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Yu YQ, Wang H. Imbalance of Th1 and Th2 Cytokines and Stem Cell Therapy in Pathological Pain. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:88-101. [PMID: 36573059 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666221226145828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiological importance of T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cell cytokines in pathological pain has been highly debated in recent decades. However, the analgesic strategy targeting individual cytokines still has a long way to go for clinical application. In this review, we focus on the contributions of Th1 cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13) in rodent pain models and human pain-related diseases. A large number of studies have shown that Th1 and Th2 cytokines have opposing effects on pain modulation. The imbalance of Th1 and Th2 cytokines might determine the final effect of pain generation or inhibition. However, increasing evidence indicates that targeting the individual cytokine is not sufficient for the treatment of pathological pain. It is practical to suggest a promising therapeutic strategy against the combined effects of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. We summarize the current advances in stem cell therapy for pain-related diseases. Preclinical and clinical studies show that stem cells inhibit proinflammatory cytokines and release enormous Th2 cytokines that exhibit a strong analgesic effect. Therefore, a shift of the imbalance of Th1 and Th2 cytokines induced by stem cells will provide a novel therapeutic strategy against intractable pain. It is extremely important to reveal the cellular and molecular mechanisms of stem cell-mediated analgesia. The efficiency and safety of stem cell therapy should be carefully evaluated in animal models and patients with pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Qing Yu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
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2
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Liu JP, Wang JL, Hu BE, Zou FL, Wu CL, Shen J, Zhang WJ. Olfactory ensheathing cells and neuropathic pain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1147242. [PMID: 37223000 PMCID: PMC10201020 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1147242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to the nervous system can lead to functional impairment, including sensory and motor functions. Importantly, neuropathic pain (NPP) can be induced after nerve injury, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Therefore, the repair of nerve damage and the treatment of pain are particularly important. However, the current treatment of NPP is very weak, which promotes researchers to find new methods and directions for treatment. Recently, cell transplantation technology has received great attention and has become a hot spot for the treatment of nerve injury and pain. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are a kind of glial cells with the characteristics of lifelong survival in the nervous system and continuous division and renewal. They also secrete a variety of neurotrophic factors, bridge the fibers at both ends of the injured nerve, change the local injury microenvironment, and promote axon regeneration and other biological functions. Different studies have revealed that the transplantation of OECs can repair damaged nerves and exert analgesic effect. Some progress has been made in the effect of OECs transplantation in inhibiting NPP. Therefore, in this paper, we provided a comprehensive overview of the biology of OECs, described the possible pathogenesis of NPP. Moreover, we discussed on the therapeutic effect of OECs transplantation on central nervous system injury and NPP, and prospected some possible problems of OECs transplantation as pain treatment. To provide some valuable information for the treatment of pain by OECs transplantation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-peng Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jia-ling Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bai-er Hu
- Department of Physical Examination, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fei-long Zou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chang-lei Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen-jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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3
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Yin Q, Zou T, Sun S, Yang D. Cell therapy for neuropathic pain. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1119223. [PMID: 36923653 PMCID: PMC10008860 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1119223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by a lesion or a condition that affects the somatosensory system. Pathophysiologically, NP can be ascribed to peripheral and central sensitization, implicating a wide range of molecular pathways. Current pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches are not very efficacious, with over half of NP patients failing to attain adequate pain relief. So far, pharmacological and surgical treatments have focused primarily on symptomatic relief by modulating pain transduction and transmission, without treating the underlying pathophysiology. Currently, researchers are trying to use cell therapy as a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of NP. In fact, mounting pre-clinical and clinical studies showed that the cell transplantation-based therapy for NP yielded some encouraging results. In this review, we summarized the use of cell grafts for the treatment of NP caused by nerve injury, synthesized the latest advances and adverse effects, discussed the possible mechanisms to inform pain physicians and neurologists who are endeavoring to develop cell transplant-based therapies for NP and put them into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- QingHua Yin
- Department of Pain, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - TianHao Zou
- Department of Pain, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - ShuJun Sun
- Department of Pain, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Pain, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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4
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Feuser PE, Cardoso MDM, Galvani NC, Zaccaron RP, Venturini LM, Rigo FK, Machado-de-Ávila RA, Silveira PCL, Sayer C, Hermes de Araújo PH. Evaluation of the in vivo acute toxicity of poly(thioether-ester) and superparamagnetic poly(thioether-ester) nanoparticles obtained by thiol-ene miniemulsion polymerization. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:702-711. [PMID: 34619018 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(thioether-ester) (PTEe) nanoparticles obtained by thiol-ene polymerization have received attention of many researchers due to several advantages, including, biocompatibility and biodegradability. The search for new nanomaterials requires toxicity studies to assess potential toxic effects of their administration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo acute toxicity of PTEe and poly(thioether-ester)-coated magnetic nanoparticles prepared by thiol-ene polymerization in miniemulsion. These nanoparticles presented a mean size of approximately 120 nm, spherical morphology, and negative surface charge. Doses of 40 mg/kg were administered intraperitoneally to Swiss mice and nociceptive, behavioral and biochemical parameters were investigated in five different organs. None of the nanoparticles led to any alterations in the nociceptive and behavioral responses. Biochemical alterations were observed in liver, decreasing the sulfhydryl and glutathione (GSH) levels, suggesting the dependence of the GSH metabolism in the elimination of the nanoparticles. In general, both nanoparticle types did not cause disturbances in biochemical parameters analyzed in others organs. These results suggest that both nanoparticle types did not induce acute toxicity to the different organs evaluated, reinforcing the biocompatibility of PTEe nanoparticles synthetized by thiol-ene polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Emilio Feuser
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Melo Cardoso
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Coral Galvani
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Rubya Pereira Zaccaron
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ligia Milanez Venturini
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Flavia Karine Rigo
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Cesar Lock Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Claudia Sayer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
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Asgharzade S, Talaei A, Farkhondeh T, Forouzanfar F. A Review on Stem Cell Therapy for Neuropathic Pain. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 15:349-361. [PMID: 32056531 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200214112908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a complex, chronic pain state that is heterogeneous in nature and caused by the consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system. Current medications give a long-lasting pain relief only in a limited percentage of patients also associated with numerous side effects. Stem cell transplantation is one of the attractive therapeutic platforms for the treatment of a variety of diseases, such as neuropathic pain. Here, the authors review the therapeutic effects of stem cell transplantation of different origin and species in different models of neuropathic pain disorders. Stem cell transplantation could alleviate the neuropathic pain; indeed, stem cells are the source of cells, which differentiate into a variety of cell types and lead trophic factors to migrate to the lesion site opposing the effects of damage. In conclusion, this review suggests that stem cell therapy can be a novel approach for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Asgharzade
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Andisheh Talaei
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Oliveira ALL, Santos GGL, Espirito-Santo RF, Silva GSA, Evangelista AF, Silva DN, Soares MBP, Villarreal CF. Reestablishment of Redox Homeostasis in the Nociceptive Primary Afferent as a Mechanism of Antinociception Promoted by Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Oxaliplatin-Induced Chronic Peripheral Neuropathy. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8815206. [PMID: 33505472 PMCID: PMC7808808 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8815206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Painful neuropathy is a common adverse effect of oxaliplatin (OXL), a platinum-derivative chemotherapeutic agent. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are key factors contributing to the development of OXL-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN). Based on the antioxidant and antinociceptive properties of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC), the present study tested the hypothesis that MSC induce antinociceptive effects during OIPN by promoting regulation of redox environment and mitochondrial homeostasis in the nociceptive primary afferents. C57Bl/6 mice submitted to the OXL-chronic neuropathy induction protocol by repeated intravenous administration of OXL (1 mg/kg) were evaluated to determine the paw mechanical and thermal nociceptive thresholds using the von Frey filaments and cold plate tests, respectively. Two weeks after the neuropathy induction, mice were treated with bone marrow-derived MSC (1 × 106), vehicle, or gabapentin (GBP, 70 mg/kg). Four weeks later, mitochondrial morphology, gene expression profile, and oxidative stress markers in the sciatic nerve and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, RT-qPCR, and biochemical assays, respectively. OXL-treated mice presented behavioral signs of sensory neuropathy, such as mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. The behavioral painful neuropathy was completely reverted by a single administration of MSC, while the daily treatment with GBP induced only a short-lived antinociceptive effect. The ultrastructural analysis of the sciatic nerve and DRG of OIPN mice revealed a high proportion of atypical mitochondria in both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. Importantly, this mitochondrial atypia was strongly reduced in MSC-treated neuropathic mice. Moreover, MSC-treated neuropathic mice showed upregulation of Sod and Nrf2 mRNA in the sciatic nerve and DRG. In line with this result, MSC reduced markers of nitrosative stress and lipid peroxidation in the sciatic nerve and DRG from OIPN mice. Our data suggest that the reestablishment of redox homeostasis in the nociceptive primary afferents is a mechanism by which MSC transplantation reverts the OXL-induced chronic painful neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniela N. Silva
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Advanced Health Systems (ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, 41650-010, Brazil
| | - Milena B. P. Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 40296-710, Brazil
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Advanced Health Systems (ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, 41650-010, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine (INCT-REGENERA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Flora Villarreal
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 40296-710, Brazil
- College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, 40170-290, Brazil
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Stem Cells in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain: Research Progress of Mechanism. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8861251. [PMID: 33456473 PMCID: PMC7785341 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8861251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is pain caused by somatosensory nervous system injury or disease. Its prominent symptoms are spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia, and the sense of pain is extremely strong. Owing to the complex mechanism, conventional painkillers lack effectiveness. Recently, research on the treatment of NP by stem cells is increasing and promising results have been achieved in preclinical research. In this review, we briefly introduce the neuropathic pain, the current treatment strategy, and the development of stem cell therapy, and we collected the experimental and clinical trial articles of many kinds of stem cells in the treatment of neuropathic pain from the past ten years. We analyzed and summarized the general efficacy and mechanism of stem cells in the treatment of neuropathic pain. We found that the multiple-mechanism approach was different from the single mechanism of routine clinical drugs; stem cells play a role in peripheral mechanism, central mechanism, and disinhibition of spinal cord level that lead to neuropathic pain, so they are more effective in analgesia and treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Mesenchymal stem cells reduce the oxaliplatin-induced sensory neuropathy through the reestablishment of redox homeostasis in the spinal cord. Life Sci 2020; 265:118755. [PMID: 33189826 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study was designed to investigate whether the antinociceptive effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) during oxaliplatin (OXL)-induced sensory neuropathy is related to antioxidant properties. MAIN METHODS Male mice C57BL/6 were submitted to repeated intravenous administration of OXL (1 mg/kg, 9 administrations). After the establishment of sensory neuropathy, mice were treated with a single intravenous administration of MSC (1 × 106), vehicle or gabapentin. Paw mechanical and thermal nociceptive thresholds were evaluated through von Frey filaments and cold plate test, respectively. Motor performance was evaluated in the rota-rod test. Gene expression profile, cytokine levels, and oxidative stress markers in the spinal cord were evaluated by real-time PCR, ELISA and biochemical assays, respectively. KEY FINDINGS OXL-treated mice presented behavioral signs of sensory neuropathy, such as mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, which were completely reverted by a single administration of MSC. Repeated oral treatment with gabapentin (70 mg/kg) induced only transient antinociception. The IL-1β and TNF-α spinal levels did not differ between mice with or without sensory neuropathy. MSC increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β, in the spinal cord of neuropathic mice, in addition to increasing the gene expression of antioxidant factors SOD and Nrf-2. Additionally, nitrite and MDA spinal levels were reduced by the MSC treatment. SIGNIFICANCE MSC induce reversion of sensory neuropathy induced by OXL possibly by activation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways, leading to reestablishment of redox homeostasis in the spinal cord.
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Tian F, Cheng W, Hu J, Huang S, Sun S. Effects of botulinum toxin A on endometriosis‑associated pain and its related mechanism. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4351-4359. [PMID: 33000241 PMCID: PMC7533527 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis (EMS) is a common disease in women aged 25–45 years, and pain is the main clinical symptom. The primary clinical treatment is surgical excision and drug therapy targeting the ectopic lesions, but these have not been very effective. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BTX-A) has been reported to be useful in the treatment of pain in a variety of diseases. Based on this, the aim of the present study was to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of BTX-A on EMS. A model of nerve injury induced by oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) was constructed in PC12 cells and EMS mice. Model cells and mice were treated with different concentrations of BTX-A to observe the changes in pain behavior, to detect cell viability and the secretion of norepinephrine (NE) and methionine enkephalin (M-EK) in cells and the spinal cord, and to evaluate the expression of apoptosis-related molecules in spinal cord nerves. The results revealed that BTX-A significantly reduced the amount of writhing in model mice, enhanced the activity of PC12 OGD cells, increased the secretion of NE and M-EK in model cells and the spinal cord of mice, and decreased the apoptosis of neural cells in the spinal cord of the model mice. Therefore, it was hypothesized that BTX-A may alleviate the pain induced by EMS by increasing the secretion of analgesic substances and promoting the repair of nerve injury. The present study provided a theoretical basis for the treatment of pain induced by EMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubo Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Wuzhong Cheng
- Massage Department, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Jianying Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Shaoqiang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Shen Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
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Rigo FK, Rossato MF, Borges V, da Silva JF, Pereira EMR, de Ávila RAM, Trevisan G, Dos Santos DC, Diniz DM, Silva MAR, de Castro CJ, Cunha TM, Ferreira J, Gomez MV. Analgesic and side effects of intravenous recombinant Phα1β. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020; 26:e20190070. [PMID: 32362927 PMCID: PMC7179342 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2019-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intrathecal injection of voltage-sensitive calcium channel blocker peptide toxins exerts analgesic effect in several animal models of pain. Upon intrathecal administration, recombinant Phα1β exerts the same analgesic effects as the those of the native toxin. However, from a clinical perspective, the intrathecal administration limits the use of anesthetic drugs in patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the possible antinociceptive effect of intravenous recombinant Phα1β in rat models of neuropathic pain, as well as its side effects on motor, cardiac (heart rate and blood pressure), and biochemical parameters. Methods Male Wistar rats and male Balb-C mice were used in this study. Giotto Biotech® synthesized the recombinant version of Phα1β using Escherichia coli expression. In rats, neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve and paclitaxel-induced acute and chronic pain. Mechanical sensitivity was evaluated using von Frey filaments. A radiotelemeter transmitter (TA11PA-C10; Data Sciences, St. Paul, MN, USA) was placed on the left carotid of mice for investigation of cardiovascular side effects. Locomotor activity data were evaluated using the open-field paradigm, and serum CKMB, TGO, TGP, LDH, lactate, creatinine, and urea levels were examined. Results Intravenous administration of recombinant Phα1β toxin induced analgesia for up to 4 h, with ED50 of 0.02 (0.01-0.03) mg/kg, and reached the maximal effect (Emax = 100% antinociception) at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg. No significant changes were observed in any of the evaluated motor, cardiac or biochemical parameters. Conclusion Our data suggest that intravenous administration of recombinant Phα1β may be feasible for drug-induced analgesia, without causing any severe side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Karine Rigo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Mateus Fortes Rossato
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Borges
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Figueira da Silva
- Institute of Education and Research of Santa Casa Belo Horizonte, Santa Casa of Belo Horizonte Group, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Elizete Maria Rita Pereira
- Institute of Education and Research of Santa Casa Belo Horizonte, Santa Casa of Belo Horizonte Group, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Duana Carvalho Dos Santos
- Institute of Education and Research of Santa Casa Belo Horizonte, Santa Casa of Belo Horizonte Group, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Danuza Montijo Diniz
- Institute of Education and Research of Santa Casa Belo Horizonte, Santa Casa of Belo Horizonte Group, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Romano Silva
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Célio José de Castro
- Institute of Education and Research of Santa Casa Belo Horizonte, Santa Casa of Belo Horizonte Group, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Gomez
- Institute of Education and Research of Santa Casa Belo Horizonte, Santa Casa of Belo Horizonte Group, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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11
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Effect of olfactory ensheathing cells combined with chitosan on inhibition of P2×4 receptor over-expression-mediated neuropathic pain. Neurosci Lett 2020; 722:134859. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Al-Massri KF, Ahmed LA, El-Abhar HS. Mesenchymal stem cells in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A new challenging approach that requires further investigations. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 14:108-122. [PMID: 31677248 DOI: 10.1002/term.2972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs may disrupt the nervous system and cause chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) as side effects. There are no completely successful medications for the prevention or treatment of CIPN. Many drugs such as tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants have been used for symptomatic treatment of CIPN. Unfortunately, these drugs often give only partial relief or have dose-limiting side effects. Thus, the treatment of CIPN becomes a challenge because of failure to regenerate and repair the injured neurons. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a new attractive approach for CIPN. Evidence has demonstrated that MSCs play important roles in reducing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis, as well as mediating axon regeneration after nerve damage in several experimental studies and some clinical trials. We will briefly review the pathogenesis of CIPN, traditional therapies used and their drawbacks as well as therapeutic effects of MSCs, their related mechanisms, future challenges for their clinical application, and the additional benefit of their combination with pharmacological agents. MSCs-based therapies may provide a new therapeutic strategy for patients suffering from CIPN where further investigations are required for studying their exact mechanisms. Combined therapy with pharmacological agents can provide another promising option for enhancing MSC therapy success while limiting its adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled F Al-Massri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Palestine, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Evangelista AF, Vannier-Santos MA, de Assis Silva GS, Silva DN, Juiz PJL, Nonaka CKV, Dos Santos RR, Soares MBP, Villarreal CF. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells reverse the sensorial diabetic neuropathy via modulation of spinal neuroinflammatory cascades. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:189. [PMID: 29933760 PMCID: PMC6015468 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a frequent and debilitating manifestation of diabetes mellitus, to which there are no effective therapeutic approaches. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) have a great potential for the treatment of this syndrome, possibly through regenerative actions on peripheral nerves. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of MSC on spinal neuroinflammation, as well as on ultrastructural aspects of the peripheral nerve in DN-associated sensorial dysfunction. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were treated with bone marrow-derived MSC (1 × 106), conditioned medium from MSC cultures (CM-MSC) or vehicle by endovenous route following the onset of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Paw mechanical and thermal nociceptive thresholds were evaluated by using von Frey filaments and Hargreaves test, respectively. Morphological and morphometric analysis of the sciatic nerve was performed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Mediators and markers of neuroinflammation in the spinal cord were measured by radioimmunoassay, real-time PCR, and immunofluorescence analyses. RESULTS Diabetic mice presented behavioral signs of sensory neuropathy, mechanical allodynia, and heat hypoalgesia, which were completely reversed by a single administration of MSC or CM-MSC. The ultrastructural analysis of the sciatic nerve showed that diabetic mice exhibited morphological and morphometric alterations, considered hallmarks of DN, such as degenerative changes in axons and myelin sheath, and reduced area and density of unmyelinated fibers. In MSC-treated mice, these structural alterations were markedly less commonly observed and/or less pronounced. Moreover, MSC transplantation inhibited multiple parameters of spinal neuroinflammation found in diabetic mice, causing the reduction of activated astrocytes and microglia, oxidative stress signals, galectin-3, IL-1β, and TNF-α production. Conversely, MSC increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10, and TGF-β. CONCLUSIONS The present study described the modulatory effects of MSC on spinal cord neuroinflammation in diabetic mice, suggesting new mechanisms by which MSC can improve DN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniela Nascimento Silva
- Center of Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, BA, CEP 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Paulo José Lima Juiz
- Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, Feira de Santana, BA, CEP 44042-280, Brazil
| | | | | | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA, CEP 40296-710, Brazil.,Center of Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, BA, CEP 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Flora Villarreal
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA, CEP 40296-710, Brazil. .,Pharmacy College, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, CEP 40170-290, Brazil.
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Conditioned Medium of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as a Therapeutic Approach to Neuropathic Pain: A Preclinical Evaluation. Stem Cells Int 2018. [PMID: 29535781 PMCID: PMC5831939 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8179013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a type of chronic pain caused by injury or dysfunction of the nervous system, without effective therapeutic approaches. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), through their paracrine action, have great potential in the treatment of this syndrome. In the present study, the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived conditioned medium (CM) was investigated in a mouse model of neuropathic pain induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSL). PSL mice were treated by endovenous route with bone marrow-derived MSCs (1 × 106), CM, or vehicle. Gabapentin was the reference drug. Twelve hours after administration, neuropathic mice treated with CM exhibited an antinociceptive effect that was maintained throughout the evaluation period. MSCs also induced nonreversed antinociception, while gabapentin induced short-lasting antinociception. The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were reduced, while IL-10 was enhanced on sciatic nerve and spinal cord by treatment with CM and MSCs. Preliminary analysis of the CM secretome revealed the presence of growth factors and cytokines likely involved in the antinociception. In conclusion, the CM, similar to injection of live cells, produces a powerful and long-lasting antinociceptive effect on neuropathic pain, which is related with modulatory properties on peripheral and central levels of cytokines involved with the maintenance of this syndrome.
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15
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Xie J, Xiao D, Xu Y, Zhao J, Jiang L, Hu X, Zhang Y, Yu L. Up-regulation of immunomodulatory effects of mouse bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells by tetrahydrocannabinol pre-treatment involving cannabinoid receptor CB2. Oncotarget 2016; 7:6436-47. [PMID: 26824325 PMCID: PMC4872725 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is commonly and closely correlated with inflammation. Both cannabinoid signaling and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to reduce inflammatory pain. Although cannabinoid signaling is essential for mesenchymal stem cell survival and differentiation, little is known about its role in modulatory effect of MSCs on inflammation and pain sensitivity. Here we showed that mouse bone-marrow derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) expressed both cannabinoid receptor type 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2). CB2 expression level in BM-MSCs increased with their maturation. In addition, we found that tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) activated CB2 receptor and ERK signaling, consequently enhancing the modulation of MSCs on inflammation-associated cytokine release from lipopolysaccharides-stimulated microglia. Consistent with in vitro data, THC pretreatment enhanced the immunomodulatory effects of BM-MSC on thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in chronic constriction injury model, by decreasing the release of pro-inflammation cytokines. Our study revealed the crucial role of THC in promoting the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs and proposed a new strategy to alleviate pain based on stem cells therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junran Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongju Xiao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinning Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuming Hu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Yu H, Fischer G, Ebert AD, Wu HE, Bai X, Hogan QH. Analgesia for neuropathic pain by dorsal root ganglion transplantation of genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells: initial results. Mol Pain 2015; 11:5. [PMID: 25888914 PMCID: PMC4331376 DOI: 10.1186/s12990-015-0002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cell-based therapy may hold promise for treatment of chronic pain. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are readily available and robust, and their secretion of therapeutic peptides can be enhanced by genetically engineering. We explored the analgesic potential of transplanting bone marrow-derived MSCs that have been transduced with lentivectors. To optimize efficacy and safety, primary sensory neurons were targeted by MSC injection into the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). Results MSCs were transduced using lentivectors to express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or to co-express the analgesic peptide glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and EGFP by a viral 2A bicistronic transgene cassette. Engineered MSCs were injected into the 4th lumbar (L4) and L5 DRGs of adult allogeneic rats to evaluate survival in the DRGs. MSCs were detected by immunofluorescence staining up to 2–3 weeks after injection, distributed in the extracellular matrix space without disrupting satellite glial cell apposition to sensory neurons, suggesting well-tolerated integration of engrafted MSCs into DRG tissue. To examine their potential for inhibiting development of neuropathic pain, MSCs were injected into the L4 and L5 DRGs ipsilateral to a spinal nerve ligation injury. Animals injected with GDNF-engineered MSCs showed moderate but significant reduction in mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia compared to controls implanted with MSCs expressing EGFP alone. We also observed diminished long-term survival of allografted MSCs at 3 weeks, and the development of a highly-proliferating population of MSCs in 12% of DRGs after transplantation. Conclusions These data indicate that genetically modified MSCs secreting analgesic peptides could potentially be developed as a novel DRG-targeted cell therapy for treating neuropathic pain. However, further work is needed to address the challenges of MSC survival and excess proliferation, possibly with trials of autologous MSCs, evaluation of clonally selected populations of MSCs, and investigation of regulation of MSC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Gregory Fischer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Allison D Ebert
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Hsiang-En Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Xiaowen Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Quinn H Hogan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. .,Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 5000 W National Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA.
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Stem cell treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:19226-38. [PMID: 25342318 PMCID: PMC4227270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151019226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and neurodegenerative disorder that induces dementia in older people. It was first reported in 1907 by Alois Alzheimer, who characterized the disease as causing memory loss and cognitive impairment. Pathologic characteristics of AD are β-amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neurodegeneration. Current therapies only target the relief of symptoms using various drugs, and do not cure the disease. Recently, stem cell therapy has been shown to be a potential approach to various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, and in this review, we focus on stem cell therapies for AD.
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