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Choi D, Gonzalez‐Suarez AM, Dumbrava MG, Medlyn M, de Hoyos‐Vega JM, Cichocki F, Miller JS, Ding L, Zhu M, Stybayeva G, Gaspar‐Maia A, Billadeau DD, Ma WW, Revzin A. Microfluidic Organoid Cultures Derived from Pancreatic Cancer Biopsies for Personalized Testing of Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303088. [PMID: 38018486 PMCID: PMC10837378 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived cancer organoids (PDOs) hold considerable promise for personalizing therapy selection and improving patient outcomes. However, it is challenging to generate PDOs in sufficient numbers to test therapies in standard culture platforms. This challenge is particularly acute for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) where most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage with non-resectable tumors and where patient tissue is in the form of needle biopsies. Here the development and characterization of microfluidic devices for testing therapies using a limited amount of tissue or PDOs available from PDAC biopsies is described. It is demonstrated that microfluidic PDOs are phenotypically and genotypically similar to the gold-standard Matrigel organoids with the advantages of 1) spheroid uniformity, 2) minimal cell number requirement, and 3) not relying on Matrigel. The utility of microfluidic PDOs is proven by testing PDO responses to several chemotherapies, including an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase (GSKI). In addition, microfluidic organoid cultures are used to test effectiveness of immunotherapy comprised of NK cells in combination with a novel biologic. In summary, our microfluidic device offers considerable benefits for personalizing oncology based on cancer biopsies and may, in the future, be developed into a companion diagnostic for chemotherapy or immunotherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daheui Choi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA
| | | | - Mihai G. Dumbrava
- Division of Experimental PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA
- Center for Individualized MedicineEpigenomics programMayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA
| | - Michael Medlyn
- Division of Oncology ResearchCollege of MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA
| | | | - Frank Cichocki
- Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | | | - Li Ding
- Division of Oncology ResearchCollege of MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA
| | - Mojun Zhu
- Division of Medical OncologyMayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA
| | - Gulnaz Stybayeva
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA
| | - Alexandre Gaspar‐Maia
- Division of Experimental PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA
- Center for Individualized MedicineEpigenomics programMayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA
| | - Daniel D. Billadeau
- Division of Oncology ResearchCollege of MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA
| | - Wen Wee Ma
- Division of Medical OncologyMayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA
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2
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Kurawaka M, Sasaki N, Yamazaki Y, Shimura F. Near-Physiological Concentrations of Extracellular Pyruvate Stimulated Glucose Utilization along with Triglyceride Accumulation and Mitochondrial Activity in HepG2 Cells. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2023; 69:314-325. [PMID: 37940572 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.69.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate, a key intermediate in energy and nutrient metabolism, probably plays important roles in these regulations. In previous reports using cell lines, extracellular pyruvate of supraphysiological concentrations inhibited the glucose uptake by myotubes while being stimulated by adipocytes. As the effect of pyruvate on the glucose utilization is unclear in cultured hepatocytes. We have investigated the effects of extracellular pyruvate on the glucose utilization and the subsequent metabolic changes using the cell line HepG2. In a 24 h culture, pyruvate enhanced the glucose consumption more potently than 1 μM insulin, and this enhancement was detectable at a near-physiological concentrations of ≤1 mM. For metabolic changes following glucose consumption, the conversion ratio of glucose and pyruvate to extracellular lactate was approximately 1.0 without extracellular pyruvate. The addition of pyruvate decreased the conversion ratio to approximately 0.7, indicating that the glycolytic reaction switched from being an anaerobic to a partially aerobic feature. Consistent with this finding, pyruvate increased the accumulation of intracellular triglycerides which are produced through substrate supply from the mitochondria. Furthermore, pyruvate stimulated mitochondria activity as evidenced by increases in ATP content, mitochondrial DNA copy number, enhanced mitochondria-specific functional imaging and oxygen consumption. Interestingly, 1 mM pyruvate increased oxygen consumption immediately after addition. In this study, we found that near-physiological concentrations of extracellular pyruvate exerted various changes in metabolic events, including glucose influx, lactate conversion rations, TG accumulation, and mitochondrial activity in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Kurawaka
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Sciences, Jumonji University Graduate School
| | - Naho Sasaki
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University
| | - Yuko Yamazaki
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University
| | - Fumio Shimura
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Sciences, Jumonji University Graduate School
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Hamon M, Cheng HM, Johnson M, Yanagawa N, Hauser PV. Effect of Hypoxia on Branching Characteristics and Cell Subpopulations during Kidney Organ Culture. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120801. [PMID: 36551007 PMCID: PMC9774677 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During early developmental stages, embryonic kidneys are not fully vascularized and are potentially exposed to hypoxic conditions, which is known to influence cell proliferation and survival, ureteric bud branching, and vascularization of the developing kidney. To optimize the culture conditions of in vitro cultured kidneys and gain further insight into the effect of hypoxia on kidney development, we exposed mouse embryonic kidneys isolated at E11.5, E12.5, and E13.5 to hypoxic and normal culture conditions and compared ureteric bud branching patterns, the growth of the progenitor subpopulation hoxb7+, and the expression patterns of progenitor and differentiation markers. Branching patterns were quantified using whole organ confocal imaging and gradient-vector-based analysis. In our model, hypoxia causes an earlier expression of UB tip cell markers, and a delay in stalk cell marker gene expression. The metanephric mesenchyme (MM) exhibited a later expression of differentiation marker FGF8, marking a delay in nephron formation. Hypoxia further delayed the expression of stroma cell progenitor markers, a delay in cortical differentiation markers, as well as an earlier expression of medullary and ureteral differentiation markers. We conclude that standard conditions do not apply universally and that tissue engineering strategies need to optimize suitable culture conditions for each application. We also conclude that adapting culture conditions to specific aspects of organ development in tissue engineering can help to improve individual stages of tissue generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Hamon
- Medical and Research Services, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System at Sepulveda, North Hills, CA 91344, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (P.V.H.)
| | - Hsiao-Min Cheng
- Medical and Research Services, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System at Sepulveda, North Hills, CA 91344, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ming Johnson
- Medical and Research Services, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System at Sepulveda, North Hills, CA 91344, USA
| | - Norimoto Yanagawa
- Medical and Research Services, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System at Sepulveda, North Hills, CA 91344, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peter V. Hauser
- Medical and Research Services, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System at Sepulveda, North Hills, CA 91344, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (P.V.H.)
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Computational Modeling and Imaging of the Intracellular Oxygen Gradient. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012597. [PMID: 36293452 PMCID: PMC9604273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational modeling can provide a mechanistic and quantitative framework for describing intracellular spatial heterogeneity of solutes such as oxygen partial pressure (pO2). This study develops and evaluates a finite-element model of oxygen-consuming mitochondrial bioenergetics using the COMSOL Multiphysics program. The model derives steady-state oxygen (O2) distributions from Fickian diffusion and Michaelis–Menten consumption kinetics in the mitochondria and cytoplasm. Intrinsic model parameters such as diffusivity and maximum consumption rate were estimated from previously published values for isolated and intact mitochondria. The model was compared with experimental data collected for the intracellular and mitochondrial pO2 levels in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) in different respiratory states and under different levels of imposed pO2. Experimental pO2 gradients were measured using lifetime imaging of a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based O2 sensor, Myoglobin-mCherry, which offers in situ real-time and noninvasive measurements of subcellular pO2 in living cells. On the basis of these results, the model qualitatively predicted (1) the integrated experimental data from mitochondria under diverse experimental conditions, and (2) the impact of changes in one or more mitochondrial processes on overall bioenergetics.
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Khadim RR, Vadivelu RK, Utami T, Torizal FG, Nishikawa M, Sakai Y. Integrating Oxygen and 3D Cell Culture System: A Simple Tool to Elucidate the Cell Fate Decision of hiPSCs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137272. [PMID: 35806277 PMCID: PMC9266965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen, as an external environmental factor, plays a role in the early differentiation of human stem cells, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). However, the effect of oxygen concentration on the early-stage differentiation of hiPSC is not fully understood, especially in 3D aggregate cultures. In this study, we cultivated the 3D aggregation of hiPSCs on oxygen-permeable microwells under different oxygen concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 20% and found that the aggregates became larger, corresponding to the increase in oxygen level. In a low oxygen environment, the glycolytic pathway was more profound, and the differentiation markers of the three germ layers were upregulated, suggesting that the oxygen concentration can function as a regulator of differentiation during the early stage of development. In conclusion, culturing stem cells on oxygen-permeable microwells may serve as a platform to investigate the effect of oxygen concentration on diverse cell fate decisions during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Rahaman Khadim
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (T.U.); (F.G.T.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.R.K.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Raja Kumar Vadivelu
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan;
- Human Biomimetic System, RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
- Correspondence: (R.R.K.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Tia Utami
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (T.U.); (F.G.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Fuad Gandhi Torizal
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (T.U.); (F.G.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan;
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (T.U.); (F.G.T.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan;
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Functional changes of cocultured hepatocyte sheets subjected to continuous liver regeneration stimulation in cDNA-uPA/SCID mouse: Differences in transplantation sites. Regen Ther 2021; 18:7-11. [PMID: 33816721 PMCID: PMC8010356 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The formation of a secondary liver is expected in ectopic transplants in liver therapy. It is reported that the transplantation of hepatocyte sheets constitutes one of the techniques used to form a secondary liver. Accordingly, we established a subcutaneous transplant for hepatocyte/fibroblast sheets in previous studies. In this development study with hepatocyte/fibroblast sheets, we evaluated the differences in transplantation sites to promote the maturation of transplanted tissue in a liver injury model. Methods A cocultured hepatocyte sheet of fibroblasts (TIG-118 cells) and human hepatocytes (PXB cells) was prepared on a temperature-responsive culture dish. The prepared cocultured hepatocyte sheet was either transplanted subcutaneously or on the liver surface of a persistent liver injury model (cDNA-uPA/SCID mouse: uPA mouse), and was evaluated by the human albumin concentration in mouse blood. As a control group, hepatocyte cell sheets were used that were transplanted to both areas and compared. Results Although the cocultured hepatocyte sheet led to functional improvements in the early stages of culture in subcutaneous transplantation, these did not last in the long-term after transplantation. Although coculture effects were not observed in the liver surface transplantation case, long-term functional expressions in mono- and cocultured sheets in the case of liver surface transplantation were exhibited compared with subcutaneous administration. Conclusion These results suggest that sustained stimulation of liver regenerationvaries depending on the transplant site and is largely involved in the maturation of hepatocyte tissue.
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Rizki-Safitri A, Shinohara M, Tanaka M, Sakai Y. Tubular bile duct structure mimicking bile duct morphogenesis for prospective in vitro liver metabolite recovery. J Biol Eng 2020; 14:11. [PMID: 32206088 PMCID: PMC7081557 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-020-0230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver metabolites are used to diagnose disease and examine drugs in clinical pharmacokinetics. Therefore, development of an in vitro assay system that reproduces liver metabolite recovery would provide important benefits to pharmaceutical research. However, liver models have proven challenging to develop because of the lack of an appropriate bile duct structure for the accumulation and transport of metabolites from the liver parenchyma. Currently available bile duct models, such as the bile duct cyst-embedded extracellular matrix (ECM), lack any morphological resemblance to the tubular morphology of the living bile duct. Moreover, these systems cannot overcome metabolite recovery issues because they are established in isolated culture systems. Here, we successfully established a non-continuous tubular bile duct structure model in an open-culture system, which closely resembled an in vivo structure. This system was utilized to effectively collect liver metabolites separately from liver parenchymal cells. Results Triple-cell co-culture of primary rat hepatoblasts, rat biliary epithelial cells, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts was grown to mimic the morphogenesis of the bile duct during liver development. Overlaying the cells with ECM containing a Matrigel and collagen type I gel mixture promoted the development of a tubular bile duct structure. In this culture system, the expression of specific markers and signaling molecules related to biliary epithelial cell differentiation was highly upregulated during the ductal formation process. This bile duct structure also enabled the separate accumulation of metabolite analogs from liver parenchymal cells. Conclusions A morphogenesis-based culture system effectively establishes an advanced bile duct structure and improves the plasticity of liver models feasible for autologous in vitro metabolite-bile collection, which may enhance the performance of high-throughput liver models in cell-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astia Rizki-Safitri
- 1Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,2Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems (CIBiS), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marie Shinohara
- 2Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems (CIBiS), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,3Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- 4Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (IQB), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,5Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- 1Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,2Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems (CIBiS), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,3Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,6Max Planck-The University of Tokyo, Center for Integrative Inflammology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Tsuyukubo A, Sumaru K, Kanamori T. Photolithographic Fabrication of Semi 3-D Microstructures Composed of Flexible Hydrogel Sheet for in Vivo-like Cell Culture System. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:4129-4133. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tsuyukubo
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery (BRD), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central fifth, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kimio Sumaru
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery (BRD), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central fifth, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kanamori
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery (BRD), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central fifth, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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Metabolome Analysis Reveals Dermal Histamine Accumulation in Murine Dermatitis Provoked by Genetic Deletion of P-Glycoprotein and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein. Pharm Res 2019; 36:158. [PMID: 31512001 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2695-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) are xenobiotic transporters which pump out variety types of compounds, but information on their interaction with endogenous substrates in the skin is limited. The purpose of the present study was to clarify possible association of these transporters in dermal accumulation of inflammatory mediators. METHODS Dermatitis model was constructed by repeated topical application of oxazolone in wild-type, and P-gp and BCRP gene triple knockout (Mdr1a/1b/Bcrp-/-) mice to observe difference in phenotype. Target metabolome analysis of 583 metabolites was performed using skin and plasma. RESULTS Dermatitis and scratching behavior in dermatitis model of Mdr1a/1b/Bcrp-/- mice were more severe than wild-type mice, suggesting protective roles of these transporters. This hypothesis was supported by the metabolome analysis which revealed that concentration of histamine and other dermatitis-associated metabolites like urate and serotonin in the dermatitis skin, but not normal skin, of Mdr1a/1b/Bcrp-/- mice was higher than that of wild-type mice. Gene expression of P-gp and BCRP was reduced in oxazolone-treated skin and the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest possible association of these efflux transporters with dermal inflammatory mediators, and such association could be observed in the dermatitis skin.
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Mihara H, Kugawa M, Sayo K, Tao F, Shinohara M, Nishikawa M, Sakai Y, Akama T, Kojima N. Improved Oxygen Supply to Multicellular Spheroids Using A Gas-permeable Plate and Embedded Hydrogel Beads. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060525. [PMID: 31159231 PMCID: PMC6627619 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Culture systems for three-dimensional tissues, such as multicellular spheroids, are indispensable for high-throughput screening of primary or patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-expanded cancer tissues. Oxygen supply to the center of such spheroids is particularly critical for maintaining cellular functions as well as avoiding the development of a necrotic core. In this study, we evaluated two methods to enhance oxygen supply: (1) using a culture plate with a gas-permeable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane on the bottom, and; (2) embedding hydrogel beads in the spheroids. Culturing spheroids on PDMS increased cell growth and affected glucose/lactate metabolism and CYP3A4 mRNA expression and subsequent enzyme activity. The spheroids, comprised of 5000 Hep G2 cells and 5000 20 µm-diameter hydrogel beads, did not develop a necrotic core for nine days when cultured on a gas-permeable sheet. In contrast, central necrosis in spheroids lacking hydrogel beads was observed after day 3 of culture, even when using PDMS. These results indicate that the combination of gas-permeable culture equipment and embedded hydrogel beads improves culture 3D spheroids produced from primary or PDX-expanded tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Mihara
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
| | - Mai Kugawa
- Faculty of Science, International College of Arts and Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
| | - Kanae Sayo
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
| | - Fumiya Tao
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
| | - Marie Shinohara
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Akama
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiko Kojima
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
- Faculty of Science, International College of Arts and Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
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Kimura K, Horiguchi I, Kido T, Miyajima A, Sakai Y. Enhanced Hepatic Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Gas-Permeable Membrane. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 25:457-467. [PMID: 30141379 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Although oxygen is a vital nutrient for the hepatocytes in vitro, few reports have focused on its effect during hepatic differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this report, we performed the hepatic differentiation of human iPSCs (hiPSCs) under different atmospheric oxygen concentrations and oxygen supply fluxes to investigate the effects of oxygen in terms of both the concentration and the supply flux. Results demonstrate that direct oxygenation through a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane enhances the maturation and efficient production of hiPSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells (iHeps). Thus, direct oxygenation through a PDMS membrane is a better alternative culture method over conventional tissue culture-treated polystyrene (TCPS) plates for the maturation of hiPSC-derived hepatocytes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Kimura
- 1 Department of Bioengineering and School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikki Horiguchi
- 2 Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketomo Kido
- 3 Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- 3 Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- 1 Department of Bioengineering and School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,2 Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,4 Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,5 Max Planck-The University of Tokyo, Center for Integrative Inflammology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Efficient functional cyst formation of biliary epithelial cells using microwells for potential bile duct organisation in vitro. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11086. [PMID: 30038407 PMCID: PMC6056467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing a bile duct in vitro is valuable to obtain relevant hepatic tissue culture systems for cell-based assays in chemical and drug metabolism analyses. The cyst constitutes the initial morphogenesis for bile duct formation from biliary epithelial cells (BECs) and serves the main building block of bile duct network morphogenesis from the ductal plate during embryogenesis in rodents. Cysts have been commonly cultured via Matrigel-embedded culture, which does not allow structural organisation and restricts the productivity and homogeneity of cysts. In this study, we propose a new method utilising oxygen permeable honeycomb microwells for efficient cyst establishment. Primary mouse BECs were seeded on four sizes of honeycomb microwell (46, 76, 126, and 326 µm-size in diameter). Matrigel in various concentrations was added to assist in cyst formation. The dimension accommodated by microwells was shown to play an important role in effective cyst formation. Cytological morphology, bile acid transportation, and gene expression of the cysts confirmed the favourable basic bile duct function compared to that obtained using Matrigel-embedded culture. Our method is expected to contribute to engineered in vitro liver tissue formation for cell-based assays.
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Kuddannaya S, Bao J, Zhang Y. Enhanced In Vitro Biocompatibility of Chemically Modified Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Surfaces for Stable Adhesion and Long-term Investigation of Brain Cerebral Cortex Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:25529-38. [PMID: 26506436 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the mammalian brain cerebral cortex have gained increasing importance due to the relevance of the region in controlling critical higher brain functions. Interactions between the cortical cells and surface extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins play a pivotal role in promoting stable cell adhesion, growth, and function. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) based platforms have been increasingly used for on-chip in vitro cellular system analysis. However, the inherent hydrophobicity of the PDMS surface has been unfavorable for any long-term cell system investigations due to transitory physical adsorption of ECM proteins on PDMS surfaces followed by eventual cell dislodgement due to poor anchorage and viability. To address this critical issue, we employed the (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) based cross-linking strategy to stabilize ECM protein immobilization on PDMS. The efficiency of surface modification in supporting adhesion and long-term viability of neuronal and glial cells was analyzed. The chemically modified surfaces showed a relatively higher cell survival with an increased neurite length and neurite branching. These changes were understood in terms of an increase in surface hydrophilicity, protein stability, and cell-ECM protein interactions. The modification strategy could be successfully applied for stable cortical cell culture on the PDMS microchip for up to 3 weeks in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas Kuddannaya
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, N3.2-02-65, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jingnan Bao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, N3.2-02-65, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yilei Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, N3.2-02-65, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Shinohara M, Kimura H, Montagne K, Komori K, Fujii T, Sakai Y. Combination of microwell structures and direct oxygenation enables efficient and size-regulated aggregate formation of an insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cell line. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 30:178-87. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kikuo Komori
- Institute of Industrial Science; University of Tokyo
| | - Teruo Fujii
- Institute of Industrial Science; University of Tokyo
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Katsuda T, Teratani T, Chowdhury MM, Ochiya T, Sakai Y. Hypoxia efficiently induces differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into endodermal and hepatic progenitor cells. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Tan GDS, Toh GW, Birgersson E, Robens J, van Noort D, Leo HL. A thin-walled polydimethylsiloxane bioreactor for high-density hepatocyte sandwich culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:1663-73. [PMID: 23280535 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In vitro drug testing requires long-term maintenance of hepatocyte liver specific functions. Hepatocytes cultured at a higher seeding density in a sandwich configuration exhibit an increased level of liver specific functions when compared to low density cultures due to the better cell to cell contacts that promote long term maintenance of polarity and liver specific functions. However, culturing hepatocytes at high seeding densities in a standard 24-well plate poses problems in terms of the mass transport of nutrients and oxygen to the cells. In view of this drawback, we have developed a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) bioreactor that was able to maintain the long-term liver specific functions of a hepatocyte sandwich culture at a high seeding density. The bioreactor was fabricated with PDMS, an oxygen permeable material, which allowed direct oxygenation and perfusion to take place simultaneously. The mass transport of oxygen and the level of shear stress acting on the cells were analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The combination of both direct oxygenation and perfusion has a synergistic effect on the liver specific function of a high density hepatocyte sandwich culture over a period of 9 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Dong Sean Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Bijonowski BM, Miller WM, Wertheim JA. Bioreactor design for perfusion-based, highly-vascularized organ regeneration. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2013; 2:32-40. [PMID: 23542907 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bioartificial or laboratory-grown organs is a growing field centered on developing replacement organs and tissues to restore body function and providing a potential solution to the shortage of donor organs for transplantation. With the entry of engineered planar tissues, such as bladder and trachea, into clinical studies, an increasing focus is being given to designing complex, three-dimensional solid organs. As tissues become larger, thicker and more complex, the vascular network becomes crucial for supplying nutrients and maintaining viability and growth of the neo-organ. Perfusion decellularization, the process of removing cells from an entire organ, leaves the matrix of the vascular network intact. Organ engineering requires a delicate process of decellularization, sterilization, reseeding with appropriate cells, and organ maturation and stimulation to ensure optimal development. The design of bioreactors to facilitate this sequence of events has been refined to the extent that some bioartificial organs grown in these systems have been transplanted into recipient animals with sustained, though limited, function. This review focuses on the state-of-art in bioreactor development for perfusion-based bioartificial organs and highlights specific design components in need of further refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent M Bijonowski
- Master of Biotechnology Program, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL ; Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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Komori K, Udagawa M, Shinohara M, Montagne K, Tsuru T, Sakai Y. Formation and harvesting of thick pancreatic β-cell sheets on a highly O2-permeable plate modified with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Biomater Sci 2013; 1:510-518. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm00123g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Sakai Y, Nishikawa M, Evenou F, Hamon M, Huang H, Montagne KP, Kojima N, Fujii T, Niino T. Engineering of implantable liver tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 826:189-216. [PMID: 22167650 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-468-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, from the engineering point of view, we introduce the results from our group and related research on three typical configurations of engineered liver tissues; cell sheet-based tissues, sheet-like macroporous scaffold-based tissues, and tissues based on special scaffolds that comprise a flow channel network. The former two do not necessitate in vitro prevascularization and are thus promising in actual human clinical trials for liver diseases that can be recovered by relatively smaller tissue mass. The third approach can implant a much larger mass but is still not yet feasible. In all cases, oxygen supply is the key engineering factor. For the first configuration, direct oxygen supply using an oxygen-permeable polydimethylsiloxane membrane enables various liver cells to exhibit distinct behaviors, complete double layers of mature hepatocytes and fibroblasts, spontaneous thick tissue formation of hepatocarcinoma cells and fetal hepatocytes. Actual oxygen concentration at the cell level can be strictly controlled in this culture system. Using this property, we found that initially low then subsequently high oxygen concentrations were favorable to growth and maturation of fetal cells. For the second configuration, combination of poly-L: -lactic acid 3D scaffolds and appropriate growth factor cocktails provides a suitable microenvironment for the maturation of cells in vitro but the cell growth is limited to a certain distance from the inner surfaces of the macropores. However, implantation to the mesentery leaves of animals allows the cells again to proliferate and pack the remaining spaces of the macroporous structure, suggesting the high feasibility of 3D culture of hepatocyte progenitors for liver tissue-based therapies. For the third configuration, we proposed a design criterion concerning the dimensions of flow channels based on oxygen diffusion and consumption around the channel. Due to the current limitation in the resolution of 3D microfabrication processes, final cell densities were less than one-tenth of those of in vivo liver tissues; cells preferentially grew along the surfaces of the channels and this fact suggested the necessity of improved 3D fabrication technologies with higher resolution. In any case, suitable oxygen supply, meeting the cellular demand at physiological concentrations, was the most important factor that should be considered in engineering liver tissues. This enables cells to utilize aerobic respiration that produces almost 20 times more ATP from the same glucose consumption than anaerobic respiration (glycolysis). This also allows the cells to exhibit their maximum reorganization capability that cannot be observed in conventional anaerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Sakai
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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