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Wu XN, Wang MZ, Zhang N, Zhang W, Dong J, Ke MY, Xiang JX, Ma F, Xue F, Hou JJ, Ma ZJ, Wang FM, Liu XM, Wu R, Pawlik TM, Ye K, Yu J, Zhang XF, Lyu Y. Sex-determining region Y gene promotes liver fibrosis and accounts for sexual dimorphism in its pathophysiology. J Hepatol 2024; 80:928-940. [PMID: 38336346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Men are more prone to develop and die from liver fibrosis than women. In this study, we aim to investigate how sex-determining region Y gene (SRY) in hepatocytes promotes liver fibrosis. METHODS Hepatocyte-specific Sry knock-in (KI), Sry knockout (KO), and Sry KI with platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (Pdgfrα) KO mice were generated. Liver fibrosis was induced in mice by bile duct ligation for 2 weeks or carbon tetrachloride treatment for 6 weeks. In addition, primary hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and immortalized cell lines were used for in vitro studies and mechanistic investigation. RESULTS Compared to females, the severity of toxin- or cholestasis-induced liver fibrosis is similarly increased in castrated and uncastrated male mice. Among all Y chromosome-encoded genes, SRY was the most significantly upregulated and consistently increased gene in fibrotic/cirrhotic livers in male patients and in mouse models. Sry KI mice developed exacerbated liver fibrosis, whereas Sry KO mice had alleviated liver fibrosis, compared to age- and sex-matched control mice after bile duct ligation or administration of carbon tetrachloride. Mechanistically, both our in vivo and in vitro studies illustrated that SRY in hepatocytes can transcriptionally regulate Pdgfrα expression, and promote HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) release and subsequent HSC activation. Pdgfrα KO or treatment with the SRY inhibitor DAX1 in Sry KI mice abolished SRY-induced HMGB1 secretion and liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS SRY is a strong pro-fibrotic factor and accounts for the sex disparity observed in liver fibrosis, suggesting its critical role as a potentially sex-specific therapeutic target for prevention and treatment of the disease. IMPACT AND IMPLICATION We identified that a male-specific gene, sex-determining region Y gene (SRY), is a strong pro-fibrotic gene that accounts for the sex disparity observed in liver fibrosis. As such, SRY might be an appropriate target for surveillance and treatment of liver fibrosis in a sex-specific manner. Additionally, SRY might be a key player in the sexual dimorphism observed in hepatic pathophysiology more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ning Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Meng-Zhou Wang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Meng-Yun Ke
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun-Xi Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Feng Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Hou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fu-Min Wang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xue-Min Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rongqian Wu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kai Ye
- School of Automation Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China; Genome Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xu-Feng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Yi Lyu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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2
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Pessino G, Scotti C, Maggi M, Immuno-Hub Consortium. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and Emerging Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:901. [PMID: 38473265 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer, predominantly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), globally ranks sixth in incidence and third in cancer-related deaths. HCC risk factors include non-viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, environmental exposures, and genetic factors. No specific genetic alterations are unequivocally linked to HCC tumorigenesis. Current standard therapies include surgical options, systemic chemotherapy, and kinase inhibitors, like sorafenib and regorafenib. Immunotherapy, targeting immune checkpoints, represents a promising avenue. FDA-approved checkpoint inhibitors, such as atezolizumab and pembrolizumab, show efficacy, and combination therapies enhance clinical responses. Despite this, the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a challenge, as the complex tumor ecosystem and the immunosuppressive microenvironment associated with it hamper the efficacy of the available therapeutic approaches. This review explores current and advanced approaches to treat HCC, considering both known and new potential targets, especially derived from proteomic analysis, which is today considered as the most promising approach. Exploring novel strategies, this review discusses antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T), and engineered antibodies. It then reports a systematic analysis of the main ligand/receptor pairs and molecular pathways reported to be overexpressed in tumor cells, highlighting their potential and limitations. Finally, it discusses TGFβ, one of the most promising targets of the HCC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Pessino
- Unit of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Scotti
- Unit of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maristella Maggi
- Unit of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Immuno-Hub Consortium
- Unit of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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3
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Maciak S. Cell size, body size and Peto's paradox. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:142. [PMID: 36513976 PMCID: PMC9746147 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is one of the leading health concerns afflicting presumably every single animal species, including humans. Currently, cancer research expands considerably beyond medicine, becoming a focus in other branches of natural science. Accumulating evidence suggests that a proportional scale of tumor deaths involves domestic and wild animals and poses economical or conservation threats to many species. Therefore, understanding the genetic and physiological mechanisms of cancer initiation and its progression is essential for our future action and contingent prevention. From this perspective, I used an evolutionary-based approach to re-evaluate the baseline for debate around Peto's paradox. First, I review the background of information on which current understanding of Peto's paradox and evolutionary concept of carcinogenesis have been founded. The weak points and limitations of theoretical modeling or indirect reasoning in studies based on intraspecific, comparative studies of carcinogenesis are highlighted. This is then followed by detail discussion of an effect of the body mass in cancer research and the importance of cell size in consideration of body architecture; also, I note to the ambiguity around cell size invariance hypothesis and hard data for variability of cell size across species are provided. Finally, I point to the new research area that is driving concepts to identify exact molecular mechanisms promoting the process of tumorigenesis, which in turn may provide a proximate explanation of Peto's paradox. The novelty of the approach proposed therein lies in intraspecies testing of the effect of differentiation of cell size/number on the probability of carcinogenesis while controlling for the confounding effect of body mass/size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Maciak
- grid.25588.320000 0004 0620 6106Department of Evolutionary and Physiological Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, K. Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
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4
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Tower RJ, Bancroft AC, Chowdary AR, Barnes S, Edwards NJ, Pagani CA, Dawson LA, Levi B. Single-cell mapping of regenerative and fibrotic healing responses after musculoskeletal injury. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2334-2348. [PMID: 36150381 PMCID: PMC9561541 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
After injury, a cascade of events repairs the damaged tissue, including expansion and differentiation of the progenitor pool and redeposition of matrix. To guide future wound regeneration strategies, we compared single-cell sequencing of regenerative (third phalangeal element [P3]) and fibrotic (second phalangeal element [P2]) digit tip amputation (DTA) models as well as traumatic heterotopic ossification (HO; aberrant). Analyses point to a common initial response to injury, including expansion of progenitors, redeposition of matrix, and activation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and WNT pathways. Surprisingly, fibrotic P2 DTA showed greater transcriptional similarity to HO than to regenerative P3 DTA, suggesting that gene expression more strongly correlates with healing outcome than with injury type or cell origin. Differential analysis and immunostaining revealed altered activation of inflammatory pathways, such as the complement pathway, in the progenitor cells. These data suggests that common pathways are activated in response to damage but are fine tuned within each injury. Modulating these pathways may shift the balance toward regenerative outcomes. Regenerative and fibrotic injuries share common early response mechanisms Transcriptomes correlate with healing outcome more than injury type or cell source Matrix composition after injury-induced tissue repair is highly injury type dependent Inflammatory cascades are activated in immune and mesenchymal cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Tower
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Alec C Bancroft
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ashish R Chowdary
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Spencer Barnes
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Bioinformatics Core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nicole J Edwards
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chase A Pagani
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lindsay A Dawson
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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5
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Lee IS, Takebe T. Narrative engineering of the liver. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2022; 75:101925. [PMID: 35700688 PMCID: PMC10118678 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2022.101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Liver organoids are primary or pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures that recapitulate regenerative or ontogenetic processes in vitro towards biomedical applications including disease modelling and diagnostics, drug safety and efficacy prediction, and therapeutic use. The cellular composition and structural organization of liver organoids may vary depending on the goal at hand, and the key challenge in general is to direct their development in a rational and controlled fashion for gaining targeted maturity, reproducibility, and scalability. Such endeavor begins with a detailed understanding of the biological processes in space and time behind hepatogenesis, followed by precise translation of these narrative processes through a bioengineering approach. Here, we discuss advancements in liver organoid technology through the lens of 'narrative engineering' in an attempt to synergize evolving understanding around molecular and cellular landscape governing hepatogenesis with engineering-inspired approaches for organoidgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyu S Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan; Communication Design Center, Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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6
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Yan Y, Yuan J, Luo X, Yu X, Lu J, Hou W, He X, Zhang L, Cao J, Wang H. microRNA-140 Regulates PDGFRα and Is Involved in Adipocyte Differentiation. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:907148. [PMID: 35832736 PMCID: PMC9271708 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.907148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the studies of the role of microRNAs in adipogenesis and adipocyte development and the corresponding molecular mechanisms have received great attention. In this work, we investigated the function of miR-140 in the process of adipogenesis and the molecular pathways involved, and we found that adipogenic treatment promoted the miR-140-5p RNA level in preadipocytes. Over-expression of miR-140-5p in preadipocytes accelerated lipogenesis along with adipogenic differentiation by transcriptional modulation of adipogenesis-linked genes. Meanwhile, silencing endogenous miR-140-5p dampened adipogenesis. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) was shown to be a miR-140-5p target gene. miR-140-5p over-expression in preadipocyte 3T3-L1 diminished PDGFRα expression, but silencing of miR-140-5p augmented it. In addition, over-expression of PDGFRα suppressed adipogenic differentiation and lipogenesis, while its knockdown enhanced these biological processes of preadipocyte 3T3-L1. Altogether, our current findings reveal that miR-140-5p induces lipogenesis and adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells by targeting PDGFRα, therefore regulating adipogenesis. Our research provides molecular targets and a theoretical basis for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Jiahui Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xiaomao Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xiuju Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Jiayin Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Wei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, GA, United States
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Haidong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- *Correspondence: Haidong Wang,
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7
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Yu S, Ericson M, Fanjul A, Erion DM, Paraskevopoulou M, Smith EN, Cole B, Feaver R, Holub C, Gavva N, Horman SR, Huang J. Genome-wide CRISPR Screening to Identify Drivers of TGF-β-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Human Hepatic Stellate Cells. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:918-929. [PMID: 35274923 PMCID: PMC9016707 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis progression in chronic liver disease leads to cirrhosis, liver failure, or hepatocellular carcinoma and often ends in liver transplantation. Even with an increased understanding of liver fibrogenesis and many attempts to generate therapeutics specifically targeting fibrosis, there is no approved treatment for liver fibrosis. To further understand and characterize the driving mechanisms of liver fibrosis, we developed a high-throughput genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening platform to identify hepatic stellate cell (HSC)-derived mediators of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced liver fibrosis. The functional genomics phenotypic screening platform described here revealed the novel biology of TGF-β-induced fibrogenesis and potential drug targets for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yu
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Matthew Ericson
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Andrea Fanjul
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Derek M. Erion
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Maria Paraskevopoulou
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Erin N. Smith
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Banumathi Cole
- HemoShear Therapeutics, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia 22902, United States
| | - Ryan Feaver
- HemoShear Therapeutics, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia 22902, United States
| | - Corine Holub
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Narender Gavva
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Shane R. Horman
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jie Huang
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, United States
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Wan X, Zhou M, Huang F, Zhao N, Chen X, Wu Y, Zhu W, Ni Z, Jin F, Wang Y, Hu Z, Chen X, Ren M, Zhang H, Zha X. AKT1-CREB stimulation of PDGFRα expression is pivotal for PTEN deficient tumor development. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:172. [PMID: 33568640 PMCID: PMC7876135 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As evidenced by the behavior of loss-of-function mutants of PTEN in the context of a gain-of-function mutation of AKT1, the PTEN-AKT1 signaling pathway plays a critical role in human cancers. In this study, we demonstrated that a deficiency in PTEN or activation of AKT1 potentiated the expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) based on studies on Pten-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts, human cancer cell lines, the hepatic tissues of Pten conditional knockout mice, and human cancer tissues. Loss of PTEN enhanced PDGFRα expression via activation of the AKT1-CREB signaling cascade. CREB transactivated PDGFRα expression by direct binding of the promoter of the PDGFRα gene. Depletion of PDGFRα attenuated the tumorigenicity of Pten-null cells in nude mice. Moreover, the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway has been shown to positively correlate with PDGFRα expression in multiple cancers. Augmented PDGFRα was associated with poor survival of cancer patients. Lastly, combination treatment with the AKT inhibitor MK-2206 and the PDGFR inhibitor CP-673451 displayed synergistic anti-tumor effects. Therefore, activation of the AKT1-CREB-PDGFRα signaling pathway contributes to the tumor growth induced by PTEN deficiency and should be targeted for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Laboratory, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fuqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuncui Wu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wanhui Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaofei Ni
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fuquan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yani Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xianguo Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Ren
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaojun Zha
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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9
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Rahman N, Kuramochi M, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. Characterization of Immature Myofibroblasts of Stellate Cell or Mesenchymal Cell Origin in D-Galactosamine-Induced Liver Injury in Rats. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:80-90. [PMID: 33054583 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820963097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lesions of D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced hepatotoxicity resemble those of human acute viral hepatitis. This study investigated hepatic mesenchymal cells including hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and myofibroblasts in D-GalN-induced hepatotoxicity. Rats, injected with D-GalN (800 mg/kg body weight, once, intraperitoneally) were examined on post single injection (PSI) at 8 hours and days 1 to 5. Lesions consisting of hepatocyte necrosis and reparative fibrosis were present diffusely or focally within the hepatic lobules on PSI days 1 and 2, and then the injury recovered on PSI days 3 and 5. Myofibroblasts expressing vimentin, desmin, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were present in the lesions. Double immunofluorescence showed that myofibroblasts reacted simultaneously to vimentin/α-SMA, desmin/α-SMA, and desmin/vimentin; furthermore, myofibroblasts reacting to vimentin, desmin, and α-SMA also co-expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of HSCs. Additionally, GFAP-expressing myofibroblasts reacted to nestin and A3 (both are markers of immature mesenchymal cells). Cells reacting to Thy-1, a marker for immature mesenchymal cells, also appeared in fibrotic lesions. In agreement with the myofibroblastic appearance, mRNAs of fibrosis-related factors (TGF-β1, PDGF-β, TNF-α, Timp2, and Mmp2) increased mainly on PSI days 1 and 2. Myofibroblasts with expression of various cytoskeletal proteins were present in diffuse or focal hepatic lesions, and they might be derived partly from immature HSCs and from immature mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Rahman
- 13311Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano City, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Izawa
- 13311Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano City, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Jyoji Yamate
- 13311Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano City, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Gao J, Wei B, de Assuncao TM, Liu Z, Hu X, Ibrahim S, Cooper SA, Cao S, Shah VH, Kostallari E. Hepatic stellate cell autophagy inhibits extracellular vesicle release to attenuate liver fibrosis. J Hepatol 2020; 73:1144-1154. [PMID: 32389810 PMCID: PMC7572579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Autophagy plays a crucial role in hepatic homeostasis and its deregulation has been associated with chronic liver disease. However, the effect of autophagy on the release of fibrogenic extracellular vesicles (EVs) by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) remains unknown. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the role of autophagy, specifically relating to fibrogenic EV release, in fibrosis. METHODS In vitro experiments were conducted in primary human and murine HSCs as well as LX2 cells. Small EVs were purified by differential ultracentrifugation. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or bile duct ligation (BDL) were used to induce fibrosis in our mouse model. Liver lysates from patients with cirrhosis or healthy controls were compared by RNA sequencing. RESULTS In vitro, PDGF and its downstream molecule SHP2 (Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2) inhibited autophagy and increased HSC-derived EV release. We used this PDGF/SHP2 model to further investigate how autophagy affects fibrogenic EV release. RNA sequencing identified an mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling molecule that was regulated by SHP2 and PDGF. Disruption of mTOR signaling abolished PDGF-dependent EV release. Activation of mTOR signaling induced the release of multivesicular body-derived exosomes (by inhibiting autophagy) and microvesicles (by activating ROCK1 signaling). These mTOR-dependent EVs promoted in vitro HSC migration. To assess the importance of this mechanism in vivo, SHP2 was selectively deleted in HSCs, which attenuated CCl4- or BDL-induced liver fibrosis. Furthermore, in the CCl4 model, mice receiving circulating EVs derived from mice with HSC-specific Shp2 deletion had less fibrosis than mice receiving EVs from control mice. Correspondingly, SHP2 was upregulated in patients with liver cirrhosis. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that autophagy in HSCs attenuates liver fibrosis by inhibiting the release of fibrogenic EVs. LAY SUMMARY During liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the key cell type responsible for fibrotic tissue deposition. Recently, we demonstrated that activated HSCs release nano-sized vesicles enriched with fibrogenic proteins. In the current study, we unveil the mechanism by which these fibrogenic vesicles are released, moving a step closer to the long-term goal of therapeutically targeting this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhang Gao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Bo Wei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | | | - Zhikui Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Xiao Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Samar Ibrahim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Shawna A. Cooper
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Sheng Cao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Enis Kostallari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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11
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Kikuchi A, Singh S, Poddar M, Nakao T, Schmidt HM, Gayden JD, Sato T, Arteel GE, Monga SP. Hepatic Stellate Cell-Specific Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor-α Loss Reduces Fibrosis and Promotes Repair after Hepatocellular Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:2080-2094. [PMID: 32615075 PMCID: PMC7527859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α plays roles in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation; however, its function in chronic liver injury sequelae, such as fibrosis, is unknown. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the primary mediators of fibrosis, undergo activation, which entails differentiation to myofibroblasts, proliferation, migration, and collagen deposition, partially in response to PDGFs. To examine the role of PDGFR-α in HSCs, Lrat-Cre recombinase and Pdgfra-floxed mice were bred to generate Lrat-CrePdgfra-/- (knockout) animals, which were subjected to chronic liver injury through carbon tetrachloride treatment, bile duct ligation, and 0.1% 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine. Although no major difference was observed after other types of liver injury, PDGFR-α loss in HSCs led to a significant albeit transient reduction in fibrosis after carbon tetrachloride injury, associated with increased HSC death and reduced migration. There was continued alleviation of hepatocellular injury in knockout mice despite ongoing carbon tetrachloride insult, associated with increased numbers of CD68 and F480 macrophages and increased clearance of damaged hepatocytes. Altogether our findings support a profibrotic role of PDGFR-α in HSCs during chronic liver injury in vivo via regulation of HSC survival and migration and affect the immune microenvironment, especially macrophages in clearing dying hepatocytes. Thus, our study provides a preclinical foundation for the future testing of therapeutic PDGFR-α inhibition in hepatic fibrosis, especially in combination with other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kikuchi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sucha Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Minakshi Poddar
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Toshimasa Nakao
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Heidi Marie Schmidt
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jenesis D Gayden
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Toshifumi Sato
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gavin E Arteel
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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12
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Du ZQ, Dong J, Li MX, Zhang JF, Bi JB, Ren YF, Zhang LN, Wu RQ, Monga SPS, Lv Y, Zhang XF, Wang HC. Overexpression of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Α D842V Mutants Prevents Liver Regeneration and Chemically Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis via Inhibition of MET and EGFR. J Cancer 2020; 11:4614-4624. [PMID: 32489479 PMCID: PMC7255377 DOI: 10.7150/jca.44492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth receptor α (PDGFRα) is a key factor in many pathophysiological processes. The expression level of PDGFRα is significantly elevated in the early stage of liver development and maintained at a lower level in adult normal livers. In this study, we constructed a liver-specific PDGFRαD842 mutant transgenic (TG) mice model to explore the effect of continuous activation of PDGFRα on liver regeneration and hepatocarcinogenesis. 14-day-old TG and wild-type (WT) mice were intraperitoneally injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at a dose of 25 μg/g body weight. Two-month-old male TG and WT mice were subjected to partial hepatectomy (PH). The liver tissues were collected for further analysis at different time points. Overexpression of PDGFRα D842V and its target genes, Akt, c-myc and cyclin D1 in hepatocytes with no overt phenotype versus WT mice were compared. Unexpectedly, a dramatic decrease in hepatocyte proliferation was noted after PH in TG versus WT mice, possibly due to the downregulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). No TG mice developed HCC spontaneously after 14 months follow-up. However, TG mice were more resistant to DEN-induced hapatocarcinogenesis at 6, 10, and 12 months of age, showing delayed hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis, lower tumor incidence, smaller size and fewer number, compared with age-matched WTs, partially through downregulation of MET and EGFR. In conclusion, continuous activation of PDGFRα signaling by expression of PDGFRα D842V does not promote, but inhibit hepatic regeneration and hepatocarcinogenesis, possibly through compensatory downregulation of MET and EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Qing Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Mu-Xing Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.,Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jian-Fei Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Jian-Bin Bi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Yi-Fan Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Li-Na Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rong-Qian Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Satdarshan P S Monga
- Department of Pathology and Medicine and Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yi Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Xu-Feng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Hai-Chen Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
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13
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Hoffmann K, Nagel AJ, Tanabe K, Fuchs J, Dehlke K, Ghamarnejad O, Lemekhova A, Mehrabi A. Markers of liver regeneration-the role of growth factors and cytokines: a systematic review. BMC Surg 2020; 20:31. [PMID: 32050952 PMCID: PMC7017496 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-019-0664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-hepatectomy liver failure contributes significantly to postoperative mortality after liver resection. The prediction of the individual risk for liver failure is challenging. This review aimed to provide an overview of cytokine and growth factor triggered signaling pathways involved in liver regeneration after resection. METHODS MEDLINE and Cochrane databases were searched without language restrictions for articles from the time of inception of the databases till March 2019. All studies with comparative data on the effect of cytokines and growth factors on liver regeneration in animals and humans were included. RESULTS Overall 3.353 articles comprising 40 studies involving 1.498 patients and 101 animal studies were identified and met the inclusion criteria. All included trials on humans were retrospective cohort/observational studies. There was substantial heterogeneity across all included studies with respect to the analyzed cytokines and growth factors and the described endpoints. CONCLUSION High-level evidence on serial measurements of growth factors and cytokines in blood samples used to predict liver regeneration after resection is still lacking. To address the heterogeneity of patients and potential markers, high throughput serial analyses may offer a method to predict an individual's regenerative potential in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Hoffmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ruprecht Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 110 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Alexander Johannes Nagel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ruprecht Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 110 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kazukata Tanabe
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ruprecht Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 110 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Karolin Dehlke
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ruprecht Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 110 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Omid Ghamarnejad
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ruprecht Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 110 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Lemekhova
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ruprecht Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 110 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arianeb Mehrabi
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ruprecht Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 110 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Burrows K, Ngai L, Wong F, Won D, Mortha A. ILC2 Activation by Protozoan Commensal Microbes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194865. [PMID: 31574995 PMCID: PMC6801642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a member of the ILC family and are involved in protective and pathogenic type 2 responses. Recent research has highlighted their involvement in modulating tissue and immune homeostasis during health and disease and has uncovered critical signaling circuits. While interactions of ILC2s with the bacterial microbiome are rather sparse, other microbial members of our microbiome, including helminths and protozoans, reveal new and exciting mechanisms of tissue regulation by ILC2s. Here we summarize the current field on ILC2 activation by the tissue and immune environment and highlight particularly new intriguing pathways of ILC2 regulation by protozoan commensals in the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Burrows
- University of Toronto, Department of Immunology, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Louis Ngai
- University of Toronto, Department of Immunology, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Flora Wong
- University of Toronto, Department of Immunology, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Ranomics, Inc. Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - David Won
- University of Toronto, Department of Immunology, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Arthur Mortha
- University of Toronto, Department of Immunology, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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15
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Zhang R, Kikuchi AT, Nakao T, Russell JO, Preziosi ME, Poddar M, Singh S, Bell AW, England SG, Monga SP. Elimination of Wnt Secretion From Stellate Cells Is Dispensable for Zonation and Development of Liver Fibrosis Following Hepatobiliary Injury. Gene Expr 2019; 19:121-136. [PMID: 30236172 PMCID: PMC6466178 DOI: 10.3727/105221618x15373858350141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the Wnt signaling pathway including those impacting hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have been implicated in liver fibrosis. In the current study, we first examined the expression of Wnt genes in human HSC (HHSCs) after treatment with a profibrogenic factor TGF-β1. Next, we generated HSC-specific Wntless (Wls) knockout (KO) using the Lrat-cre and Wls-floxed mice. KO and littermate controls (CON) were characterized for any basal phenotype and subjected to two liver fibrosis protocols. In vitro, TGF-β1 induced expression of Wnt2, 5a and 9a while decreasing Wnt2b, 3a, 4, and 11 in HHSC. In vivo, KO and CON mice were born at normal Mendelian ratio and lacked any overt phenotype. Loss of Wnt secretion from HSCs had no effect on liver weight and did not impact β-catenin activation in the pericentral hepatocytes. After 7 days of bile duct ligation (BDL), KO and CON showed comparable levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total and direct bilirubin. Comparable histology, Sirius red staining, and immunohistochemistry for α-SMA, desmin, Ki-67, F4/80, and CD45 indicated similar proliferation, inflammation, and portal fibrosis in both groups. Biweekly administration of carbon tetrachloride for 4 or 8 weeks also led to comparable serum biochemistry, inflammation, and fibrosis in KO and CON. Specific Wnt genes were altered in HHSCs in response to TGF-β1; however, eliminating Wnt secretion from HSC did not impact basal β-catenin activation in normal liver nor did it alter the injury-repair response during development of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander T Kikuchi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Toshimasa Nakao
- Department of Organ Transplantation and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medical School, Hirokoji, Kawaramachi, Kamikyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jacquelyn O Russell
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Morgan E Preziosi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Minakshi Poddar
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sucha Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aaron W Bell
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven G England
- Future Therapeutics and Technologies, Abbvie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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16
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Lee S, Zhou P, Gupta A, Shin S. Reactive Ductules Are Associated With Angiogenesis and Tumor Cell Proliferation in Pediatric Liver Cancer. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:1199-1212. [PMID: 30288475 PMCID: PMC6167070 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While reactive ductules (RDs) have been observed in viral hepatitis, biliary atresia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and adult hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), RDs in pediatric liver cancer remain uncharacterized. This study investigated the relationship of RDs with angiogenic paracrine factors, the extent of angiogenesis, and tumor cell proliferation in pediatric hepatoblastoma (HBL)/HCC livers. We quantified the extent of RDs and their expression of paracrine factors that include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGFD), platelet‐derived growth factor C, and angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1). In addition, we performed immunohistochemical detection of the endothelial marker clusters of differentiation (CD)34 and the proliferation marker Ki67 followed by correlation analyses. In HBL, we found the percentage of RDs with Ki67 expression (% Ki67+ RDs) significantly correlated with intratumoral Ki67+ areas (r = 0.5138, P = 0.0349) and % ANGPT1+ RDs positively correlated with % Ki67+ RDs (r = 0.5851, P = 0.0136). In HCC, the high ANGPT1+ RDs group (i.e., cases with % ANGPT1+ RDs ≥50) exhibited high intratumoral Ki67+ areas compared to the low ANGPT1+ RDs group. In the combined HBL and HCC liver tumor group, there was a positive association between % platelet‐derived growth factor C+ RDs and intratumoral Ki67+ areas (r = 0.4712, P = 0.0099) and the high VEGFD+ RDs group (≥50%) exhibited a high number of peritumoral CD34+ vessels compared to the low VEGFD+ RDs group. Conclusion: Paracrine factor‐expressing RDs are associated with angiogenesis and proliferation of pediatric liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Lee
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH
| | - Ping Zhou
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH
| | - Anita Gupta
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH
| | - Soona Shin
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH
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17
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Novel 2-phenyloxypyrimidine derivative induces apoptosis and autophagy via inhibiting PI3K pathway and activating MAPK/ERK signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10923. [PMID: 30026540 PMCID: PMC6053381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Because most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages of the disease, multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib is the only available drug to show limited effectiveness. Novel and effective therapies are unmet medical need for advanced HCC patients. Given that the aberrant expression and activity of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) are closely associated with the pathogenesis of HCC, here we present the discovery and identification of a novel PDGFRα inhibitor, N-(3-((4-(benzofuran-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)oxy)-4-methylphenyl)-4-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide (E5) after comparison of different derivatives. We found that E5 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in HCC cells. Since the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK partially rescued HCC cells from E5-reduced cell viability, autophagic cell death triggered by E5 was subsequently investigated. E5 could induce the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, increase the expression of Atg5 and restore the autophagy flux blocked by chloroquine. Meanwhile, E5 was able to downregulate the PDGFRα/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and to activate MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Taken together, in addition to the possibility of E5 as a valuable drug candidate, the present study further supports the notion that targeted inhibition of PDGFRα is a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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18
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Kostallari E, Hirsova P, Prasnicka A, Verma VK, Yaqoob U, Wongjarupong N, Roberts LR, Shah VH. Hepatic stellate cell-derived platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha-enriched extracellular vesicles promote liver fibrosis in mice through SHP2. Hepatology 2018; 68:333-348. [PMID: 29360139 PMCID: PMC6033667 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Liver fibrosis is characterized by the activation and migration of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), followed by matrix deposition. Recently, several studies have shown the importance of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from liver cells, such as hepatocytes and endothelial cells, in liver pathobiology. While most of the studies describe how liver cells modulate HSC behavior, an important gap exists in the understanding of HSC-derived signals and more specifically HSC-derived EVs in liver fibrosis. Here, we investigated the molecules released through HSC-derived EVs, the mechanism of their release, and the role of these EVs in fibrosis. Mass spectrometric analysis showed that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor-alpha (PDGFRα) was enriched in EVs derived from PDGF-BB-treated HSCs. Moreover, patients with liver fibrosis had increased PDGFRα levels in serum EVs compared to healthy individuals. Mechanistically, in vitro tyrosine720-to-phenylalanine mutation on the PDGFRα sequence abolished enrichment of PDGFRα in EVs and redirected the receptor toward degradation. Congruently, the inhibition of Src homology 2 domain tyrosine phosphatase 2, the regulatory binding partner of phosphorylated tyrosine720, also inhibited PDGFRα enrichment in EVs. EVs derived from PDGFRα-overexpressing cells promoted in vitro HSC migration and in vivo liver fibrosis. Finally, administration of Src homology 2 domain tyrosine phosphatase 2inhibitor, SHP099, to carbon tetrachloride-administered mice inhibited PDGFRα enrichment in serum EVs and reduced liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION PDGFRα is enriched in EVs derived from PDGF-BB-treated HSCs in an Src homology 2 domain tyrosine phosphatase 2-dependent manner and these PDGFRα-enriched EVs participate in development of liver fibrosis. (Hepatology 2018;68:333-348).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enis Kostallari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Petra Hirsova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Alena Prasnicka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Department of Pharmacology, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vikas K. Verma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Usman Yaqoob
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Lewis R. Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Coll M, Perea L, Boon R, Leite SB, Vallverdú J, Mannaerts I, Smout A, El Taghdouini A, Blaya D, Rodrigo-Torres D, Graupera I, Aguilar-Bravo B, Chesne C, Najimi M, Sokal E, Lozano JJ, van Grunsven LA, Verfaillie CM, Sancho-Bru P. Generation of Hepatic Stellate Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Enables In Vitro Modeling of Liver Fibrosis. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 23:101-113.e7. [PMID: 30049452 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of complex in vitro hepatic systems and artificial liver devices has been hampered by the lack of reliable sources for relevant cell types, such as hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Here we report efficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into HSC-like cells (iPSC-HSCs). iPSC-HSCs closely resemble primary human HSCs at the transcriptional, cellular, and functional levels and possess a gene expression profile intermediate between that of quiescent and activated HSCs. Functional analyses revealed that iPSC-HSCs accumulate retinyl esters in lipid droplets and are activated in response to mediators of wound healing, similar to their in vivo counterparts. When maintained as 3D spheroids with HepaRG hepatocytes, iPSC-HSCs exhibit a quiescent phenotype but mount a fibrogenic response and secrete pro-collagen in response to known stimuli and hepatocyte toxicity. Thus, this protocol provides a robust in vitro system for studying HSC development, modeling liver fibrosis, and drug toxicity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Coll
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Perea
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben Boon
- Stem Cell Institute Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofia B Leite
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julia Vallverdú
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inge Mannaerts
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ayla Smout
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adil El Taghdouini
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Delia Blaya
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Rodrigo-Torres
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Graupera
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Aguilar-Bravo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Etienne Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Juan José Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leo A van Grunsven
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Drinane MC, Yaqoob U, Yu H, Luo F, Greuter T, Arab JP, Kostallari E, Verma VK, Maiers J, De Assuncao TM, Simons M, Mukhopadhyay D, Kisseleva T, Brenner DA, Urrutia R, Lomberk G, Gao Y, Ligresti G, Tschumperlin DJ, Revzin A, Cao S, Shah VH. Synectin promotes fibrogenesis by regulating PDGFR isoforms through distinct mechanisms. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92821. [PMID: 29263300 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The scaffold protein synectin plays a critical role in the trafficking and regulation of membrane receptor pathways. As platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) is essential for hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis, we sought to determine the role of synectin on the PDGFR pathway and development of liver fibrosis. Mice with deletion of synectin from HSC were found to be protected from liver fibrosis. mRNA sequencing revealed that knockdown of synectin in HSC demonstrated reductions in the fibrosis pathway of genes, including PDGFR-β. Chromatin IP assay of the PDGFR-β promoter upon synectin knockdown revealed a pattern of histone marks associated with decreased transcription, dependent on p300 histone acetyltransferase. Synectin knockdown was found to downregulate PDGFR-α protein levels, as well, but through an alternative mechanism: protection from autophagic degradation. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that ubiquitination of specific PDGFR-α lysine residues was responsible for its autophagic degradation. Furthermore, functional studies showed decreased PDGF-dependent migration and proliferation of HSC after synectin knockdown. Finally, human cirrhotic livers demonstrated increased synectin protein levels. This work provides insight into differential transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms of synectin regulation of PDGFRs, which are critical to fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Drinane
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Usman Yaqoob
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Haibin Yu
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanghong Luo
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Thomas Greuter
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Juan P Arab
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Enis Kostallari
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vikas K Verma
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jessica Maiers
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Thiago Milech De Assuncao
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael Simons
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Raul Urrutia
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gwen Lomberk
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yandong Gao
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sheng Cao
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vijay H Shah
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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21
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Govaere O, Petz M, Wouters J, Vandewynckel YP, Scott EJ, Topal B, Nevens F, Verslype C, Anstee QM, Van Vlierberghe H, Mikulits W, Roskams T. The PDGFRα-laminin B1-keratin 19 cascade drives tumor progression at the invasive front of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2017; 36:6605-6616. [PMID: 28783171 PMCID: PMC5702717 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) expressing the biliary/hepatic progenitor cell marker keratin 19 (K19) have been linked with a poor prognosis and exhibit an increase in platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) and laminin beta 1 (LAMB1) expression. PDGFRα has been reported to induce de novo synthesis of LAMB1 protein in a Sjogren syndrome antigen B (La/SSB)-dependent manner in a murine metastasis model. However, the role of this cascade in human HCC remains unclear. This study focused on the functional role of the PDGFRα-La/SSB-LAMB1 pathway and its molecular link to K19 expression in human HCC. In surgical HCC specimens from a cohort of 136 patients, PDGFRα expression correlated with K19 expression, microvascular invasion and metastatic spread. In addition, PDGFRα expression in pre-operative needle biopsy specimens predicted poor overall survival during a 5-year follow-up period. Consecutive histological staining demonstrated that the signaling components of the PDGFRα-La/SSB-LAMB1 pathway were strongly expressed at the invasive front. K19-positive HCC cells displayed high levels of α2β1 integrin (ITG) receptor, both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro activation of PDGFRα signaling triggered the translocation of nuclear La/SSB into the cytoplasm, enhanced the protein synthesis of LAMB1 by activating its internal ribosome entry site, which in turn led to increased secretion of laminin-111. This effect was abrogated by the PDGFRα-specific inhibitor crenolanib. Importantly LAMB1 stimulated ITG-dependent focal adhesion kinase/Src proto-oncogene non-receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. It also promoted the ITG-specific downstream target Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2, induced K19 expression in an autocrine manner, invadopodia formation and cell invasion. Finally, we showed that the knockdown of LAMB1 or K19 in subcutaneous xenograft mouse models resulted in significant loss of cells invading the surrounding stromal tissue and reduced HepG2 colonization into lung and liver after tail vein injection. The PDGFRα-LAMB1 pathway supports tumor progression at the invasive front of human HCC through K19 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Govaere
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Liver Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - M Petz
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Wouters
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Y-P Vandewynckel
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - E J Scott
- Liver Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - B Topal
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Nevens
- Department of Hepatology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Verslype
- Department of Hepatology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Q M Anstee
- Liver Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - H Van Vlierberghe
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - W Mikulits
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Roskams
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Liu C, Ren YF, Dong J, Ke MY, Ma F, Monga SPS, Wu R, Lv Y, Zhang XF. Activation of SRY accounts for male-specific hepatocarcinogenesis: Implication in gender disparity of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2017; 410:20-31. [PMID: 28942012 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sex affects the risk, treatment responses and outcome of many types of cancers. The mechanism of gender disparity in development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains obscure. Sex-determining region on Y chromosome (SRY) was overexpressed in approximate 84% male patient HCC. Moreover, we are the first to generate a liver-specific transgenic (TG) murine model with overexpression of the male specific gene SRY. Subject to a single intraperitoneal injection N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) at day 14, TG and wildtype (WT) mice of both genders were sacrificed at different time points (6-13.5 months). Overexpression of SRY in male TG and ectopic expression of SRY in female TG livers promoted DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis compared to age- and sex-matched WT. This accelerated tumorigenesis in TG of both genders was a consequence of increased injury and inflammation, fibrosis, and compensatory enhancement in hepatocytes proliferation secondary to activation of downstream targets Sox9 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and c-myc/CyclinD1. In conclusion, activation of SRY and its downstream Sox9 and PDGFRα pathways are commonly involved in male hepatocarcinogenesis, which provides novel insights into gender disparity and sex-specific therapeutic strategies of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China; Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China; Shaanxi Provincial Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering Research Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Yi-Fan Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China; Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China; Shaanxi Provincial Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering Research Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China; Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China; Shaanxi Provincial Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering Research Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Meng-Yun Ke
- Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China; Shaanxi Provincial Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering Research Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Feng Ma
- Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China; Shaanxi Provincial Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering Research Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Satdarshan P S Monga
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rongqian Wu
- Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China; Shaanxi Provincial Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering Research Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China; Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China; Shaanxi Provincial Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering Research Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.
| | - Xu-Feng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China; Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China; Shaanxi Provincial Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering Research Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.
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23
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Kikuchi A, Pradhan-Sundd T, Singh S, Nagarajan S, Loizos N, Monga SP. Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor α Contributes to Human Hepatic Stellate Cell Proliferation and Migration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2273-2287. [PMID: 28734947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα), a tyrosine kinase receptor, is up-regulated in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) during chronic liver injury. HSCs mediate hepatic fibrosis through their activation from a quiescent state partially in response to profibrotic growth factors. HSC activation entails enhanced expression of profibrotic genes, increase in proliferation, and increase in motility, which facilitates migration within the hepatic lobule. We show colocalization of PDGFRα in murine carbon tetrachloride, bile duct ligation, and 0.1% 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine models of chronic liver injury, and investigate the role of PDGFRα on proliferation, profibrotic gene expression, and migration in primary human HSCs (HHSteCs) using the PDGFRα-specific inhibitory monoclonal antibody olaratumab. Although lacking any effects on HHSteC transdifferentiation assessed by gene expression of ACTA2, TGFB1, COL1A1, SYP1, and FN1, olaratumab specifically reduced HHSteC proliferation (AlamarBlue assay) and cell migration (transwell migration assays). Using phospho-specific antibodies, we show that olaratumab attenuates PDGFRα activation in response to PDGF-BB, and reduced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2, Elk-1, p38, Akt, focal adhesion kinase, mechanistic target of rapamycin, C10 regulator of kinase II, and C10 regulator of kinase-like, suggesting that PDGFRα contributes to mitogenesis and actin reorganization through diverse downstream effectors. Our findings support a distinct contribution of PDGFRα signaling to HSC proliferation and migration and provide evidence that inhibition of PDGFRα signaling could alter the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kikuchi
- Department of Pathology and Medicine and Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tirthadipa Pradhan-Sundd
- Department of Pathology and Medicine and Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sucha Singh
- Department of Pathology and Medicine and Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shanmugam Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology and Medicine and Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nick Loizos
- Department of Immunology, Eli Lilly and Company, New York, New York
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Department of Pathology and Medicine and Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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24
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Zhou CX, Wang CL, Yu AL, Wang QY, Zhan MN, Tang J, Gong XF, Yin QQ, He M, He JR, Chen GQ, Zhao Q. MiR-630 suppresses breast cancer progression by targeting metadherin. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1288-99. [PMID: 26595523 PMCID: PMC4811460 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs have been integrated into tumorigenic programs as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. The miR-630 was reported to be deregulated and involved in tumor progression of several human malignancies. However, its expression regulation shows diversity in different kinds of cancers and its potential roles remain greatly elusive. Herein, we demonstrate that miR-630 is significantly suppressed in human breast cancer specimens, as well as in various breast cancer cell lines. In aggressive MDA-MB-231-luc and BT549 breast cancer cells, ectopic expression of miR-630 strongly inhibits cell motility and invasive capacity in vitro. Moreover, lentivirus delivered miR-630 bestows MDA-MB-231-luc cells with the ability to suppress cell colony formation in vitro and pulmonary metastasis in vivo. Further studies identify metadherin (MTDH) as a direct target gene of miR-630. Functional studies shows that MTDH contributes to miR-630-endowed effects including cell migration and invasion as well as colony formation in vitro. Taken together, these findings highlight an important role for miR-630 in the regulation of metastatic potential of breast cancer and suggest a potential application of miR-630 in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chen-Long Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - An-Lu Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qiu-Yu Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Meng-Na Zhan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Institute of Health Sciences, SJTU-SM & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiu-Feng Gong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qian-Qian Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ming He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jian-Rong He
- Department of General Surgery, Rui-Jin Hospital, SJTU-SM, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China.,Institute of Health Sciences, SJTU-SM & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
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25
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Wang Q, Tang Y, Yu H, Yin Q, Li M, Shi L, Zhang W, Li D, Li L. CCL18 from tumor-cells promotes epithelial ovarian cancer metastasis via mTOR signaling pathway. Mol Carcinog 2016; 55:1688-1699. [PMID: 26457987 PMCID: PMC5057350 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CCL18 is a chemotactic cytokine involved in the pathogenesis and progression of various disorders, including cancer. Previously, our results showed high levels of CCL18 in the serum of epithelial ovarian carcinoma patients suggesting its potential as a circulating biomarker. In this study, we determined that CCL18 expression was up-regulated in ovarian carcinoma compared with adjacent tissue and was expressed in carcinoma cells in the tumor and not in normal ovarian epithelial cells by laser capture microdissection coupled with real-time RT-PCR. Moreover, correlation analysis showed that the CCL18 level was positively correlated with the metastasis of patients with ovarian cancer. Survival analysis also revealed that an increased level of CCL18 was associated with worse survival time in ovarian cancer patients. Over-expression of CCL18 led to enhanced migration and invasion of the Skov3 ovarian cancer cell line in vitro and in vivo. Finally, proteomics analysis demonstrated that CCL18-mediated ovarian cancer invasiveness was strongly correlated with the mTORC2 pathway. These findings suggest that the CCL18 chemokine has an important role in chemokine-mediated tumor metastasis, and may serve as a potential predictor for poor survival outcomes for ovarian cancer. © 2015 The Authors. Molecular Carcinogenesis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
| | - Hongjing Yu
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
| | - Qiaoyun Yin
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
| | - Lijun Shi
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
| | - Danrong Li
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
| | - Li Li
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China.
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26
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Zhang H, Siegel CT, Shuai L, Lai J, Zeng L, Zhang Y, Lai X, Bie P, Bai L. Repair of liver mediated by adult mouse liver neuro-glia antigen 2-positive progenitor cell transplantation in a mouse model of cirrhosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21783. [PMID: 26905303 PMCID: PMC4764864 DOI: 10.1038/srep21783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NG2-expressing cells are a population of periportal vascular stem/progenitors (MLpvNG2(+) cells) that were isolated from healthy adult mouse liver by using a "Percoll-Plate-Wait" procedure. We demonstrated that isolated cells are able to restore liver function after transplantation into a cirrhotic liver, and co-localized with the pericyte marker (immunohistochemistry: PDGFR-β) and CK19. Cells were positive for: stem cell (Sca-1, CD133, Dlk) and liver stem cell markers (EpCAM, CD14, CD24, CD49f); and negative for: hematopoietic (CD34, CD45) and endothelial markers (CD31, vWf, von Willebrand factor). Cells were transplanted (1 × 10(6) cells) in mice with diethylnitrosamine-induced cirrhosis at week 6. Cells showed increased hepatic associated gene expression of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), Albumin (Alb), Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pc), SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9 (Sox9), hepatic nuclear factors (HNF1a, HNF1β, HNF3β, HNF4α, HNF6, Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), Leucine-rich repeated-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5-positive (Lgr5) and Tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT). Cells showed decreased fibrogenesis, hepatic stellate cell infiltration, Kupffer cells and inflammatory cytokines. Liver function markers improved. In a cirrhotic liver environment, cells could differentiate into hepatic lineages. In addition, grafted MLpvNG2(+) cells could mobilize endogenous stem/progenitors to participate in liver repair. These results suggest that MLpvNG2(+) cells may be novel adult liver progenitors that participate in liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwestern Hospital, No. 30 Gaotanyan, ShapingBa Distract, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Christopher T. Siegel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Case Western Reserve University Hospital, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
| | - Ling Shuai
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwestern Hospital, No. 30 Gaotanyan, ShapingBa Distract, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiejuan Lai
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwestern Hospital, No. 30 Gaotanyan, ShapingBa Distract, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Linli Zeng
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwestern Hospital, No. 30 Gaotanyan, ShapingBa Distract, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwestern Hospital, No. 30 Gaotanyan, ShapingBa Distract, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiangdong Lai
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwestern Hospital, No. 30 Gaotanyan, ShapingBa Distract, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ping Bie
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwestern Hospital, No. 30 Gaotanyan, ShapingBa Distract, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lianhua Bai
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Southwestern Hospital, No. 30 Gaotanyan, ShapingBa Distract, Chongqing 400038, China
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Iussich S, Maniscalco L, Di Sciuva A, Iotti B, Morello E, Martano M, Gattino F, Buracco P, De Maria R. PDGFRs expression in dogs affected by malignant oral melanomas: correlation with prognosis. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:462-469. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Iussich
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - L. Maniscalco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - A. Di Sciuva
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - B. Iotti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - E. Morello
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - M. Martano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - F. Gattino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - P. Buracco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - R. De Maria
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
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