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Norte-Muñoz M, García-Bernal D, García-Ayuso D, Vidal-Sanz M, Agudo-Barriuso M. Interplay between mesenchymal stromal cells and the immune system after transplantation: implications for advanced cell therapy in the retina. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:542-547. [PMID: 37721282 PMCID: PMC10581591 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.380876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases are widely investigated in preclinical models. Mesenchymal stromal cells are well positioned as therapeutics because they address the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration, namely trophic factor deprivation and neuroinflammation. Most studies have focused on the beneficial effects of mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation on neuronal survival or functional improvement. However, little attention has been paid to the interaction between mesenchymal stromal cells and the host immune system due to the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stromal cells and the long-held belief of the immunoprivileged status of the central nervous system. Here, we review the crosstalk between mesenchymal stromal cells and the immune system in general and in the context of the central nervous system, focusing on recent work in the retina and the importance of the type of transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Norte-Muñoz
- Grupo de Investigación Oftalmología Experimental, Departamento de Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Grupo de Investigación Trasplante Hematopoyético y Terapia celular, Departamento de Bioquímica e Inmunología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego García-Ayuso
- Grupo de Investigación Oftalmología Experimental, Departamento de Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Grupo de Investigación Oftalmología Experimental, Departamento de Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Agudo-Barriuso
- Grupo de Investigación Oftalmología Experimental, Departamento de Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, 30120 Murcia, Spain
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Tanourlouee SB, Nasirzadeh M, Zolbin MM, Azimzadeh A, Babaei JF, Bitaraf M, Kajbafzadeh AM, Masoumi A, Hassani S, Mirnia K. Effects of fresh bone marrow mononuclear cell therapy in rat model of retinopathy of prematurity. Regen Ther 2023; 24:43-53. [PMID: 37334242 PMCID: PMC10276165 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disease that alters retinal vascular patterns in preterm neonates with immature retinal vasculature. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cell therapy by bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) on neurological and vascular damages in a rat model of ROP. Methods Ten newborn Wistar rats were divided randomly into the control and the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) groups. Animals in the OIR group were incubated in an oxygen chamber to induce retinopathy. One eye of animals in the OIR group received BMMNC suspension (treated eyes), and the contralateral eye received the same volume of saline injection. Then, all animals underwent funduscopy, angiography, electroretinography, histopathology and immunohistochemical assessments. Results Compared to the saline injection group, eyes treated with BMMNC had less vascular tortuosity while veins and arteries had relatively the same caliber, as revealed by fundus examinations. Eyes in the treatment group showed significantly elevated photopic and scotopic B waves amplitude. Neovascularization in the inner retinal layer and apoptosis of neural retina cells in the treatment group was significantly lower compared to untreated eyes. Also, BMMNC transplantation decreased glial cell activation and VEGF expression in ischemic retina. Conclusions Our results indicate that intravitreal injection of BMMNC reduces neural and vascular damages and results in recovered retinal function in rat model of ROP. Ease of extraction without in vitro processing, besides the therapeutic effects of BMMNCs, make this source of cells as a new choice of therapy for ROP or other retinal ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Behboodi Tanourlouee
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Nasirzadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Majidi Zolbin
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Azimzadeh
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Fahanik Babaei
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Bitaraf
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Masoumi
- Ophthalmology Department and Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kayvan Mirnia
- Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Department of Neonatology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhen F, Zou T, Wang T, Zhou Y, Dong S, Zhang H. Rhodopsin-associated retinal dystrophy: Disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1132179. [PMID: 37077319 PMCID: PMC10106759 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1132179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodopsin is a light-sensitive G protein-coupled receptor that initiates the phototransduction cascade in rod photoreceptors. Mutations in the rhodopsin-encoding gene RHO are the leading cause of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP). To date, more than 200 mutations have been identified in RHO. The high allelic heterogeneity of RHO mutations suggests complicated pathogenic mechanisms. Here, we discuss representative RHO mutations as examples to briefly summarize the mechanisms underlying rhodopsin-related retinal dystrophy, which include but are not limited to endoplasmic reticulum stress and calcium ion dysregulation resulting from protein misfolding, mistrafficking, and malfunction. Based on recent advances in our understanding of disease mechanisms, various treatment methods, including adaptation, whole-eye electrical stimulation, and small molecular compounds, have been developed. Additionally, innovative therapeutic treatment strategies, such as antisense oligonucleotide therapy, gene therapy, optogenetic therapy, and stem cell therapy, have achieved promising outcomes in preclinical disease models of rhodopsin mutations. Successful translation of these treatment strategies may effectively ameliorate, prevent or rescue vision loss related to rhodopsin mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tongdan Zou
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongwei Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuqian Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuqian Dong, ; Houbin Zhang,
| | - Houbin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Shuqian Dong, ; Houbin Zhang,
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Piñero G, Vence M, Aranda ML, Cercato MC, Soto PA, Usach V, Setton-Avruj PC. All the PNS is a Stage: Transplanted Bone Marrow Cells Play an Immunomodulatory Role in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231167281. [PMID: 37654230 PMCID: PMC10475269 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231167281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY STATEMENT Bone marrow cell transplant has proven to be an effective therapeutic approach to treat peripheral nervous system injuries as it not only promoted regeneration and remyelination of the injured nerve but also had a potent effect on neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Piñero
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patalógica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marianela Vence
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcos L. Aranda
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Neurobiology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Magalí C. Cercato
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula A. Soto
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patalógica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanina Usach
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patalógica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia C. Setton-Avruj
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patalógica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Optic Nerve Injury: Neuroprotection and Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233720. [PMID: 36496979 PMCID: PMC9738450 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies hold great promise as alternative treatments for incurable optic nerve disorders. Although mesenchymal stem cells exhibit various tissue regeneration and recovery capabilities that may serve as valuable therapies, the clinical applications remain limited. Thus, we investigated the utility of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPSCs) in this context. Hypoxically preconditioned hPSCs (HPPSCs) were prepared via short-term incubation under 2.2% O2 and 5.5% CO2. The EVs were then isolated. R28 cells (retinal precursor cells) were exposed to CoCl2 and treated with EVs for 24 h. Cell proliferation and regeneration were measured using a BrdU assay and immunoblotting; ATP quantification revealed the extent of the mitochondrial function. The proteome was determined via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected and their interactions identified. HPPSC_EVs functions were explored using animal models of optic nerve compression. HPPSC_EVs restored cell proliferation and mitochondrial quality control in R28 cells damaged by CoCl2. We identified DEPs (p < 0.05) that aided recovery. The mitochondrial DEPs included LONP1; PARK7; VDAC1, 2, and 3; HSPD1; and HSPA9. EVs regulated the levels of mitophagic proteins in R28 cells injured by hypoxia; the protein levels did not increase in LONP1 knockdown cells. LONP1 is a key mediator of the mitophagy that restores mitochondrial function after hypoxia-induced optic nerve injury.
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Soares MBP, Gonçalves RGJ, Vasques JF, da Silva-Junior AJ, Gubert F, Santos GC, de Santana TA, Almeida Sampaio GL, Silva DN, Dominici M, Mendez-Otero R. Current Status of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells for Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:883378. [PMID: 35782379 PMCID: PMC9244712 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.883378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders include a wide spectrum of clinical conditions affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems. For these conditions, which affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, generally limited or no treatments are available, and cell-based therapies have been intensively investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. Among the available cell types, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been widely studied but as yet no cell-based treatment exists for neurological disease. We review current knowledge of the therapeutic potential of MSC-based therapies for neurological diseases, as well as possible mechanisms of action that may be explored to hasten the development of new and effective treatments. We also discuss the challenges for culture conditions, quality control, and the development of potency tests, aiming to generate more efficient cell therapy products for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena B. P. Soares
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Renata G. J. Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Saúde no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana F. Vasques
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Almir J. da Silva-Junior
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Nanotecnologia no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gubert
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Saúde no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Girlaine Café Santos
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Thaís Alves de Santana
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Louise Almeida Sampaio
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Modena, Italy
| | - Rosalia Mendez-Otero
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Saúde no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Nanotecnologia no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Garcia-Ayuso D, Di Pierdomenico J, García-Bernal D, Vidal-Sanz M, Villegas-Pérez MP. Bone marrow-derived mononuclear stem cells in the treatment of retinal degenerations. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1937-1944. [PMID: 35142670 PMCID: PMC8848608 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases affecting the outer retina in its many forms (inherited, acquired or induced) are characterized by photoreceptor loss, and represent currently a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the world. At present, there are very few treatments capable of preventing, recovering or reversing photoreceptor degeneration or the secondary retinal remodeling, which follows photoreceptor loss and can also cause the death of other retinal cells. Thus, these diseases are nowadays one of the greatest challenges in the field of ophthalmological research. Bone marrow derived-mononuclear stem cell transplantation has shown promising results for the treatment of photoreceptor degenerations. These cells may have the potential to slow down photoreceptor loss, and therefore should be applied in the early stages of photoreceptor degenerations. Furthermore, because of their possible paracrine effects, they may have a wide range of clinical applications, since they can potentially impact on several retinal cell types at once and photoreceptor degenerations can involve different cells and/or begin in one cell type and then affect adjacent cells. The intraocular injection of bone marrow derived-mononuclear stem cells also enhances the outcomes of other treatments aimed to protect photoreceptors. Therefore, it is likely that future investigations may combine bone marrow derived-mononuclear stem cell therapy with other systemic or intraocular treatments to obtain greater therapeutic effects in degenerative retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Garcia-Ayuso
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la salud; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Virgen de la Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Johnny Di Pierdomenico
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la salud; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Virgen de la Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Virgen de la Arrixaca); Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la salud; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Virgen de la Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - María P Villegas-Pérez
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la salud; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Virgen de la Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
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8
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Tan S, Yao Y, Yang Q, Yuan XL, Cen LP, Ng TK. Diversified Treatment Options of Adult Stem Cells for Optic Neuropathies. Cell Transplant 2022; 31. [PMID: 36165292 PMCID: PMC9523835 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221123512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic neuropathies refer to a group of ocular disorders with abnormalities or dysfunction of the optic nerve, sharing a common pathophysiology of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and axonal loss. RGCs, as the retinal neurons in the central nervous system, show limited capacity in regeneration or recovery upon diseases or after injuries. Critically, there is still no effective clinical treatment to cure most types of optic neuropathies. Recently, stem cell therapy was proposed as a potential treatment strategy for optic neuropathies. Adult stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells, have been applied in clinical trials based on their neuroprotective properties. In this article, the applications of adult stem cells on different types of optic neuropathies and the related mechanisms will be reviewed. Research updates on the strategies to enhance the neuroprotective effects of human adult stem cells will be summarized. This review article aims to enlighten the research scientists on the diversified functions of adult stem cells and consideration of adult stem cells as a potential treatment for optic neuropathies in future clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Tan
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yao Yao
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qichen Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xiang-Ling Yuan
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ling-Ping Cen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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9
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Norte-Muñoz M, Lucas-Ruiz F, Gallego-Ortega A, García-Bernal D, Valiente-Soriano FJ, de la Villa P, Vidal-Sanz M, Agudo-Barriuso M. Neuroprotection and Axonal Regeneration Induced by Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Depend on the Type of Transplant. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:772223. [PMID: 34805178 PMCID: PMC8600074 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.772223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy to treat neurodegenerative diseases has not been as successful as expected in some preclinical studies. Because preclinical research is so diverse, it is difficult to know whether the therapeutic outcome is due to the cell type, the type of transplant or the model of disease. Our aim here was to analyze the effect of the type of transplant on neuroprotection and axonal regeneration, so we tested MSCs from the same niche in the same model of neurodegeneration in the three transplantation settings: xenogeneic, syngeneic and allogeneic. For this, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) isolated from healthy human volunteers or C57/BL6 mice were injected into the vitreous body of C57/BL6 mice (xenograft and syngraft) or BALB/c mice (allograft) right after optic nerve axotomy. As controls, vehicle matched groups were done. Retinal anatomy and function were analyzed in vivo by optical coherence tomography and electroretinogram, respectively. Survival of vision forming (Brn3a+) and non-vision forming (melanopsin+) retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was assessed at 3, 5 and 90 days after the lesion. Regenerative axons were visualized by cholera toxin β anterograde transport. Our data show that grafted BM-MSCs did not integrate in the retina but formed a mesh on top of the ganglion cell layer. The xenotransplant caused retinal edema, detachment and folding, and a significant decrease of functionality compared to the murine transplants. RGC survival and axonal regeneration were significantly higher in the syngrafted retinas than in the other two groups or vehicle controls. Melanopsin+RGCs, but not Brn3a+RGCs, were also neuroprotected by the xenograft. In conclusion, the type of transplant has an impact on the therapeutic effect of BM-MSCs affecting not only neuronal survival but also the host tissue response. Our data indicate that syngrafts may be more beneficial than allografts and, interestingly, that the type of neuron that is rescued also plays a significant role in the successfulness of the cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Norte-Muñoz
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) and Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Lucas-Ruiz
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) and Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gallego-Ortega
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) and Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) and Biochemistry, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Valiente-Soriano
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) and Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Systems Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) and Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Agudo-Barriuso
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) and Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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10
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Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Progenitor Cells Promote Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival and Axon Recovery in an Optic Nerve Compression Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212529. [PMID: 34830410 PMCID: PMC8622638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) have the potential to recover from nerve injury. We previously reported that human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PSCs) have neuroprotective effects. To evaluate the potential benefit of NPCs, we compared them to PSCs using R28 cells under hypoxic conditions and a rat model of optic nerve injury. NPCs and PSCs (2 × 106 cells) were injected into the subtenon space. After 1, 2, and 4 weeks, we examined changes in target proteins in the retina and optic nerve. NPCs significantly induced vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf) compared to age-matched shams and PSC groups at 2 weeks; they also induced neurofilaments in the retina compared to the sham group at 4 weeks. In addition, the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) was high in the retina in the NPC group at 2 weeks, while expression in the optic nerve was high in both the NPC and PSC groups. The low expression of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) in the retina had recovered at 2 weeks after NPC injection and at 4 weeks after PSC injection. The expression of the inflammatory protein NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 (Nlrp3) was significantly reduced at 1 week, and that of tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnf-α) in the optic nerves of the NPC group was lower at 2 weeks. Regarding retinal ganglion cells, the expressions of Brn3a and Tuj1 in the retina were enhanced in the NPC group compared to sham controls at 4 weeks. NPC injections increased Gap43 expression from 2 weeks and reduced Iba1 expression in the optic nerves during the recovery period. In addition, R28 cells exposed to hypoxic conditions showed increased cell survival when cocultured with NPCs compared to PSCs. Both Wnt/β-catenin signaling and increased Nf-ĸb could contribute to the rescue of damaged retinal ganglion cells via upregulation of neuroprotective factors, microglial engagement, and anti-inflammatory regulation by NPCs. This study suggests that NPCs could be useful for the cellular treatment of various optic neuropathies, together with cell therapy using mesenchymal stem cells.
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11
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Mesentier-Louro LA, Rangel B, Stell L, Shariati MA, Dalal R, Nathan A, Yuan K, de Jesus Perez V, Liao YJ. Hypoxia-induced inflammation: Profiling the first 24-hour posthypoxic plasma and central nervous system changes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246681. [PMID: 33661927 PMCID: PMC7932147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system and visual dysfunction is an unfortunate consequence of systemic hypoxia in the setting of cardiopulmonary disease, including infection with SARS-CoV-2, high-altitude cerebral edema and retinopathy and other conditions. Hypoxia-induced inflammatory signaling may lead to retinal inflammation, gliosis and visual disturbances. We investigated the consequences of systemic hypoxia using serial retinal optical coherence tomography and by assessing the earliest changes within 24h after hypoxia by measuring a proteomics panel of 39 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in the plasma and retina, as well as using retinal histology. We induced severe systemic hypoxia in adult C57BL/6 mice using a hypoxia chamber (10% O2) for 1 week and rapidly assessed measurements within 1h compared with 18h after hypoxia. Optical coherence tomography revealed retinal tissue edema at 18h after hypoxia. Hierarchical clustering of plasma and retinal immune molecules revealed obvious segregation of the 1h posthypoxia group away from that of controls. One hour after hypoxia, there were 10 significantly increased molecules in plasma and 4 in retina. Interleukin-1β and vascular endothelial growth factor were increased in both tissues. Concomitantly, there was significantly increased aquaporin-4, decreased Kir4.1, and increased gliosis in retinal histology. In summary, the immediate posthypoxic period is characterized by molecular changes consistent with systemic and retinal inflammation and retinal glial changes important in water transport, leading to tissue edema. This posthypoxic inflammation rapidly improves within 24h, consistent with the typically mild and transient visual disturbance in hypoxia, such as in high-altitude retinopathy. Given hypoxia increases risk of vision loss, more studies in at-risk patients, such as plasma immune profiling and in vivo retinal imaging, are needed in order to identify novel diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers of visual impairment in systemic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A. Mesentier-Louro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Barbara Rangel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Laurel Stell
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - M. Ali Shariati
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Roopa Dalal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Abinaya Nathan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ke Yuan
- Divisions of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vinicio de Jesus Perez
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Yaping Joyce Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
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12
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da Silva-Junior AJ, Mesentier-Louro LA, Nascimento-Dos-Santos G, Teixeira-Pinheiro LC, Vasques JF, Chimeli-Ormonde L, Bodart-Santos V, de Carvalho LRP, Santiago MF, Mendez-Otero R. Human mesenchymal stem cell therapy promotes retinal ganglion cell survival and target reconnection after optic nerve crush in adult rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:69. [PMID: 33468246 PMCID: PMC7814601 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optic-nerve injury results in impaired transmission of visual signals to central targets and leads to the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and irreversible vision loss. Therapies with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different sources have been used experimentally to increase survival and regeneration of RGCs. METHODS We investigated the efficacy of human umbilical Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (hWJ-MSCs) and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) in a rat model of optic nerve crush. RESULTS hWJ-MSCs had a sustained neuroprotective effect on RGCs for 14, 60, and 120 days after optic nerve crush. The same effect was obtained using serum-deprived hWJ-MSCs, whereas transplantation of EVs obtained from those cells was ineffective. Treatment with hWJ-MSCs also promoted axonal regeneration along the optic nerve and reinnervation of visual targets 120 days after crush. CONCLUSIONS The observations showed that this treatment with human-derived MSCs promoted sustained neuroprotection and regeneration of RGCs after optic nerve injury. These findings highlight the possibility to use cell therapy to preserve neurons and to promote axon regeneration, using a reliable source of human MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almir Jordão da Silva-Junior
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa-REGENERE, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Rede NanoSaúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Louise Alessandra Mesentier-Louro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel Nascimento-Dos-Santos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa-REGENERE, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro Coelho Teixeira-Pinheiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa-REGENERE, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Vasques
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa-REGENERE, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiza Chimeli-Ormonde
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa-REGENERE, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Victor Bodart-Santos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa-REGENERE, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiza Rachel Pinheiro de Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa-REGENERE, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Felippe Santiago
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa-REGENERE, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosalia Mendez-Otero
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa-REGENERE, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Rede NanoSaúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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13
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Lee J, Cho Y. Comparative gene expression profiling reveals the mechanisms of axon regeneration. FEBS J 2020; 288:4786-4797. [PMID: 33248003 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Axons are vulnerable to injury, potentially leading to degeneration or neuronal death. While neurons in the central nervous system fail to regenerate, neurons in the peripheral nervous system are known to regenerate. Since it has been shown that injury-response signal transduction is mediated by gene expression changes, expression profiling is a useful tool to understand the molecular mechanisms of regeneration. Axon regeneration is regulated by injury-responsive genes induced in both neurons and their surrounding non-neuronal cells. Thus, an experimental setup for the comparative analysis between regenerative and nonregenerative conditions is essential to identify ideal targets for the promotion of regeneration-associated genes and to understand the mechanisms of axon regeneration. Here, we review the original research that shows the key factors regulating axon regeneration, in particular by using comparative gene expression profiling in diverse systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Lee
- Laboratory of Axon Regeneration & Degeneration, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongcheol Cho
- Laboratory of Axon Regeneration & Degeneration, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Teixeira-Pinheiro LC, Toledo MF, Nascimento-Dos-Santos G, Mendez-Otero R, Mesentier-Louro LA, Santiago MF. Paracrine signaling of human mesenchymal stem cell modulates retinal microglia population number and phenotype in vitro. Exp Eye Res 2020; 200:108212. [PMID: 32910940 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cellular therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is emerging as an effective option to treat optic neuropathies. In models of retinal degeneration, MSC injected in the vitreous body protects injured retinal ganglion cells and stimulate their regeneration, however the mechanism is still unknown. Considering the immunomodulating proprieties of MSC and the controversial role of microglial contribution on retinal regeneration, we developed an in vitro co-culture model to analyze the effect of MSC on retinal microglia population. METHODS We used whole adult rat retinal explants in co-culture with human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) separated by a transwell membrane and analyzed hMSC effect on both retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and retinal microglia. RESULTS hMSC in co-culture protected RGCs after 3 days in vitro by paracrine signaling. In addition, hMSC reduced microglia population and inhibited the pro-inflammatory phenotype of the remaining microglia. CONCLUSIONS Using a co-culture model, we demonstrated the paracrine effect of hMSC on RGC survival after injury concomitant with a reduction of microglial population. Paracrine signaling of hMSC also changed microglia phenotype and the expression of antiinflammatory factors in the retina. Our results are consistent with a detrimental effect of microglia on RGC survival and regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro C Teixeira-Pinheiro
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Brazil.
| | - Maria F Toledo
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Brazil
| | | | - Rosalia Mendez-Otero
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Brazil
| | - Louise A Mesentier-Louro
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil; Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Marcelo F Santiago
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Brazil
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15
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Bilateral epiretinal membrane formation following intravitreal injections of autologous mesenchymal stem cells. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2020; 16:561-564. [PMID: 32568958 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000001032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The authors describe a case of new bilateral epiretinal membranes and vitreous cells following intravitreal and subTenon's injections of bone marrow-derived stem cells. METHODS Case report of a 43-year-old man with OPA-1 autosomal dominant optic atrophy who self-enrolled in a stem cell therapy clinical trial and received simultaneous bilateral intravitreal and subTenon's injections of bone marrow-derived stem cells. RESULTS Within one month of receiving the injections, the patient developed epiretinal membranes and vitreous cells in both eyes, seen with optical coherence tomography. CONCLUSION Stem cell therapy has been gaining popularity as a potential intervention for progressive retinal and optic nerve diseases; however, the mechanism of action of bone marrow-derived stem cells is still not well understood and may result in unintended cell differentiation.
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16
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Kwon H, Park M, Nepali S, Lew H. Hypoxia-Preconditioned Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Rescue Optic Nerve Axons Via Differential Roles of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in an Optic Nerve Compression Animal Model. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3362-3375. [PMID: 32524519 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human placenta-derived stem cells (hPSCs) with the therapeutic potential to recover from optic nerve injury have been reported. We have recently demonstrated that hPSCs have protective abilities against hypoxic damage. To improve the capacity of hPSCs, we established a hypoxia-preconditioned strain (HPPCs) using a hypoxic chamber. The hPSCs were exposed to short-term hypoxic conditions of 2.2% O2 and 5.5% CO2. We also performed in vivo experiments to demonstrate the recovery effects of HPPCs using an optic nerve injury rat model. Naïve hPSCs (and HPPCs) were injected into the optic nerve. After 1, 2, or 4 weeks, we analyzed changes in target proteins in the optic nerve tissues. In the retina, GAP43 expression was higher in both groups of naïve hPSCs and HPPCs versus sham controls. Two weeks after injection, all hPSC-injected groups showed recovery of tuj1 expression in damaged retinas. We also determined GFAP expression in retinas using the same model. In optic nerve tissues, HIF-1α levels were significantly lower in the HPPC-injected group 1 week after injury, and Thy-1 levels were higher in the hPSC-injected group at 4 weeks. There was also an enhanced recovery of Thy-1 expression after HPPC injection. In addition, R28 cells exposed to hypoxic conditions showed improved viability through enhanced recovery of HPPCs than naïve hPSCs. VEGF protein was a mediator in the recovery pathway via upregulation of target proteins regulated by HPPCs. Our results suggest that HPPCs may be candidates for cell therapy for the treatment of traumatic optic nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejung Kwon
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarmila Nepali
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Helen Lew
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Ocular Hypertension-Induced Retinal Neuroinflammation via Toll-Like Receptor 4 Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9274585. [PMID: 31737079 PMCID: PMC6815608 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9274585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is characterized by progressive, irreversible damage to the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons. Our previous study has shown that the intravitreal transplantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) reveals a neuroprotective role in microsphere injection-induced ocular hypertension (OHT) rat models. The protection is related to the modulation of glial cells, but the mechanisms are still unknown. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the potential neuroinflammatory mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective role of hUC-MSCs. OHT models were established with SD rats through intracameral injection of polystyrene microbeads. The animals were randomly divided into three groups: the normal group, the OHT+phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) group, and the OHT+hUC-MSC group. Retinal morphology was evaluated by measuring the inner retinal thickness via optical coherence tomography (OCT). Retinal cell apoptosis was examined by TUNEL staining and Bax expression 14 days following hUC-MSC transplantation. The expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (iba-1), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were assessed via immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative PCR, and Western blot. RNA and proteins were extracted 14 days following transplantation, and the expression levels of the TLR4 signaling pathways and proinflammatory cytokines—myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α—were determined. OCT showed that the intravitreal transplantation of hUC-MSCs significantly increased the inner thickness of the retina. A TUNEL assay and the expression of Bax suggested that the apoptosis of retinal cells was decreased by hUC-MSCs 14 days following transplantation. Intravitreal hUC-MSC transplantation resulted in a decreased expression of GFAP, iba-1, TLR4, MyD88, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α 14 days following transplantation. In addition, via in vitro experiments, we found that the increased expression of the TLR4 signaling pathway induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was markedly decreased after hUC-MSCs were cocultured with rMC-1 and BV2 cells. These findings indicate that hUC-MSC transplantation attenuates OHT-induced retinal neuroinflammation via the TLR4 pathway.
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18
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Effects of a combinatorial treatment with gene and cell therapy on retinal ganglion cell survival and axonal outgrowth after optic nerve injury. Gene Ther 2019; 27:27-39. [PMID: 31243393 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-019-0089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
After an injury, axons in the central nervous system do not regenerate over large distances and permanently lose their connections to the brain. Two promising approaches to correct this condition are cell and gene therapies. In the present work, we evaluated the neuroprotective and neuroregenerative potential of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) gene therapy alone and combined with human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) therapy after optic nerve injury by analysis of retinal ganglion cell survival and axonal outgrowth. Overexpression of PEDF by intravitreal delivery of AAV2 vector significantly increased Tuj1-positive cells survival and modulated FGF-2, IL-1ß, Iba-1, and GFAP immunostaining in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) at 4 weeks after optic nerve crush, although it could not promote axonal outgrowth. The combination of AAV2.PEDF and hMSC therapy showed a higher number of Tuj1-positive cells and a pronounced axonal outgrowth than unimodal therapy after optic nerve crush. In summary, our results highlight a synergistic effect of combined gene and cell therapy relevant for future therapeutic interventions regarding optic nerve injury.
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19
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Mesentier-Louro LA, Teixeira-Pinheiro LC, Gubert F, Vasques JF, Silva-Junior AJ, Chimeli-Ormonde L, Nascimento-Dos-Santos G, Mendez-Otero R, Santiago MF. Long-term neuronal survival, regeneration, and transient target reconnection after optic nerve crush and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:121. [PMID: 30995945 PMCID: PMC6472105 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Retina and/or optic nerve injury may cause irreversible blindness, due to degeneration of retinal ganglion cells. We and others have previously shown that the intravitreal injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) protects injured retinal ganglion cells and stimulates their regeneration after optic nerve injury, but the long-term effects of this therapy are still unknown. Methods We injected rat MSC (rMSC) intravitreally in adult (3–5 months) Lister Hooded rats of either sex after optic nerve crush. Retinal ganglion cell survival, axonal regeneration, and reconnection were analyzed 60 and 240 days after crush by immunohistochemistry for Tuj1, anterograde labeling with cholera-toxin B and by immunohistochemistry for nerve growth factor-induced gene A (NGFI-A, driven by light stimulation) in the superior colliculus after a cycle of light deprivation-stimulation. Visual behaviors (optokinetic reflex, looming response, and preference for dark) were analyzed 70 days after crush. Results rMSC treatment doubled the number of surviving retinal ganglion cells, preferentially of a larger subtype, and of axons regenerating up to 0.5 mm. Some axons regenerated to the lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus. NGFI-A+ cells were doubled in rMSC-treated animals 60 days after crush, but equivalent to vehicle-injected animals 240 days after crush, suggesting that newly formed synapses degenerated. Animals did not recover visual behaviors. Conclusions We conclude that rMSC-induced neuroprotection is sustained at longer time points. Although rMSCs promoted long-term neuroprotection and long-distance axon regeneration, the reconnection of retinal ganglion cells with their targets was transitory, indicating that they need additional stimuli to make stable reconnections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1226-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Mesentier-Louro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Leandro C Teixeira-Pinheiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gubert
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Vasques
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine-REGENERE, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Almir J Silva-Junior
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine-REGENERE, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiza Chimeli-Ormonde
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine-REGENERE, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Nascimento-Dos-Santos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Rosalia Mendez-Otero
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine-REGENERE, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F Santiago
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
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20
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Optic Nerve Regeneration: Considerations on Treatment of Acute Optic Neuropathy and End-Stage Disease. CURRENT OPHTHALMOLOGY REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40135-019-00194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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21
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Gubert F, Bonacossa-Pereira I, Decotelli AB, Furtado M, Vasconcelos-Dos-Santos A, Mendez-Otero R, Santiago MF. Bone-marrow mononuclear cell therapy in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Functional outcomes from different administration routes. Brain Res 2019; 1712:73-81. [PMID: 30735638 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic degenerative disease that mainly affects motor neurons, leading to progressive paralysis and death. Recently, cell therapy has emerged as a therapeutic alternative for several neurological diseases, including ALS, and bone-marrow cells are one of the major cell sources. Considering the importance of pre-clinical trials to determine the best therapeutic protocol and the hope of translating this protocol to the clinical setting, we tested bone-marrow mononuclear cell (BMMC) therapy administered by different routes in the SOD1G93A model of ALS. BMMCs were isolated from non-transgenic, age matched animals and administered intravenously (IV), intramuscularly (IM), and intravenously and intramuscular concomitantly (IV + IM). BMMC therapy had no significant beneficial effects when injected IV or IM, but delayed disease progression when these two routes were used concomitantly. BMMC IV + IM treatment reduced the number of microglia cells in the spinal cord and partially protected of neuromuscular-junction innervation, but had no effect in preventing motor-neuron loss. This study showed that injection of BMMC IV + IM had better results when compared to each route in isolation, highlighting the importance of targeting multiple anatomical regions in the treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gubert
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Igor Bonacossa-Pereira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Ana B Decotelli
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Michelle Furtado
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rosalia Mendez-Otero
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo F Santiago
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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22
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Mesentier-Louro LA, Rosso P, Carito V, Mendez-Otero R, Santiago MF, Rama P, Lambiase A, Tirassa P. Nerve Growth Factor Role on Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival and Axon Regrowth: Effects of Ocular Administration in Experimental Model of Optic Nerve Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:1056-1069. [PMID: 29869196 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration occurs within 2 weeks following optic nerve crush (ONC) as a consequence of reduced retro-transport of growth factors including nerve growth factor (NGF). The hypothesis that intravitreal (ivt) and eye drop (ed) administration of recombinant human NGF (rhNGF) might counteract ONC in adult rats is explored in this study. We found that both ivt- and ed-rhNGF reduced RGC loss and stimulated axonal regrowth. Chiefly, survival and regenerative effects of rhNGF were associated with a reduction of cells co-expressing Nogo-A/p75NTR at crush site borders, which contribute to glia scar formation following nerve injury, and induce further degeneration. We also found that ocular application of rhNGF reduced p75NTR and proNGF and enhanced phosphorylation of TrkA and its intracellular signals at retina level. Nogo-R and Rock2 expression was also normalized by ed-rhNGF treatment in both ONC and contralateral retina. Our findings that ocular applied NGF reaches and exerts biological actions on posterior segment of the eye give a further insight into the neurotrophin diffusion/transport through eye structures and/or their trafficking in optic nerve. In addition, the use of a highly purified NGF form in injury condition in which proNGF/p75NTR binding is favored indicates that increased availability of mature NGF restores the balance between TrkA and p75NGF, thus resulting in RGC survival and axonal growth. In conclusion, ocular applied NGF is confirmed as a good experimental paradigm to study mechanisms of neurodegeneration and regeneration, disclose biomarkers, and time windows for efficacy treatment following cell or nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Mesentier-Louro
- Eye Repair Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pamela Rosso
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council (CNR), Via di Fosso di Fiorano, 64 (00143), Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Carito
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council (CNR), Via di Fosso di Fiorano, 64 (00143), Rome, Italy
| | - Rosalia Mendez-Otero
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F Santiago
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paolo Rama
- Eye Repair Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lambiase
- Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Sense Organs, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Tirassa
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council (CNR), Via di Fosso di Fiorano, 64 (00143), Rome, Italy.
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23
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Lucas-Ruiz F, Galindo-Romero C, García-Bernal D, Norte-Muñoz M, Rodríguez-Ramírez KT, Salinas-Navarro M, Millán-Rivero JE, Vidal-Sanz M, Agudo-Barriuso M. Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for damaged retinal ganglion cells, is gold all that glitters? Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1851-1857. [PMID: 31290434 PMCID: PMC6676874 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.259601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells are an excellent source of stem cells because they are isolated from adult tissues or perinatal derivatives, avoiding the ethical concerns that encumber embryonic stem cells. In preclinical models, it has been shown that mesenchymal stromal cells have neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties, both of which are ideal for central nervous system treatment and repair. Here we will review the current literature on mesenchymal stromal cells, focusing on bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells, adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and mesenchymal stromal cells from the umbilical cord stroma, i.e., Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells. Finally, we will discuss the use of these cells to alleviate retinal ganglion cell degeneration following axonal trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Lucas-Ruiz
- Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca); Department of Talmología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Caridad Galindo-Romero
- Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca); Department of Talmología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Unidad de Terapia Celular y Trasplante Hematopoyético, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca); Department of Medicina Interna, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Norte-Muñoz
- Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca); Department of Talmología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Kristy T Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca); Department of Talmología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Salinas-Navarro
- Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca); Department of Talmología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose E Millán-Rivero
- Unidad de Terapia Celular y Trasplante Hematopoyético, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca); Department of Medicina Interna, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca); Department of Talmología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Agudo-Barriuso
- Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca); Department of Talmología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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24
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Millán-Rivero JE, Nadal-Nicolás FM, García-Bernal D, Sobrado-Calvo P, Blanquer M, Moraleda JM, Vidal-Sanz M, Agudo-Barriuso M. Human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells protect axotomized rat retinal ganglion cells via secretion of anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic factors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16299. [PMID: 30389962 PMCID: PMC6214908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is emerging as an ideal tool to restore the wounded central nervous system (CNS). MSCs isolated from extra-embryonic tissues have some advantages compared to MSCs derived from adult ones, such as an improved proliferative capacity, life span, differentiation potential and immunomodulatory properties. In addition, they are more immunoprivileged, reducing the probability of being rejected by the recipient. Umbilical cords (UCs) are a good source of MSCs because they are abundant, safe, non-invasively harvested after birth and, importantly, they are not encumbered with ethical problems. Here we show that the intravitreal transplant of Wharton´s jelly mesenchymal stem cells isolated from three different human UCs (hWJMSCs) delays axotomy-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss. In vivo, hWJMSCs secrete anti-inflammatory molecules and trophic factors, the latter alone may account for the elicited neuroprotection. Interestingly, this expression profile differs between naive and injured retinas, suggesting that the environment in which the hWJMSCs are modulates their secretome. Finally, even though the transplant itself is not toxic for RGCs, it is not innocuous as it triggers a transient but massive infiltration of Iba1+cells from the choroid to the retina that alters the retinal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose E Millán-Rivero
- Unidad de Terapia Celular y Trasplante Hematopoyético. Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Dpto Medicina Interna, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco M Nadal-Nicolás
- Dpto Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Retinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David García-Bernal
- Unidad de Terapia Celular y Trasplante Hematopoyético. Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Dpto Medicina Interna, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Paloma Sobrado-Calvo
- Dpto Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanquer
- Unidad de Terapia Celular y Trasplante Hematopoyético. Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Dpto Medicina Interna, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose M Moraleda
- Unidad de Terapia Celular y Trasplante Hematopoyético. Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Dpto Medicina Interna, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Dpto Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Agudo-Barriuso
- Dpto Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain. .,Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.
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25
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Cen LP, Ng TK, Liang JJ, Zhuang X, Yao X, Yam GHF, Chen H, Cheung HS, Zhang M, Pang CP. Human Periodontal Ligament-Derived Stem Cells Promote Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival and Axon Regeneration After Optic Nerve Injury. Stem Cells 2018; 36:844-855. [PMID: 29476565 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Optic neuropathies are the leading cause of irreversible blindness and visual impairment in the developed countries, affecting more than 80 million people worldwide. While most optic neuropathies have no effective treatment, there is intensive research on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) protection and axon regeneration. We previously demonstrated potential of human periodontal ligament-derived stem cells (PDLSCs) for retinal cell replacement. Here, we report the neuroprotective effect of human PDLSCs to ameliorate RGC degeneration and promote axonal regeneration after optic nerve crush (ONC) injury. Human PDLSCs were intravitreally injected into the vitreous chamber of adult Fischer rats after ONC in vivo as well as cocultured with retinal explants in vitro. Human PDLSCs survived in the vitreous chamber and were maintained on the RGC layer even at 3 weeks after ONC. Immunofluorescence analysis of βIII-tubulin and Gap43 showed that the numbers of surviving RGCs and regenerating axons were significantly increased in the rats with human PDLSC transplantation. In vitro coculture experiments confirmed that PDLSCs enhanced RGC survival and neurite regeneration in retinal explants without inducing inflammatory responses. Direct cell-cell interaction and elevated brain-derived neurotrophic factor secretion, but not promoting endogenous progenitor cell regeneration, were the RGC protective mechanisms of human PDLSCs. In summary, our results revealed the neuroprotective role of human PDLSCs by strongly promoting RGC survival and axonal regeneration both in vivo and in vitro, indicating a therapeutic potential for RGC protection against optic neuropathies. Stem Cells 2018;36:844-855.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ping Cen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhuang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowu Yao
- Dentistry Department, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gary Hin-Fai Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Herman S Cheung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
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26
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Guiding Lights in Genome Editing for Inherited Retinal Disorders: Implications for Gene and Cell Therapy. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:5056279. [PMID: 29853845 PMCID: PMC5964415 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5056279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a leading cause of visual impairment in the developing world. These conditions present an irreversible dysfunction or loss of neural retinal cells, which significantly impacts quality of life. Due to the anatomical accessibility and immunoprivileged status of the eye, ophthalmological research has been at the forefront of innovative and advanced gene- and cell-based therapies, both of which represent great potential as therapeutic treatments for IRD patients. However, due to a genetic and clinical heterogeneity, certain IRDs are not candidates for these approaches. New advances in the field of genome editing using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) have provided an accurate and efficient way to edit the human genome and represent an appealing alternative for treating IRDs. We provide a brief update on current gene augmentation therapies for retinal dystrophies. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in the field of genome editing and stem cell technologies, which together enable precise and personalized therapies for patients. Lastly, we highlight current technological limitations and barriers that need to be overcome before this technology can become a viable treatment option for patients.
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27
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Ji S, Lin S, Chen J, Huang X, Wei CC, Li Z, Tang S. Neuroprotection of Transplanting Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Microbead Induced Ocular Hypertension Rat Model. Curr Eye Res 2018; 43:810-820. [PMID: 29505314 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1440604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential therapeutic benefits of intravitreally transplanted human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) in an animal model of microbead-injection-induced ocular hypertension (OHT). METHODS UC-MSCs were isolated from human umbilical cords and then cultured. The OHT model was induced via intracameral injection of polystyrene microbeads in Sprague-Dawley adult rat eyes. Fifty-four healthy adult rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control, OHT model treated with intravitreal transplantation of UC-MSCs, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Two days after OHT was induced, either 5 µl 105 UC-MSCs suspension or PBS was injected into the vitreous cavity of rats. UC-MSCs localization and integration were examined via immunohistochemistry. Neuroprotection was quantified by counting retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and axons 2 weeks following transplantation. The expression levels of glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were assessed via immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Functional recovery was assessed 2 weeks after transplantation via scotopic threshold response (STR) electroretinography. RESULTS Elevated IOP levels were sustained at least 3 weeks after intracameral microbead injection and the number of β-III-tubulin+ RGCs significantly declined compared to PBS-injected eyes. UC-MSCs survived for at least 2 weeks after intravitreal transplantation and predominantly located in the vitreous cavity. A fraction of cells migrated into the ganglion cell layer of host retina, but without differentiation. Intravitreal UC-MSC transplantation resulted in increased number of RGCs, axons, and increased expression of GDNF and BDNF but decreased expression of GFAP. Intravitreal delivery of UC-MSCs significantly improved the recovery of the positive STR. CONCLUSIONS Intravitreal transplantation of UC-MSCs revealed the neuroprotection in the microbead-injection induced OHT. The effects could be related to the secretion of tropic factors (BDNF and GDNF) and the modulation of glial cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangli Ji
- a Aier School of Ophthalmology , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Saiyue Lin
- b Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Jiansu Chen
- a Aier School of Ophthalmology , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Xinping Huang
- c Department of Biology , ShenzhenHornetcorn Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Shenzhen , Guangdong , China
| | - Chih-Chang Wei
- c Department of Biology , ShenzhenHornetcorn Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Shenzhen , Guangdong , China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- b Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Shibo Tang
- a Aier School of Ophthalmology , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
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28
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EGFP transgene: a useful tool to track transplanted bone marrow mononuclear cell contribution to peripheral remyelination. Transgenic Res 2018; 27:135-153. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-018-0062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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Leinonen H, Tanila H. Vision in laboratory rodents-Tools to measure it and implications for behavioral research. Behav Brain Res 2017; 352:172-182. [PMID: 28760697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Mice and rats are nocturnal mammals and their vision is specialized for detection of motion and contrast in dim light conditions. These species possess a large proportion of UV-sensitive cones in their retinas and the majority of their optic nerve axons target superior colliculus rather than visual cortex. Therefore, it was a widely held belief that laboratory rodents hardly utilize vision during day-time behavior. This dogma is being questioned as accumulating evidence suggests that laboratory rodents are able to perform complex visual functions, such as perceiving subjective contours, and that declined vision may affect their performance in many behavioral tasks. For instance, genetic engineering may have unexpected consequences on vision as mouse models of Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases have declined visual function. Rodent vision can be tested in numerous ways using operant training or reflex-based behavioral tasks, or alternatively using electrophysiological recordings. In this article, we will first provide a summary of visual system and explain its characteristics unique to rodents. Then, we present well-established techniques to test rodent vision, with an emphasis on pattern vision: visual water test, optomotor reflex test, pattern electroretinography and pattern visual evoked potentials. Finally, we highlight the importance of visual phenotyping in rodents. As the number of genetically engineered rodent models and volume of behavioral testing increase simultaneously, the possibility of visual dysfunctions needs to be addressed. Neglect in this matter potentially leads to crude biases in the field of neuroscience and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Leinonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Neulaniementie 2, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Neulaniementie 2, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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30
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Systemic Transplantation of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Promotes Axonal Regeneration and Analgesia in a Model of Wallerian Degeneration. Transplantation 2017; 101:1573-1586. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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31
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Gubert F, Decotelli AB, Bonacossa-Pereira I, Figueiredo FR, Zaverucha-do-Valle C, Tovar-Moll F, Hoffmann L, Urmenyi TP, Santiago MF, Mendez-Otero R. Intraspinal bone-marrow cell therapy at pre- and symptomatic phases in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:41. [PMID: 26979533 PMCID: PMC4791786 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurological disease that selectively affects the motor neurons. The details of the mechanisms of selective motor-neuron death remain unknown and no effective therapy has been developed. We investigated the therapy with bone-marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) in a mouse model of ALS (SOD1(G93A) mice). METHODS We injected 10(6) BMMC into the lumbar portion of the spinal cord of SOD1(G93A) mice in presymptomatic (9 weeks old) and symptomatic (14 weeks old) phases. In each condition, we analyzed the progression of disease and the lifespan of the animals. RESULTS We observed a mild transitory delay in the disease progression in the animals injected with BMMC in the presymptomatic phase. However, we observed no increase in the lifespan. When we injected BMMC in the symptomatic phase, we observed no difference in the animals' lifespan or in the disease progression. Immunohistochemistry for NeuN showed a decrease in the number of motor neurons during the course of the disease, and this decrease was not affected by either treatment. Using different strategies to track the BMMC, we noted that few cells remained in the spinal cord after transplantation. This observation could explain why the BMMC therapy had only a transitory effect. CONCLUSION This is the first report of intraspinal BMMC therapy in a mouse model of ALS. We conclude this cellular therapy has only a mild transitory effect when performed in the presymptomatic phase of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gubert
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Sala G2-028, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, RJ 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Ana B Decotelli
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Sala G2-028, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, RJ 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Igor Bonacossa-Pereira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Sala G2-028, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, RJ 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Figueiredo
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Sala G2-028, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, RJ 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Zaverucha-do-Valle
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil 4365, Maguinhos, RJ 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tovar-Moll
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging, CENABIO, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, RJ 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Educação (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro 30, Botafogo, RJ 22281-100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luísa Hoffmann
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Sala G2-028, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, RJ 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Turan P Urmenyi
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Sala G2-028, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, RJ 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F Santiago
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Sala G2-028, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, RJ 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosalia Mendez-Otero
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Sala G2-028, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, RJ 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Bone Marrow-Derived Cells as a Therapeutic Approach to Optic Nerve Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:5078619. [PMID: 26649049 PMCID: PMC4663341 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5078619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Following optic nerve injury associated with acute or progressive diseases, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of adult mammals degenerate and undergo apoptosis. These diseases have limited therapeutic options, due to the low inherent capacity of RGCs to regenerate and due to the inhibitory milieu of the central nervous system. Among the numerous treatment approaches investigated to stimulate neuronal survival and axonal extension, cell transplantation emerges as a promising option. This review focuses on cell therapies with bone marrow mononuclear cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, which have shown positive therapeutic effects in animal models of optic neuropathies. Different aspects of available preclinical studies are analyzed, including cell distribution, potential doses, routes of administration, and mechanisms of action. Finally, published and ongoing clinical trials are summarized.
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Xue JW, Jiao JB, Liu XF, Jiang YT, Yang G, Li CY, Yin WT, Ling L. Inhibition of Peripheral Nerve Scarring by Calcium Antagonists, Also Known as Calcium Channel Blockers. Artif Organs 2015; 40:514-20. [PMID: 26488333 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of calcium channel blockers (verapamil) on the formation of scars in the sciatic nerve anastomosis after peripheral nerve injury. One hundred twenty healthy, male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and prepared with right sciatic nerve injury for this study. Samples were selected at the fourth and 12th weeks, respectively, after treatment and observations were made on the nerve anastomosis healing and diameter. Image analysis and statistical processing were carried out relating to the results of the study. The diameter of the anastomosis of the treatment group at weeks 4 and 12 was noticeably smaller than the control group (P < 0.05). In the treatment group at week 4, there were many vesicles observed in the fibroblasts' cytosol and in the control group, the fibroblasts exhibited high number of rough endoplasmic reticulum. The collagen content of the nerve scarring at week 12 in the treatment group was apparently less than the control group (P < 0.01). The calcium channel blocker (verapamil) reduced the axon resistance through the anastomosis during nerve regeneration. It can effectively inhibit the formation of scarring from nerve injury. It also provided an excellent microenvironment for the regeneration of nerve fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wei Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jian-Bao Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yuan-Tao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chinese-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-Yu Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chinese-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei-Tian Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chinese-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
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Zhang ZJ, Li YJ, Liu XG, Huang FX, Liu TJ, Jiang DM, Lv XM, Luo M. Human umbilical cord blood stem cells and brain-derived neurotrophic factor for optic nerve injury: a biomechanical evaluation. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1134-8. [PMID: 26330839 PMCID: PMC4541247 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.160110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment for optic nerve injury by brain-derived neurotrophic factor or the transplantation of human umbilical cord blood stem cells has gained progress, but analysis by biomechanical indicators is rare. Rabbit models of optic nerve injury were established by a clamp. At 7 days after injury, the vitreous body received a one-time injection of 50 μg brain-derived neurotrophic factor or 1 × 10(6) human umbilical cord blood stem cells. After 30 days, the maximum load, maximum stress, maximum strain, elastic limit load, elastic limit stress, and elastic limit strain had clearly improved in rabbit models of optical nerve injury after treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor or human umbilical cord blood stem cells. The damage to the ultrastructure of the optic nerve had also been reduced. These findings suggest that human umbilical cord blood stem cells and brain-derived neurotrophic factor effectively repair the injured optical nerve, improve biomechanical properties, and contribute to the recovery after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Jun Zhang
- Department of Mechanics, PLA Air Force Aviation University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ya-Jun Li
- Mathematics School, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Liu
- Department of Mechanics, PLA Air Force Aviation University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Feng-Xiao Huang
- Department of Mechanics, PLA Air Force Aviation University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Tie-Jun Liu
- Department of Mechanics, PLA Air Force Aviation University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Dong-Mei Jiang
- Department of Mechanics, PLA Air Force Aviation University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue-Man Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Pain, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Ma W, Wei X, Gu H, Li H, Guan K, Liu D, Chen L, Cao S, An D, Zhang H, Huang T, Miao J, Zhao G, Wu D, Liu B, Wang W, Yuan Z. Sensory neuron differentiation potential of in utero mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in rat fetuses with spina bifida aperta. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 103:772-9. [PMID: 26172505 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous studies, we found that the deficiency of sensory and motor neurons was a primary defect associated with the spinal malformation. Upon prenatal treatment of spina bifida through in utero stem cell transplantation in a retinoic acid-induced spina bifida rat model, we found that the mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) survived, migrated, and differentiated into cells of a neural lineage. In the present study, we investigated whether the transplanted MSCs had the potential to differentiate into sensory neurons or to protect sensory neurons in the defective spinal cord. METHODS Pregnant rats treated with retinoic acid on embryonic day (E) 10, underwent fetal surgery for MSC transplantation on E16. The fetuses were harvested on E20. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of Brn3a protein in the transplanted MSCs and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in the defective spinal cords. The expression of the transcription factors Brn3a and Runx1 in spinal cords was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Some of the transplanted MSCs expressed sensory neuron cell specific phenotypes. The expression of Brn3a and Runx1 was upregulated in the defective spinal cords when compared to controls. The percentage of Brn3a-positive neurons in DRG was also increased after transplantation. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the transplantation of MSCs into the spinal cord could promote the transplanted MSCs and the surrounding cells to differentiate toward a sensory neuron cell fate and to play an important role in protecting sensory neurons in DRG. This approach might be of value in the treatment of sensory neuron deficiency in spina bifida aperta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kaoping Guan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lizhu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Songying Cao
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong An
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Henan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianchu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guifeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Jian Q, Li Y, Yin ZQ. Rat BMSCs initiate retinal endogenous repair through NGF/TrkA signaling. Exp Eye Res 2015; 132:34-47. [PMID: 25584870 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Müller cells can completely repair retinal injury by acting as endogenous stem/progenitor cells in lower-order vertebrates. However, a safe and effective approach to activate progenitor potential of retinal Müller cells in higher-order vertebrates, which rarely re-enter the cell cycle, is a bottleneck problem. In the present study, Royal College of Surgeon's (RCS) rats were subjected to rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) subretinal space transplantation. Electroretinography (ERG) recordings showed that the b-wave amplitudes and ONL thicknesses statistically increased after transplantation. The number of Müller cells expressing proliferative, stem/progenitor and neuronal markers significantly increased after rBMSCs transplantation in vivo or after co-culturing with rBMSCs in vitro. The cultured rBMSCs could secrete nerve growth factor (NGF). In addition, we confirmed that NGF or NGF-neutralizing antibody could activate or depress Müller cells dedifferentiation, both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, Müller cells expressing high levels of the NGF receptor neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 (TrkA) were observed in the retinas of rats transplanted with rBMSCs. Moreover, the protein expression of downstream elements of NGF/TrkA signaling, such as p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-CREB, increased in Müller cells in the retinas of rBMSCs-treated rats in vivo or in Müller cells co-cultured with rBMSCs in vitro. Blocking TrkA with K-252a reduced the number of dedifferentiated Müller cells and the expression of NGF/TrkA signaling in vitro. Thus, rBMSCs might initiate endogenous regenerative mechanisms, which may constitute a new therapeutic strategy for retinal dystrophic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jian
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yaochen Li
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Zheng Qin Yin
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Mesentier-Louro LA, Zaverucha-do-Valle C, da Silva-Junior AJ, Nascimento-dos-Santos G, Gubert F, de Figueirêdo ABP, Torres AL, Paredes BD, Teixeira C, Tovar-Moll F, Mendez-Otero R, Santiago MF. Distribution of mesenchymal stem cells and effects on neuronal survival and axon regeneration after optic nerve crush and cell therapy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110722. [PMID: 25347773 PMCID: PMC4210195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived cells have been used in different animal models of neurological diseases. We investigated the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) injected into the vitreous body in a model of optic nerve injury. Adult (3–5 months old) Lister Hooded rats underwent unilateral optic nerve crush followed by injection of MSC or the vehicle into the vitreous body. Before they were injected, MSC were labeled with a fluorescent dye or with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, which allowed us to track the cells in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging. Sixteen and 28 days after injury, the survival of retinal ganglion cells was evaluated by assessing the number of Tuj1- or Brn3a-positive cells in flat-mounted retinas, and optic nerve regeneration was investigated after anterograde labeling of the optic axons with cholera toxin B conjugated to Alexa 488. Transplanted MSC remained in the vitreous body and were found in the eye for several weeks. Cell therapy significantly increased the number of Tuj1- and Brn3a-positive cells in the retina and the number of axons distal to the crush site at 16 and 28 days after optic nerve crush, although the RGC number decreased over time. MSC therapy was associated with an increase in the FGF-2 expression in the retinal ganglion cells layer, suggesting a beneficial outcome mediated by trophic factors. Interleukin-1β expression was also increased by MSC transplantation. In summary, MSC protected RGC and stimulated axon regeneration after optic nerve crush. The long period when the transplanted cells remained in the eye may account for the effect observed. However, further studies are needed to overcome eventually undesirable consequences of MSC transplantation and to potentiate the beneficial ones in order to sustain the neuroprotective effect overtime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Alessandra Mesentier-Louro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, INBEB, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Zaverucha-do-Valle
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, INBEB, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Almir Jordão da Silva-Junior
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, INBEB, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Nascimento-dos-Santos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, INBEB, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gubert
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, INBEB, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Padilha de Figueirêdo
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, INBEB, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Torres
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, INBEB, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno D. Paredes
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, INBEB, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Teixeira
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tovar-Moll
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosalia Mendez-Otero
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, INBEB, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F. Santiago
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, INBEB, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Sustained effect of bone marrow mononuclear cell therapy in axonal regeneration in a model of optic nerve crush. Brain Res 2014; 1587:54-68. [PMID: 25204691 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In adult mammals, the regeneration of the optic nerve is very limited and at the moment there are several groups trying different approaches to increase retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and axonal outgrowth. One promising approach is cell therapy. In previous work, we performed intravitreal transplantation of bone-marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) after optic nerve crush in adult rats and we demonstrated an increase in RGC survival and axon outgrowth 14 days after injury. In the present work, we investigated if these results could be sustained for a longer period of time. Optic nerve crush was performed in Lister-hooded adult rats and BMMC or saline injections were performed shortly after injury. Neuronal survival and regeneration were evaluated in rats׳ retina and optic nerve after 28 days. We demonstrated an increase of 5.2 fold in the axon outgrowth 28 days after lesion, but the BMMCs had no effect on RGC survival. In an attempt to prolong RGC survival, we established a new protocol with two BMMC injections, the second one 7 days after the injury. Untreated animals received two injections of saline. We observed that although the axonal outgrowth was still increased after the second BMMC injection, the RGC survival was not significantly different from untreated animals. These results demonstrate that BMMCs transplantation promotes neuroregeneration at least until 28 days after injury. However, the effects on RGC survival previously observed by us at 14 days were not sustained at 28 days and could not be prolonged with a second dose of BMMC.
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Ramos AB, Vasconcelos-Dos-Santos A, Lopes de Souza SA, Rosado-de-Castro PH, Barbosa da Fonseca LM, Gutfilen B, Cintra WM, Mendez-Otero R. Bone-marrow mononuclear cells reduce neurodegeneration in hippocampal CA1 layer after transient global ischemia in rats. Brain Res 2013; 1522:1-11. [PMID: 23721927 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Global cerebral ischemia (GCI) results in death of the pyramidal neurons in the CA1 layer of the hippocampus. In this study we used the four-vessel occlusion (4VO) model of GCI to investigate a potential neuroprotective role of bone-marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) transplantation. BMMCs (3×10(7)) were injected through the carotid artery, 1 or 3 days after ischemia (DAI), and the number of cells undergoing degeneration was investigated in brains at 7 DAI. A significant decrease in the number of dying cells was observed in the treated group, compared to animals treated with saline. Biodistribution of the injected cells (1 or 3 DAI) was investigated by (99m)Technetium labeling of the BMMCs and subsequent image analysis 2h after transplantation. In addition, the presence of CellTrace(™)-labeled BMMCs was investigated in tissue sections of the hippocampal area of these transplanted animals. BMMCs treatment significantly reduced the number of FJ-C positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 layer at 7 DAI. We also observed a decrease in the number of activated microglia/macrophage (ED1-positive cells) in the BMMCs-treated group compared with the untreated group. Our data show that BMMCs are able to modulate the microglial response and reduce neurodegeneration in the CA1 layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alane Bernardo Ramos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Gao H, Zhang HL, Shou J, Chen L, Shen Y, Tang Q, Huang J, Zhu J. Towards retinal ganglion cell regeneration. Regen Med 2013; 7:865-75. [PMID: 23164085 DOI: 10.2217/rme.12.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic optic nerve injury and glaucoma are among the leading causes of incurable vision loss across the world. What is worse, neither pharmacological nor surgical interventions are significantly effective in reversing or halting the progression of vision loss. Advances in cell biology offer some hope for the victims of optic nerve damage and subsequent partial or complete visual loss. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) travel through the optic nerve and carry all visual signals to the brain. After injury, RGC axons usually fail to regrow and die, leading to irreversible loss of vision. Various kinds of cells and factors possess the ability to support the process of axon regeneration for RGCs. This article summarizes the latest advances in RGC regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Hertz J, Qu B, Hu Y, Patel RD, Valenzuela DA, Goldberg JL. Survival and integration of developing and progenitor-derived retinal ganglion cells following transplantation. Cell Transplant 2013; 23:855-72. [PMID: 23636049 DOI: 10.3727/096368913x667024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable interest in transplanting stem cells or progenitors into the injured nervous system and enhancing their differentiation into mature, integrated, functional neurons. Little is known, however, about what intrinsic or extrinsic signals control the integration of differentiated neurons, either during development or in the adult. Here we ask whether purified, postmitotic, differentiated retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) directly isolated from rat retina or derived from in vitro-differentiated retinal progenitor cells can survive, migrate, extend neurites, and form morphologic synapses in a host retina, in vivo and ex vivo. We found that acutely purified primary and in vitro-differentiated RGCs survive transplantation and migrate into deeper retinal layers, including into their normal environment, the ganglion cell layer (GCL). Transplanted RGCs from a wide range of developmental ages, but not from adults, were capable of extending lengthy neurites in the normal and injured adult rat retina ex vivo and to a lesser degree after transplantation in vivo. We have also demonstrated that RGCs may be differentiated and purified from retinal precursor cultures and that they share many of the same cell biological properties as primary RGCs. We have established that progenitor-derived RGCs have similar capacity for integration as developing primary RGCs but appear to form a lower number of presynaptic punctae. This work provides insight for further understanding of the integration of developing RGCs into their normal environment and following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hertz
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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42
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Gubert F, Zaverucha-do-Valle C, Figueiredo FR, Bargas-Rega M, Paredes BD, Mencalha AL, Abdelhay E, Gutfilen B, Barbosa da Fonseca LM, Mendez-Otero R, Santiago MF. Bone-marrow cell therapy induces differentiation of radial glia-like cells and rescues the number of oligodendrocyte progenitors in the subventricular zone after global cerebral ischemia. Stem Cell Res 2013; 10:241-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Ding Y, Yan Q, Ruan JW, Zhang YQ, Li WJ, Zeng X, Huang SF, Zhang YJ, Wu JL, Fisher D, Dong H, Zeng YS. Electroacupuncture Promotes the Differentiation of Transplanted Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing TrkC into Neuron-Like Cells in Transected Spinal Cord of Rats. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:65-86. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x655037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study indicated that electroacupuncture (EA) could increase neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) levels in the injured spinal cord, stimulate the differentiation of transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and improve functional recovery in the injured spinal cord of rats. However, the number of neuron-like cells derived from the MSCs is limited. It is known that NT-3 promotes the survival and differentiation of neurons by preferentially binding to its receptor TrkC. In this study, we attempted to transplant TrkC gene-modified MSCs (TrkC-MSCs) into the spinal cord with transection to investigate whether EA treatment could promote NT-3 secretion in the injured spinal cord and to determine whether increased NT-3 could further enhance transplanted MSCs overexpressing TrkC to differentiate into neuron-like cells, resulting in increased axonal regeneration and functional improvement in the injured spinal cord. Our results showed that EA increased NT-3 levels; furthermore, it promoted neuron-phenotype differentiation, synaptogenesis, and myelin formation of transplanted TrkC-MSCs. In addition, TrkC-MSC transplantation combined with EA (the TrkC-MSCs + EA group) treatment promoted the growth of the descending BDA-labeled corticospinal tracts (CSTs) and 5-HT-positive axonal regeneration across the lesion site into the caudal cord. In addition, the conduction of cortical motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and hindlimb locomotor function increased as compared to controls (treated with the LacZ-MSCs, TrkC-MSCs, and LacZ-MSCs + EA groups). In the TrkC-MSCs + EA group, the injured spinal cord also showed upregulated expression of the proneurogenic factors laminin and GAP-43 and downregulated GFAP and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), major inhibitors of axonal growth. Together, our data suggest that TrkC-MSC transplantation combined with EA treatment spinal cord injury not only increased MSC survival and differentiation into neuron-like cells but also promoted CST regeneration across injured sites to the caudal cord and functional improvement, perhaps due to increase of NT-3 levels, upregulation of laminin and GAP-43, and downregulation of GFAP and CSPG proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ding
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Wen Ruan
- Department of Acupuncture of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Qing Zhang
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jie Li
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Fan Huang
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Zhang
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Lang Wu
- Department of Electron Microscope, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danny Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hongxin Dong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuan-Shan Zeng
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Spinal Cord Injury, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Moraes L, Vasconcelos-dos-Santos A, Santana FC, Godoy MA, Rosado-de-Castro PH, Jasmin, Azevedo-Pereira RL, Cintra WM, Gasparetto EL, Santiago MF, Mendez-Otero R. Neuroprotective effects and magnetic resonance imaging of mesenchymal stem cells labeled with SPION in a rat model of Huntington's disease. Stem Cell Res 2012; 9:143-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Ribeiro-Resende VT, Carrier-Ruiz A, Lemes RMR, Reis RAM, Mendez-Otero R. Bone marrow-derived fibroblast growth factor-2 induces glial cell proliferation in the regenerating peripheral nervous system. Mol Neurodegener 2012; 7:34. [PMID: 22793996 PMCID: PMC3503565 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-7-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Among the essential biological roles of bone marrow-derived cells, secretion of many soluble factors is included and these small molecules can act upon specific receptors present in many tissues including the nervous system. Some of the released molecules can induce proliferation of Schwann cells (SC), satellite cells and lumbar spinal cord astrocytes during early steps of regeneration in a rat model of sciatic nerve transection. These are the major glial cell types that support neuronal survival and axonal growth following peripheral nerve injury. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is the main mitogenic factor for SCs and is released in large amounts by bone marrow-derived cells, as well as by growing axons and endoneurial fibroblasts during development and regeneration of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Results Here we show that bone marrow-derived cell treatment induce an increase in the expression of FGF-2 in the sciatic nerve, dorsal root ganglia and the dorsolateral (DL) region of the lumbar spinal cord (LSC) in a model of sciatic nerve transection and connection into a hollow tube. SCs in culture in the presence of bone marrow derived conditioned media (CM) resulted in increased proliferation and migration. This effect was reduced when FGF-2 was neutralized by pretreating BMMC or CM with a specific antibody. The increased expression of FGF-2 was validated by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry in co-cultures of bone marrow derived cells with sciatic nerve explants and regenerating nerve tissue respectivelly. Conclusion We conclude that FGF-2 secreted by BMMC strongly increases early glial proliferation, which can potentially improve PNS regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tulio Ribeiro-Resende
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Terapia Celular e Bioengenharia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bl, G, Cidade Universitária, 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Abstract
Brain and spinal cord traumas include blunt and penetrating trauma, disease, and required surgery. Such traumas trigger events such as inflammation, infiltration of inflammatory and other cells, oxidative stress, acidification, excitotoxicity, ischemia, and the loss of calcium homeostasis, all of which cause neurotoxicity and neuron death. To prevent trauma-induced neurological deficits and death, each of the many neurotoxic events that occur in parallel or sequentially must be minimized or prevented. Although neuroprotective techniques have been developed that block single neurotoxic events, most provide only limited neuroprotection and are only applied singly. However, because many neurotoxicity triggers arise from common events, an approach for invoking more effective neuroprotection is to apply multiple neuroprotective methods simultaneously before the many neurotoxic triggers and cascades are initiated and become irreversible. This paper first discusses some triggers of neurotoxicity and neuroprotective mechanisms that block them, including hypothermia, alkalinization, and the administration of adenosine. It then examines how the simultaneous application of these techniques provides significantly greater neuroprotection than is provided by any technique alone. The paper also stresses the importance of determining whether the neuroprotection provided by these techniques can be further enhanced by combining them with additional techniques, such as the systemic administration of glucocorticoids. Finally, the paper stresses the absolute critical importance of applying these techniques within the "golden hour" following trauma, before the many neurotoxic events and cascades are manifest and before the neurotoxic cascades become irreversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien P Kuffler
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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West EL, Pearson RA, Duran Y, Gonzalez-Cordero A, MacLaren RE, Smith AJ, Sowden JC, Ali RR. Manipulation of the recipient retinal environment by ectopic expression of neurotrophic growth factors can improve transplanted photoreceptor integration and survival. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:871-87. [PMID: 22325046 DOI: 10.3727/096368911x623871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of the neural retina is the leading cause of untreatable blindness in the developed world. Stem cell replacement therapy offers a novel strategy for retinal repair. Postmitotic photoreceptor precursors derived from the early postnatal (P) retina are able to migrate and integrate into the adult mouse retina following transplantation into the subretinal space, but it is likely that a large number of these cells would be required to restore vision. The adult recipient retina presents a very different environment to that from which photoreceptor precursor donor cells isolated from the developing postnatal retina are derived. Here we considered the possibility that modulation of the recipient environment by ectopic expression of developmentally regulated growth factors, normally present during photoreceptor development, might enhance the migration and integration of transplanted cells into the adult neural retina. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors were used to introduce three growth factors previously reported to play a role in photoreceptor development, IGF1, FGF2, and CNTF, into the adult retina, prior to transplantation of P4 cells derived from the Nrl.GFP(+ve) neural retina. At 3 weeks posttransplantation the number of integrated, differentiated photoreceptor cells present in AAV-mediated neurotrophic factor-treated eyes was assessed and compared to control treated contralateral eyes. We show, firstly, that it is possible to manipulate the recipient retinal microenvironment via rAAV-mediated gene transfer with respect to these developmentally relevant growth factors. Moreover, when combined with cell transplantation, AAV-mediated expression of IGF1 led to significantly increased levels of cell integration, while overexpression of FGF2 had no significant effect on integrated cell number. Conversely, expression of CNTF led to a significant decrease in cell integration and an exacerbated glial response that led to glial scarring. Together, these findings demonstrate the importance of the extrinsic environment of the recipient retina for photoreceptor cell transplantation and show for the first time that it is possible to manipulate this environment using viral vectors to influence photoreceptor transplantation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L West
- Department of Genetics, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
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Goldenberg-Cohen N, Avraham-Lubin BCR, Sadikov T, Goldstein RS, Askenasy N. Primitive stem cells derived from bone marrow express glial and neuronal markers and support revascularization in injured retina exposed to ischemic and mechanical damage. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 21:1488-500. [PMID: 21905921 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic or mechanical injury to the optic nerve is an irreversible cause of vision loss, associated with limited regeneration and poor response to neuroprotective agents. The aim of this study was to assess the capacity of adult bone marrow cells to participate in retinal regeneration following the induction of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) and optic nerve crush (ONC) in a rodent model. The small-sized subset of cells isolated by elutriation and lineage depletion (Fr25lin(-)) was found to be negative for the neuroglial markers nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Syngeneic donor cells, identified by genomic marker in sex-mismatched transplants and green fluorescent protein, incorporated into the injured retina (AION and ONC) at a frequency of 0.35%-0.45% after intravenous infusion and 1.8%-2% after intravitreous implantation. Perivascular cells with astrocytic morphology expressing GFAP and vimentin were of the predominant lineage that engrafted after AION injury; 10%-18% of the donor cells incorporated in the retinal ganglion cell layer and expressed NeuN, Thy-1, neurofilament, and beta-tubulin III. The Fr25lin(-) cells displayed an excellent capacity to migrate to sites of tissue disruption and developed coordinated site-specific morphological and phenotypic neural and glial markers. In addition to cellular reconstitution of the injured retinal layers, these cells contributed to endothelial revascularization and apparently supported remodeling by secretion of insulin-like growth factor-1. These results suggest that elutriated autologous adult bone marrow-derived stem cells may serve as an accessible source for cellular reconstitution of the retina following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitza Goldenberg-Cohen
- Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.
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