atif Mirza
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand India
| | - Sarama Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand India
| | - Raman Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand India
| | - Manisha Naithani
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand India
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8
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Liu Y, Liang C, Xin L, Ren X, Tian L, Ju X, Li H, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Liu H, Cao W, Xie X, Zhang D, Wang Y, Jian Y. The development of Coronavirus 3C-Like protease (3CL pro) inhibitors from 2010 to 2020. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 206:112711. [PMID: 32810751 PMCID: PMC7409838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This review fully describes the coronavirus 3CLpro peptidomimetic inhibitors and nonpeptidic small molecule inhibitors developed from 2010 to 2020. Specifically, the structural characteristics, binding modes and SARs of these 3CLpro inhibitors are expounded in detail by division into two categories: peptidomimetic inhibitors mainly utilize electrophilic warhead groups to covalently bind the 3CLpro Cys145 residue and thereby achieve irreversible inhibition effects, whereas nonpeptidic small molecule inhibitors mainly interact with residues in the S1', S1, S2 and S4 pockets via hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic bonds and van der Waals forces. Based on the emerging PROTAC technology and the existing 3CLpro inhibitors, 3CLpro PROTAC degraders are hypothesised to be next-generation anti-coronavirus drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China.
| | - Liang Xin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Ren
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Lei Tian
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Xingke Ju
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Han Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Yongbo Wang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Hong Liu
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519030, PR China.
| | - Wenqiang Cao
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519030, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Shaanxi Panlong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710025, PR China
| | - Dezhu Zhang
- Shaanxi Panlong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710025, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shaanxi Panlong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710025, PR China
| | - Yanlin Jian
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (FFW), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B9000, Gent, Belgium.
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Demsie DG, Gebre AK, Yimer EM, Alema NM, Araya EM, Bantie AT, Allene MD, Gebremedhin H, Yehualaw A, Tafere C, Tadese HT, Amare B, Weldekidan E, Gebrie D. Glycopeptides as Potential Interventions for COVID-19. Biologics 2020; 14:107-114. [PMID: 33116397 PMCID: PMC7569252 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s262705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease that primarily attacks the human pulmonary system, is caused by a viral strain called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The outbreak emerged from Wuhan, China, and later spread throughout the world. Until the first week of May 2020, over 3.7 million cases had been reported worldwide and more than 258,000 had died due to the disease. So far, off label use of various drugs has been tried in many clinical settings, however, at present, there is no vaccine or antiviral treatment for human and animal coronaviruses. Therefore, repurposing of the available drugs may be promising to control emerging infections of SARS-COV2; however, new interventions are likely to require months to years to develop. Glycopeptides, which are active against gram-positive bacteria, have demonstrated significant activity against viral infections including SARS-COV and MERS-COV and have a high resemblance of sequence homology with SARS-COV2. Recent in vitro studies have also shown promising activities of aglycon derivative of glycopeptides and teicoplanin against SARS-COV2. Hydrophobic aglycon derivatives and teicoplanin, with minimal toxicity to human cell lines, inhibit entry and replication of SARS-COV2. These drugs block proteolysis of polyprotein a/b with replicase and transcription domains. Teicoplanin use was associated with complete viral clearance in a cohort of patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms. This review attempts to describe the activity, elucidate the possible mechanisms and potential clinical applications of existing glycopeptides against corona viruses, specifically SARS-COV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desalegn Getnet Demsie
- Adigrat University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Adigrat, Ethiopia,Correspondence: Desalegn Getnet Demsie Email
| | - Abadi Kahsu Gebre
- Mekelle University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Ebrahim M Yimer
- Wollo University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Niguse Meles Alema
- Adigrat University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Ephrem Mebrahtu Araya
- Adigrat University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Abere Tilahun Bantie
- Adigrat University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anesthesia, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Mengesha Dessie Allene
- Debre Berhan University, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Department of Anesthesia, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Hagazi Gebremedhin
- Mekelle University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Adane Yehualaw
- Bahir Dar University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Chernet Tafere
- Bahir Dar University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Bekalu Amare
- Mekelle University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Etsay Weldekidan
- Adigrat University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Desye Gebrie
- Mekelle University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Social Pharmacy and Pharmacoepidemiology, Mekelle, Ethiopia,Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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10
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Das SK. The Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Clin Biochem 2020; 35:385-396. [PMID: 32837036 PMCID: PMC7424135 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-020-00919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the beginning of this century, beta coronaviruses (CoV) have caused three zoonotic outbreaks. However, little is currently known about the biology of the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019. There is a spectrum of clinical features from mild to severe life threatening disease with major complications like severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute cardiac injury and septic shock. The genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes polyproteins, four structural proteins and six accessory proteins. SARS-CoV-2 tends to utilize Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) of various mammals. The imbalance between ACE/Ang II/AT1R pathway and ACE2/Ang(1-7)/Mas receptor pathway in the renin-angiotensin system leads to multi-system inflammation. The early symptoms of COVID-19 pneumonia are low to midgrade fever, dry cough and fatigue. Vigilant screening is important. The diagnosis of COVID-19 should be based on imaging findings along with epidemiological history and nucleic acid detection. Isolation and quarantine of suspected cases is recommended. Management is primarily supportive, with newer antiviral drugs/vaccines under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Kumar Das
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and JNM Hospital, WBUHS, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235 India
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11
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Abd Ellah NH, Gad SF, Muhammad K, E Batiha G, Hetta HF. Nanomedicine as a promising approach for diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis against COVID-19. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:2085-2102. [PMID: 32723142 PMCID: PMC7388682 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) puts the world in an unprecedented crisis, leaving behind huge human losses and deep socioeconomic damages. Due to the lack of specific treatment against SARS-CoV-2, effective vaccines and antiviral agents are urgently needed to properly restrain the COVID-19 pandemic. Repositioned drugs such as remdesivir have revealed a promising clinical efficacy against COVID-19. Interestingly, nanomedicine as a promising therapeutic approach could effectively help win the battle between coronaviruses (CoVs) and host cells. This review discusses the potential therapeutic approaches, in addition to the contribution of nanomedicine against CoVs in the fields of vaccination, diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura H Abd Ellah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Sheryhan F Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
- Department of Industrial & Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gaber E Batiha
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture & Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicines, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0595, USA
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12
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Mahmood Z, Alrefai H, Hetta HF, A. Kader H, Munawar N, Abdul Rahman S, Elshaer S, Batiha GEIS, Muhammad K. Investigating Virological, Immunological, and Pathological Avenues to Identify Potential Targets for Developing COVID-19 Treatment and Prevention Strategies. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E443. [PMID: 32781571 PMCID: PMC7563267 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging coronavirus causing respiratory disease commonly known as COVID-19. This novel coronavirus transmits from human to human and has caused profound morbidity and mortality worldwide leading to the ongoing pandemic. Moreover, disease severity differs considerably from individual to individual. Investigating the virology of COVID-19 and immunological pathways underlying its clinical manifestations will enable the identification and design of effective vaccines and potential therapies. In this review, we explore COVID-19 virology, the contribution of the immune system (innate and adaptive) during infection and control of the virus. Finally, we highlight vaccine development and implications of immune system modulation for potential therapeutic interventions to design better therapeutic strategies to guide future cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Mahmood
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Hani Alrefai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0595, USA; (H.A.); (H.F.H.)
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Helal F. Hetta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0595, USA; (H.A.); (H.F.H.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Hidaya A. Kader
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE;
| | - Nayla Munawar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE;
| | - Sheikh Abdul Rahman
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Centre, Yerkes National Primate Research Centre, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Shereen Elshaer
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA;
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Gaber EI-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicines, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE;
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13
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Chellapandi P, Saranya S. Genomics insights of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) into target-based drug discovery. Med Chem Res 2020; 29:1777-1791. [PMID: 32837137 PMCID: PMC7394272 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is a global health emergency and no clinically approved vaccines or antiviral drugs available to date. Intensive research on SARS-CoV-2 is urgently warranted to understand its pathogenesis and virulence mechanisms and to discover target-based antiviral therapeutics. Among various research logics, current bioinformatics highlights novel testable hypotheses for systematic drug repositioning and designing against COVID-19. A total of 121 articles related to bioinformatics facets of this virus were collected from the PubMed Central. The content of each investigation was comprehensively reviewed, manually curated, and included herein. Interestingly, 109 COVID-19-related literature published in 2020 (January-June) were included in this review. The present article emphasizes novel resource development on its genome structure, evolution, therapeutic targets, drug designing, and drug repurposing strategies. Genome organization, the function of coding genes, origin, and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 is described in detail. Genomic insights into understanding the structure-function relationships of drug targets including spike, main protease, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2 are discussed intensively. Several molecular docking and systems pharmacology approaches have been investigated some promising antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 based on its genomic characteristics, pathogenesis mechanism, and host specificity. Perhaps, the present genomic insights of this virus will provide a lead to the researchers to design or repurpose of antiviral drugs soon and future directions to control the spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Chellapandi
- grid.411678.d0000 0001 0941 7660Molecular Systems Engineering Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024 India
| | - S. Saranya
- grid.411678.d0000 0001 0941 7660Molecular Systems Engineering Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024 India
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