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Jeon J, Park SH, Choi J, Han SM, Kim HW, Shim SR, Hyun JK. Association between neural stem/progenitor cells and biomaterials in spinal cord injury therapies: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Acta Biomater 2024; 183:50-60. [PMID: 38871200 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with substantial healthcare challenges, frequently resulting in enduring sensory and motor deficits alongside various chronic complications. While advanced regenerative therapies have shown promise in preclinical research, their translation into clinical application has been limited. In response, this study utilized a comprehensive network meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) transplantation across animal models of SCI. We analyzed 363 outcomes from 55 distinct studies, categorizing the treatments into NSPCs alone (cell only), NSPCs with scaffolds (cell + scaffold), NSPCs with hydrogels (cell + hydrogel), standalone scaffolds (scaffold), standalone hydrogels (hydrogel), and control groups. Our analysis demonstrated significant enhancements in motor recovery, especially in gait function, within the NSPC treatment groups. Notably, the cell only group showed considerable improvements (standardized mean difference [SMD], 2.05; 95 % credible interval [CrI]: 1.08 to 3.10, p < 0.01), as did the cell + scaffold group (SMD, 3.73; 95 % CrI: 2.26 to 5.22, p < 0.001) and the cell + hydrogel group (SMD, 3.37; 95 % CrI: 1.02 to 5.78, p < 0.05) compared to controls. These therapeutic combinations not only reduced lesion cavity size but also enhanced neuronal regeneration, outperforming the cell only treatments. By integrating NSPCs with supportive biomaterials, our findings pave the way for refining these regenerative strategies to optimize their potential in clinical SCI treatment. Although there is no overall violation of consistency, the comparison of effect sizes between individual treatments should be interpreted in light of the inconsistency. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study presents a comprehensive network meta-analysis exploring the efficacy of neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation, with and without biomaterials, in animal models of spinal cord injury (SCI). We demonstrate that NSCs, particularly when combined with biomaterials like scaffolds or hydrogels, significantly enhance motor and histological recovery post-SCI. These findings underscore the potential of NSC-based therapies, augmented with biomaterials, to advance SCI treatment, offering new insights into regenerative strategies that could significantly impact clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooik Jeon
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jonghyuk Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Han
- Medical record team, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ryul Shim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Keun Hyun
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Wiregene, Co. Ltd., Osong 28160, Republic of Korea; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Sintakova K, Romanyuk N. The role of small extracellular vesicles and microRNA as their cargo in the spinal cord injury pathophysiology and therapy. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1400413. [PMID: 38774785 PMCID: PMC11106386 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1400413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition with a complex pathology that affects a significant portion of the population and causes long-term consequences. After primary injury, an inflammatory cascade of secondary injury occurs, followed by neuronal cell death and glial scar formation. Together with the limited regenerative capacity of the central nervous system, these are the main reasons for the poor prognosis after SCI. Despite recent advances, there is still no effective treatment. Promising therapeutic approaches include stem cells transplantation, which has demonstrated neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects in SCI. This positive effect is thought to be mediated by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs); membrane-bound nanovesicles involved in intercellular communication through transport of functional proteins and RNA molecules. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about sEVs and microRNA as their cargo as one of the most promising therapeutic approaches for the treatment of SCI. We provide a comprehensive overview of their role in SCI pathophysiology, neuroprotective potential and therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Sintakova
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Neuroscience, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nataliya Romanyuk
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Huang HY, Xiong MJ, Pu FQ, Liao JX, Zhu FQ, Zhang WJ. Application and challenges of olfactory ensheathing cells in clinical trials of spinal cord injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 963:176238. [PMID: 38072039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to severe motor, sensory and autonomic nervous dysfunction, cause serious psychosomatic injury to patients. There is no effective treatment for SCI at present. In recent years, exciting evidence has been obtained in the application of cell-based therapy in basic research. These studies have revealed the fact that cells transplanted into the host can exert the pharmacological properties of treating and repairing SCI. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are a kind of special glial cells. The application value of OECs in the study of SCI lies in their unique biological characteristics, that is, they can survive and renew for life, give full play to neuroprotection, immune regulation, promoting axonal regeneration and myelination formation. The function of producing secretory group and improving microenvironment. This provides an irreplaceable treatment strategy for the repair of SCI. At present, some researchers have explored the possibility of treatment of OECs in clinical trials of SCI. Although OECs transplantation shows excellent safety and effectiveness in animal models, there is still lack of sufficient evidence to prove the effectiveness of their clinical application in clinical trials. There has been an obvious stagnation in the transformation of OECs transplantation into routine clinical practice, and clinical trials of cell therapy in this field are still facing major challenges and many problems that need to be solved. Therefore, this paper summarized and analyzed the clinical trials of OECs transplantation in the treatment of SCI, and discussed the problems and challenges of OECs transplantation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
| | - Mei-Juan Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
| | - Fan-Qing Pu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
| | - Jun-Xiang Liao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
| | - Fu-Qi Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China.
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Skidmore S, Barker RA. Challenges in the clinical advancement of cell therapies for Parkinson's disease. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:370-386. [PMID: 36635420 PMCID: PMC7615223 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapies as potential treatments for Parkinson's disease first gained traction in the 1980s, owing to the clinical success of trials that used transplants of foetal midbrain dopaminergic tissue. However, the poor standardization of the tissue for grafting, and constraints on its availability and ethical use, have hindered this treatment strategy. Recent advances in stem-cell technologies and in the understanding of the development of dopaminergic neurons have enabled preclinical advancements of promising stem-cell therapies. To move these therapies to the clinic, appropriate levels of safety screening, as well as optimization of the cell products and the scalability of their manufacturing, will be required. In this Review, we discuss how challenges pertaining to cell sources, functional and safety testing, manufacturing and storage, and clinical-trial design are being addressed to advance the translational and clinical development of cell therapies for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Skidmore
- Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roger A Barker
- Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, For vie Site, Cambridge, UK.
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Transplanting neurofibromatosis-1 gene knockout neural stem cells improve functional recovery in rats with spinal cord injury by enhancing the mTORC2 pathway. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1766-1777. [PMID: 36241865 PMCID: PMC9636387 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor survival and low efficiency of neuronal differentiation limits the therapeutic effects of transplanted neural stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury. Neurofibromatosis-1 (NF-1) is a tumor suppressor gene that restricts the rapid and abnormal growth and differentiation of neural cells. In the present study, lentiviral vectors were used to knock out NF-1, Ricotr (the core member of mTORC2) or NF-1+Ricotr in neural stem cells in vitro, and the NF-1, Ricotr or NF-1+Ricotr knockout neural stem cells were transplanted at the lesion site in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI). We first demonstrated that targeted knockout of NF-1 had an antiapoptotic effect and improved neuronal differentiation by enhancing the mTORC2/Rictor pathway of neural stem cells in vitro. Subsequently, transplanting NF-1 knockout neural stem cells into the injured site sufficiently promoted the tissue repair and functional recovery of rats with spinal cord injury by enhancing the survival and neuronal differentiation of grafted neural stem cells. Collectively, these findings reveal a prominent role of NF-1 in neural stem cell biology, which is an invaluable step forward in enhancing the benefit of neural stem cell-mediated regenerative cell therapy for spinal cord injury and identifies the transplantation of NF-1 knockout neural stem cells as a promising strategy for spinal cord injury.
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The neural stem cell secretome across neurodevelopment. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114142. [PMID: 35709983 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) based therapies are at the forefront of regenerative medicine strategies to combat illness and injury of the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to their ability to produce new cells, NSCs secrete a variety of products, known collectively as the NSC secretome, that have been shown to ameliorate CNS disease pathology and promote recovery. As pre-clinical and clinical research to harness the NSC secretome for therapeutic purposes advances, a more thorough understanding of the endogenous NSC secretome can provide useful insight into the functional capabilities of NSCs. In this review, we focus on research investigating the autocrine and paracrine functions of the endogenous NSC secretome across life. Throughout development and adulthood, we find evidence that the NSC secretome is a critical component of how endogenous NSCs regulate themselves and their niche. We also find gaps in current literature, most notably in the clinically-relevant domain of endogenous NSC paracrine function in the injured CNS. Future investigations to further define the endogenous NSC secretome and its role in CNS tissue regulation are necessary to bolster our understanding of NSC-niche interactions and to aid in the generation of safe and effective NSC-based therapies.
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Willis CM, Nicaise AM, Krzak G, Ionescu RB, Pappa V, D'Angelo A, Agarwal R, Repollés-de-Dalmau M, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Pluchino S. Soluble factors influencing the neural stem cell niche in brain physiology, inflammation, and aging. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Cell transplantation to repair the injured spinal cord. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 166:79-158. [PMID: 36424097 PMCID: PMC10008620 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Martín-López M, González-Muñoz E, Gómez-González E, Sánchez-Pernaute R, Márquez-Rivas J, Fernández-Muñoz B. Modeling chronic cervical spinal cord injury in aged rats for cell therapy studies. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 94:76-85. [PMID: 34863466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With an expanding elderly population, an increasing number of older adults will experience spinal cord injury (SCI) and might be candidates for cell-based therapies, yet there is a paucity of research in this age group. The objective of the present study was to analyze how aged rats tolerate behavioral testing, surgical procedures, post-operative complications, intra-spinal cell transplantation and immunosuppression, and to examine the effectiveness of human iPSC-derived Neural Progenitor Cells (IMR90-hiPSC-NPCs) in a model of SCI. We performed behavioral tests in rats before and after inducing cervical hemi-contusions at C4 level with a fourth-generation Ohio State University Injury Device. Four weeks later, we injected IMR90-hiPSC-NPCs in animals that were immunosuppressed by daily cyclosporine injection. Four weeks after injection we analyzed locomotor behavior and mortality, and histologically assessed the survival of transplanted human NPCs. As rats aged, their success at completing behavioral tests decreased. In addition, we observed high mortality rates during behavioral training (41.2%), after cervical injury (63.2%) and after cell injection (50%). Histological analysis revealed that injected cells survived and remained at and around the grafted site and did not cause tumors. No locomotor improvement was observed in animals four weeks after IMR90-hiPSC-NPC transplantation. Our results show that elderly rats are highly vulnerable to interventions, and thus large groups of animals must be initially established to study the potential efficacy of cell-based therapies in age-related chronic myelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martín-López
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación celular (UPRC), Red Andaluza de Diseño y Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RAdytTA), 41092 Sevilla, Spain; Grupo de Neurociencia Aplicada, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Sevilla (IBIS), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; Programa de Doctorado en Biología Molecular, Biomedicina e Investigación Clínica, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Elena González-Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, (CIBER-BBN), 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Emilio Gómez-González
- Grupo de Neurociencia Aplicada, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Sevilla (IBIS), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; Grupo de Física Interdisciplinar, Departamento de Física Aplicada III, ETS Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Rosario Sánchez-Pernaute
- Unidad de Coordinación, Red Andaluza de Diseño y Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RAdytTA), 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Javier Márquez-Rivas
- Grupo de Neurociencia Aplicada, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Sevilla (IBIS), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Muñoz
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación celular (UPRC), Red Andaluza de Diseño y Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RAdytTA), 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
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Development of 3D culture scaffolds for directional neuronal growth using 2-photon lithography. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112502. [PMID: 34857288 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Conventional applications of transplant technology, applied to severe traumatic injuries of the nervous system, have met limited success in the clinics due to the complexity of restoring function to the damaged tissue. Neural tissue engineering aims to deploy scaffolds mimicking the physiological properties of the extracellular matrix to facilitate the elongation of axons and the repair of damaged nerves. However, the fabrication of ideal scaffolds with precisely controlled thickness, texture, porosity, alignment, and with the required mechanical strength, features needed for effective clinical applications, remains technically challenging. We took advantage of state-of-the-art 2-photon photolithography to fabricate highly ordered and biocompatible 3D nanogrid structures to enhance neuronal directional growth. First, we characterized the physical and chemical properties and proved the biocompatibility of said scaffolds by successfully culturing primary sensory and motor neurons on their surface. Interestingly, axons extended along the fibers with a high degree of alignment to the pattern of the nanogrid, as opposed to the lack of directionality observed on flat glass or polymeric surfaces, and could grow in 3D between different layers of the scaffold. The axonal growth pattern observed is highly desirable for the treatment of traumatic nerve damage occurring during peripheral and spinal cord injuries. Thus, our findings provide a proof of concept and explore the possibility of deploying aligned fibrous 3D scaffold/implants for the directed growth of axons, and could be used in the design of scaffolds targeted towards the restoration and repair of lost neuronal connections.
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Martin-Lopez M, Fernandez-Muñoz B, Canovas S. Pluripotent Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury Repair. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123334. [PMID: 34943842 PMCID: PMC8699436 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition of the central nervous system that strongly reduces the patient’s quality of life and has large financial costs for the healthcare system. Cell therapy has shown considerable therapeutic potential for SCI treatment in different animal models. Although many different cell types have been investigated with the goal of promoting repair and recovery from injury, stem cells appear to be the most promising. Here, we review the experimental approaches that have been carried out with pluripotent stem cells, a cell type that, due to its inherent plasticity, self-renewal, and differentiation potential, represents an attractive source for the development of new cell therapies for SCI. We will focus on several key observations that illustrate the potential of cell therapy for SCI, and we will attempt to draw some conclusions from the studies performed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Martin-Lopez
- Cellular Reprogramming and Production Unit, Andalusian Network for the Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.M.-L.); (S.C.)
| | - Beatriz Fernandez-Muñoz
- Cellular Reprogramming and Production Unit, Andalusian Network for the Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Sebastian Canovas
- Physiology of Reproduction Group, Physiology Department, Mare Nostrum Campus, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.-L.); (S.C.)
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Stem Cell Secretome for Spinal Cord Repair: Is It More than Just a Random Baseline Set of Factors? Cells 2021; 10:cells10113214. [PMID: 34831436 PMCID: PMC8625005 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of thousands of people suffer spinal cord injuries each year. The experimental application of stem cells following spinal cord injury has opened a new era to promote neuroprotection and neuroregeneration of damaged tissue. Currently, there is great interest in the intravenous administration of the secretome produced by mesenchymal stem cells in acute or subacute spinal cord injuries. However, it is important to highlight that undifferentiated neural stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells are able to adapt to the damaged environment and produce the so-called lesion-induced secretome. This review article focuses on current research related to the secretome and the lesion-induced secretome and their roles in modulating spinal cord injury symptoms and functional recovery, emphasizing different compositions of the lesion-induced secretome in various models of spinal cord injury.
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The Evolving Role of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Cerebral Organoids in Treating and Modeling Neurosurgical Diseases. World Neurosurg 2021; 155:171-179. [PMID: 34454068 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs), as both direct therapeutics and building blocks for 3D in vitro models, has exhibited exciting potential in both helping to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms and treating diseases relevant to neurosurgery. Transplantation of IPSCs is being studied in neurological injuries and diseases, such as spinal cord injury and Parkinson's disease, whose clinical manifestations stem from underlying neuronal and/or axonal degeneration. Both animal models and clinical trials have shown that IPSCs have the ability to regenerate damaged neural tissue. Such evidence makes IPSCs a potentially promising therapeutic modality for patients who suffer from these neurological injuries/diseases. In addition, the cerebral organoid, a 3D assembly of IPSC aggregates that develops heterogeneous brain regions, has become the first in vitro model to closely recapitulate the complexity of the brain extracellular matrix, a 3-dimensional network of molecules that structurally and biochemically support neighboring cells. Cerebral organoids have become an exciting prospect for modeling and testing drug susceptibility of brain tumors, such as glioblastoma and metastatic brain cancer. As patient-derived organoid models are becoming more faithful to the brain, they are becoming an increasingly accurate substitute for patient clinical trials; such patient-less trials would protect the patient from potentially ineffective drugs, and speed up trial results and optimize cost. In this review, we aim to describe the role of IPSCs and cerebral organoids in treating and modeling diseases that are relevant to neurosurgery.
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Cadena M, Ning L, King A, Hwang B, Jin L, Serpooshan V, Sloan SA. 3D Bioprinting of Neural Tissues. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001600. [PMID: 33200587 PMCID: PMC8711131 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human nervous system is a remarkably complex physiological network that is inherently challenging to study because of obstacles to acquiring primary samples. Animal models offer powerful alternatives to study nervous system development, diseases, and regenerative processes, however, they are unable to address some species-specific features of the human nervous system. In vitro models of the human nervous system have expanded in prevalence and sophistication, but still require further advances to better recapitulate microenvironmental and cellular features. The field of neural tissue engineering (TE) is rapidly adopting new technologies that enable scientists to precisely control in vitro culture conditions and to better model nervous system formation, function, and repair. 3D bioprinting is one of the major TE technologies that utilizes biocompatible hydrogels to create precisely patterned scaffolds, designed to enhance cellular responses. This review focuses on the applications of 3D bioprinting in the field of neural TE. Important design parameters are considered when bioprinting neural stem cells are discussed. The emergence of various bioprinted in vitro platforms are also reviewed for developmental and disease modeling and drug screening applications within the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as their use as implants for in vivo regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Cadena
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Liqun Ning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Alexia King
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Boeun Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Linqi Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Steven A. Sloan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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15
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Baklaushev VP, Durov OV, Kalsin VA, Gulaev EV, Kim SV, Gubskiy IL, Revkova VA, Samoilova EM, Melnikov PA, Karal-Ogly DD, Orlov SV, Troitskiy AV, Chekhonin VP, Averyanov AV, Ahlfors JE. Disease modifying treatment of spinal cord injury with directly reprogrammed neural precursor cells in non-human primates. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:452-469. [PMID: 34136075 PMCID: PMC8176843 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i5.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of regenerative therapy for human spinal cord injury (SCI) is dramatically restricted by two main challenges: the need for a safe source of functionally active and reproducible neural stem cells and the need of adequate animal models for preclinical testing. Direct reprogramming of somatic cells into neuronal and glial precursors might be a promising solution to the first challenge. The use of non-human primates for preclinical studies exploring new treatment paradigms in SCI results in data with more translational relevance to human SCI.
AIM To investigate the safety and efficacy of intraspinal transplantation of directly reprogrammed neural precursor cells (drNPCs).
METHODS Seven non-human primates with verified complete thoracic SCI were divided into two groups: drNPC group (n = 4) was subjected to intraspinal transplantation of 5 million drNPCs rostral and caudal to the lesion site 2 wk post injury, and lesion control (n = 3) was injected identically with the equivalent volume of vehicle.
RESULTS Follow-up for 12 wk revealed that animals in the drNPC group demonstrated a significant recovery of the paralyzed hindlimb as well as recovery of somatosensory evoked potential and motor evoked potential of injured pathways. Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging data confirmed the intraspinal transplantation of drNPCs did not adversely affect the morphology of the central nervous system or cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Subsequent immunohistochemical analysis showed that drNPCs maintained SOX2 expression characteristic of multipotency in the transplanted spinal cord for at least 12 wk, migrating to areas of axon growth cones.
CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that drNPC transplantation was safe and contributed to improvement of spinal cord function after acute SCI, based on neurological status assessment and neurophysiological recovery within 12 wk after transplantation. The functional improvement described was not associated with neuronal differentiation of the allogeneic drNPCs. Instead, directed drNPCs migration to the areas of active growth cone formation may provide exosome and paracrine trophic support, thereby further supporting the regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Baklaushev
- Biomedical Research, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, FMBA of Russia, Moscow 115682, Moskva, Russia
| | - Oleg V Durov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, FMBA, Moscow 115682, Moskva, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Kalsin
- Biomedical Research, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, FMBA of Russia, Moscow 115682, Moskva, Russia
| | - Eugene V Gulaev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, FMBA, Moscow 115682, Moskva, Russia
| | - Sergey V Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, N.N.Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Centre, Moscow 115478, Moskva, Russia
| | - Ilya L Gubskiy
- Ilya L Gubskiy, Radiology and Clinical Physiology Scientific Research Center, Federal center of brain research and neurotechnologies of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Veronika A Revkova
- Biomedical Research, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, FMBA of Russia, Moscow 115682, Moskva, Russia
| | - Ekaterina M Samoilova
- Biomedical Research, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, FMBA of Russia, Moscow 115682, Moskva, Russia
| | - Pavel A Melnikov
- Department of Neurobiology, Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow 119992, Moskva, Russia
| | - Dzhina D Karal-Ogly
- Department of Primatology, Russian Acad Med Sci, Research Institute of Medical Primatology, Sochi 119992, Sochi, Russia
| | - Sergey V Orlov
- Department of Primatology, Russian Acad Med Sci, Research Institute of Medical Primatology, Sochi 119992, Sochi, Russia
| | - Alexander V Troitskiy
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, FMBA of Russia, Moscow 115682, Moskva, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Chekhonin
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow 115682, Moskva, Russia
| | - Alexander V Averyanov
- Biomedical Research, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, FMBA of Russia, Moscow 115682, Moskva, Russia
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hiPSC-derived NSCs effectively promote the functional recovery of acute spinal cord injury in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:172. [PMID: 33706803 PMCID: PMC7953804 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common disease that results in motor and sensory disorders and even lifelong paralysis. The transplantation of stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), or subsequently generated stem/progenitor cells, is predicted to be a promising treatment for SCI. In this study, we aimed to investigate effect of human iPSC-derived neural stem cells (hiPSC-NSCs) and umbilical cord-derived MSCs (huMSCs) in a mouse model of acute SCI. Methods Acute SCI mice model were established and were randomly treated as phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (control group), repaired with 1 × 105 hiPSC-NSCs (NSC group), and 1 × 105 huMSCs (MSC group), respectively, in a total of 54 mice (n = 18 each). Hind limb motor function was evaluated in open-field tests using the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) at days post-operation (dpo) 1, 3, 5, and 7 after spinal cord injury, and weekly thereafter. Spinal cord and serum samples were harvested at dpo 7, 14, and 21. Haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and Masson staining were used to evaluate the morphological changes and fibrosis area. The differentiation of the transplanted cells in vivo was evaluated with immunohistochemical staining. Results The hiPSC-NSC-treated group presented a significantly smaller glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive area than MSC-treated mice at all time points. Additionally, MSC-transplanted mice had a similar GFAP+ area to mice receiving PBS. At dpo 14, the immunostained hiPSC-NSCs were positive for SRY-related high-mobility-group (HMG)-box protein-2 (SOX2). Furthermore, the transplanted hiPSC-NSCs differentiated into GFAP-positive astrocytes and beta-III tubulin-positive neurons, whereas the transplanted huMSCs differentiated into GFAP-positive astrocytes. In addition, hiPSC-NSC transplantation reduced fibrosis formation and the inflammation level. Compared with the control or huMSC transplanted group, the group with transplantation of hiPSC-NSCs exhibited significantly improved behaviours, particularly limb coordination. Conclusions HiPSC-NSCs promote functional recovery in mice with acute SCI by replacing missing neurons and attenuating fibrosis, glial scar formation, and inflammation. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in direct and indirect damage to neural tissues, which results in motor and sensory dysfunction, dystonia, and pathological reflex that ultimately lead to paraplegia or tetraplegia. A loss of cells, axon regeneration failure, and time-sensitive pathophysiology make tissue repair difficult. Despite various medical developments, there are currently no effective regenerative treatments. Stem cell therapy is a promising treatment for SCI due to its multiple targets and reactivity benefits. The present review focuses on SCI stem cell therapy, including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, neural progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and extracellular vesicles. Each cell type targets certain features of SCI pathology and shows therapeutic effects via cell replacement, nutritional support, scaffolds, and immunomodulation mechanisms. However, many preclinical studies and a growing number of clinical trials found that single-cell treatments had only limited benefits for SCI. SCI damage is multifaceted, and there is a growing consensus that a combined treatment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center, 34753West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Chenying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, 34753West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center, 34753West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Chengqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center, 34753West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Quan Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center, 34753West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
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18
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Transplantation of Neural Precursors Derived from Induced Pluripotent Cells Preserve Perineuronal Nets and Stimulate Neural Plasticity in ALS Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249593. [PMID: 33339362 PMCID: PMC7766921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A promising therapeutic strategy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) treatment is stem cell therapy. Neural progenitors derived from induced pluripotent cells (NP-iPS) might rescue or replace dying motoneurons (MNs). However, the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effect are not fully understood. The aim here was to investigate the mechanism by studying the effect of intraspinally injected NP-iPS into asymptomatic and early symptomatic superoxide dismutase (SOD)1G93A transgenic rats. Prior to transplantation, NP-iPS were characterized in vitro for their ability to differentiate into a neuronal phenotype. Motor functions were tested in all animals, and the tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, qPCR, and Western blot. NP-iPS transplantation significantly preserved MNs, slowed disease progression, and extended the survival of all treated animals. The dysregulation of spinal chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans was observed in SOD1G93A rats at the terminal stage. NP-iPS application led to normalized host genes expression (versican, has-1, tenascin-R, ngf, igf-1, bdnf, bax, bcl-2, and casp-3) and the protection of perineuronal nets around the preserved MNs. In the host spinal cord, transplanted cells remained as progenitors, many in contact with MNs, but they did not differentiate. The findings suggest that NP-iPS demonstrate neuroprotective properties by regulating local gene expression and regulate plasticity by modulating the central nervous system (CNS) extracellular matrix such as perineuronal nets (PNNs).
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19
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Combined Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Neurological Disorders. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120613. [PMID: 33333803 PMCID: PMC7765161 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy of neurological diseases is gaining momentum. Various types of stem/progenitor cells and their derivatives have shown positive therapeutic results in animal models of neurological disorders and in clinical trials. Each tested cell type proved to have its advantages and flaws and unique cellular and molecular mechanism of action, prompting the idea to test combined transplantation of two or more types of cells (combined cell therapy). This review summarizes the results of combined cell therapy of neurological pathologies reported up to this point. The number of papers describing experimental studies or clinical trials addressing this subject is still limited. However, its successful application to the treatment of neurological pathologies including stroke, spinal cord injury, neurodegenerative diseases, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and retinal degeneration has been reported in both experimental and clinical studies. The advantages of combined cell therapy can be realized by simple summation of beneficial effects of different cells. Alternatively, one kind of cells can support the survival and functioning of the other by enhancing the formation of optimum environment or immunomodulation. No significant adverse events were reported. Combined cell therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of neurological disorders, but further research needs to be conducted.
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20
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Kamata Y, Isoda M, Sanosaka T, Shibata R, Ito S, Okubo T, Shinozaki M, Inoue M, Koya I, Shibata S, Shindo T, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Okano H, Nagoshi N, Kohyama J. A robust culture system to generate neural progenitors with gliogenic competence from clinically relevant induced pluripotent stem cells for treatment of spinal cord injury. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:398-413. [PMID: 33226180 PMCID: PMC7900588 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy targeting spinal cord injury (SCI) is an attractive approach to promote functional recovery by replacing damaged tissue. We and other groups have reported the effectiveness of transplanting neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in SCI animal models for neuronal replacement. Glial replacement is an additional approach for tissue repair; however, the lack of robust procedures to drive iPSCs into NS/PCs which can produce glial cells has hindered the development of glial cell transplantation for the restoration of neuronal functions after SCI. Here, we established a method to generate NS/PCs with gliogenic competence (gNS/PCs) optimized for clinical relevance and utilized them as a source of therapeutic NS/PCs for SCI. We could successfully generate gNS/PCs from clinically relevant hiPSCs, which efficiently produced astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in vitro. We also performed comparison between gNS/PCs and neurogenic NS/PCs based on single cell RNA-seq analysis and found that gNS/PCs were distinguished by expression of several transcription factors including HEY2 and NFIB. After gNS/PC transplantation, the graft did not exhibit tumor-like tissue formation, indicating the safety of them as a source of cell therapy. Importantly, the gNS/PCs triggered functional recovery in an SCI animal model, with remyelination of demyelinated axons and improved motor function. Given the inherent safety of gNS/PCs and favorable outcomes observed after their transplantation, cell-based medicine using the gNS/PCs-induction procedure described here together with clinically relevant iPSCs is realistic and would be beneficial for SCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kamata
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Isoda
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sanosaka
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reo Shibata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Ito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Okubo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munehisa Shinozaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Inoue
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ikuko Koya
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shindo
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Kohyama
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Intravenous Administration of Heat Shock-Treated MSCs Can Improve Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration in Canine Spinal Cord Injury Model. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112164. [PMID: 33233628 PMCID: PMC7699699 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are found in connective tissues, can be used to treat spinal cord injury (SCI) in dogs. These stem cells have the ability to repair damaged tissues and can be transplanted into the injured area. While this is considered a promising treatment, the transplanted cells often do not survive in the injured spinal cord. In this study, we found that heat shock treatment, i.e., exposure to high temperatures, increased the efficacy of MSC treatment for SCI. Abstract Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI). However, many transplanted cells die within a few days, eventually limiting the efficacy of cellular therapy. To overcome this problem, we focused on the potential of heat shock (HS) proteins in facilitating recovery from cell damage and protecting against cytotoxicity. PCR results showed that the expression of neurotrophic factor, anti-inflammatory, stemness, and homing genes increased in HS-treated MSCs. We investigated whether HS-treated MSCs could promote recovery of hindlimb function in an acute canine SCI model. We compared the effects of intravenous transplantation with (i) lactated Ringer’s solution as a control, (ii) green fluorescent protein-expressing MSCs (MSCs-GFP), and (iii) GFP-expressing and HS-treated MSCs (MSCs-GFP-HS). Spinal cords were harvested at four weeks and used for Western blot and histopathological analyses. The MSCs-GFP-HS group showed significant improvements in hindlimb function from weeks 3 and 4 compared with the other groups. This group also showed higher expression of neural markers, fewer intervening fibrotic changes, and pronounced myelination. These results suggest that induction of an HS response in MSCs could promote neural sparing. In conclusion, transplantation of HS-treated MSCs could improve neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in acute SCI.
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Ford E, Pearlman J, Ruan T, Manion J, Waller M, Neely GG, Caron L. Human Pluripotent Stem Cells-Based Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Status and Challenges. Cells 2020; 9:E2517. [PMID: 33233861 PMCID: PMC7699962 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by irreversible cell damage, loss of neuronal cells and limited regeneration potential of the adult nervous system. Pluripotent stem cells are capable of differentiating into the multitude of cell types that compose the central and peripheral nervous systems and so have become the major focus of cell replacement therapies for the treatment of neurological disorders. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC) and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cells have both been extensively studied as cell therapies in a wide range of neurodegenerative disease models in rodents and non-human primates, including Parkinson's disease, stroke, epilepsy, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and pain. In this review, we discuss the latest progress made with stem cell therapies targeting these pathologies. We also evaluate the challenges in clinical application of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based therapies including risk of oncogenesis and tumor formation, immune rejection and difficulty in regeneration of the heterogeneous cell types composing the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ford
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (E.F.); (J.P.); (T.R.); (J.M.); (M.W.); (G.G.N.)
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jodie Pearlman
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (E.F.); (J.P.); (T.R.); (J.M.); (M.W.); (G.G.N.)
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Travis Ruan
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (E.F.); (J.P.); (T.R.); (J.M.); (M.W.); (G.G.N.)
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - John Manion
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (E.F.); (J.P.); (T.R.); (J.M.); (M.W.); (G.G.N.)
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department of Urology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Departments of Surgery and Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew Waller
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (E.F.); (J.P.); (T.R.); (J.M.); (M.W.); (G.G.N.)
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gregory G. Neely
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (E.F.); (J.P.); (T.R.); (J.M.); (M.W.); (G.G.N.)
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Leslie Caron
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (E.F.); (J.P.); (T.R.); (J.M.); (M.W.); (G.G.N.)
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
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Liu A, Kang S, Yu P, Shi L, Zhou L. Transplantation of human urine-derived neural progenitor cells after spinal cord injury in rats. Neurosci Lett 2020; 735:135201. [PMID: 32585253 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a worldwide problem and transplantation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) represents a promising treatment strategy. Urine derived induced pluripotent stem cells (UiPSCs) which enable the generation of patient-specific NPCs, provide an invaluable source of autologous cells for future therapeutic applications after SCI. However, the fate and potential contribution of transplanted human UiPSCs-derived NPCs (UiPSC-NPCs) into injured spinal cords remain largely unknown. In this study, using a rat contusive SCI model, we evaluated the survival, migration and differentiation of UiPSC-NPCs after transplantation at subacute phase. Transplanted cells survived and migrated from the site of grafting towards the lesion epicenter. More than 25 % cells survived over 4 weeks post transplantation, with a few of them differentiated into neurons and astrocytes. Cytokine and chemokine levels within the injured spinal cord tissues were measured using multiplex immunoassays to evaluate the immune response. Pro-inflammatory factors and chemokines were significantly decreased at 3 days after UiPSC-NPCs transplantation. At 7 days post transplantation, a lower level of pro-inflammatory factor IFN-γ and a higher level of pro-inflammatory IL-2 were found in UiPSC-NPCs group than in the control. Transplantation of UiPSC-NPCs showed little effect on microglia activation at the lesion epicenter. However, the number of microglia cells at 4 mm rostral to the injury site was significantly decreased. The size of lesion cavity was reduced after transplantation of UiPSC-NPCs. In conclusions, the UiPSC-NPCs transplanted at the subacute phase of SCI showed a beneficial effect on tissue repairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Liu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Sai Kang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Panpan Yu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Lingling Shi
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Libing Zhou
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510530, PR China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu 226019, PR China.
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24
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Antonios JP, Farah GJ, Cleary DR, Martin JR, Ciacci JD, Pham MH. Immunosuppressive mechanisms for stem cell transplant survival in spinal cord injury. Neurosurg Focus 2020; 46:E9. [PMID: 30835678 DOI: 10.3171/2018.12.focus18589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) has been associated with a dismal prognosis-recovery is not expected, and the most standard interventions have been temporizing measures that do little to mitigate the extent of damage. While advances in surgical and medical techniques have certainly improved this outlook, limitations in functional recovery continue to impede clinically significant improvements. These limitations are dependent on evolving immunological mechanisms that shape the cellular environment at the site of SCI. In this review, we examine these mechanisms, identify relevant cellular components, and discuss emerging treatments in stem cell grafts and adjuvant immunosuppressants that target these pathways. As the field advances, we expect that stem cell grafts and these adjuvant treatments will significantly shift therapeutic approaches to acute SCI with the potential for more promising outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Antonios
- 1David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and
| | - Ghassan J Farah
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - Daniel R Cleary
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - Joel R Martin
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - Joseph D Ciacci
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - Martin H Pham
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California
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Ottoboni L, von Wunster B, Martino G. Therapeutic Plasticity of Neural Stem Cells. Front Neurol 2020; 11:148. [PMID: 32265815 PMCID: PMC7100551 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) have garnered significant scientific and commercial interest in the last 15 years. Given their plasticity, defined as the ability to develop into different phenotypes inside and outside of the nervous system, with a capacity of almost unlimited self-renewal, of releasing trophic and immunomodulatory factors, and of exploiting temporal and spatial dynamics, NSCs have been proposed for (i) neurotoxicity testing; (ii) cellular therapies to treat CNS diseases; (iii) neural tissue engineering and repair; (iv) drug target validation and testing; (v) personalized medicine. Moreover, given the growing interest in developing cell-based therapies to target neurodegenerative diseases, recent progress in developing NSCs from human-induced pluripotent stem cells has produced an analog of endogenous NSCs. Herein, we will review the current understanding on emerging conceptual and technological topics in the neural stem cell field, such as deep characterization of the human compartment, single-cell spatial-temporal dynamics, reprogramming from somatic cells, and NSC manipulation and monitoring. Together, these aspects contribute to further disentangling NSC plasticity to better exploit the potential of those cells, which, in the future, might offer new strategies for brain therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ottoboni
- Neurology and Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianvito Martino
- Neurology and Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
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Willis CM, Nicaise AM, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Pluchino S. The neural stem cell secretome and its role in brain repair. Brain Res 2020; 1729:146615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Shiga Y, Shiga A, Mesci P, Kwon H, Brifault C, Kim JH, Jeziorski JJ, Nasamran C, Ohtori S, Muotri AR, Gonias SL, Campana WM. Tissue-type plasminogen activator-primed human iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells promote motor recovery after severe spinal cord injury. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19291. [PMID: 31848365 PMCID: PMC6917728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI) is to restore motor function without exacerbating pain. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) may be administered by autologous transplantation, avoiding immunologic challenges. Identifying strategies to optimize iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (hiNPC) for cell transplantation is an important objective. Herein, we report a method that takes advantage of the growth factor-like and anti-inflammatory activities of the fibrinolysis protease, tissue plasminogen activator tPA, without effects on hemostasis. We demonstrate that conditioning hiNPC with enzymatically-inactive tissue-type plasminogen activator (EI-tPA), prior to grafting into a T3 lesion site in a clinically relevant severe SCI model, significantly improves motor outcomes. EI-tPA-primed hiNPC grafted into lesion sites survived, differentiated, acquired markers of motor neuron maturation, and extended βIII-tubulin-positive axons several spinal segments below the lesion. Importantly, only SCI rats that received EI-tPA primed hiNPC demonstrated significantly improved motor function, without exacerbating pain. When hiNPC were treated with EI-tPA in culture, NMDA-R-dependent cell signaling was initiated, expression of genes associated with stemness (Nestin, Sox2) was regulated, and thrombin-induced cell death was prevented. EI-tPA emerges as a novel agent capable of improving the efficacy of stem cell therapy in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shiga
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Akina Shiga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Pinar Mesci
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and the Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92037-0695, USA
| | - HyoJun Kwon
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Coralie Brifault
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - John H Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jacob J Jeziorski
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and the Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92037-0695, USA
| | - Chanond Nasamran
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics (CCBB), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and the Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92037-0695, USA
| | - Steven L Gonias
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Wendy M Campana
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Veterans Administration San Diego HealthCare System, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
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Zhou P, Guan J, Xu P, Zhao J, Zhang C, Zhang B, Mao Y, Cui W. Cell Therapeutic Strategies for Spinal Cord Injury. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2019; 8:585-605. [PMID: 31637103 PMCID: PMC6798812 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurological disorder that resulted from destroyed long axis of spinal cord, affecting thousands of people every year. With the occurrence of SCI, the lesions can form cystic cavities and produce glial scar, myelin inhibitor, and inflammation that negatively impact repair of spinal cord. Therefore, SCI remains a difficult problem to overcome with present therapeutics. This review of cell therapeutics in SCI provides a systematic review of combinatory therapeutics of SCI and helps the realization of regeneration of spinal cord in the future. Recent Advances: With major breakthroughs in neurobiology in recent years, present therapeutic strategies for SCI mainly aim at nerve regeneration or neuroprotection. For nerve regeneration, the application approaches are tissue engineering and cell transplantation, while drug therapeutics is applied for neuroprotection. Cell therapeutics is a new approach that treats SCI by cell transplantation. Cell therapeutics possesses advantages of neuroprotection, immune regulation, axonal regeneration, neuron relay formation, and remyelination. Critical Issues: Neurons cannot regenerate at the site of injury. Therefore, it is essential to find a repair strategy for remyelination, axon regeneration, and functional recovery. Cell therapeutics is emerging as the most promising approach for treating SCI. Future Directions: The future application of SCI therapy in clinical practice may require a combination of multiple strategies. A comprehensive treatment of injury of spinal cord is the focus of the present research. With the combination of different cell therapy strategies, future experiments will achieve more dramatic success in spinal cord repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinghui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Changchun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Yingji Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Jirak D, Ziolkowska N, Turnovcova K, Karova K, Sykova E, Jendelova P, Romanyuk N. Metabolic Changes in Focal Brain Ischemia in Rats Treated With Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Precursors Confirm the Beneficial Effect of Transplanted Cells. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1074. [PMID: 31695666 PMCID: PMC6818685 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently no treatment for restoring lost neurological function after stroke. A growing number of studies have highlighted the potential of stem cells. However, the mechanisms underlying their beneficial effect have yet to be explored in sufficient detail. In this study, we transplanted human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural precursors (iPSC-NPs) in rat temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) we monitored the effect of cells and assessed lesion volume and metabolite changes in the brain. We monitored concentration changes of myo-inositol (Ins), Taurine (Tau), Glycerophosphocholine+Phosphocholine (GPC+PCh), N-acetyl-aspartate+N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAA+NAAG), Creatine+Phosphocreatine (Cr+PCr), and Glutamate+Glutamine (Glu+Gln) in the brains of control and iPSC-NP-transplanted rats. Based on initial lesion size, animals were divided into small lesion and big lesion groups. In the small lesion control group (SCL), lesion size after 4 months was three times smaller than initial measurements. In the small lesion iPSC-NP-treated group, lesion volume decreased after 1 month and then increased after 4 months. Although animals with small lesions significantly improved their motor skills after iPSC-NP transplantation, animals with big lesions showed no improvement. However, our MRI data demonstrate that in the big lesion iPSC-NP-treated (BTL) group, lesion size increased only up until 1 month after MCAO induction and then decreased. In contrast, in the big lesion control group, lesion size increased throughout the whole experiment. Significantly higher concentrations of Ins, Tau, GPC+PCh, NAA+NAAG, Cr+PCr, and Glu+Gln were found in in contralateral hemisphere in BTL animals 4 months after cell injection. Lesion volume decreased at this time point. Spectroscopic results of metabolite concentrations in lesion correlated with volumetric measurements of lesion, with the highest negative correlation observed for NAA+NAAG. Altogether, our results suggest that iPSC-NP transplantation decreases lesion volume and regulates metabolite concentrations within the normal range expected in healthy tissue. Further research into the ability of iPSC-NPs to differentiate into tissue-specific neurons and its effect on the long-term restoration of lesioned tissue is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jirak
- MR Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Health Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czechia
| | - Natalia Ziolkowska
- MR Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Karolina Turnovcova
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kristyna Karova
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eva Sykova
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nataliya Romanyuk
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Trawczynski M, Liu G, David BT, Fessler RG. Restoring Motor Neurons in Spinal Cord Injury With Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:369. [PMID: 31474833 PMCID: PMC6707336 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological disorder that damages motor, sensory, and autonomic pathways. Recent advances in stem cell therapy have allowed for the in vitro generation of motor neurons (MNs) showing electrophysiological and synaptic activity, expression of canonical MN biomarkers, and the ability to graft into spinal lesions. Clinical translation, especially the transplantation of MN precursors in spinal lesions, has thus far been elusive because of stem cell heterogeneity and protocol variability, as well as a hostile microenvironment such as inflammation and scarring, which yield inconsistent pre-clinical results without a consensus best-practice therapeutic strategy. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in particular have lower ethical and immunogenic concerns than other stem cells, which could make them more clinically applicable. In this review, we focus on the differentiation of iPSCs into neural precursors, MN progenitors, mature MNs, and MN subtype fates. Previous reviews have summarized MN development and differentiation, but an up-to-date summary of technological and experimental advances holding promise for bench-to-bedside translation, especially those targeting individual MN subtypes in SCI, is currently lacking. We discuss biological mechanisms of MN lineage, recent experimental protocols and techniques for MN differentiation from iPSCs, and transplantation of neural precursors and MN lineage cells in spinal cord lesions to restore motor function. We emphasize efficient, clinically safe, and personalized strategies for the application of MN and their subtypes as therapy in spinal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Trawczynski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gele Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Brian T David
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Richard G Fessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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31
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Recent Progress in the Regeneration of Spinal Cord Injuries by Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153838. [PMID: 31390782 PMCID: PMC6695701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of injuries occurring in the central nervous system, particularly spinal cord injuries (SCIs), is extremely difficult. The complex pathological events following a SCI often restrict regeneration of nervous tissue at the injury site and frequently lead to irreversible loss of motor and sensory function. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) possess neuroregenerative and neuroprotective features, and transplantation of such cells into the site of damaged tissue is a promising stem cell-based therapy for SCI. However, NSC/NPCs have mostly been induced from embryonic stem cells or fetal tissue, leading to ethical concerns. The pioneering work of Yamanaka and colleagues gave rise to the technology to induce pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells, overcoming these ethical issues. The advent of iPSCs technology has meant significant progress in the therapy of neurodegenerative disease and nerve tissue damage. A number of published studies have described the successful differentiation of NSCs/NPCs from iPSCs and their subsequent engraftment into SCI animal models, followed by functional recovery of injury. The aim of this present review is to summarize various iPSC- NPCs differentiation methods, SCI modelling, and the current status of possible iPSC- NPCs- based therapy of SCI.
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32
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Cell therapy for spinal cord injury using induced pluripotent stem cells. Regen Ther 2019; 11:75-80. [PMID: 31245451 PMCID: PMC6581851 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
For the past few decades, spinal cord injury (SCI) has been believed to be an incurable traumatic condition, but with recent developments in stem cell biology, the field of regenerative medicine has gained hopeful momentum in the development of a treatment for this challenging pathology. Among the treatment candidates, transplantation of neural precursor cells has gained remarkable attention as a reasonable therapeutic intervention to replace the damaged central nervous system cells and promote functional recovery. Here, we highlight transplantation therapy techniques using induced pluripotent stem cells to treat SCI and review the recent research giving consideration to future clinical applications.
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Key Words
- ASIA, American Spinal Injury Association
- C-ABC, chondroitinase ABC
- CSPGs, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans
- CST, corticospinal tract
- CiRA, the Center for iPS Cell Research and Application
- Clinical application
- ESCs, embryonic stem cells
- GCV, ganciclovir
- GSI, γ-secretase inhibitor
- HLA, human leukocyte antigen
- HMGB1, high mobility group box-1
- HSVtk, herpes simplex virus type I thymidine kinase
- Induced pluripotent stem cells
- MLR, mixed lymphocyte reaction
- NHPs, nonhuman primates
- NPCs, neural precursor cells
- Neural precursor cells
- OPCs, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- SCI, spinal cord injury
- SLA, swine leukocyte antigen
- Spinal cord injury
- drNPCs, directly reprogrammed neural precursor cells
- iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells
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Pereira IM, Marote A, Salgado AJ, Silva NA. Filling the Gap: Neural Stem Cells as A Promising Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020065. [PMID: 31035689 PMCID: PMC6631328 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to severe motor, sensory and social impairments having a huge impact on patients’ lives. The complex and time-dependent SCI pathophysiology has been hampering the development of novel and effective therapies. Current treatment options include surgical interventions, to stabilize and decompress the spinal cord, and rehabilitative care, without providing a cure for these patients. Novel therapies have been developed targeting different stages during trauma. Among them, cell-based therapies hold great potential for tissue regeneration after injury. Neural stem cells (NSCs), which are multipotent cells with inherent differentiation capabilities committed to the neuronal lineage, are especially relevant to promote and reestablish the damaged neuronal spinal tracts. Several studies demonstrate the regenerative effects of NSCs in SCI after transplantation by providing neurotrophic support and restoring synaptic connectivity. Therefore, human clinical trials have already been launched to assess safety in SCI patients. Here, we review NSC-based experimental studies in a SCI context and how are they currently being translated into human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Ana Marote
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Nuno A Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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Tam C, Wong JH, Ng TB, Tsui SKW, Zuo T. Drugs for Targeted Therapies of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:335-359. [PMID: 29714133 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180430150940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one type of neurodegenerative diseases, which is prevalent in the elderly. Beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and phosphorylated tau-induced neurofibrillary tangles are two pathological hallmarks of this disease and the corresponding pathological pathways of these hallmarks are considered as the therapeutic targets. There are many drugs scheduled for pre-clinical and clinical trial that target to inhibit the initiators of pathological Aβ and tau aggregates as well as critical Aβ secretases and kinases in tau hyperphosphorylation. In addition, studies in disease gene variations, and detection of key prognostic effectors in early development are also important for AD control. The discovery of potential drug targets contributed to targeted therapy in a stage-dependent manner, However, there are still some issues that cause concern such as the low bioavailability and low efficacy of candidate drugs from clinical trial reports. Therefore, modification of drug candidates and development of delivery agents are essential and critical. With other medical advancements like cell replacement therapy, there is hope for the cure of Alzheimer's disease in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chit Tam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen Kwok Wing Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Zuo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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35
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Ramotowski C, Qu X, Villa-Diaz LG. Progress in the Use of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Cells for Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries in Animal Populations: Meta-Analysis and Review. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:681-693. [PMID: 30903654 PMCID: PMC6591555 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are cells genetically reprogrammed from somatic cells, which can be differentiated into neurological lineages with the aim to replace or assist damaged neurons in the treatment of spinal cord injuries (SCIs) caused by physical trauma. Here, we review studies addressing the functional use of iPSC‐derived neural cells in SCIs and perform a meta‐analysis to determine if significant motor improvement is restored after treatment with iPSC‐derived neural cells compared with treatments using embryonic stem cell (ESC)‐derived counterpart cells and control treatments. Overall, based on locomotion scales in rodents and monkeys, our meta‐analysis indicates a therapeutic benefit for SCI treatment using neural cells derived from either iPSCs or ESCs, being this of importance due to existing ethical and immunological complications using ESCs. Results from these studies are evidence of the successes and limitations of iPSC‐derived neural cells in the recovery of motor capacity. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:681&693
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xianggui Qu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Oakland University College of Arts and Sciences, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Luis G Villa-Diaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University College of Arts and Sciences, Rochester, Michigan, USA
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36
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Stem cell paracrine effect and delivery strategies for spinal cord injury regeneration. J Control Release 2019; 300:141-153. [PMID: 30851286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complicated neuropathological condition that results in functional dysfunction and paralysis. Various treatments have been proposed including drugs, biological factors and cells administered in several ways. Stem cell therapy offers a potentially revolutionary mode to repair the damaged spinal cord after injury. Initially, stem cells were considered promising for replacing cells and tissue lost after SCI. Many studies looked at their differentiation to replace neuronal and glial cells for a better functional outcome. However, it is becoming clear that different functional improvements recognized to stem cells are due to biomolecular activities by the transplanted stem cells rather than cell replacement. This review aimed to discuss the paracrine mechanisms for tissue repair and regeneration after stem cell transplantation in SCI. It focuses on stem cell factor production, effect in tissue restoration, and novel delivery strategies to use them for SCI therapy.
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Kojima K, Miyoshi H, Nagoshi N, Kohyama J, Itakura G, Kawabata S, Ozaki M, Iida T, Sugai K, Ito S, Fukuzawa R, Yasutake K, Renault‐Mihara F, Shibata S, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Okano H. Selective Ablation of Tumorigenic Cells Following Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Transplantation in Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:260-270. [PMID: 30485733 PMCID: PMC6392358 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is an important problem that needs to be addressed in the field of human stem/progenitor cell transplantation for the treatment of subacute spinal cord injury (SCI). When certain "tumorigenic" cell lines are transplanted into the spinal cord of SCI mice model, there is initial improvement of motor function, followed by abrupt deterioration secondary to the effect of tumor growth. A significant proportion of the transplanted cells remains undifferentiated after transplantation and is thought to increase the risk of tumorigenesis. In this study, using lentiviral vectors, we introduced the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSVtk) gene into a human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem/progenitor cell (hiPSC-NS/PC) line that is known to undergo tumorigenic transformation. Such approach enables selective ablation of the immature proliferating cells and thereby prevents subsequent tumor formation. In vitro, the HSVtk system successfully ablated the immature proliferative neural cells while preserving mature postmitotic neuronal cells. Similar results were observed in vivo following transplantation into the injured spinal cords of immune-deficient (nonobese diabetic-severe combined immune-deficient) mice. Ablation of the proliferating cells exerted a protective effect on the motor function which was regained after transplantation, simultaneously defending the spinal cord from the harmful tumor growth. These results suggest a potentially promising role of suicide genes in opposing tumorigenesis during stem cell therapy. This system allows both preventing and treating tumorigenesis following hiPSC-NS/PC transplantation without sacrificing the improved motor function. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:260&270.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Kojima
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyoshi
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Jun Kohyama
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Go Itakura
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Soya Kawabata
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Masahiro Ozaki
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Iida
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Keiko Sugai
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shuhei Ito
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Ryuji Fukuzawa
- Department of PathologyInternational University of Health and WelfareChibaJapan
| | - Kaori Yasutake
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | | | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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Baklaushev VP, Bogush VG, Kalsin VA, Sovetnikov NN, Samoilova EM, Revkova VA, Sidoruk KV, Konoplyannikov MA, Timashev PS, Kotova SL, Yushkov KB, Averyanov AV, Troitskiy AV, Ahlfors JE. Tissue Engineered Neural Constructs Composed of Neural Precursor Cells, Recombinant Spidroin and PRP for Neural Tissue Regeneration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3161. [PMID: 30816182 PMCID: PMC6395623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have designed a novel two-component matrix (SPRPix) for the encapsulation of directly reprogrammed human neural precursor cells (drNPC). The matrix is comprised of 1) a solid anisotropic complex scaffold prepared by electrospinning a mixture of recombinant analogues of the spider dragline silk proteins - spidroin 1 (rS1/9) and spidroin 2 (rS2/12) - and polycaprolactone (PCL) (rSS-PCL), and 2) a "liquid matrix" based on platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The combination of PRP and spidroin promoted drNPC proliferation with the formation of neural tissue organoids and dramatically activated neurogenesis. Differentiation of drNPCs generated large numbers of βIII-tubulin and MAP2 positive neurons as well as some GFAP-positive astrocytes, which likely had a neuronal supporting function. Interestingly the SPRPix microfibrils appeared to provide strong guidance cues as the differentiating neurons oriented their processes parallel to them. Implantation of the SPRPix matrix containing human drNPC into the brain and spinal cord of two healthy Rhesus macaque monkeys showed good biocompatibility: no astroglial and microglial reaction was present around the implanted construct. Importantly, the human drNPCs survived for the 3 month study period and differentiated into MAP2 positive neurons. Tissue engineered constructs based on SPRPix exhibits important attributes that warrant further examination in spinal cord injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Baklaushev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia 28 Orekhovy Blvd., 115682, Moscow, Russia.
| | - V G Bogush
- Scientific Center "Kurchatov Institute" - Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms", 1-st Dorozhniy pr., 1, 117545, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Kalsin
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia 28 Orekhovy Blvd., 115682, Moscow, Russia
| | - N N Sovetnikov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia 28 Orekhovy Blvd., 115682, Moscow, Russia
| | - E M Samoilova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia 28 Orekhovy Blvd., 115682, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Revkova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia 28 Orekhovy Blvd., 115682, Moscow, Russia
| | - K V Sidoruk
- Scientific Center "Kurchatov Institute" - Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms", 1-st Dorozhniy pr., 1, 117545, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Konoplyannikov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia 28 Orekhovy Blvd., 115682, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - P S Timashev
- Federal Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics", Institute of Photonic Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Pionerskaya St., Troitsk, 142190, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., 119991, Moscow, Russia
- N.N.Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, 4 Kosygin St., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - S L Kotova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., 119991, Moscow, Russia
- N.N.Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, 4 Kosygin St., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - K B Yushkov
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 4 Leninsky Prospekt, 119049, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Averyanov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia 28 Orekhovy Blvd., 115682, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Troitskiy
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia 28 Orekhovy Blvd., 115682, Moscow, Russia
| | - J-E Ahlfors
- New World Laboratories Inc., Laval, Quebec, Canada.
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Ruzicka J, Romanyuk N, Jirakova K, Hejcl A, Janouskova O, Machova LU, Bochin M, Pradny M, Vargova L, Jendelova P. The Effect of iPS-Derived Neural Progenitors Seeded on Laminin-Coated pHEMA-MOETACl Hydrogel with Dual Porosity in a Rat Model of Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:400-412. [PMID: 30654639 PMCID: PMC6628561 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718823705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI), is a devastating condition leading to the loss of locomotor and sensory function below the injured segment. Despite some progress in acute SCI treatment using stem cells and biomaterials, chronic SCI remains to be addressed. We have assessed the use of laminin-coated hydrogel with dual porosity, seeded with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors (iPSC-NPs), in a rat model of chronic SCI. iPSC-NPs cultured for 3 weeks in hydrogel in vitro were positive for nestin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2). These cell-polymer constructs were implanted into a balloon compression lesion, 5 weeks after lesion induction. Animals were behaviorally tested, and spinal cord tissue was immunohistochemically analyzed 28 weeks after SCI. The implanted iPSC-NPs survived in the scaffold for the entire experimental period. Host axons, astrocytes and blood vessels grew into the implant and an increased sprouting of host TH+ fibers was observed in the lesion vicinity. The implantation of iPSC-NP-LHM cell-polymer construct into the chronic SCI led to the integration of material into the injured spinal cord, reduced cavitation and supported the iPSC-NPs survival, but did not result in a statistically significant improvement of locomotor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Ruzicka
- 1 Department of Tissue Culture and Stem Cells, Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nataliya Romanyuk
- 1 Department of Tissue Culture and Stem Cells, Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Jirakova
- 1 Department of Tissue Culture and Stem Cells, Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Hejcl
- 1 Department of Tissue Culture and Stem Cells, Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Janouskova
- 2 Department of Polymer Networks and Gels, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Urdzikova Machova
- 1 Department of Tissue Culture and Stem Cells, Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Bochin
- 1 Department of Tissue Culture and Stem Cells, Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic.,3 Department of Neurosciences, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pradny
- 2 Department of Polymer Networks and Gels, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lydia Vargova
- 1 Department of Tissue Culture and Stem Cells, Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic.,3 Department of Neurosciences, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- 1 Department of Tissue Culture and Stem Cells, Institute of Experimental Medicine, CAS, Prague, Czech Republic.,3 Department of Neurosciences, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Karova K, Wainwright JV, Machova-Urdzikova L, Pisal RV, Schmidt M, Jendelova P, Jhanwar-Uniyal M. Transplantation of neural precursors generated from spinal progenitor cells reduces inflammation in spinal cord injury via NF-κB pathway inhibition. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:12. [PMID: 30654804 PMCID: PMC6335809 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a chain of events that is accompanied by an inflammatory reaction leading to necrotic cell death at the core of the injury site, which is restricted by astrogliosis and apoptotic cell death in the surrounding areas. Activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway has been shown to be associated with inflammatory response induced by SCI. Here, we elucidate the pattern of activation of NF-κB in the pathology of SCI in rats and investigate the effect of transplantation of spinal neural precursors (SPC-01) on its activity and related astrogliosis. METHODS Using a rat compression model of SCI, we transplanted SPC-01 cells or injected saline into the lesion 7 days after SCI induction. Paraffin-embedded sections were used to assess p65 NF-κB nuclear translocation at days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 28 and to determine levels of glial scaring, white and gray matter preservation, and cavity size at day 28 after SCI. Additionally, levels of p65 phosphorylated at Serine536 were determined 10, 14, and 28 days after SCI as well as levels of locally secreted TNF-α. RESULTS We determined a bimodal activation pattern of canonical p65 NF-κB signaling pathway in the pathology of SCI with peaks at 3 and 28 days after injury induction. Transplantation of SCI-01 cells resulted in significant downregulation of TNF-α production at 10 and 14 days after SCI and in strong inhibition of p65 NF-κB activity at 28 days after SCI, mainly in the gray matter. Moreover, reduced formation of glial scar was found in SPC-01-transplanted rats along with enhanced gray matter preservation and reduced cavity size. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate strong immunomodulatory properties of SPC-01 cells based on inhibition of a major signaling pathway. Canonical NF-κB pathway activation underlines much of the immune response after SCI including cytokine, chemokine, and apoptosis-related factor production as well as immune cell activation and infiltration. Reduced inflammation may have led to observed tissue sparing. Additionally, such immune response modulation could have impacted astrocyte activation resulting in a reduced glial scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Karova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lucia Machova-Urdzikova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rishikaysh V Pisal
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Meic Schmidt
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic. .,2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Xu P, Yang X. The Efficacy and Safety of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation for Spinal Cord Injury Patients: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:36-46. [PMID: 30362373 PMCID: PMC6322141 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718808471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease, with a high rate of disability. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to comprehensively assess the efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in treating clinical SCI patients. We systematically searched the PUBMED, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical (CBM), Web of Science and Cochrane databases using the strategy of combination of free-text words and MeSH terms. The indicators of the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale (AIS)-grading improvement rate and adverse effects were displayed with an overall relative risk (RR). For the continuous variables of the ASIA motor score, light-touch score, pinprick score, activities of daily living (ADL) score, and residual urine volume, we used odds ratio (OR) to analyze the data. Eleven studies comprising 499 patients meeting all inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. No serious heterogeneity or publication bias was observed across each study. The results showed that significant improvements of total AIS grade (RR: 3.70; P < 0.001), AIS grade A (RR: 3.57; P < 0.001), ASIA sensory score (OR: 8.63; P < 0.001) and reduction of residual urine volume (OR: -36.37; P = 0.03) were observed in experimental group compared with control group. However, no significant differences of motor score (OR: 1.37, P = 0.19) and ADL score (OR: 2.61, P = 0.27) were observed between experimental and control groups. In addition, there were no serious and permanent adverse effects after cell transplantation. Cell transplantation with MSCs is effective and safe in improving the sensory and bladder functions of SCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xianliang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
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Zhou X, Shi G, Fan B, Cheng X, Zhang X, Wang X, Liu S, Hao Y, Wei Z, Wang L, Feng S. Polycaprolactone electrospun fiber scaffold loaded with iPSCs-NSCs and ASCs as a novel tissue engineering scaffold for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6265-6277. [PMID: 30349249 PMCID: PMC6186894 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s175914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a traumatic disease of the central nervous system, accompanied with high incidence and high disability rate. Tissue engineering scaffold can be used as therapeutic systems to provide effective repair for SCI. Purpose In this study, a novel tissue engineering scaffold has been synthesized in order to explore the effect of nerve repair on SCI. Patients and methods Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds loaded with actived Schwann cells (ASCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells -derived neural stem cells (iPSC-NSCs), a combined cell transplantation strategy, were prepared and characterized. The cell-loaded PCL scaffolds were further utilized for the treatment of SCI in vivo. Histological observation, behavioral evaluation, Western-blot and qRT-PCR were used to investigate the nerve repair of Wistar rats after scaffold transplantation. Results The iPSCs displayed similar characteristics to embryonic stem cells and were efficiently differentiated into neural stem cells in vitro. The obtained PCL scaffolds werê0.5 mm in thickness with biocompatibility and biodegradability. SEM results indicated that the ASCs and (or) iPS-NSCs grew well on PCL scaffolds. Moreover, transplantation reduced the volume of lesion cavity and improved locomotor recovery of rats. In addition, the degree of spinal cord recovery and remodeling maybe closely related to nerve growth factor and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor. In summary, our results demonstrated that tissue engineering scaffold treatment could increase tissue remodeling and could promote motor function recovery in a transection SCI model. Conclusion This study provides preliminary evidence for using tissue engineering scaffold as a clinically viable treatment for SCI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- XianHu Zhou
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - GuiDong Shi
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - BaoYou Fan
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China, .,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xin Cheng
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China, .,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - XiaoLei Zhang
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China, .,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xu Wang
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China, .,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Shen Liu
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China, .,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yan Hao
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China, .,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - ZhiJian Wei
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China, .,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - LianYong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
| | - ShiQing Feng
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China, .,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, People's Republic of China,
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DeBrot A, Yao L. The combination of induced pluripotent stem cells and bioscaffolds holds promise for spinal cord regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1677-1684. [PMID: 30136677 PMCID: PMC6128052 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.238602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are debilitating conditions for which no effective treatment currently exists. The damage of neural tissue causes disruption of neural tracts and neuron loss in the spinal cord. Stem cell replacement offers a solution for SCI treatment by providing a source of therapeutic cells for neural function restoration. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been investigated as a potential type of stem cell for such therapies. Transplantation of iPSCs has been shown to be effective in restoring function after SCIs in animal models while they circumvent ethical and immunological concerns produced by other stem cell types. Another approach for the treatment of SCI involves the graft of a bioscaffold at the site of injury to create a microenvironment that enhances cellular viability and guides the growing axons. Studies suggest that a combination of these two treatment methods could have a synergistic effect on functional recovery post-neural injury. While much progress has been made, more research is needed before clinical trials are possible. This review highlights recent advancements using iPSCs and bioscaffolds for treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley DeBrot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
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Nagoshi N, Okano H. iPSC-derived neural precursor cells: potential for cell transplantation therapy in spinal cord injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:989-1000. [PMID: 28993834 PMCID: PMC11105708 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have demonstrated that transplantation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the NPCs had been mostly harvested from embryonic stem cells or fetal tissue, raising the ethical concern. Yamanaka and his colleagues established induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) which could be generated from somatic cells, and this innovative development has made rapid progression in the field of SCI regeneration. We and other groups succeeded in producing NPCs from iPSCs, and demonstrated beneficial effects after transplantation for animal models of SCI. In particular, efficacy of human iPSC-NPCs in non-human primate SCI models fostered momentum of clinical application for SCI patients. At the same time, however, artificial induction methods in iPSC technology created alternative issues including genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, and tumorigenicity after transplantation. To overcome these problems, it is critically important to select origins of somatic cells, use integration-free system during transfection of reprogramming factors, and thoroughly investigate the characteristics of iPSC-NPCs with respect to quality management. Moreover, since most of the previous studies have focused on subacute phase of SCI, establishment of effective NPC transplantation should be evaluated for chronic phase hereafter. Our group is currently preparing clinical-grade human iPSC-NPCs, and will move forward toward clinical study for subacute SCI patients soon in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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Neural Stem Cells Derived from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Use in Models of CNS Injury. Results Probl Cell Differ 2018; 66:89-102. [PMID: 30209655 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93485-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are derived from differentiated cells by different reprogramming techniques, by introducing specific transcription factors responsible for pluripotency. Induced pluripotent stem cells can serve as an excellent source for differentiated neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPs). Several methods and protocols are utilized to create a robust number of NSCs/NPs without jeopardizing the safety issues required for in vivo applications. A variety of disease-specific iPS cells have been used to study nervous system diseases. In this chapter, we will focus on some of the derivation and differentiation approaches and the application of iPS-NPs in the treatment of spinal cord injury and stroke.
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Vismara I, Papa S, Rossi F, Forloni G, Veglianese P. Current Options for Cell Therapy in Spinal Cord Injury. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:831-849. [PMID: 28811172 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex pathology that evolves after primary acute mechanical injury, causing further damage to the spinal cord tissue that exacerbates clinical outcomes. Based on encouraging results from preclinical experiments, some cell treatments being translated into clinical practice demonstrate promising and effective improvement in sensory/motor function. Combinatorial treatments of cell and drug/biological factors have been demonstrated to be more effective than cell treatments alone. Recent advances have led to the development of biomaterials aiming to promote in situ cell delivery for SCI, together with combinatorial strategies using drugs/biomolecules to achieve a maximized multitarget approach. This review provides an overview of single and combinatorial regenerative cell treatments as well as potential delivery options to treat SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Vismara
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Simonetta Papa
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Pietro Veglianese
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy.
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Nagoshi N, Okano H. Applications of induced pluripotent stem cell technologies in spinal cord injury. J Neurochem 2017; 141:848-860. [PMID: 28199003 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous basic research studies have suggested the potential efficacy of neural precursor cell (NPC) transplantation in spinal cord injury (SCI). However, in most such studies, the origin of the cells used was mainly fetal tissue or embryonic stem cells, both of which carry potential ethical concerns with respect to clinical use. The development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) opened a new path toward regenerative medicine for SCI. iPSCs can be generated from somatic cells by induction of transcription factors, and induced to differentiate into NPCs with characteristics of cells of the central nervous system. The beneficial effect of iPSC-derived NPC transplantation has been reported from our group and others working in rodent and non-human primate models. These promising results facilitate the application of iPSCs for clinical applications in SCI patients. However, iPSCs also have issues, such as genetic/epigenetic abnormalities and tumorigenesis because of the artificial induction method, that must be addressed prior to clinical use. The selection of somatic cells, generation of integration-free iPSCs, and characterization of differentiated NPCs with thorough quality management are all needed to address these potential risks. To enhance the efficacy of the transplanted iPSC-NPCs, especially at chronic phase of SCI, administration of a chondroitinase or semaphorin3A inhibitor represents a potentially important means of promoting axonal regeneration through the lesion site. The combined use of rehabilitation with such cell therapy approaches is also important, as repetitive training enhances neurite outgrowth of transplanted cells and strengthens neural circuits at central pattern generators. Our group has already evaluated clinical grade iPSC-derived NPCs, and we look forward to initiating clinical testing as the next step toward determining whether this approach is safe and effective for clinical use. This article is part of the mini review series "60th Anniversary of the Japanese Society for Neurochemistry".
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Affiliation(s)
- Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Evaluation of the immunogenicity of human iPS cell-derived neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro. Stem Cell Res 2017; 19:128-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Bahmad H, Hadadeh O, Chamaa F, Cheaito K, Darwish B, Makkawi AK, Abou-Kheir W. Modeling Human Neurological and Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Neuronal Differentiation and Its Applications in Neurotrauma. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:50. [PMID: 28293168 PMCID: PMC5329035 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the help of several inducing factors, somatic cells can be reprogrammed to become induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) lines. The success is in obtaining iPSCs almost identical to embryonic stem cells (ESCs), therefore various approaches have been tested and ultimately several ones have succeeded. The importance of these cells is in how they serve as models to unveil the molecular pathways and mechanisms underlying several human diseases, and also in its potential roles in the development of regenerative medicine. They further aid in the development of regenerative medicine, autologous cell therapy and drug or toxicity screening. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent development in the field of iPSCs research, specifically for modeling human neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, and its applications in neurotrauma. These are mainly characterized by progressive functional or structural neuronal loss rendering them extremely challenging to manage. Many of these diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been explored in vitro. The main purpose is to generate patient-specific iPS cell lines from the somatic cells that carry mutations or genetic instabilities for the aim of studying their differentiation potential and behavior. This new technology will pave the way for future development in the field of stem cell research anticipating its use in clinical settings and in regenerative medicine in order to treat various human diseases, including neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of BeirutBeirut, Lebanon
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Iyer NR, Wilems TS, Sakiyama-Elbert SE. Stem cells for spinal cord injury: Strategies to inform differentiation and transplantation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:245-259. [PMID: 27531038 PMCID: PMC5642909 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The complex pathology of spinal cord injury (SCI), involving a cascade of secondary events and the formation of inhibitory barriers, hampers regeneration across the lesion site and often results in irreversible loss of motor function. The limited regenerative capacity of endogenous cells after SCI has led to a focus on the development of cell therapies that can confer both neuroprotective and neuroregenerative benefits. Stem cells have emerged as a candidate cell source because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into a multitude of specialized cell types. While ethical and safety concerns impeded the use of stem cells in the past, advances in isolation and differentiation methods have largely mitigated these issues. A confluence of work in stem cell biology, genetics, and developmental neurobiology has informed the directed differentiation of specific spinal cell types. After transplantation, these stem cell-derived populations can replace lost cells, provide trophic support, remyelinate surviving axons, and form relay circuits that contribute to functional recovery. Further refinement of stem cell differentiation and transplantation methods, including combinatorial strategies that involve biomaterial scaffolds and drug delivery, is critical as stem cell-based treatments enter clinical trials. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 245-259. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha R Iyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton St., Stop C0800 BME 3.314, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Thomas S Wilems
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton St., Stop C0800 BME 3.314, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Shelly E Sakiyama-Elbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton St., Stop C0800 BME 3.314, Austin, Texas 78712
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