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Zhang Y, Wang A, Li J, Wu J. Water content estimation of conifer needles using leaf-level hyperspectral data. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1428212. [PMID: 39309177 PMCID: PMC11412879 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1428212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Water is a crucial component for plant growth and survival. Accurately estimating and simulating plant water content can help us promptly monitor the physiological status and stress response of vegetation. In this study, we constructed water loss curves for three types of conifers with morphologically different needles, then evaluated the applicability of 12 commonly used water indices, and finally explored leaf water content estimation from hyperspectral data for needles with various morphology. The results showed that the rate of water loss of Olgan larch is approximately 8 times higher than that of Chinese fir pine and 21 times that of Korean pine. The reflectance changes were most significant in the near infrared region (NIR, 780-1300 nm) and the short-wave infrared region (SWIR, 1300-2500 nm). The water sensitive bands for conifer needles were mainly concentrated in the SWIR region. The water indices were suitable for estimating the water content of a single type of conifer needles. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) model is effective for the water content estimation of all three morphologies of conifer needles, demonstrating that the hyperspectral PLSR model is a promising tool for estimating needles water content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Anzhi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiabing Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
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Haverroth EJ, Rimer IM, Oliveira LA, de Lima LGA, Cesarino I, Martins SCV, McAdam SAM, Cardoso AA. Gradients in embolism resistance within stems driven by secondary growth in herbs. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2986-2998. [PMID: 38644584 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The stems of some herbaceous species can undergo basal secondary growth, leading to a continuum in the degree of woodiness along the stem. Whether the formation of secondary growth in the stem base results in differences in embolism resistance between the base and the upper portions of stems is unknown. We assessed the embolism resistance of leaves and the basal and upper portions of stems simultaneously within the same individuals of two divergent herbaceous species that undergo secondary growth in the mature stem bases. The species were Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Senecio minimus (fireweed). Basal stem in mature plants of both species displayed advanced secondary growth and greater resistance to embolism than the upper stem. This also resulted in significant vulnerability segmentation between the basal stem and the leaves in both species. Greater embolism resistance in the woodier stem base was found alongside decreases in the pith-to-xylem ratio, increases in the proportion of secondary xylem, and increases in lignin content. We show that there can be considerable variation in embolism resistance across the stem in herbs and that this variation is linked to the degree of secondary growth present. A gradient in embolism resistance across the stem in herbaceous plants could be an adaptation to ensure reproduction or basal resprouting during episodes of drought late in the lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J Haverroth
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ian M Rimer
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Leonardo A Oliveira
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leydson G A de Lima
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Center, InovaUSP, Avenida Professor Lucio Martins Rodrigues, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Cesarino
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Center, InovaUSP, Avenida Professor Lucio Martins Rodrigues, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel C V Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Amanda A Cardoso
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Pinto JR, Sloan JL, Ervan G, Burney OT. Physiological and morphological responses of Pinus ponderosa seedlings to moisture limitations in the nursery and their implications for restoration. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1127656. [PMID: 37235020 PMCID: PMC10206177 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1127656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Successful establishment of Pinus ponderosa seedlings in the southwestern United States is often limited by stressful and harsh site conditions related to drought severity and severe disturbances such as wildfire and mining operations. Seedling quality has an important influence on outplanting performance, but nursery practices that typically employ optimal growing environments may also be limiting seedling morphological and physiological performance on stressful outplanting sites. To address this, a study was established to test alterations in seedling characteristics subjected to irrigation limitations during nursery culture and their subsequent outplanting performance. This study was conducted as two separate experiments: (1) a nursery conditioning experiment examined seedling development of three New Mexico seed sources exposed to three irrigation levels (low, moderate, and high); (2) a simulated outplanting experiment examined a subset of the seedlings from experiment 1 in a controlled outplanting environment consisting of two soil moisture conditions (mesic, maintained via irrigation and dry, irrigated only once). In the nursery study, the lack of interactions between seed source and irrigation main effects for most response variables indicate that low irrigation treatment level responses were consistent across a range of sources. Irrigation treatment levels from the nursery resulted in few morphological differences; however, the low irrigation level increased physiological parameters such as net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency. In the simulated outplanting experiment, seedlings subjected to less irrigation in the nursery had greater mean height, diameter, needle dry mass, and stem dry mass; additionally, low irrigation levels in the nursery increased the amount of hydraulically active xylem and xylem flow velocity. Overall, this study shows that nursery culture irrigation limitations, regardless of the seed sources tested, can improve seedling morphology and physiological functioning under simulated dry outplanting conditions. This may ultimately translate to increased survival and growth performance on harsh outplanting sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah R. Pinto
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, United States Forest Service, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Joshua L. Sloan
- Department of Forestry, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, NM, United States
| | - Gokhan Ervan
- John T. Harrington Forestry Research Center, New Mexico State University, Mora, NM, United States
| | - Owen T. Burney
- John T. Harrington Forestry Research Center, New Mexico State University, Mora, NM, United States
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Beikircher B, Sack L, Ganthaler A, Losso A, Mayr S. Hydraulic-stomatal coordination in tree seedlings: tight correlation across environments and ontogeny in Acer pseudoplatanus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1297-1310. [PMID: 34176137 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic conductance is recognized as a major determinant of gas exchange and productivity. However, whether this also applies to seedlings, a critically important stage for vegetation regeneration, has been largely unknown. We analyzed the hydraulic and stomatal conductance of leaves and shoots for 6-wk-old Acer pseudoplatanus seedlings emerging in different lowland and treeline habitats and under glasshouse conditions, respectively, as well as on 9-, 15- and 18-wk-old plants, and related findings to leaf and xylem anatomical traits. Treeline seedlings had higher leaf area-specific shoot hydraulic conductance (Kshoot-L ), and stomatal conductance (gs ), associated with wider xylem conduits, lower leaf area and higher stomatal density than lowland and glasshouse-grown plants. Across the first 18 wk of development, seedlings increased four-fold in absolute shoot hydraulic conductance (Kshoot ) and declined by half in Kshoot-L , with correlated shifts in xylem and leaf anatomy. Distal leaves had higher leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ) and gs compared to basal leaves. Seedlings show strong variation across growth environments and ontogenetic shifts in hydraulic and anatomical parameters. Across growth sites, ontogenetic stages and leaf orders, gs was tightly correlated with Kshoot-L and Kleaf , balancing hydraulic supply with demand for the earliest stages of seedling establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Beikircher
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California (UCLA), 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Andrea Ganthaler
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Adriano Losso
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Stefan Mayr
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
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Hansen BH, Nordtug T, Farkas J, Khan EA, Oteri E, Kvæstad B, Faksness LG, Daling PS, Arukwe A. Toxicity and developmental effects of Arctic fuel oil types on early life stages of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 237:105881. [PMID: 34139396 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the heavy fuel oil (HFO) ban in Arctic maritime transport and new legislations restricting the sulphur content of fuel oils, new fuel oil types are continuously developed. However, the potential impacts of these new fuel oil types on marine ecosystems during accidental spills are largely unknown. In this study, we studied the toxicity of three marine fuel oils (two marine gas oils with low sulphur contents and a heavy fuel oil) in early life stages of cod (Gadus morhua). Embryos were exposed for 4 days to water-soluble fractions of fuel oils at concentrations ranging from 4.1 - 128.3 µg TPAH/L, followed by recovery in clean seawater until 17 days post fertilization. Exposure to all three fuel oils resulted in developmental toxicity, including severe morphological changes, deformations and cardiotoxicity. To assess underlying molecular mechanisms, we studied fuel oil-mediated activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) gene battery and genes related to cardiovascular, angiogenesis and osteogenesis pathways. Overall, our results suggest comparable mechanisms of toxicity for the three fuel oils. All fuel oils caused concentration-dependant increases of cyp1a mRNA which paralleled ahrr, but not ahr1b transcript expression. On the angiogenesis and osteogenesis pathways, fuel oils produced concentration-specific transcriptional effects that were either increasing or decreasing, compared to control embryos. Based on the observed toxic responses, toxicity threshold values were estimated for individual endpoints to assess the most sensitive molecular and physiological effects, suggesting that unresolved petrogenic components may be significant contributors to the observed toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trond Nordtug
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julia Farkas
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Essa A Khan
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erika Oteri
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjarne Kvæstad
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Per S Daling
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
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Merschel AG, Beedlow PA, Shaw DC, Woodruff DR, Lee EH, Cline SP, Comeleo RL, Hagmann RK, Reilly MJ. An Ecological Perspective on Living with Fire in Ponderosa Pine Forests of Oregon and Washington: Resistance, Gone but not Forgotten. TREES, FORESTS AND PEOPLE 2021; 4:10.1016/j.tfp.2021.100074. [PMID: 34017963 PMCID: PMC8128712 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2021.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Wildland fires (WLF) have become more frequent, larger, and severe with greater impacts to society and ecosystems and dramatic increases in firefighting costs. Forests throughout the range of ponderosa pine in Oregon and Washington are jeopardized by the interaction of anomalously dense forest structure, a warming and drying climate, and an expanding human population. These forests evolved with frequent interacting disturbances including low-severity surface fires, droughts, and biological disturbance agents (BDAs). Chronic low-severity disturbances were, and still are, critical to maintaining disturbance resistance, the property of an ecosystem to withstand disturbance while maintaining its structure and ecological function. Restoration of that historical resistance offers multiple social and ecological benefits. Moving forward, we need a shared understanding of the ecology of ponderosa pine forests to appreciate how restoring resistance can reduce the impacts of disturbances. Given contemporary forest conditions, a warming climate, and growing human populations, we predict continued elevation of tree mortality from drought, BDAs, and the large high-severity WLFs that threaten lives and property as well as ecosystem functions and services. We recommend more comprehensive planning to promote greater use of prescribed fire and management of reported fires for ecological benefits, plus increased responsibility and preparedness of local agencies, communities and individual homeowners for WLF and smoke events. Ultimately, by more effectively preparing for fire in the wildland urban interface, and by increasing the resistance of ponderosa pine forests, we can greatly enhance our ability to live with fire and other disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Merschel
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 321 Richardson Hall, 3180 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR. 97331, USA
| | - Peter A Beedlow
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - David C Shaw
- Department of Forest Engineering, Resources, and Management, Oregon State University, 216 Peavy Hall, 3100 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - David R Woodruff
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - E Henry Lee
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Steven P Cline
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Randy L Comeleo
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - R Keala Hagmann
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Applegate Forestry LLC, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Matthew J Reilly
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
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Sloan JL, Burney OT, Pinto JR. Drought-Conditioning of Quaking Aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) Seedlings During Nursery Production Modifies Seedling Anatomy and Physiology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:557894. [PMID: 33013975 PMCID: PMC7498648 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.557894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the western US, quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) regenerates primarily by root suckers after disturbances such as low to moderate severity fires. Planting aspen seedlings grown from seed may provide a mechanism to improve restoration success and genetic diversity on severely disturbed sites. However, few studies have examined the use of container-grown aspen seedlings for restoration purposes from both the outplanting and nursery production perspective. Thus, the purpose of this novel study was to examine how alterations in irrigation levels during nursery production across three seed sources would impact seedling performance attributes on harsh, dry outplanting sites. Irrigation treatments were based on three irrigation levels, determined gravimetrically: High = 90%, Medium = 80%, and Low = 70% of container capacity. The three seed sources represented a latitudinal gradient across the aspen range (New Mexico, Utah, and Alberta). Carbon isotope analysis indicated irrigation treatments were effective in creating higher levels of water stress for both the Low and Medium irrigation levels compared to seedlings under the High irrigation level. Seedlings subject to the Low irrigation level were found to induce greater height, higher photosynthetic rates, larger percentages of hydraulically active xylem, and faster xylem flow velocities compared to the High irrigation level. The lack of an interaction between irrigation treatments and seed source for nearly all response variables suggests that nursery conditioning via irrigation limitations may be effective for a range of aspen seed sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L. Sloan
- John T. Harrington Forestry Research Center, New Mexico State University, Mora, NM, United States
- Department of Forestry, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, NM, United States
| | - Owen T. Burney
- John T. Harrington Forestry Research Center, New Mexico State University, Mora, NM, United States
| | - Jeremiah R. Pinto
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Moscow, ID, United States
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Miller ML, Roddy AB, Brodersen CR, McElrone AJ, Johnson DM. Anatomical and hydraulic responses to desiccation in emergent conifer seedlings. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:1177-1188. [PMID: 32754914 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The young seedling life stage is critical for reforestation after disturbance and for species migration under climate change, yet little is known regarding their basic hydraulic function or vulnerability to drought. Here, we sought to characterize responses to desiccation including hydraulic vulnerability, xylem anatomical traits, and impacts on other stem tissues that contribute to hydraulic functioning. METHODS Larix occidentalis, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Pinus ponderosa (all ≤6 weeks old) were imaged using x-ray computed microtomography during desiccation to assess seedling biomechanical responses with concurrently measured hydraulic conductivity (ks ) and water potential (Ψ) to assess vulnerability to xylem embolism formation and other tissue damage. RESULTS In non-stressed samples for all species, pith and cortical cells appeared circular and well hydrated, but they started to empty and deform with decreasing Ψ which resulted in cell tearing and eventual collapse. Despite the severity of this structural damage, the vascular cambium remained well hydrated even under the most severe drought. There were significant differences among species in vulnerability to xylem embolism formation, with 78% xylem embolism in L. occidentalis by Ψ of -2.1 MPa, but only 47.7% and 62.1% in P. ponderosa and P. menziesii at -4.27 and -6.73 MPa, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Larix occidentalis seedlings appeared to be more susceptible to secondary xylem embolism compared to the other two species, but all three maintained hydration of the vascular cambium under severe stress, which could facilitate hydraulic recovery by regrowth of xylem when stress is relieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Miller
- Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1133, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Adam B Roddy
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Craig R Brodersen
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Andrew J McElrone
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- USDA-ARS, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Daniel M Johnson
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Augustine SP, Reinhardt K. Differences in morphological and physiological plasticity in two species of first-year conifer seedlings exposed to drought result in distinct survivorship patterns. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:1446-1460. [PMID: 31181151 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
First-year tree seedlings represent a critical demographic life stage, functioning as a bottleneck to forest regeneration. Knowledge of how mortality is related to whole-seedling carbon and water relations is deficient and is required to understand how forest compositions will be altered in future climatic conditions. We performed a greenhouse drought experiment using first-year seedlings of two common pine species found in the Intermountain West, USA. Gas exchange, biomass gain, allometry and xylem water potentials were compared between well-watered and droughted seedlings from emergence until drought-induced mortality. In both species, morphological adjustments to confer drought tolerance, such as increased leaf mass per unit area, were not observed in seedlings exposed to drought, and droughted seedlings maintained photosynthesis and whole-seedling carbon gain well into the experiment. Yet, there were important differences between species in terms of carbon budgets, physiological responses and mortality patterns. In Pinus ponderosa P. & C. Lawson, physiological acclimation to drought was much greater, evident through stronger stomatal regulation and increased water-use efficiency. Photosynthesis and carbon budgets in P. ponderosa were greater than in Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud., and survival was 100% until critical hydraulic thresholds in leaf water content and seedling water potentials were crossed. In P. contorta, physiological adjustments to drought were less, and mortality occurred much sooner and well before injurious hydraulic thresholds were approached. First-year conifer seedlings appear canalized for a suite of functional traits that prioritize short-term carbon gain over long-term drought tolerance, suggesting that conifer seedling survival is linked with carbon limitations, even during drought, with survival in species having narrower carbon survival margins being more hampered by carbon limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Augustine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Keith Reinhardt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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10
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Hankin LE, Higuera PE, Davis KT, Dobrowski SZ. Impacts of growing‐season climate on tree growth and post‐fire regeneration in ponderosa pine and Douglas‐fir forests. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lacey E. Hankin
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
| | - Philip E. Higuera
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
| | - Kimberley T. Davis
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
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11
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Losso A, Bär A, Dämon B, Dullin C, Ganthaler A, Petruzzellis F, Savi T, Tromba G, Nardini A, Mayr S, Beikircher B. Insights from in vivo micro-CT analysis: testing the hydraulic vulnerability segmentation in Acer pseudoplatanus and Fagus sylvatica seedlings. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:1831-1842. [PMID: 30347122 PMCID: PMC6492020 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The seedling stage is the most susceptible one during a tree's life. Water relations may be crucial for seedlings due to their small roots, limited water buffers and the effects of drought on water transport. Despite obvious relevance, studies on seedling xylem hydraulics are scarce as respective methodical approaches are limited. Micro-CT scans of intact Acer pseudoplatanus and Fagus sylvatica seedlings dehydrated to different water potentials (Ψ) allowed the simultaneous observation of gas-filled versus water-filled conduits and the calculation of percentage loss of conductivity (PLC) in stems, roots and leaves (petioles or main veins). Additionally, anatomical analyses were performed and stem PLC measured with hydraulic techniques. In A. pseudoplatanus, petioles showed a higher Ψ at 50% PLC (Ψ50 -1.13MPa) than stems (-2.51 MPa) and roots (-1.78 MPa). The main leaf veins of F. sylvatica had similar Ψ50 values (-2.26 MPa) to stems (-2.74 MPa) and roots (-2.75 MPa). In both species, no difference between root and stems was observed. Hydraulic measurements on stems closely matched the micro-CT based PLC calculations. Micro-CT analyses indicated a species-specific hydraulic architecture. Vulnerability segmentation, enabling a disconnection of the hydraulic pathway upon drought, was observed in A. pseudoplatanus but not in the especially shade-tolerant F. sylvatica. Hydraulic patterns could partly be related to xylem anatomical traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Losso
- Department of BotanyUniversity of InnsbruckSternwarterstrasse 15InnsbruckA‐6020Austria
| | - Andreas Bär
- Department of BotanyUniversity of InnsbruckSternwarterstrasse 15InnsbruckA‐6020Austria
| | - Birgit Dämon
- Department of BotanyUniversity of InnsbruckSternwarterstrasse 15InnsbruckA‐6020Austria
| | - Christian Dullin
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyUniversity Medical Center GoettingenRobert‐Koch‐Straße 40Göttingen37075Germany
- Max‐Plank‐Institute for Experimental MedicineHermann‐Rein‐Straße 3Göttingen37075Germany
- Elettra‐Sincrotrone TriesteArea Science ParkTriesteBasovizza34149Italy
| | - Andrea Ganthaler
- Department of BotanyUniversity of InnsbruckSternwarterstrasse 15InnsbruckA‐6020Austria
| | - Francesco Petruzzellis
- Dipartimento di Scienze della VitaUniversità di TriesteVia L. Giorgieri 10Trieste34127Italy
| | - Tadeja Savi
- Department of Crop SciencesDivision of Viticulture and PomologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaKonrad Lorenzstrasse 24TullnA‐3430Austria
| | - Giuliana Tromba
- Elettra‐Sincrotrone TriesteArea Science ParkTriesteBasovizza34149Italy
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della VitaUniversità di TriesteVia L. Giorgieri 10Trieste34127Italy
| | - Stefan Mayr
- Department of BotanyUniversity of InnsbruckSternwarterstrasse 15InnsbruckA‐6020Austria
| | - Barbara Beikircher
- Department of BotanyUniversity of InnsbruckSternwarterstrasse 15InnsbruckA‐6020Austria
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12
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Davis KT, Higuera PE, Sala A. Anticipating fire‐mediated impacts of climate change using a demographic framework. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley T. Davis
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana
| | - Philip E. Higuera
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana
| | - Anna Sala
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana
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