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Chatzianagnosti S, Dermitzakis I, Theotokis P, Kousta E, Mastorakos G, Manthou ME. Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Female Infertility Treatment: Protocols and Preliminary Results. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:1161. [PMID: 39337944 PMCID: PMC11433628 DOI: 10.3390/life14091161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a global phenomenon that impacts people of both the male and the female sex; it is related to multiple factors affecting an individual's overall systemic health. Recently, investigators have been using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for female-fertility-related disorders such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure (POF), endometriosis, preeclampsia, and Asherman syndrome (AS). Studies have shown promising results, indicating that MSCs can enhance ovarian function and restore fertility for affected individuals. Due to their regenerative effects and their participation in several paracrine pathways, MSCs can improve the fertility outcome. However, their beneficial effects are dependent on the methodologies and materials used from isolation to reimplantation. In this review, we provide an overview of the protocols and methods used in applications of MSCs. Moreover, we summarize the findings of published preclinical studies on infertility treatments and discuss the multiple properties of these studies, depending on the isolation source of the MSCs used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Chatzianagnosti
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Iasonas Dermitzakis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Kousta
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Eleni Manthou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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2
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Silva Couto P, Stibbs DJ, Rotondi MC, Khalife R, Wolf D, Takeuchi Y, Rafiq QA. Biological differences between adult and perinatal human mesenchymal stromal cells and their impact on the manufacturing processes. Cytotherapy 2024:S1465-3249(24)00728-X. [PMID: 38970611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The biological properties of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) have been explored in over a thousand clinical trials in the last decade. Although hMSCs can be isolated from multiple sources, the degree of biological similarity between cell populations from these sources remains to be determined. A comparative study was performed investigating the growth kinetics and functionality of hMSCs isolated from adipose tissue (AT), bone marrow (BM) and umbilical cord tissue (UCT) expanded in monolayer over five passages. Adult hMSCs (AT, BM) had a slower proliferation ability than the UCT-hMSCs, with no apparent differences in their glucose consumption profile. BM-hMSCs produced higher concentrations of endogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) compared to AT- and UCT-hMSCs. This study also revealed that UCT-hMSCs were more efficiently transduced by a lentiviral vector carrying a VEGF gene than their adult counterparts. Following cellular immunophenotypic characterization, no differences across the sources were found in the expression levels of the typical markers used to identify hMSCs. This work established a systematic approach for cell source selection depending on the hMSC's intended clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Silva Couto
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dale J Stibbs
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marco C Rotondi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rana Khalife
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Yasuhiro Takeuchi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; Biotherapeutics and Advanced Therapies, Scientific Research and Innovation, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, UK
| | - Qasim A Rafiq
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
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3
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Dos Santos NCD, Bruzadelle-Vieira P, de Cássia Noronha N, Mizukami-Martins A, Orellana MD, Bentley MVLB, Covas DT, Swiech K, Malmegrim KCR. Transitioning from static to suspension culture system for large-scale production of xeno-free extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3419. [PMID: 38247123 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown increasing therapeutic potential in the last years. However, large production of EV is required for therapeutic purposes. Thereby, scaling up MSC cultivation in bioreactors is essential to allow culture parameters monitoring. In this study, we reported the establishment of a scalable bioprocess to produce MSC-EV in suspension cultures using spinner flasks and human collagen-coated microcarriers (3D culture system). We compared the EV production in this 3D culture system with the standard static culture using T-flasks (2D culture system). The EV produced in both systems were characterized and quantify by western blotting and nanoparticle tracking analysis. The presence of the typical protein markers CD9, CD63, and CD81 was confirmed by western blotting analyses for EV produced in both culture systems. The cell fold-increase was 5.7-fold for the 3D culture system and 4.6-fold for the 2D culture system, signifying a fold-change of 1.2 (calculated as the ratio of fold-increase 3D to fold-increase 2D). Furthermore, it should be noted that the total cell production in the spinner flask cultures was 4.8 times higher than that in T-flask cultures. The total cell production in the spinner flask cultures was 5.2-fold higher than that in T-flask cultures. While the EV specific production (particles/cell) in T-flask cultures (4.40 ± 1.21 × 108 particles/mL, p < 0.05) was higher compared to spinner flask cultures (2.10 ± 0.04 × 108 particles/mL, p < 0.05), the spinner flask culture system offers scalability, making it capable of producing enough MSC-EV at a large scale for clinical applications. Therefore, we concluded that 3D culture system evaluated here serves as an efficient transitional platform that enables the scaling up of MSC-EV production for therapeutic purposes by utilizing stirred tank bioreactors and maintaining xeno-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Bruzadelle-Vieira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Nádia de Cássia Noronha
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Amanda Mizukami-Martins
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maristela Delgado Orellana
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Vitória L B Bentley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Kamilla Swiech
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Kelen Cristina Ribeiro Malmegrim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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4
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Duysens J, Graide H, Niesten A, Mouithys-Mickalad A, Ceusters J, Serteyn D. Optimization of the Amplification of Equine Muscle-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in a Hollow-Fiber Bioreactor. Methods Protoc 2024; 7:32. [PMID: 38668139 PMCID: PMC11054422 DOI: 10.3390/mps7020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The main causes of mortality in horses are the gastrointestinal pathologies associated with septic shock. Stem cells have shown, through systemic injection, a capacity to decrease inflammation and to regenerate injured tissue faster. Nevertheless, to achieve this rapid and total regeneration, systemic injections of 1 to 2 million cells per kilogram of body weight must be considered. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the feasibility and expansion capacity of equine muscle-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (mdMSCs) in a functionally closed, automated, perfusion-based, hollow-fiber bioreactor (HFBR) called the Quantum™ Cell Expansion System (Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies). This feature greatly increases the number of generated cells with a surface area of 1.7 m2. The expansion of mdMSCs is very efficient in this bioreactor. The maximum expansion generated twenty times more cells than the initial seeding in nine days. The best returns were observed with an optimal seeding between 10 and 25 million mdMSCs, using the Bull's eye loading method and with a run duration between 7 and 10 days. Moreover, all the generated cells kept their stem properties: the ability to adhere to plastic and to differentiate into chondroblasts, osteoblasts and adipocytes. They also showed the expression of CD-44 and CD-90 markers, with a positive rate above 93%, while CD-45 and MHCII were non-expressed, with a positive rate below 0.5%. By capitalizing on the scalability, automation and 3D culture capabilities of the Quantum™, it is possible to generate large quantities of high-quality equine mdMSCs for gastrointestinal disorders and other clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Duysens
- Revatis SA, Rue de la Science 8, 6900 Marche-En-Famenne, Belgium; (H.G.); (J.C.); (D.S.)
- Centre of Oxygen Research and Development (CORD), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (A.N.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Hélène Graide
- Revatis SA, Rue de la Science 8, 6900 Marche-En-Famenne, Belgium; (H.G.); (J.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Ariane Niesten
- Centre of Oxygen Research and Development (CORD), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (A.N.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Ange Mouithys-Mickalad
- Centre of Oxygen Research and Development (CORD), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (A.N.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Justine Ceusters
- Revatis SA, Rue de la Science 8, 6900 Marche-En-Famenne, Belgium; (H.G.); (J.C.); (D.S.)
- Centre of Oxygen Research and Development (CORD), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (A.N.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Didier Serteyn
- Revatis SA, Rue de la Science 8, 6900 Marche-En-Famenne, Belgium; (H.G.); (J.C.); (D.S.)
- Centre of Oxygen Research and Development (CORD), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (A.N.); (A.M.-M.)
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Hulme CH, Mennan C, McCarthy HS, Davies R, Lan T, Rix L, Perry J, Wright K. A comprehensive review of quantum bioreactor cell manufacture: Research and clinical applications. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:1017-1026. [PMID: 37162433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The Quantum cell expansion system manufactured by Terumo-BCT is perhaps the most widely reported Good Manufacturing Practice-compliant bioreactor used for the expansion of adherent cell populations, both for research purposes and clinical cell-based therapies/trials. Although the system was originally designed for adherent cell expansion, more recently suspension cultures and extracellular vesicle manufacturing protocols have been published using the Quantum system. Cell therapy research and regenerative medicine in general is a rapidly expanding field and as such it is likely that the use of this system will become even more widespread and perhaps mandatory, for both research and development and in the clinic. The purpose of this review is to describe, compare and discuss the diverse range of research and clinical applications currently using the Quantum system, which to our knowledge has not previously been reviewed. In addition, current and future challenges will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte H Hulme
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Gobowen, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Mennan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Gobowen, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Helen S McCarthy
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Gobowen, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Davies
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Gobowen, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Tian Lan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Gobowen, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Larissa Rix
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Gobowen, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jade Perry
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Gobowen, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Karina Wright
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Gobowen, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom.
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Hulme CH, Garcia JK, Mennan C, Perry J, Roberts S, Norris K, Baird D, Rix L, Banerjee R, Meyer C, Wright KT. The Upscale Manufacture of Chondrocytes for Allogeneic Cartilage Therapies. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2023; 29:424-437. [PMID: 37395490 PMCID: PMC10517319 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2023.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic chondrocyte therapies need to be developed to allow more individuals to be treated with a cell therapy for cartilage repair and to reduce the burden and cost of the current two-stage autologous procedures. Upscale manufacture of chondrocytes using a bioreactor could help provide an off-the-shelf allogeneic chondrocyte therapy with many doses being produced in a single manufacturing run. In this study, we assess a good manufacturing practice-compliant hollow-fiber bioreactor (Quantum®) for adult chondrocyte manufacture. Chondrocytes were isolated from knee arthroplasty-derived cartilage (n = 5) and expanded in media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) or 5% human platelet lysate (hPL) on tissue culture plastic (TCP) for a single passage. hPL-supplemented cultures were then expanded in the Quantum bioreactor for a further passage. Matched, parallel cultures in hPL or FBS were maintained on TCP. Chondrocytes from all culture conditions were characterized in terms of growth kinetics, morphology, immunoprofile, chondrogenic potential (chondrocyte pellet assays), and single telomere length analysis. Quantum expansion of chondrocytes resulted in 86.4 ± 38.5 × 106 cells in 8.4 ± 1.5 days, following seeding of 10.2 ± 3.6 × 106 cells. This related to 3.0 ± 1.0 population doublings in the Quantum bioreactor, compared with 2.1 ± 0.6 and 1.3 ± 1.0 on TCP in hPL- and FBS-supplemented media, respectively. Quantum- and TCP-expanded cultures retained equivalent chondropotency and mesenchymal stromal cell marker immunoprofiles, with only the integrin marker, CD49a, decreasing following Quantum expansion. Quantum-expanded chondrocytes demonstrated equivalent chondrogenic potential (as assessed by ability to form and maintain chondrogenic pellets) with matched hPL TCP populations. hPL manufacture, however, led to reduced chondrogenic potential and increased cell surface positivity of integrins CD49b, CD49c, and CD51/61 compared with FBS cultures. Quantum expansion of chondrocytes did not result in shortened 17p telomere length when compared with matched TCP cultures. This study demonstrates that large numbers of adult chondrocytes can be manufactured in the Quantum hollow-fiber bioreactor. This rapid, upscale expansion does not alter chondrocyte phenotype when compared with matched TCP expansion. Therefore, the Quantum provides an attractive method of manufacturing chondrocytes for clinical use. Media supplementation with hPL for chondrocyte expansion may, however, be unfavorable in terms of retaining chondrogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte H. Hulme
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - John K. Garcia
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Mennan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jade Perry
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Roberts
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Norris
- TeloNostiX Ltd, Central Biotechnology Services, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Baird
- TeloNostiX Ltd, Central Biotechnology Services, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Larissa Rix
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Banerjee
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Meyer
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Karina T. Wright
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
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Pan W, Chen H, Wang A, Wang F, Zhang X. Challenges and strategies: Scalable and efficient production of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes for cell-free therapy. Life Sci 2023; 319:121524. [PMID: 36828131 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles secreted by most cell types, and widely exist in cell supernatants and various body fluids. They can transmit numerous bioactive elements, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, to affect the gene expression and function of recipient cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been confirmed to be a potentially promising therapy for tissue repair and regeneration. Accumulating studies demonstrated that the predominant regenerative paradigm of MSCs transplantation was the paracrine effect but not the differentiation effect. Exosomes secreted by MSCs also showed similar therapeutic effects as their parent cells and were considered to be used for cell-free regenerative medicine. However, the inefficient and limited production has hampered their development for clinical translation. In this review, we summarize potential methods to efficiently promote the yield of exosomes. We mainly focus on engineering the process of exosome biogenesis and secretion, altering the cell culture conditions, cell expansion through 3D dynamic culture and the isolation of exosomes. In addition, we also discuss the application of MSCs-derived exosomes as therapeutics in disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No.324 Jingwuweiqi Road 324, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Aijun Wang
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, UC Davis Health Medical Center, 4625 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Xinke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Jankovic MG, Stojkovic M, Bojic S, Jovicic N, Kovacevic MM, Ivosevic Z, Juskovic A, Kovacevic V, Ljujic B. Scaling up human mesenchymal stem cell manufacturing using bioreactors for clinical uses. Curr Res Transl Med 2023; 71:103393. [PMID: 37163885 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2023.103393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are multipotent cells and an attractive therapeutic agent in regenerative medicine and intensive clinical research. Despite the great potential, the limitation that needs to be overcome is the necessity of ex vivo expansion because of insufficient number of hMSCs presented within adult organs and the high doses required for a transplantation. As a result, numerous research studies aim to provide novel expansion methods in order to achieve appropriate numbers of cells with preserved therapeutic quality. Bioreactor-based cell expansion provide high-level production of hMSCs in accordance with good manufacturing practice (GMP) and quality standards. This review summarizes current knowledge about the hMSCs manufacturing platforms with a main focus to the application of bioreactors for large-scale production of GMP-grade hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gazdic Jankovic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics, Serbia.
| | | | - Sanja Bojic
- Newcastle University, School of Computing, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nemanja Jovicic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Histology and Embryology, Serbia
| | - Marina Miletic Kovacevic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Histology and Embryology, Serbia
| | - Zeljko Ivosevic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Juskovic
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinical Centre of Montenegro, 81110 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Vojin Kovacevic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Serbia
| | - Biljana Ljujic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics, Serbia
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9
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Jakl V, Ehmele M, Winkelmann M, Ehrenberg S, Eiseler T, Friemert B, Rojewski MT, Schrezenmeier H. A novel approach for large-scale manufacturing of small extracellular vesicles from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells using a hollow fiber bioreactor. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1107055. [PMID: 36761296 PMCID: PMC9904364 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1107055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising therapeutic candidates in a variety of diseases due to having immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative properties. In recent years, MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have attracted increasing interest as a possible alternative to conventional cell therapy. However, translational processes of sEVs for clinical applications are still impeded by inconsistencies regarding isolation procedures and culture conditions. We systematically compared different methods for sEV isolation from conditioned media of ex vivo expanded bone marrow-derived MSCs and demonstrated considerable variability of quantity, purity, and characteristics of sEV preparations obtained by these methods. The combination of cross flow filtration with ultracentrifugation for sEV isolation resulted in sEVs with similar properties as compared to isolation by differential centrifugation combined with ultracentrifugation, the latter is still considered as gold standard for sEV isolation. In contrast, sEV isolation by a combination of precipitation with polyethylene glycol and ultracentrifugation as well as cross flow filtration and size exclusion chromatography resulted in sEVs with different characteristics, as shown by surface antigen expression patterns. The MSC culture requires a growth-promoting supplement, such as platelet lysate, which contains sEVs itself. We demonstrated that MSC culture with EV-depleted platelet lysate does not alter MSC characteristics, and conditioned media of such MSC cultures provide sEV preparations enriched for MSC-derived sEVs. The results from the systematic stepwise evaluation of various aspects were combined with culture of MSCs in a hollow fiber bioreactor. This resulted in a strategy using cross flow filtration with subsequent ultracentrifugation for sEV isolation. In conclusion, this workflow provides a semi-automated, efficient, large-scale-applicable, and good manufacturing practice (GMP)-grade approach for the generation of sEVs for clinical use. The use of EV-depleted platelet lysate is an option to further increase the purity of MSC-derived sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Jakl
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Ehmele
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessia and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martina Winkelmann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Ehrenberg
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim Eiseler
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benedikt Friemert
- Clinic for Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, Army Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Thomas Rojewski
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessia and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessia and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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10
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Wang B, Pang M, Song Y, Wang H, Qi P, Bai S, Lei X, Wei S, Zong Z, Lin S, Zhang X, Cen X, Wang X, Yang Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Xu H, Huang L, Tortorella M, Cheng B, Lee Y, Qin D, Li G. Human fetal mesenchymal stem cells secretome promotes scarless diabetic wound healing through heat-shock protein family. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10354. [PMID: 36684113 PMCID: PMC9842061 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rate of patients with diabetic foot ulcers is urging the appearance of an effective biomedical drug. Senescence is one of the major reasons of aging-induced decline in the diabetic wound. Our previous studies have demonstrated the anti-senescence effect of secretomes derived from human fetal mesenchymal stem cells (hfMSC). The present study tends to explore the potential role of hfMSC secretome (HFS) in wound healing through anti-aging. Meanwhile, we try to overcome several obstacles in the clinical application of stem cell secretome. A verticle bioreactor and microcarriers are employed to expand hfMSC and produce the HFS on a large scale. The HFS was then subjected to lyophilization (L-HFS). The PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles were used to encapsulate and protect L-HFS from degradation in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Results showed that HFS-PLGA significantly enhanced wound healing by promoting vascularization and inhibiting inflammation in the skin wound bed. We further analyzed the contents of HFS. Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (ITRAQ) and label-free methods were used to identify peptides in the secretome. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that exosome production-related singling pathways and heat-shock protein family could be used as bio-functional markers and quality control for stem cell secretome production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)‐Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL) Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
| | - Mengru Pang
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Yancheng Song
- Department of orthopedicsThe Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Haixing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Pan Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Shanshan Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Xiaoxuan Lei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/PathologyAmsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement ScienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Shikun Wei
- Department of Plastic SurgeryGeneral Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLAGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhixian Zong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Sien Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Xiaotong Cen
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)‐Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL) Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
| | - Xia Wang
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)‐Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL) Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
| | - Yongkang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Hongjie Xu
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)‐Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL) Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
| | - Lin Huang
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Micky Tortorella
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and HealthHong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of SciencesHong KongChina
| | - Biao Cheng
- Department of Plastic SurgeryGeneral Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLAGuangzhouChina
| | - Yukwai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Dajiang Qin
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)‐Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL) Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
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11
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Dadgar N, Altemus J, Li Y, Lightner AL. Effect of Crohn's disease mesenteric mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles on T-cell immunosuppressive capacity. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4924-4939. [PMID: 36047483 PMCID: PMC9549497 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal intestinal tract and has characteristic hypertrophic adipose changes observed in the mesentery. To better understand the role of the mesentery in the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease (CD), we evaluated the immunomodulatory potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from Crohn's patients. MSCs and EVs were isolated from the mesentery and subcutaneous tissues of CD patients and healthy individuals subcutaneous tissues, and were analysed for differentiation, cytokine expression, self‐renewal and proliferation. The varying capacity of these tissue‐derived MSCs and EVs to attenuate T‐cell activation was measured in in vitro and an in vivo murine model. RNA sequencing of inflamed Crohn's disease mesentery tissue revealed an enrichment of T‐cell activation compared to non‐inflamed subcutaneous tissue. MSCs and MSC‐derived EVs isolated from Crohn's mesentery lose their ability to attenuate DSS‐induced colitis compared to subcutaneous tissue‐derived cell or EV therapy. We found that treatment with subcutaneous isolated MSCs and their EV product compared to Crohn's mesentery MSCs or EVs, the inhibition of T‐cell proliferation and IFN‐γ, IL‐17a production increased, suggesting a non‐inflamed microenvironment allows for T‐cell inhibition by MSCs/EVs. Our results demonstrate that Crohn's patient‐derived diseased mesentery tissue MSCs lose their immunosuppressive capacity in the treatment of colitis by distinct regulation of pathogenic T‐cell responses and/or T‐cell infiltration into the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Dadgar
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Surgical Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jessica Altemus
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Surgical Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy L Lightner
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease Surgical Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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12
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Cunningham AW, Jones M, Frank N, Sethi D, Miller MM. Stem-like memory T cells are generated during hollow fiber perfusion-based expansion and enriched after cryopreservation in an automated modular cell therapy manufacturing process. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:1148-1157. [PMID: 36031522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Modular automation is a flexible and reliable option to build the foundation of a new or evolving process or to introduce automation to a process that is already established. Herein the authors demonstrate that modular automation provides both high-quality and high-yield T-cell products. METHODS Cells from three individual donors collected on an automated continuous flow centrifugation system were successfully expanded in a functionally closed, automated, perfusion-based hollow fiber bioreactor. These cells were then prepared for cryopreservation in an automated closed-system device that maintains temperature and aliquots a mixed cell product and cryoprotectant into product bags. Cell product bags were thawed and expanded in flasks. Samples taken throughout this manufacturing process were analyzed for cell phenotype, exhaustion markers and functionality. The proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was maintained through each step, from pre-expansion and post-expansion to immediately after thaw and 24 h after thaw. RESULTS Interestingly, phenotypic markers such as CD45RO, CD45RA and CCR7 evolved throughout the process and stem-like memory T cells emerged as the predominant phenotype in the clinically relevant 24-h post-thaw sample. CONCLUSIONS Modular automation supported the generation of stem-like memory T cells that were not terminally exhausted and were able to produce effector cytokines upon restimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Jones
- Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
| | - Nathan Frank
- Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
| | - Dalip Sethi
- Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies, Lakewood, Colorado, USA.
| | - Mindy M Miller
- Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies, Lakewood, Colorado, USA.
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13
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GMP Compliant Production of a Cryopreserved Adipose-Derived Stromal Cell Product for Feasible and Allogeneic Clinical Use. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:4664917. [PMID: 35769340 PMCID: PMC9236818 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4664917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging field of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) holds promise of treating a variety of diseases. Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are currently being marketed or tested as cell-based therapies in numerous clinical trials. To ensure safety and efficacy of treatments, high-quality products must be manufactured. A good manufacturing practice (GMP) compliant and consistent manufacturing process including validated quality control methods is critical. Product design and formulation are equally important to ensure clinical feasibility. Here, we present a GMP-compliant, xeno-free, and semiautomated manufacturing process and quality controls, used for large-scale production of a cryopreserved off-the-shelf ASC product and tested in several phase I and II allogeneic clinical applications.
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14
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Fitzgerald JC, Duffy N, Cattaruzzi G, Vitrani F, Paulitti A, Mazzarol F, Mauro P, Sfiligoj A, Curcio F, Jones DM, McInerney V, Krawczyk J, Kelly J, Finnerty A, McDonagh K, McCabe U, Duggan M, Connolly L, Shaw G, Murphy M, Barry F. GMP-Compliant Production of Autologous Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells in the NANT 001 Closed Automated Bioreactor. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:834267. [PMID: 35356775 PMCID: PMC8959900 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.834267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have received a great deal of interest for the treatment of major diseases, but clinical translation and market authorization have been slow. This has been due in part to a lack of standardization in cell manufacturing protocols, as well as a lack of biologically meaningful cell characterization tools and release assays. Cell production strategies to date have involved complex manual processing in an open environment which is costly, inefficient and poses risks of contamination. The NANT 001 bioreactor has been developed for the automated production of small to medium cell batches for autologous use. This is a closed, benchtop system which automatically performs several processes including cell seeding, media change, real-time monitoring of temperature, pH, cell confluence and cell detachment. Here we describe a validation of the bioreactor in an environment compliant with current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) to confirm its utility in replacing standardized manual processing. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) was isolated from lipoaspirate material obtained from healthy donors. SVF cells were seeded in the bioreactor. Cell processing was performed automatically and cell harvesting was triggered by computerized analysis of images captured by a travelling microscope positioned beneath the cell culture flask. For comparison, the same protocol was performed in parallel using manual methods. Critical quality attributes (CQA) assessed for cells from each process included cell yield, viability, surface immunophenotype, differentiation propensity, microbial sterility and endotoxin contamination. Cell yields from the bioreactor cultures were comparable in the manual and automated cultures and viability was >90% for both. Expression of surface markers were consistent with standards for adipose-derived stromal cell (ASC) phenotype. ASCs expanded in both automated and manual processes were capable of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Supernatants from all cultures tested negative for microbial and endotoxin contamination. Analysis of labor commitment indicated considerable economic advantage in the automated system in terms of operator, quality control, product release and management personnel. These data demonstrate that the NANT 001 bioreactor represents an effective option for small to medium scale, automated, closed expansion of ASCs from SVF and produces cell products with CQA equivalent to manual processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan C. Fitzgerald
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Niamh Duffy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Curcio
- Dipartimento di Area Medica (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Deirdre M. Jones
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Roscommon University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Veronica McInerney
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Janusz Krawczyk
- Department of Haematology, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jack Kelly
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew Finnerty
- Centre for Cell Manufacturing Ireland, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Katya McDonagh
- Centre for Cell Manufacturing Ireland, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Una McCabe
- Centre for Cell Manufacturing Ireland, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Matthew Duggan
- Centre for Cell Manufacturing Ireland, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lauren Connolly
- Centre for Cell Manufacturing Ireland, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Georgina Shaw
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mary Murphy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Frank Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Frank Barry,
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15
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Chan WW, Yu F, Le QB, Chen S, Yee M, Choudhury D. Towards Biomanufacturing of Cell-Derived Matrices. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111929. [PMID: 34769358 PMCID: PMC8585106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-derived matrices (CDM) are the decellularised extracellular matrices (ECM) of tissues obtained by the laboratory culture process. CDM is developed to mimic, to a certain extent, the properties of the needed natural tissue and thus to obviate the use of animals. The composition of CDM can be tailored for intended applications by carefully optimising the cell sources, culturing conditions and decellularising methods. This unique advantage has inspired the increasing use of CDM for biomedical research, ranging from stem cell niches to disease modelling and regenerative medicine. However, while much effort is spent on extracting different types of CDM and exploring their utilisation, little is spent on the scale-up aspect of CDM production. The ability to scale up CDM production is essential, as the materials are due for clinical trials and regulatory approval, and in fact, this ability to scale up should be an important factor from the early stages. In this review, we first introduce the current CDM production and characterisation methods. We then describe the existing scale-up technologies for cell culture and highlight the key considerations in scaling-up CDM manufacturing. Finally, we discuss the considerations and challenges faced while converting a laboratory protocol into a full industrial process. Scaling-up CDM manufacturing is a challenging task since it may be hindered by technologies that are not yet available. The early identification of these gaps will not only quicken CDM based product development but also help drive the advancement in scale-up cell culture and ECM extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng Wan Chan
- Biomanufacturing Technology, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138668, Singapore; (W.W.C.); (Q.B.L.); (S.C.); (M.Y.)
| | - Fang Yu
- Smart MicroFluidics, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore;
| | - Quang Bach Le
- Biomanufacturing Technology, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138668, Singapore; (W.W.C.); (Q.B.L.); (S.C.); (M.Y.)
| | - Sixun Chen
- Biomanufacturing Technology, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138668, Singapore; (W.W.C.); (Q.B.L.); (S.C.); (M.Y.)
| | - Marcus Yee
- Biomanufacturing Technology, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138668, Singapore; (W.W.C.); (Q.B.L.); (S.C.); (M.Y.)
| | - Deepak Choudhury
- Biomanufacturing Technology, Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138668, Singapore; (W.W.C.); (Q.B.L.); (S.C.); (M.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Van Beylen K, Papantoniou I, Aerts JM. Microcarrier Screening and Evaluation for Dynamic Expansion of Human Periosteum-Derived Progenitor Cells in a Xenogeneic Free Medium. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:624890. [PMID: 34109163 PMCID: PMC8181150 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.624890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing need toward a more efficient expansion of adherent progenitor cell types arises with the advancements of cell therapy. The use of a dynamic expansion instead of a static planar expansion could be one way to tackle the challenges of expanding adherent cells at a large scale. Microcarriers are often reported as a biomaterial for culturing cells in suspension. However, the type of microcarrier has an effect on the cell expansion. In order to find an efficient expansion process for a specific adherent progenitor cell type, it is important to investigate the effect of the type of microcarrier on the cell expansion. Human periosteum-derived progenitor cells are extensively used in skeletal tissue engineering for the regeneration of bone defects. Therefore, we evaluated the use of different microcarriers on human periosteum-derived progenitor cells. In order to assess the potency, identity and viability of these cells after being cultured in the spinner flasks, this study performed several in vitro and in vivo analyses. The novelty of this work lies in the combination of screening different microcarriers for human periosteum-derived progenitor cells with in vivo assessments of the cells’ potency using the microcarrier that was selected as the most promising one. The results showed that expanding human periosteum-derived progenitor cells in spinner flasks using xeno-free medium and Star-Plus microcarriers, does not affect the potency, identity or viability of the cells. The potency of the cells was assured with an in vivo evaluation, where bone formation was achieved. In summary, this expansion method has the potential to be used for large scale cell expansion with clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Van Beylen
- M3-BIORES: Measure, Model, and Manage Bioresponses, Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ioannis Papantoniou
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, Leuven, Belgium.,Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Patras, Greece
| | - Jean-Marie Aerts
- M3-BIORES: Measure, Model, and Manage Bioresponses, Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Chen S, Sato Y, Tada Y, Suzuki Y, Takahashi R, Okanojo M, Nakashima K. Facile bead-to-bead cell-transfer method for serial subculture and large-scale expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells in bioreactors. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1329-1342. [PMID: 34008349 PMCID: PMC8380445 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The conventional planar culture of adherent cells is inefficient for large‐scale manufacturing of cell and gene therapy products. We developed a facile and efficient bead‐to‐bead cell‐transfer method for serial subculture and large‐scale expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) with microcarriers in bioreactors. We first compared culture medium with and without nucleosides and found the former maintained the expression of surface markers of hMSCs during their prolonged culture and enabled faster cell proliferation. Subsequently, we developed our bead‐to‐bead cell transfer method to subculture hMSCs and found that intermittent agitation after adding fresh microcarriers to cell‐populated microcarriers could promote spontaneous cell migration to fresh microcarriers, reduce microcarrier aggregation, and improve cell yield. This method enabled serial subculture of hMSCs in spinner flasks from passage 4 to passage 9 without using proteolytic enzymes, which showed faster cell proliferation than the serial planar cultures undergoing multiple enzyme treatment. Finally, we used the medium containing nucleosides and our bead‐to‐bead cell transfer method for cell culture scale‐up from 4‐ to 50‐L cultures in single‐use bioreactors. We achieved a 242‐fold increase in the number of cells to 1.45 × 1010 after 27‐day culture and found that the cells harvested from the bioreactors maintained proliferation ability, expression of their surface markers, tri‐lineage differentiation potential and immunomodulatory property. This study shows the promotive effect of nucleosides on hMSC expansion and the potential of using our bead‐to‐bead transfer method for larger‐scale manufacturing of hMSCs for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangwu Chen
- Regenerative Medicine Business Sector, Showa Denko Materials Co, Ltd, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yushi Sato
- Regenerative Medicine Business Sector, Showa Denko Materials Co, Ltd, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tada
- Regenerative Medicine Business Sector, Showa Denko Materials Co, Ltd, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuma Suzuki
- Regenerative Medicine Business Sector, Showa Denko Materials Co, Ltd, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Regenerative Medicine Business Sector, Showa Denko Materials Co, Ltd, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okanojo
- Regenerative Medicine Business Sector, Showa Denko Materials Co, Ltd, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Nakashima
- Regenerative Medicine Business Sector, Showa Denko Materials Co, Ltd, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
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18
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Lukjanov V, Koutná I, Šimara P. CAR T-Cell Production Using Nonviral Approaches. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6644685. [PMID: 33855089 PMCID: PMC8019376 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6644685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR T-cells) represent a novel and promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of oncological patients is steadily growing in developed countries despite immense progress in oncological treatments, and the prognosis of individual patients is still relatively poor. Exceptional results have been recorded for CAR T-cell therapy in patients suffering from B-cell malignancies. This success opens up the possibility of using the same approach for other types of cancers. To date, the most common method for CAR T-cell generation is the use of viral vectors. However, dealing with virus-derived vectors brings possible obstacles in the CAR T-cell manufacturing process owing to strict regulations and high cost demands. Alternative approaches may facilitate further development and the transfer of the method to clinical practice. The most promising substitutes for virus-derived vectors are transposon-derived vectors, most commonly sleeping beauty, which offer great coding capability and a safe integration profile while maintaining a relatively low production cost. This review is aimed at summarizing the state of the art of nonviral approaches in CAR T-cell generation, with a unique perspective on the conditions in clinical applications and current Good Manufacturing Practice. If CAR T-cell therapy is to be routinely used in medical practice, the manufacturing cost and complexity need to be as low as possible, and transposon-based vectors seem to meet these criteria better than viral-based vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Lukjanov
- Masaryk University Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kamenice 5, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
- St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, International Clinical Research Center, Pekarska 53, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Koutná
- Masaryk University Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kamenice 5, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
- St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, International Clinical Research Center, Pekarska 53, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Šimara
- Masaryk University Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kamenice 5, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
- St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, International Clinical Research Center, Pekarska 53, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic
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19
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Häberle H, Magunia H, Lang P, Gloeckner H, Körner A, Koeppen M, Backchoul T, Malek N, Handgretinger R, Rosenberger P, Mirakaj V. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Severe COVID-19 ARDS. J Intensive Care Med 2021; 36:681-688. [PMID: 33663244 PMCID: PMC8145440 DOI: 10.1177/0885066621997365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic reached Germany in spring 2020. No proven treatment for SARS-CoV-2 was available at that time, especially for severe COVID-19-induced ARDS. We determined whether the infusion of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) would help to improve pulmonary function and overall outcome in patients with severe COVID-19 ARDS. We offered MSC infusion as an extended indication to all critically ill COVID-19 patients with a Horovitz index <100. We treated 5 out of 23 patients with severe COVID-19 ARDS with an infusion of MSCs. One million MSCs/kg body weight was infused over 30 minutes, and the process was repeated in 3 patients twice and in 2 patients 3 times. Result: Four out of 5 MSC-treated patients compared to 50% of control patients (9 out of 18) received ECMO support (80%). The MSC group showed a higher Murray score on admission than control patients, reflecting more severe pulmonary compromise (3.5 ± 0.2 versus 2.8 ± 0.3). MSC infusion was safe and well tolerated. The MSC group had a significantly higher Horovitz score on discharge than the control group. Compared to controls, patients with MSC treatment showed a significantly lower Murray score upon discharge than controls. In the MSC group, 4 out of 5 patients (80%) survived to discharge and exhibited good pulmonary function, whereas only 8 out of 18 patients (45%) in the control group survived to discharge. Conclusion: MSC infusion is a safe treatment for COVID-19 ARDS that improves pulmonary function and overall outcome in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Häberle
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 9188Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harry Magunia
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 9188Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Lang
- Department I-General Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Henning Gloeckner
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 9188Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Körner
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 9188Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Koeppen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 9188Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tamam Backchoul
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nisar Malek
- Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Department I-General Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rosenberger
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 9188Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Valbona Mirakaj
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 9188Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
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20
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Gobin J, Muradia G, Mehic J, Westwood C, Couvrette L, Stalker A, Bigelow S, Luebbert CC, Bissonnette FSD, Johnston MJW, Sauvé S, Tam RY, Wang L, Rosu-Myles M, Lavoie JR. Hollow-fiber bioreactor production of extracellular vesicles from human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells yields nanovesicles that mirrors the immuno-modulatory antigenic signature of the producer cell. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:127. [PMID: 33579358 PMCID: PMC7880218 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) are currently investigated for their clinical effectiveness towards immune-mediated diseases. The large amounts of stem cell-derived EVs required for clinical testing suggest that bioreactor production systems may be a more amenable alternative than conventional EV production methods for manufacturing products for therapeutic use in humans. Methods To characterize the potential utility of these systems, EVs from four hBM-MSC donors were produced independently using a hollow-fiber bioreactor system under a cGMP-compliant procedure. EVs were harvested and characterized for size, concentration, immunophenotype, and glycan profile at three separate intervals throughout a 25-day period. Results Bioreactor-inoculated hBM-MSCs maintained high viability and retained their trilineage mesoderm differentiation capability while still expressing MSC-associated markers upon retrieval. EVs collected from the four hBM-MSC donors showed consistency in size and concentration in addition to presenting a consistent surface glycan profile. EV surface immunophenotypic analyses revealed a consistent low immunogenicity profile in addition to the presence of immuno-regulatory CD40 antigen. EV cargo analysis for biomarkers of immune regulation showed a high abundance of immuno-regulatory and angiogenic factors VEGF-A and IL-8. Conclusions Significantly, EVs from hBM-MSCs with immuno-regulatory constituents were generated in a large-scale system over a long production period and could be frequently harvested with the same quality and quantity, which will circumvent the challenge for clinical application. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02190-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Gobin
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gauri Muradia
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jelica Mehic
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carole Westwood
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Couvrette
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Stalker
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stewart Bigelow
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian C Luebbert
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frédéric St-Denis Bissonnette
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J W Johnston
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon Sauvé
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger Y Tam
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Rosu-Myles
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessie R Lavoie
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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21
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Mazini L, Ezzoubi M, Malka G. Overview of current adipose-derived stem cell (ADSCs) processing involved in therapeutic advancements: flow chart and regulation updates before and after COVID-19. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:1. [PMID: 33397467 PMCID: PMC7781178 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have raised big interest in therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine and appear to fulfill the criteria for a successful cell therapy. Their low immunogenicity and their ability to self-renew, to differentiate into different tissue-specific progenitors, to migrate into damaged sites, and to act through autocrine and paracrine pathways have been altogether testified as the main mechanisms whereby cell repair and regeneration occur. The absence of standardization protocols in cell management within laboratories or facilities added to the new technologies improved at patient's bedside and the discrepancies in cell outcomes and engraftment increase the limitations on their widespread use by balancing their real benefit versus the patient safety and security. Also, comparisons across pooled patients are particularly difficult in the fact that multiple medical devices are used and there is absence of harmonized assessment assays despite meeting regulations agencies and efficient GMP protocols. Moreover, the emergence of the COVID-19 breakdown added to the complexity of implementing standardization. Cell- and tissue-based therapies are completely dependent on the biological manifestations and parameters associated to and induced by this virus where the scope is still unknown. The initial flow chart identified for stem cell therapies should be reformulated and updated to overcome patient infection and avoid significant variability, thus enabling more patient safety and therapeutic efficiency. The aim of this work is to highlight the major guidelines and differences in ADSC processing meeting the current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) and the cellular therapy-related policies. Specific insights on standardization of ADSCs proceeding at different check points are also presented as a setup for the cord blood and bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Mazini
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Régénération Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Center of Biological and Medical Sciences CIAM, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ezzoubi
- Centre des Brûlés et chirurgie réparatrice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd Casablanca, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Gabriel Malka
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Régénération Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Center of Biological and Medical Sciences CIAM, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco
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22
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Barros I, Marcelo A, Silva TP, Barata J, Rufino-Ramos D, Pereira de Almeida L, Miranda CO. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells' Therapy for Polyglutamine Disorders: Where Do We Stand and Where Should We Go? Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:584277. [PMID: 33132851 PMCID: PMC7573388 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.584277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders caused by the expansion of the cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat. This mutation encodes extended glutamine (Q) tract in the disease protein, resulting in the alteration of its conformation/physiological role and in the formation of toxic fragments/aggregates of the protein. This group of heterogeneous disorders shares common molecular mechanisms, which opens the possibility to develop a pan therapeutic approach. Vast efforts have been made to develop strategies to alleviate disease symptoms. Nonetheless, there is still no therapy that can cure or effectively delay disease progression of any of these disorders. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are promising tools for the treatment of polyQ disorders, promoting protection, tissue regeneration, and/or modulation of the immune system in animal models. Accordingly, data collected from clinical trials have so far demonstrated that transplantation of MSC is safe and delays the progression of some polyQ disorders for some time. However, to achieve sustained phenotypic amelioration in clinics, several treatments may be necessary. Therefore, efforts to develop new strategies to improve MSC's therapeutic outcomes have been emerging. In this review article, we discuss the current treatments and strategies used to reduce polyQ symptoms and major pre-clinical and clinical achievements obtained with MSC transplantation as well as remaining flaws that need to be overcome. The requirement to cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), together with a short rate of cell engraftment in the lesioned area and low survival of MSC in a pathophysiological context upon transplantation may contribute to the transient therapeutic effects. We also review methods like pre-conditioning or genetic engineering of MSC that can be used to increase MSC survival in vivo, cellular-free approaches-i.e., MSC-conditioned medium (CM) or MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a way of possibly replacing the use of MSC and methods required to standardize the potential of MSC/MSC-derived products. These are fundamental questions that need to be addressed to obtain maximum MSC performance in polyQ diseases and therefore increase clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Barros
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,III-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adriana Marcelo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa P Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Barata
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - David Rufino-Ramos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Viravector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina O Miranda
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,III-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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23
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Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Are Able to Use bFGF Treatment and Represent a Superb Tool for Immunosuppressive Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155366. [PMID: 32731615 PMCID: PMC7432622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become a promising tool in cellular therapy for restoring immune system haemostasis; however, the success of clinical trials has been impaired by the lack of standardized manufacturing processes. This study aims to determine the suitability of source tissues and culture media for the production of MSC-based advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) and to define parameters to extend the set of release criteria. MSCs were isolated from umbilical cord (UC), bone marrow and lipoaspirate and expanded in three different culture media. MSC phenotype, proliferation capacity and immunosuppressive parameters were evaluated in normal MSCs compared to primed MSCs treated with cytokines mimicking an inflammatory environment. Compared to bone marrow and lipoaspirate, UC-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) showed the highest proliferative capacity, which was further enhanced by media supplemented with bFGF, while the cells maintained their immunosuppressive characteristics. Moreover, UC-MSCs expanded in the bFGF-enriched medium were the least sensitive to undesirable priming-induced changes in the MSC phenotype. Surface markers and secreted factors were identified to reflect the cell response to inflammatory priming and to be variable among MSCs from different source tissues. This study demonstrates that UC is a favorable cell source for manufacturing MSC-based ATMPs for immunosuppressive applications. UC-MSCs are able to use the bFGF-enriched medium for higher cell yields without the impairment of immunosuppressive parameters and undesirable phenotype changes after inflammatory preconditioning of MSCs before transplantation. Additionally, immunosuppressive parameters were identified to help finding predictors of clinically efficient MSCs in the following clinical trials.
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24
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García-Fernández C, López-Fernández A, Borrós S, Lecina M, Vives J. Strategies for large-scale expansion of clinical-grade human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Tsai AC, Jeske R, Chen X, Yuan X, Li Y. Influence of Microenvironment on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapeutic Potency: From Planar Culture to Microcarriers. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:640. [PMID: 32671039 PMCID: PMC7327111 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are a promising candidate in cell therapy as they exhibit multilineage differentiation, homing to the site of injury, and secretion of trophic factors that facilitate tissue healing and/or modulate immune response. As a result, hMSC-derived products have attracted growing interests in preclinical and clinical studies. The development of hMSC culture platforms for large-scale biomanufacturing is necessary to meet the requirements for late-phase clinical trials and future commercialization. Microcarriers in stirred-tank bioreactors have been widely utilized in large-scale expansion of hMSCs for translational applications because of a high surface-to-volume ratio compared to conventional 2D planar culture. However, recent studies have demonstrated that microcarrier-expanded hMSCs differ from dish- or flask-expanded cells in size, morphology, proliferation, viability, surface markers, gene expression, differentiation potential, and secretome profile which may lead to altered therapeutic potency. Therefore, understanding the bioprocessing parameters that influence hMSC therapeutic efficacy is essential for the optimization of microcarrier-based bioreactor system to maximize hMSC quantity without sacrificing quality. In this review, biomanufacturing parameters encountered in planar culture and microcarrier-based bioreactor culture of hMSCs are compared and discussed with specific focus on cell-adhesion surface (e.g., discontinuous surface, underlying curvature, microcarrier stiffness, porosity, surface roughness, coating, and charge) and the dynamic microenvironment in bioreactor culture (e.g., oxygen and nutrients, shear stress, particle collision, and aggregation). The influence of dynamic culture in bioreactors on hMSC properties is also reviewed in order to establish connection between bioprocessing and stem cell function. This review addresses fundamental principles and concepts for future design of biomanufacturing systems for hMSC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang-Chen Tsai
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Richard Jeske
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Xuegang Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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26
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Goodman SB, Lin T. Modifying MSC Phenotype to Facilitate Bone Healing: Biological Approaches. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:641. [PMID: 32671040 PMCID: PMC7328340 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Healing of fractures and bone defects normally follows an orderly series of events including formation of a hematoma and an initial stage of inflammation, development of soft callus, formation of hard callus, and finally the stage of bone remodeling. In cases of severe musculoskeletal injury due to trauma, infection, irradiation and other adverse stimuli, deficient healing may lead to delayed or non-union; this results in a residual bone defect with instability, pain and loss of function. Modern methods of mechanical stabilization and autologous bone grafting are often successful in achieving fracture union and healing of bone defects; however, in some cases, this treatment is unsuccessful because of inadequate biological factors. Specifically, the systemic and local microenvironment may not be conducive to bone healing because of a loss of the progenitor cell population for bone and vascular lineage cells. Autologous bone grafting can provide the necessary scaffold, progenitor and differentiated lineage cells, and biological cues for bone reconstruction, however, autologous bone graft may be limited in quantity or quality. These unfavorable circumstances are magnified in systemic conditions with chronic inflammation, including obesity, diabetes, chronic renal disease, aging and others. Recently, strategies have been devised to both mitigate the necessity for, and complications from, open procedures for harvesting of autologous bone by using minimally invasive aspiration techniques and concentration of iliac crest bone cells, followed by local injection into the defect site. More elaborate strategies (not yet approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-FDA) include isolation and expansion of subpopulations of the harvested cells, preconditioning of these cells or inserting specific genes to modulate or facilitate bone healing. We review the literature pertinent to the subject of modifying autologous harvested cells including MSCs to facilitate bone healing. Although many of these techniques and technologies are still in the preclinical stage and not yet approved for use in humans by the FDA, novel approaches to accelerate bone healing by modifying cells has great potential to mitigate the physical, economic and social burden of non-healing fractures and bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tzuhua Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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27
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Lotfi R, Rojewski MT, Zeplin PH, Funk W, Pullig O, Nöth U, Schrezenmeier H. Validation of Microbiological Testing of Cellular Medicinal Products Containing Antibiotics. Transfus Med Hemother 2020; 47:144-151. [PMID: 32355474 DOI: 10.1159/000501284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The risk of microbial contamination of cellular products can be reduced when cultured in the presence of antibiotics. This however, may impact the sensitivity of microbiological tests. Given that the addition of antibiotics to cell/tissue products does not guarantee sterility but may just reduce the proliferation rate of microorganisms, microbiological testing of medicinal products remains obligatory. Thus, an appropriate method to test for microbial contamination of antibiotic-containing products has to be validated. Objectives In the context of microbiological testing of a cellular advance therapy medicinal product, the method was validated and approved by German competent authorities for four different matrices with three matrices containing antibiotics. The paper shall provide help for establishing test methods for other investigational medicinal products which contain antibiotics. Methods Matrices were spiked individually with Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Clostridium sporogenes, Propionibacterium acnes, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus brasiliensis. Samples were pretreated with penicillinase for 1 h before inoculation and incubation in BacT/ALERT iFA Plus and iFN Plus culture bottles using 3D BacT/ALERT automates. Microorganisms within positive BacT/ALERT bottles were specified. The procedure was performed in two different laboratories to prove robustness of test. Results All nine tested microorganisms were detected within 14 days of incubation in accordance with requirements of the European Pharmacopoiea in terms of sensitivity, specificity and robustness of the test. Penicillin and streptomycin did not have any influence on specifications defined within the investigational medicinal product dossier. Conclusions Culturing cellular products in the presence of antibiotics can serve as an effective method to reduce contamination risk but only if the chosen antibiotics neither have any influence on specifications of the investigational medicinal product nor interfere with microbiological tests. Consequently, cells and tissues primarily contaminated with microorganisms, like placenta, may be considered as a source of cellular therapeutics when cultured for a sufficient time with antibiotics and tested with a validated method. The choice of microorganisms for the validation of the microbiological test should always consider all conceivable scenarios and should not be reduced to minimal criteria defined in European Pharmacopoiea, wrongfully believing to thus save time and effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Lotfi
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Services Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Thomas Rojewski
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Services Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Philip H Zeplin
- Schlosspark Klinik Ludwigsburg, Privatklinik für Plastische und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Pullig
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nöth
- Evangelisches Waldkrankenhaus Spandau, Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Services Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Ulm, Germany
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28
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Automated Large-Scale Production of Paclitaxel Loaded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Cell Therapy Applications. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050411. [PMID: 32365861 PMCID: PMC7284468 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) prepared as advanced therapies medicinal products (ATMPs) have been widely used for the treatment of different diseases. The latest developments concern the possibility to use MSCs as carrier of molecules, including chemotherapeutic drugs. Taking advantage of their intrinsic homing feature, MSCs may improve drugs localization in the disease area. However, for cell therapy applications, a significant number of MSCs loaded with the drug is required. We here investigate the possibility to produce a large amount of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant MSCs loaded with the chemotherapeutic drug Paclitaxel (MSCs-PTX), using a closed bioreactor system. Cells were obtained starting from 13 adipose tissue lipoaspirates. All samples were characterized in terms of number/viability, morphology, growth kinetics, and immunophenotype. The ability of MSCs to internalize PTX as well as the antiproliferative activity of the MSCs-PTX in vitro was also assessed. The results demonstrate that our approach allows a large scale expansion of cells within a week; the MSCs-PTX, despite a different morphology from MSCs, displayed the typical features of MSCs in terms of viability, adhesion capacity, and phenotype. In addition, MSCs showed the ability to internalize PTX and finally to kill cancer cells, inhibiting the proliferation of tumor lines in vitro. In summary our results demonstrate for the first time that it is possible to obtain, in a short time, large amounts of MSCs loaded with PTX to be used in clinical trials for the treatment of patients with oncological diseases.
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29
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Lanzoni G, Linetsky E, Correa D, Alvarez RA, Marttos A, Hirani K, Cayetano SM, Castro JG, Paidas MJ, Efantis Potter J, Xu X, Glassberg M, Tan J, Patel AN, Goldstein B, Kenyon NS, Baidal D, Alejandro R, Vianna R, Ruiz P, Caplan AI, Ricordi C. Umbilical Cord-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for COVID-19 Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). CELLR4-- REPAIR, REPLACEMENT, REGENERATION, & REPROGRAMMING 2020; 8. [PMID: 34164564 DOI: 10.32113/cellr4_20204_2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is cause of a global pandemic of a pneumonia-like disease termed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 presents a high mortality rate, estimated at 3.4%. More than 1 out of 4 hospitalized COVID-19 patients require admission to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for respiratory support, and a large proportion of these ICU-COVID-19 patients, between 17% and 46%, have died. In these patients COVID-19 infection causes an inflammatory response in the lungs that can progress to inflammation with cytokine storm, Acute Lung Injury (ALI), Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), thromboembolic events, disseminated intravascular coagulation, organ failure, and death. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are potent immunomodulatory cells that recognize sites of injury, limit effector T cell reactions, and positively modulate regulatory cell populations. MSCs also stimulate local tissue regeneration via paracrine effects inducing angiogenic, anti-fibrotic and remodeling responses. MSCs can be derived in large number from the Umbilical Cord (UC). UC-MSCs, utilized in the allogeneic setting, have demonstrated safety and efficacy in clinical trials for a number of disease conditions including inflammatory and immune-based diseases. UC-MSCs have been shown to inhibit inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs and have been utilized to treat patients with severe COVID-19 in pilot, uncontrolled clinical trials, that reported promising results. UC-MSCs processed at our facility have been authorized by the FDA for clinical trials in patients with an Alzheimer's Disease, and in patients with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). We hypothesize that UC-MSC will also exert beneficial therapeutic effects in COVID-19 patients with cytokine storm and ARDS. We propose an early phase controlled, randomized clinical trial in COVID-19 patients with ALI/ARDS. Subjects in the treatment group will be treated with two doses of UC-MSC (l00 × 106 cells). The first dose will be infused within 24 hours following study enrollment. A second dose will be administered 72 ± 6 hours after the first infusion. Subject in the control group will receive infusion of vehicle (DPBS supplemented with 1% HSA and 70 U/kg unfractionated Heparin, delivered IV) following the same timeline. Subjects will be evaluated daily during the first 6 days, then at 14, 28, 60, and 90 days following enrollment (see Schedule of Assessment for time window details). Safety will be determined by adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs) during the follow-up period. Efficacy will be defined by clinical outcomes, as well as a variety of pulmonary, biochemical and immunological tests. Success of the current study will provide a framework for larger controlled, randomized clinical trials and a means of accelerating a possible solution for this urgent but unmet medical need. The proposed early phase clinical trial will be performed at the University of Miami (UM), in the facilities of the Diabetes Research Institute (DRI), UHealth Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and the Clinical Translational Research Site (CTRS) at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and at the Jackson Memorial Hospital (JMH).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lanzoni
- Diabetes Research Institute, Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - E Linetsky
- Diabetes Research Institute, Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - D Correa
- Diabetes Research Institute, Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - R A Alvarez
- University of Miami Health System and Jackson Health System, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - A Marttos
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,University of Miami Health System and Jackson Health System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - K Hirani
- Diabetes Research Institute, Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - S Messinger Cayetano
- Diabetes Research Institute, Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J G Castro
- University of Miami Health System and Jackson Health System, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - M J Paidas
- University of Miami Health System and Jackson Health System, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J Efantis Potter
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - X Xu
- Diabetes Research Institute, Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M Glassberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - J Tan
- Organ Transplant Institute, Fuzhou General Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - A N Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,HCA Research Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - B Goldstein
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - N S Kenyon
- Diabetes Research Institute, Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - D Baidal
- Diabetes Research Institute, Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - R Alejandro
- Diabetes Research Institute, Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - R Vianna
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,University of Miami Health System and Jackson Health System, Miami, FL, USA.,Miami Transplant Institute, Jackson Health System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - P Ruiz
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,University of Miami Health System and Jackson Health System, Miami, FL, USA.,Miami Transplant Institute, Jackson Health System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - A I Caplan
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - C Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,University of Miami Health System and Jackson Health System, Miami, FL, USA
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30
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Lam AT, Reuveny S, Oh SKW. Human mesenchymal stem cell therapy for cartilage repair: Review on isolation, expansion, and constructs. Stem Cell Res 2020; 44:101738. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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31
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Chu DT, Phuong TNT, Tien NLB, Tran DK, Thanh VV, Quang TL, Truong DT, Pham VH, Ngoc VTN, Chu-Dinh T, Kushekhar K. An Update on the Progress of Isolation, Culture, Storage, and Clinical Application of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E708. [PMID: 31973182 PMCID: PMC7037097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs), which are known as multipotent cells, are widely used in the treatment of various diseases via their self-renewable, differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties. In-vitro and in-vivo studies have supported the understanding mechanisms, safety, and efficacy of BMSCs therapy in clinical applications. The number of clinical trials in phase I/II is accelerating; however, they are limited in the size of subjects, regulations, and standards for the preparation and transportation and administration of BMSCs, leading to inconsistency in the input and outcome of the therapy. Based on the International Society for Cellular Therapy guidelines, the characterization, isolation, cultivation, differentiation, and applications can be optimized and standardized, which are compliant with good manufacturing practice requirements to produce clinical-grade preparation of BMSCs. This review highlights and updates on the progress of production, as well as provides further challenges in the studies of BMSCs, for the approval of BMSCs widely in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Toi Chu
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- School of Odonto Stomatology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Thuy Nguyen Thi Phuong
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Nguyen Le Bao Tien
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (N.L.B.T.); (V.V.T.)
| | - Dang Khoa Tran
- Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine Pham Ngoc Thach, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Vo Van Thanh
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (N.L.B.T.); (V.V.T.)
- Department of Surgery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Luu Quang
- Center for Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | | | - Van Huy Pham
- AI Lab, Faculty of Information Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Vo Truong Nhu Ngoc
- School of Odonto Stomatology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Thien Chu-Dinh
- Institute for Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Kushi Kushekhar
- Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway;
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32
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Belleghem SMV, Mahadik B, Snodderly KL, Fisher JP. Overview of Tissue Engineering Concepts and Applications. Biomater Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816137-1.00081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Large-Scale Automated Hollow-Fiber Bioreactor Expansion of Umbilical Cord-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Neurological Disorders. Neurochem Res 2019; 45:204-214. [PMID: 31828497 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders present a broad group of neurological diseases and remain one of the greatest challenges and burdens to mankind. Maladies like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, stroke or spinal cord injury commonly features astroglia involvement (astrogliosis) with signs of inflammation. Regenerative, paracrine and immunomodulatory properties of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) could target the above components, thus opening new therapeutic possibilities for regenerative medicine. A special interest should be given to hMSCs derived from the umbilical cord (UC) tissue, due to their origin, properties and lack of ethical paradigms. The aim of this study was to establish standard operating and scale-up good manufacturing practice (GMP) protocols of UC-hMSCs isolation, characterization, expansion and comparison of cells' properties when harvested on T-flasks versus using a large-scale bioreactor system. Human UC-hMSCs, isolated by tissue explant culture technique from Wharton's jelly, were harvested after reaching 75% confluence and cultured using tissue culture flasks. Obtained UC-hMSCs prior/after the cryopreservation and after harvesting in a bioreactor, were fully characterized for "mesenchymness" immunomodulatory, tumorigenicity and genetic stability, senescence and cell-doubling properties, as well as gene expression features. Our study demonstrates an efficient and simple technique for large scale UC-hMSCs expansion. Harvesting of UC-hMSCs' using classic and large scale methods did not alter UC-hMSCs' senescence, genetic stability or in vitro tumorigenicity features. We observed comparable growth and immunomodulatory capacities of fresh, frozen and expanded UC-hMSCs. We found no difference in the ability to differentiate toward adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages between classic and large scale UC-hMSCs expansion methods. Both, methods enabled derivation of genetically stabile cells with typical mesenchymal features. Interestingly, we found significantly increased mRNA expression levels of neural growth factor (NGF) and downregulated insulin growth factor (IGF) in UC-hMSCs cultured in bioreactor, while IL4, IL6, IL8, TGFb and VEGF expression levels remained at the similar levels. A culturing of UC-hMSCs using a large-scale automated closed bioreactor expansion system under the GMP conditions does not alter basic "mesenchymal" features and quality of the cells. Our study has been designed to pave a road toward translation of basic research data known about human UC-MSCs for the future clinical testing in patients with neurological and immunocompromised disorders. An industrial manufacturing of UC-hMSCs next will undergo regulatory approval following advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) criteria prior to clinical application and approval to be used in patients.
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34
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Strategy for the Generation of Engineered Bone Constructs Based on Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Expanded with Human Platelet Lysate. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:7198215. [PMID: 31885622 PMCID: PMC6914958 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7198215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSC) are promising candidates for cell therapy due to their potent multilineage differentiation, enhanced self-renewal capacity, and immediate availability for clinical use. Clinical experience has demonstrated satisfactory biosafety profiles and feasibility of UC-MSC application in the allogeneic setting. However, the use of UC-MSC for bone regeneration has not been fully established. A major challenge in the generation of successful therapeutic strategies for bone engineering lies on the combination of highly functional proosteogenic MSC populations and bioactive matrix scaffolds. To address that, in this study we proposed a new approach for the generation of bone-like constructs based on UC-MSC expanded in human platelet lysate (hPL) and evaluated its potential to induce bone structures in vivo. In order to obtain UC-MSC for potential clinical use, we first assessed parameters such as the isolation method, growth supplementation, microbiological monitoring, and cryopreservation and performed full characterization of the cell product including phenotype, growth performance, tree-lineage differentiation, and gene expression. Finally, we evaluated bone-like constructs based on the combination of stimulated UC-MSC and collagen microbeads for in vivo bone formation. UC-MSC were successfully cultured from 100% of processed UC donors, and efficient cell derivation was observed at day 14 ± 3 by the explant method. UC-MSC maintained mesenchymal cell morphology, phenotype, high cell growth performance, and probed multipotent differentiation capacity. No striking variations between donors were recorded. As expected, UC-MSC showed tree-lineage differentiation and gene expression profiles similar to bone marrow- and adipose-derived MSC. Importantly, upon osteogenic and endothelial induction, UC-MSC displayed strong proangiogenic and bone formation features. The combination of hPL-expanded MSC and collagen microbeads led to bone/vessel formation following implantation into an immune competent mouse model. Collectively, we developed a high-performance UC-MSC-based cell manufacturing bioprocess that fulfills the requirements for human application and triggers the potency and effectivity of cell-engineered scaffolds for bone regeneration.
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35
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Chen R, Li L, Feng L, Luo Y, Xu M, Leong KW, Yao R. Biomaterial-assisted scalable cell production for cell therapy. Biomaterials 2019; 230:119627. [PMID: 31767445 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy, the treatment of diseases using living cells, offers a promising clinical approach to treating refractory diseases. The global market for cell therapy is growing rapidly, and there is an increasing demand for automated methods that can produce large quantities of high quality therapeutic cells. Biomaterials can be used during cell production to establish a biomimetic microenvironment that promotes cell adhesion and proliferation while maintaining target cell genotype and phenotype. Here we review recent progress and emerging techniques in biomaterial-assisted cell production. The increasing use of auxiliary biomaterials and automated production methods provides an opportunity to improve quality control and increase production efficiency using standardized GMP-compliant procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology of Ministry of Education, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology of Ministry of Education, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lu Feng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology of Ministry of Education, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yixue Luo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology of Ministry of Education, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mingen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Information and 3D Bioprinting of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Rui Yao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology of Ministry of Education, Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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36
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Dias RB, Guimarães JAM, Cury MB, Rocha LR, da Costa ES, Nogueira LP, Hochman-Mendez C, Fortuna-Costa A, Silva AKF, Cunha KS, de Souza SAL, Duarte MEL, Sartore RC, Bonfim DC. The Manufacture of GMP-Grade Bone Marrow Stromal Cells with Validated In Vivo Bone-Forming Potential in an Orthopedic Clinical Center in Brazil. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2608482. [PMID: 31781235 PMCID: PMC6875385 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2608482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro-expanded bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have long been proposed for the treatment of complex bone-related injuries because of their inherent potential to differentiate into multiple skeletal cell types, modulate inflammatory responses, and support angiogenesis. Although a wide variety of methods have been used to expand BMSCs on a large scale by using good manufacturing practice (GMP), little attention has been paid to whether the expansion procedures indeed allow the maintenance of critical cell characteristics and potency, which are crucial for therapeutic effectiveness. Here, we described standard procedures adopted in our facility for the manufacture of clinical-grade BMSC products with a preserved capacity to generate bone in vivo in compliance with the Brazilian regulatory guidelines for cells intended for use in humans. Bone marrow samples were obtained from trabecular bone. After cell isolation in standard monolayer flasks, BMSC expansion was subsequently performed in two cycles, in 2- and 10-layer cell factories, respectively. The average cell yield per cell factory at passage 1 was of 21.93 ± 12.81 × 106 cells, while at passage 2, it was of 83.05 ± 114.72 × 106 cells. All final cellular products were free from contamination with aerobic/anaerobic pathogens, mycoplasma, and bacterial endotoxins. The expanded BMSCs expressed CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD146 and were able to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages in vitro. Most importantly, nine out of 10 of the cell products formed bone when transplanted in vivo. These validated procedures will serve as the basis for in-house BMSC manufacturing for use in clinical applications in our center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhayra B. Dias
- Master Program in Musculoskeletal Sciences, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rio de Janeiro 20940-070, Brazil
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rio de Janeiro 20940-070, Brazil
| | - João A. M. Guimarães
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rio de Janeiro 20940-070, Brazil
- Trauma Center, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rio de Janeiro 20940-070, Brazil
| | - Marco B. Cury
- Hip Surgery Center, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rio de Janeiro 20940-070, Brazil
| | - Leonardo R. Rocha
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rio de Janeiro 20940-070, Brazil
- Trauma Center, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rio de Janeiro 20940-070, Brazil
| | - Elaine S. da Costa
- Institute of Paediatrics and Puericulture Martagão Gesteira, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-912, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Hochman-Mendez
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Texas Heart Institute, Regenerative Medicine Research, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Anneliese Fortuna-Costa
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rio de Janeiro 20940-070, Brazil
| | - Anna Karoline F. Silva
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro 24030-215, Brazil
| | - Karin S. Cunha
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro 24030-215, Brazil
| | - Sergio A. L. de Souza
- Department of Radiology, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Maria Eugênia L. Duarte
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rio de Janeiro 20940-070, Brazil
| | - Rafaela C. Sartore
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rio de Janeiro 20940-070, Brazil
| | - Danielle C. Bonfim
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rio de Janeiro 20940-070, Brazil
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37
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Uslu U, Erdmann M, Wiesinger M, Schuler G, Schuler-Thurner B. Automated Good Manufacturing Practice–compliant generation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells from a complete apheresis product using a hollow-fiber bioreactor system overcomes a major hurdle in the manufacture of dendritic cells for cancer vaccines. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:1166-1178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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38
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Naji A, Eitoku M, Favier B, Deschaseaux F, Rouas-Freiss N, Suganuma N. Biological functions of mesenchymal stem cells and clinical implications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3323-3348. [PMID: 31055643 PMCID: PMC11105258 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are isolated from multiple biological tissues-adult bone marrow and adipose tissues and neonatal tissues such as umbilical cord and placenta. In vitro, MSCs show biological features of extensive proliferation ability and multipotency. Moreover, MSCs have trophic, homing/migration and immunosuppression functions that have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. A number of clinical trials are using MSCs for therapeutic interventions in severe degenerative and/or inflammatory diseases, including Crohn's disease and graft-versus-host disease, alone or in combination with other drugs. MSCs are promising for therapeutic applications given the ease in obtaining them, their genetic stability, their poor immunogenicity and their curative properties for tissue repair and immunomodulation. The success of MSC therapy in degenerative and/or inflammatory diseases might depend on the robustness of the biological functions of MSCs, which should be linked to their therapeutic potency. Here, we outline the fundamental and advanced concepts of MSC biological features and underline the biological functions of MSCs in their basic and translational aspects in therapy for degenerative and/or inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Naji
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Cooperative Medicine Unit, Research and Education Faculty, Medicine Science Cluster, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-Cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.
| | - Masamitsu Eitoku
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Cooperative Medicine Unit, Research and Education Faculty, Medicine Science Cluster, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-Cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Benoit Favier
- CEA, DRF-IBFJ, IDMIT, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Paris-Sud University, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Frédéric Deschaseaux
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang Occitanie, UMR 5273 CNRS, INSERM U1031, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Rouas-Freiss
- CEA, DRF-Francois Jacob Institute, Research Division in Hematology and Immunology (SRHI), Saint-Louis Hospital, IRSL, UMRS 976, Paris, France
| | - Narufumi Suganuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Cooperative Medicine Unit, Research and Education Faculty, Medicine Science Cluster, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-Cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
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39
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Bieback K, Fernandez-Muñoz B, Pati S, Schäfer R. Gaps in the knowledge of human platelet lysate as a cell culture supplement for cell therapy: a joint publication from the AABB and the International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy. Transfusion 2019; 59:3448-3460. [PMID: 31412158 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bieback
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Flowcore Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen gGmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Beatriz Fernandez-Muñoz
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular (UPRC)/Laboratorio Andaluz de Reprogramación Celular (LARCEL), Sevilla, Spain.,Iniciativa Andaluza de Terapias Avanzadas, Sevilla, Spain.,IBiS, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Shibani Pati
- Blood Systems Research Institute (BSRI), Blood Systems Inc. (BSI), and the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Richard Schäfer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen gGmbH, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
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40
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Coeshott C, Vang B, Jones M, Nankervis B. Large-scale expansion and characterization of CD3 + T-cells in the Quantum ® Cell Expansion System. J Transl Med 2019; 17:258. [PMID: 31391068 PMCID: PMC6686483 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid evolution of cell-based immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cells for treatment of hematological cancers has precipitated the need for a platform to expand these cells ex vivo in a safe, efficient, and reproducible manner. In the Quantum® Cell Expansion System (Quantum system) we evaluated the expansion of T-cells from healthy donors in a functionally-closed environment that reduces time and resources needed to produce a therapeutic dose. Methods Mononuclear cells from leukapheresis products from 5 healthy donors were activated with anti-CD3/CD28 Dynabeads® and expanded in the Quantum system for 8–9 days using xeno-free, serum-free medium and IL-2. Harvested cells were phenotyped by flow cytometry and evaluated for cytokine secretion by multiplex assays. Results From starting products of 30 or 85 × 106 mononuclear cells, CD3+ T-cell populations expanded over 500-fold following stimulation to provide yields up to 25 × 109 cells within 8 days. T-cell yields from all donors were similar in terms of harvest numbers, viability and doubling times. Functionality (secretion of IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α) was retained in harvested T-cells upon restimulation in vitro and T-cells displayed therapeutically-relevant less-differentiated phenotypes of naïve and central memory T-cells, with low expression of exhaustion markers LAG-3 and PD-1. Conclusions The Quantum system has been successfully used to produce large quantities of functional T-cells at clinical dosing scale and within a short timeframe. This platform could have wide applicability for autologous and allogeneic cellular immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-2001-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Coeshott
- Terumo BCT, Inc., 10810 West Collins Avenue, Lakewood, CO, 80215, USA.
| | - Boah Vang
- Terumo BCT, Inc., 10810 West Collins Avenue, Lakewood, CO, 80215, USA
| | - Mark Jones
- Terumo BCT, Inc., 10810 West Collins Avenue, Lakewood, CO, 80215, USA
| | - Brian Nankervis
- Terumo BCT, Inc., 10810 West Collins Avenue, Lakewood, CO, 80215, USA
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Bieback K, Fernandez-Muñoz B, Pati S, Schäfer R. Gaps in the knowledge of human platelet lysate as a cell culture supplement for cell therapy: a joint publication from the AABB and the International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:911-924. [PMID: 31307904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is used as a growth supplement in a wide range of cell culture applications for cell-based research and therapy. However, as a xenogenic product, FBS can potentially transmit prions and adventitious viruses as well as induce undesirable immunologic reactions. In addition, the use of bovine fetuses for FBS production raises concerns as society looks for ways to replace animal testing and reduce the use of animal products for scientific purposes, in particular for the manufacture of clinical products intended for human use. Until chemically defined media are available for these purposes, human platelet lysate (hPL) has been introduced as an attractive alternative for replacing FBS as a cell culture supplement. hPL is a human product that can be produced from outdated platelets avoiding ethical, medical and animal welfare concerns. An increasing number of studies demonstrate that hPL can promote cell growth similarly or even better than FBS in specific cell types. Due to increasing interest in hPL, the AABB and the International Society of Cell Therapy (ISCT) established a joint working group to address its potential. With this article, we aim to present an overview of hPL, identifying the gaps in information on how hPL is produced and tested and the barriers to its translational use in the production of clinical-grade cell therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bieback
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Flowcore Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen gGmbH, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Beatriz Fernandez-Muñoz
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular (UPRC)/Laboratorio Andaluz de Reprogramación Celular (LARCEL), Sevilla, Spain; Iniciativa Andaluza de Terapias Avanzadas, Sevilla, Spain; IBiS, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Shibani Pati
- Blood Systems Research Institute (BSRI), Blood Systems Inc. (BSI) and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Richard Schäfer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen gGmbH, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Rojewski MT, Lotfi R, Gjerde C, Mustafa K, Veronesi E, Ahmed AB, Wiesneth M, Körper S, Sensebé L, Layrolle P, Hellem S, Schrezenmeier H. Translation of a standardized manufacturing protocol for mesenchymal stromal cells: A systematic comparison of validation and manufacturing data. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:468-482. [PMID: 30926359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many data are available on expansion protocols for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for both experimental settings and manufacturing for clinical trials. However, there is a lack of information on translation of established protocols for Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) from validation to manufacturing for clinical application. We present the validation and translation of a standardized pre-clinical protocol for isolation and expansion of MSCs for a clinical trial for reconstitution of alveolar bone. METHODS Key parameters of 22 large-scale expansions of MSCs from bone marrow (BM) for validation were compared with 11 expansions manufactured for the clinical trial "Jaw bone reconstruction using a combination of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells and biomaterial prior to dental implant placement (MAXILLO1)" aimed at reconstruction of alveolar bone. RESULTS Despite variations of the starting material, the robust protocol led to stable performance characteristics of expanded MSCs. Manufacturing of the autologous advanced therapy medicinal product MAXILLO-1-MSC was possible, requiring 21 days for each product. Transport of BM aspirates and MSCs within 24 h was guaranteed. MSCs fulfilled quality criteria requested by the national competent authority. In one case, the delivered MSCs developed a mosaic in chromosomal finding, showing no abnormality in differentiation capacity, growth behavior or surface marker expression during long-term culture. The proportion of cells with the mosaic decreased in long-term culture and cells stopped growth after 38.4 population doublings. CONCLUSIONS Clinical use of freshly prepared MSCs, manufactured according to a standardized and validated protocol, is feasible for bone regeneration, even if there was a long local distance between manufacturing center and clinical site. Several parameters, such as colony forming units fibroblasts (CFU-F), percentage of CD34+ cells, cell count of mononuclear cells (MNCs) and white blood cells (WBCs), of the BM may serve as a predictive tool for the yield of MSCs and may help to avoid unnecessary costs for MSC manufacturing due to insufficient cell expansion rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Thomas Rojewski
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessia, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ramin Lotfi
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessia, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cecilie Gjerde
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elena Veronesi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Aymen B Ahmed
- Section for Haematology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Markus Wiesneth
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessia, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sixten Körper
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessia, Ulm, Germany
| | - Luc Sensebé
- UMR5273 Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), UPS, Établissement francais du sang (EFS)-INSERM U1031, STROMAlab, Toulouse, France; Établissement francais du sang (EFS) Pyrénées-Méditeranée, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Layrolle
- Inserm U957, Laboratory for Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sølve Hellem
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessia, Ulm, Germany
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A comprehensive characterisation of large-scale expanded human bone marrow and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:99. [PMID: 30885254 PMCID: PMC6421680 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The manufacture of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) for clinical use needs to be cost effective, safe and scaled up. Current methods of expansion on tissue culture plastic are labour-intensive and involve several 'open' procedures. We have used the closed Quantum® hollow fibre bioreactor to expand four cultures each of MSCs derived from bone marrow (BM) and, for the first time, umbilical cords (UCs) and assessed extensive characterisation profiles for each, compared to parallel cultures grown on tissue culture plastic. METHODS Bone marrow aspirate was directly loaded into the Quantum®, and cells were harvested and characterised at passage (P) 0. Bone marrow cells were re-seeded into the Quantum®, harvested and further characterised at P1. UC-MSCs were isolated enzymatically and cultured once on tissue culture plastic, before loading cells into the Quantum®, harvesting and characterising at P1. Quantum®-derived cultures were phenotyped in terms of immunoprofile, tri-lineage differentiation, response to inflammatory stimulus and telomere length, as were parallel cultures expanded on tissue culture plastic. RESULTS Bone marrow cell harvests from the Quantum® were 23.1 ± 16.2 × 106 in 14 ± 2 days (P0) and 131 ± 84 × 106 BM-MSCs in 13 ± 1 days (P1), whereas UC-MSC harvests from the Quantum® were 168 ± 52 × 106 UC-MSCs after 7 ± 2 days (P1). Quantum®- and tissue culture plastic-expanded cultures at P1 adhered to criteria for MSCs in terms of cell surface markers, multipotency and plastic adherence, whereas the integrins, CD29, CD49c and CD51/61, were found to be elevated on Quantum®-expanded BM-MSCs. Rapid culture expansion in the Quantum® did not cause shortened telomeres when compared to cultures on tissue culture plastic. Immunomodulatory gene expression was variable between donors but showed that all MSCs upregulated indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO). CONCLUSIONS The results presented here demonstrate that the Quantum® can be used to expand large numbers of MSCs from bone marrow and umbilical cord tissues for next-generation large-scale manufacturing, without impacting on many of the properties that are characteristic of MSCs or potentially therapeutic. Using the Quantum®, we can obtain multiple MSC doses from a single manufacturing run to treat many patients. Together, our findings support the development of cheaper cell-based treatments.
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Soluble matrix protein is a potent modulator of mesenchymal stem cell performance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2042-2051. [PMID: 30659152 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812951116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We challenge the conventional designation of structural matrix proteins primarily as supporting scaffolds for resident cells. The extracellular matrix protein tropoelastin is classically regarded as a structural component that confers mechanical strength and resilience to tissues subject to repetitive elastic deformation. Here we describe how tropoelastin inherently induces a range of biological responses, even in cells not typically associated with elastic tissues and in a manner unexpected of typical substrate-dependent matrix proteins. We show that tropoelastin alone drives mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation and phenotypic maintenance, akin to the synergistic effects of potent growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor 1 and basic fibroblast growth factor. In addition, tropoelastin functionally surpasses these growth factors, as well as fibronectin, in allowing substantial media serum reduction without loss of proliferative potential. We further demonstrate that tropoelastin elicits strong mitogenic and cell-attractive responses, both as an immobilized substrate and as a soluble additive, via direct interactions with cell surface integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5. This duality of action converges the long-held mechanistic dichotomy between adhesive matrix proteins and soluble growth factors and uncovers the powerful, untapped potential of tropoelastin for clinical MSC expansion and therapeutic MSC recruitment. We propose that the potent, growth factor-like mitogenic and motogenic abilities of tropoelastin are biologically rooted in the need for rapid stem cell homing and proliferation during early development and/or wound repair.
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Frank ND, Jones ME, Vang B, Coeshott C. Evaluation of reagents used to coat the hollow-fiber bioreactor membrane of the Quantum® Cell Expansion System for the culture of human mesenchymal stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 96:77-85. [PMID: 30606590 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The addition of a coating reagent to promote cell adherence is necessary to prepare the membrane surface of the Quantum® Cell Expansion System hollow-fiber bioreactor for the culture of mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, the efficacy of 8 potential coating reagents has been compared in terms of the doubling times of their cell populations, cell morphology, characterization via flow cytometry, and capacity for trilineage differentiation. Human fibronectin (FN), pooled human cryoprecipitate (CPPT), and recombinant human vitronectin (VN) were successful as coating reagents, and each product has advantages in different cell culture contexts. Mesenchymal stem cells harvested from Quantum cultured with each of these 3 compounds as coating reagents all met International Society for Cellular Therapy standards for plastic adherence, surface marker expression, and successful trilineage differentiation. No significant differences were observed among the doubling times from Quantum harvests using FN, CPPT, or VN as coating reagents (P = 0.31). Coating with gelatin, human serum albumin, collagen I, poly‑l‑lysine, and poly‑d‑lysine resulted in significantly lower harvest yield; these agents are not recommended for use as coating reagents in the Quantum system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Boah Vang
- Terumo BCT®, Inc., Lakewood, CO, USA
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Tissues. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8179075. [PMID: 30402112 PMCID: PMC6196793 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8179075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and critical limb ischemia are immense public health challenges. Current pharmacotherapy and surgical approaches are insufficient to completely heal ischemic diseases and are associated with a considerable risk of adverse effects. Alternatively, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been shown to exhibit immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and paracrine secretion of bioactive factors that can attenuate inflammation and promote tissue regeneration, making them a promising cell source for ischemic disease therapy. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of ischemic diseases, discusses the potential therapeutic effects and mechanisms of hMSCs for these diseases, and provides an overview of challenges of using hMSCs clinically for treating ischemic diseases.
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Russell AL, Lefavor RC, Zubair AC. Characterization and cost-benefit analysis of automated bioreactor-expanded mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. Transfusion 2018; 58:2374-2382. [PMID: 30203447 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expanding quantities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) sufficient to treat large numbers of patients in cellular therapy and regenerative medicine clinical trials is an ongoing challenge for cell manufacturing facilities. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated options for scaling up large quantities of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) using methods that can be performed in compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). We expanded BM-MSCs from fresh marrow aspirate in αMEM supplemented with 5% human platelet lysate using both an automated cell expansion system (Quantum, Terumo BCT) and a manual flask-based method using multilayer flasks. We compared MSCs expanded using both methods and assessed their differentiation to adipogenic and osteogenic tissue, capacity to suppress T-cell proliferation, cytokines, and growth factor secretion profile and cost-effectiveness of manufacturing enough BM-MSCs to administer a single dose of 100 × 106 cells per subject in a clinical trial of 100 subjects. RESULTS We have established that large quantities of clinical-grade BM-MSCs manufactured with an automated hollow-fiber bioreactor were phenotypically (CD73, CD90, CD105) and functionally (adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation and cytokine and growth factor secretion) similar to manually expanded BM-MSCs. In addition, MSC manufacturing costs significantly less and required less time and effort when using the Quantum automated cell expansion system over the manual multilayer flasks method. CONCLUSION MSCs manufactured by an automated bioreactor are physically and functionally equivalent to the MSCs manufactured by the manual flask method and have met the standards required for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena L Russell
- Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Rebecca C Lefavor
- Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Abba C Zubair
- Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
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Bunpetch V, Wu H, Zhang S, Ouyang H. From "Bench to Bedside": Current Advancement on Large-Scale Production of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 26:1662-1673. [PMID: 28934885 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the primary cell source in cell therapy and regenerative medicine due to its extraordinary self-renewing capacity and multilineage differentiation potential. Clinical trials involving MSCs are being conducted in a range of human diseases and the number of registered cases is continuously increasing. However, a wide gap exists between the number of MSCs obtainable from the donor site and the number required for implantation to damage tissues, and also between MSC scalability and MSC phenotype stability. The clinical translation of MSCs necessitates a scalable expansion bioprocess for the biomanufacturing of therapeutically qualified cells. This review presents current achievements for expansion of MSCs. Issues involving culture condition modification, bioreactor systems, as well as microcarrier and scaffold platforms for optimal MSC systems are discussed. Most importantly, the gap between current MSC expansion and clinical application, as well as outbreak directions for the future are discussed. The present systemic review will bring new insights into future large-scale MSC expansion and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varitsara Bunpetch
- 1 Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,2 Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,3 Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Wu
- 1 Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,2 Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,3 Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- 1 Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,2 Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,3 Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- 1 Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,2 Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,3 Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,4 State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,5 Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
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Tirughana R, Metz MZ, Li Z, Hall C, Hsu D, Beltzer J, Annala AJ, Oganesyan D, Gutova M, Aboody KS. GMP Production and Scale-Up of Adherent Neural Stem Cells with a Quantum Cell Expansion System. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 10:48-56. [PMID: 29992178 PMCID: PMC6037686 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies hold great promise for a myriad of clinical applications. However, as these therapies move from phase I to phase II and III trials, there is a need to improve scale-up of adherent cells for the production of larger good manufacturing practice (GMP) cell banks. As we advanced our neural stem cell (NSC)-mediated gene therapy trials for glioma to include dose escalation and multiple treatment cycles, GMP production using cell factories (CellStacks) generated insufficient neural stem cell (NSC) yields. To increase yield, we developed an expansion method using the hollow fiber quantum cell expansion (QCE) system. Seeding of 5.2 × 107 NSCs in a single unit yielded up to 3 × 109 cells within 10 days. These QCE NSCs showed genetic and functional stability equivalent to those expanded by conventional flask-based methods. We then expanded the NSCs in 7 units simultaneously to generate a pooled GMP-grade NSC clinical lot of more than 1.5 × 1010 cells in only 9 days versus 8 × 109 over 6 weeks in CellStacks. We also adenovirally transduced our NSCs within the QCE. We found the QCE system enabled rapid cell expansion and increased yield while maintaining cell properties and reducing process time, labor, and costs with improved efficiency and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathiswari Tirughana
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Marianne Z Metz
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Zhongqi Li
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Christine Hall
- Center for Biomedicine and Genetics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - David Hsu
- Center for Biomedicine and Genetics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Alexander J Annala
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Diana Oganesyan
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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Haack-Sørensen M, Juhl M, Follin B, Harary Søndergaard R, Kirchhoff M, Kastrup J, Ekblond A. Development of large-scale manufacturing of adipose-derived stromal cells for clinical applications using bioreactors and human platelet lysate. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2018; 78:293-300. [PMID: 29661028 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2018.1462082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In vitro expanded adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are a useful resource for tissue regeneration. Translation of small-scale autologous cell production into a large-scale, allogeneic production process for clinical applications necessitates well-chosen raw materials and cell culture platform. We compare the use of clinical-grade human platelet lysate (hPL) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) as growth supplements for ASC expansion in the automated, closed hollow fibre quantum cell expansion system (bioreactor). Stromal vascular fractions were isolated from human subcutaneous abdominal fat. In average, 95 × 106 cells were suspended in 10% FBS or 5% hPL medium, and loaded into a bioreactor coated with cryoprecipitate. ASCs (P0) were harvested, and 30 × 106 ASCs were reloaded for continued expansion (P1). Feeding rate and time of harvest was guided by metabolic monitoring. Viability, sterility, purity, differentiation capacity, and genomic stability of ASCs P1 were determined. Cultivation of SVF in hPL medium for in average nine days, yielded 546 × 106 ASCs compared to 111 × 106 ASCs, after 17 days in FBS medium. ASCs P1 yields were in average 605 × 106 ASCs (PD [population doublings]: 4.65) after six days in hPL medium, compared to 119 × 106 ASCs (PD: 2.45) in FBS medium, after 21 days. ASCs fulfilled ISCT criteria and demonstrated genomic stability and sterility. The use of hPL as a growth supplement for ASCs expansion in the quantum cell expansion system provides an efficient expansion process compared to the use of FBS, while maintaining cell quality appropriate for clinical use. The described process is an obvious choice for manufacturing of large-scale allogeneic ASC products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Haack-Sørensen
- a Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Morten Juhl
- a Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Bjarke Follin
- a Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Rebekka Harary Søndergaard
- a Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Maria Kirchhoff
- b Department of Clinical Genetics , Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jens Kastrup
- a Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Annette Ekblond
- a Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
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