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Chai S, Wang K, Wang H, Tian J, Huang Y, Wang T, Li D. Genome-wide identification of the EIN3/EIL gene family in Ginkgo biloba and functional study of a GbEIL in the ethylene signaling pathway. Gene 2024; 928:148800. [PMID: 39067545 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) or EIN3-Like (EIL) proteins, play critical roles in integrating ethylene signaling and physiological regulation in plants by modulating the expression of various downstream genes, such as ethylene-response factors (ERFs). However, little is known about the characteristics of EIN3/EILs in the gymnosperm Ginkgo biloba. In the present study, a genome-wide comparative analysis of Ginkgo EIN3/EIL gene family was performed with those from an array of species, including bryophytes (Physcomitrella patens), gymnosperms (Cycas panzhihuaensis), and angiosperms (Arabidopsis thaliana, Gossypium raimondii, Gossypium hirsutum, Oryza sativa, and Brachypodium distachyon). Within the constructed phylogenetic tree for the 53 EIN3/EILs identified, 5 GbEILs from G. biloba, 2 PpEILs from P. patens, and 3 CpEILs from C. panzhihuaensis were assigned to one cluster, suggesting that their derivation occurred after the split of their ancestors and angiosperms. Although considerable divergence accumulated in amino acid sequences along with the evolutionary process, the specific EIN3_DNA-binding domains were evolutionarily conserved among the 53 EIN3/EILs. Collinearity analysis indicated that whole-genome or segmental duplication and subsequent purifying selection might have prompted the generation and evolution of EIN3/EIL multigene families. Based on the expression patterns of five GbEILs at the four developmental stages of Ginkgo ovules, one GbEIL gene (Gb_03292) was further investigated for its role in mediating ethylene signaling. The functional activity of Gb_03292 was closely related to ethylene signaling, as it complemented the triple response via ectopic expression in ein3eil1 double mutant Arabidopsis. Additionally, GbEIL likely modulates the expression of a Ginkgo ERF (Gb_15517) by directly binding to its promoter. These results demonstrated that the GbEIL gene could have participated in mediating ethylene signal transduction during ovule development in G. biloba. The present study also provides insights into the conservation of ethylene signaling across the gymnosperm G. biloba and angiosperm species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kangmei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Juan Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yating Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dahui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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2
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Li T, Ma Z, Ding T, Yang Y, Wang F, Wan X, Liang F, Chen X, Yao H. Codon usage bias and phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast genome in 36 gracilariaceae species. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:45. [PMID: 38429550 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Gracilariaceae is a group of marine large red algae and main source of agar with important economic and ecological value. The codon usage patterns of chloroplast genomes in 36 species from Graciliaceae show that GC range from 0.284 to 0.335, the average GC3 range from 0.135 to 0.243 and the value of ENC range from 35.098 to 42.327, which indicates these genomes are rich in AT and prefer to use codons ending with AT in these species. Nc plot, PR2 plot, neutrality plot analyses and correlation analysis indicate that these biases may be caused by multiple factors, such as natural selection and mutation pressure, but prolonged natural selection is the main driving force influencing codon usage preference. The cluster analysis and phylogenetic analysis show that the differentiation relationship of them is different and indicate that codons with weak or unbiased preferences may also play an irreplaceable role in these species' evolution. In addition, we identified 26 common high-frequency codons and 8-18 optimal codons all ending in A/U in these 36 species. Our results will not only contribute to carrying out transgenic work in Gracilariaceae species to maximize the protein yield in the future, but also lay a theoretical foundation for further exploring systematic classification of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agriculture University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Ma
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agriculture University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiemei Ding
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agriculture University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxin Yang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agriculture University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agriculture University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjing Wan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agriculture University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangyun Liang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agriculture University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agriculture University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huipeng Yao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agriculture University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Yu X, Feng Y, Zhang J. Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Wintersweet ( Chimonanthus praecox) and Comparative Analysis within Magnoliids. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:182. [PMID: 38398691 PMCID: PMC10890521 DOI: 10.3390/life14020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial genome sequencing is a valuable tool for investigating mitogenome evolution, species phylogeny, and population genetics. Chimonanthus praecox (L.) Link, also known as "La Mei" in Chinese, is a famous ornamental and medical shrub belonging to the order Laurales of the Calycanthaceae family. Although the nuclear genomes and chloroplast genomes of certain Laurales representatives, such as Lindera glauca, Laurus nobilis, and Piper nigrum, have been sequenced, the mitochondrial genome of Laurales members remains unknown. Here, we reported the first complete mitogenome of C. praecox. The mitogenome was 972,347 bp in length and comprised 60 unique coding genes, including 40 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 17 tRNA genes, and three rRNA genes. The skewness of the PCGs showed that the AT skew (-0.0096233) was negative, while the GC skew (0.031656) was positive, indicating higher contents of T's and G's in the mitochondrial genome of C. praecox. The Ka/Ks ratio analysis showed that the Ka/Ks values of most genes were less than one, suggesting that these genes were under purifying selection. Furthermore, there is a substantial abundance of dispersed repeats in C. praecox, constituting 16.98% of the total mitochondrial genome. A total of 731 SSR repeats were identified in the mitogenome, the highest number among the eleven available magnoliids mitogenomes. The mitochondrial phylogenetic analysis based on 29 conserved PCGs placed the C. praecox in Lauraceae, and supported the sister relationship of Laurales with Magnoliales, which was congruent with the nuclear genome evidence. The present study enriches the mitogenome data of C. praecox and promotes further studies on phylogeny and plastid evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Yu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China;
| | - Yanlei Feng
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China;
| | - Jie Zhang
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
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Bowles AMC, Williamson CJ, Williams TA, Lenton TM, Donoghue PCJ. The origin and early evolution of plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:312-329. [PMID: 36328872 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant (archaeplastid) evolution has transformed the biosphere, but we are only now beginning to learn how this took place through comparative genomics, phylogenetics, and the fossil record. This has illuminated the phylogeny of Archaeplastida, Viridiplantae, and Streptophyta, and has resolved the evolution of key characters, genes, and genomes - revealing that many key innovations evolved long before the clades with which they have been casually associated. Molecular clock analyses estimate that Streptophyta and Viridiplantae emerged in the late Mesoproterozoic to late Neoproterozoic, whereas Archaeplastida emerged in the late-mid Palaeoproterozoic. Together, these insights inform on the coevolution of plants and the Earth system that transformed ecology and global biogeochemical cycles, increased weathering, and precipitated snowball Earth events, during which they would have been key to oxygen production and net primary productivity (NPP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M C Bowles
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK; Bristol Palaeobiology Group, School of Biological Sciences and School of Earth Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | | | - Tom A Williams
- Bristol Palaeobiology Group, School of Biological Sciences and School of Earth Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Timothy M Lenton
- Global Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Philip C J Donoghue
- Bristol Palaeobiology Group, School of Biological Sciences and School of Earth Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
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Xue JY, Li Z, Hu SY, Kao SM, Zhao T, Wang JY, Wang Y, Chen M, Qiu Y, Fan HY, Liu Y, Shao ZQ, Van de Peer Y. The Saururus chinensis genome provides insights into the evolution of pollination strategies and herbaceousness in magnoliids. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:1021-1034. [PMID: 36602036 PMCID: PMC7614262 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Saururus chinensis, an herbaceous magnoliid without perianth, represents a clade of early-diverging angiosperms that have gone through woodiness-herbaceousness transition and pollination obstacles: the characteristic white leaves underneath inflorescence during flowering time are considered a substitute for perianth to attract insect pollinators. Here, using the newly sequenced S. chinensis genome, we revisited the phylogenetic position of magnoliids within mesangiosperms, and recovered a sister relationship for magnoliids and Chloranthales. By considering differentially expressed genes, we identified candidate genes that are involved in the morphogenesis of the white leaves in S. chinensis. Among those genes, we verified - in a transgenic experiment with Arabidopsis - that increasing the expression of the "pseudo-etiolation in light" gene (ScPEL) can inhibit the biosynthesis of chlorophyll. ScPEL is thus likely responsible for the switches between green and white leaves, suggesting that changes in gene expression may underlie the evolution of pollination strategies. Despite being an herbaceous plant, S. chinensis still has vascular cambium and maintains the potential for secondary growth as a woody plant, because the necessary machinery, i.e., the entire gene set involved in lignin biosynthesis, is well preserved. However, similar expression levels of two key genes (CCR and CAD) between the stem and other tissues in the lignin biosynthesis pathway are possibly associated with the herbaceous nature of S. chinensis. In conclusion, the S. chinensis genome provides valuable insights into the adaptive evolution of pollination in Saururaceae and reveals a possible mechanism for the evolution of herbaceousness in magnoliids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Xue
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Center for Plant Diversity and Systematics, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shuai-Ya Hu
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shu-Min Kao
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Center for Plant Diversity and Systematics, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Min Chen
- Center for Plant Diversity and Systematics, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yichun Qiu
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Hai-Yun Fan
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhu-Qing Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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6
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Gao Y, Liu K, Li E, Wang Y, Xu C, Zhao L, Dong W. Dynamic evolution of the plastome in the Elm family (Ulmaceae). PLANTA 2022; 257:14. [PMID: 36526857 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the plastomes of Ulmaceae allowing analyses of the dynamic evolution, including genome structure, codon usage bias, repeat sequences, molecular mutation rates, and phylogenetic inferences. Ulmaceae is a small family in the order Rosales. This family consists of seven genera, including Ulmus, Zelkova, Planera, Hemiptelea, Phyllostylon, Ampelocera, and Holoptelea. Ulmaceae is an interesting lineage from plant biogeographic, systematic, evolutionary, and paleobotanic perspectives. It is also a good model to investigate the evolution of the plastomes in woody plants. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the complete plastomes of the six Ulmaceae genera to compare genomic structures and reveal the molecular evolutionary patterns. The size of the quadripartite plastomes ranged from 158,290 bp to 161,886 bp. The genomes contained 131 genes, including 87 coding genes, 36 tRNA, and 8 rRNA. The gene number, gene content, and genomic structure were highly consistent among the Ulmaceae genera. Nine variable regions including ndhA intron, ndhF-rpl32, ycf1, psbK-trnS, rps16-trnQ, trnT-trnL, trnT-psbD, trnS-trnG, and rpl32-trnL, were identified in Ulmaceae plastomes according to the nucleotide diversity values. Condon usage was biased among the genes and showed consistent trends in the seven genera. Molecular evolution analyses revealed that most of the genes and all gene groups were under widespread purifying selection. Twelve genes (ccsA, matK, psbH, psbK, rbcL, rpl22, rpl32, rpoA, rps12, rps15, rps16, and ycf2) were under positive selection. Phylogenetic analyses supported that Ulmaceae should be divided into two main clades, such as the temperate clade, including Ulmus, Zelkova, Planera, and Hemiptelea and the tropical clade, including Phyllostylon, Ampelocera and Holoptelea. This study reports the structure and evolutionary characteristics of the Elm family. These new genomic data will benefit assessments of genomic evolution and provide information to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among Ulmaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Gao
- Laboratory of Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody Plants, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kangjia Liu
- Laboratory of Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody Plants, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Enzhe Li
- Laboratory of Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody Plants, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yushuang Wang
- Laboratory of Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody Plants, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Liangcheng Zhao
- Laboratory of Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody Plants, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Wenpan Dong
- Laboratory of Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody Plants, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Tripathi A, Pandey P, Tripathi SN, Kalra A. Perspectives and potential applications of endophytic microorganisms in cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:985429. [PMID: 36247631 PMCID: PMC9560770 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.985429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring food and nutritional security, it is crucial to use chemicals in agriculture to boost yields and protect the crops against biotic and abiotic perturbations. Conversely, excessive use of chemicals has led to many deleterious effects on the environment like pollution of soil, water, and air; loss of soil fertility; and development of pest resistance, and is now posing serious threats to biodiversity. Therefore, farming systems need to be upgraded towards the use of biological agents to retain agricultural and environmental sustainability. Plants exhibit a huge and varied niche for endophytic microorganisms inside the planta, resulting in a closer association between them. Endophytic microorganisms play pivotal roles in plant physiological and morphological characteristics, including growth promotion, survival, and fitness. Their mechanism of action includes both direct and indirect, such as mineral phosphate solubilization, fixating nitrogen, synthesis of auxins, production of siderophore, and various phytohormones. Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) hold a crucial position worldwide for their valued essential oils and several phytopharmaceutically important bioactive compounds since ancient times; conversely, owing to the high demand for natural products, commercial cultivation of MAPs is on the upswing. Furthermore, the vulnerability to various pests and diseases enforces noteworthy production restraints that affect both crop yield and quality. Efforts have been made towards enhancing yields of plant crude drugs by improving crop varieties, cell cultures, transgenic plants, etc., but these are highly cost-demanding and time-consuming measures. Thus, it is essential to evolve efficient, eco-friendly, cost-effective simpler approaches for improvement in the yield and health of the plants. Harnessing endophytic microorganisms as biostimulants can be an effective and alternative step. This review summarizes the concept of endophytes, their multidimensional interaction inside the host plant, and the salient benefits associated with endophytic microorganisms in MAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Tripathi
- Microbial Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Faculty of Education, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India
| | - Praveen Pandey
- Microbial Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Shakti Nath Tripathi
- Department of Botany, Nehru Gram Bharati Deemed to be University, Prayagraj, India
| | - Alok Kalra
- Microbial Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
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Qiao X, Zhang S, Paterson AH. Pervasive genome duplications across the plant tree of life and their links to major evolutionary innovations and transitions. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3248-3256. [PMID: 35782740 PMCID: PMC9237934 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome duplication (WGD) has occurred repeatedly during plant evolution and diversification, providing genetic layers for evolving new functions and phenotypes. Advances in long-read sequencing technologies have enabled sequencing and assembly of over 1000 plant genomes spanning nearly 800 species, in which a large set of ancient WGDs has been uncovered. Here, we review the recently reported WGDs that occurred in major plant lineages and key evolutionary positions, and highlight their contributions to morphological innovation and adaptive evolution. Current gaps and challenges in integrating enormous volumes of sequenced plant genomes, accurately inferring WGDs, and developing web-based analysis tools are emphasized. Looking to the future, ambitious genome sequencing projects and global efforts may substantially recapitulate the plant tree of life based on broader sampling of phylogenetic diversity, reveal much of the timetable of ancient WGDs, and address the biological significance of WGDs in plant adaptation and radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiao
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Andrew H. Paterson
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA,Corresponding author.
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9
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Jiang R, Chen X, Liao X, Peng D, Han X, Zhu C, Wang P, Hufnagel DE, Wang L, Li K, Li C. A Chromosome-Level Genome of the Camphor Tree and the Underlying Genetic and Climatic Factors for Its Top-Geoherbalism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:827890. [PMID: 35592577 PMCID: PMC9112071 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.827890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Camphor tree [Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl], a species in the magnoliid family Lauraceae, is known for its rich volatile oils and is used as a medical cardiotonic and as a scent in many perfumed hygiene products. Here, we present a high-quality chromosome-scale genome of C. camphora with a scaffold N50 of 64.34 Mb and an assembled genome size of 755.41 Mb. Phylogenetic inference revealed that the magnoliids are a sister group to the clade of eudicots and monocots. Comparative genomic analyses identified two rounds of ancient whole-genome duplication (WGD). Tandem duplicated genes exhibited a higher evolutionary rate, a more recent evolutionary history and a more clustered distribution on chromosomes, contributing to the production of secondary metabolites, especially monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, which are the principal essential oil components. Three-dimensional analyses of the volatile metabolites, gene expression and climate data of samples with the same genotype grown in different locations showed that low temperature and low precipitation during the cold season modulate the expression of genes in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathways, especially TPS genes, which facilitates the accumulation of volatile compounds. Our study lays a theoretical foundation for policy-making regarding the agroforestry applications of camphor tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihong Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Cultivation and Utilization of Special Non-Timber Forest Crops, Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for Woody Spices, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Xinlian Chen
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuezhu Liao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Peng
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoxu Han
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changsan Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Cultivation and Utilization of Special Non-Timber Forest Crops, Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for Woody Spices, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - David E. Hufnagel
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, IA, United States
| | - Li Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Kaixiang Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Cultivation and Utilization of Special Non-Timber Forest Crops, Guangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for Woody Spices, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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10
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Sanders WB. The photoaerogens: algae and plants reunited conceptually. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:363-365. [PMID: 35257370 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William B Sanders
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Ft. Myers, FL 33965-6565, USA
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11
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Ping J, Hao J, Li J, Yang Y, Su Y, Wang T. Loss of the IR region in conifer plastomes: Changes in the selection pressure and substitution rate of protein-coding genes. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8499. [PMID: 35136556 PMCID: PMC8809450 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastid genomes (plastomes) have a quadripartite structure, but some species have drastically reduced or lost inverted repeat (IR) regions. IR regions are important for genome stability and the evolution rate. In the evolutionary process of gymnosperms, the typical IRs of conifers were lost, possibly affecting the evolutionary rate and selection pressure of genomic protein-coding genes. In this study, we selected 78 gymnosperm species (51 genera, 13 families) for evolutionary analysis. The selection pressure analysis results showed that negative selection effects were detected in all 50 common genes. Among them, six genes in conifers had higher ω values than non-conifers, and 12 genes had lower ω values. The evolutionary rate analysis results showed that 9 of 50 common genes differed between conifers and non-conifers. It is more obvious that in non-conifers, the rates of psbA (trst, trsv, ratio, dN, dS, and ω) were 2.6- to 3.1-fold of conifers. In conifers, trsv, ratio, dN, dS, and ω of ycf2 were 1.2- to 3.6-fold of non-conifers. In addition, the evolution rate of ycf2 in the IR was significantly reduced. psbA is undergoing dynamic change, with an abnormally high evolution rate as a small portion of it enters the IR region. Although conifers have lost the typical IR regions, we detected no change in the substitution rate or selection pressure of most protein-coding genes due to gene function, plant habitat, or newly acquired IRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Ping
- College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jing Hao
- College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jinye Li
- College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yiqing Yang
- College of Life Science and TechnologyCentral South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangshaChina
| | - Yingjuan Su
- School of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Research Institute of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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12
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Asaf S, Khan AL, Jan R, Khan A, Khan A, Kim KM, Lee IJ. The dynamic history of gymnosperm plastomes: Insights from structural characterization, comparative analysis, phylogenomics, and time divergence. THE PLANT GENOME 2021; 14:e20130. [PMID: 34505399 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Gymnosperms are among the most endangered groups of plant species; they include ginkgo, pines (Conifers I), cupressophytes (Conifers II), cycads, and gnetophytes. The relationships among the five extant gymnosperm groups remain equivocal. We analyzed 167 available gymnosperm plastomes and investigated their diversity and phylogeny. We found that plastome size, structure, and gene order were highly variable in the five gymnosperm groups, of which Parasitaxus usta (Vieill.) de Laub. and Macrozamia mountperriensis F.M.Bailey had the smallest and largest plastomes, respectively. The inverted repeats (IRs) of the five groups were shown to have evolved through distinctive evolutionary scenarios. The IRs have been lost in all conifers but retained in cycads and gnetophytes. A positive association between simple sequence repeat (SSR) abundance and plastome size was observed, and the SSRs with the most variation were found in Pinaceae. Furthermore, the number of repeats was negatively correlated with IR length; thus, the highest number of repeats was detected in Conifers I and II, in which the IRs had been lost. We constructed a phylogeny based on 29 shared genes from 167 plastomes. With the plastome tree and 13 calibrations, we estimated the tree height between present-day angiosperms and gymnosperms to be ∼380 million years ago (mya). The placement of Gnetales in the tree agreed with the Gnetales-other gymnosperms hypothesis. The divergence between Ginkgo and cycads was estimated as ∼284 mya; the crown age of the cycads was 251 mya. Our time-calibrated plastid-based phylogenomic tree provides a framework for comparative studies of gymnosperm evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, Univ. of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Dep. of Biotechnology, College of Technology, Univ. of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Rahmatullah Jan
- Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National Univ., Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Arif Khan
- Genomics Group, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord Univ., Bodø, 8049, Norway
| | - Adil Khan
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Dep. of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National Univ., Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National Univ., Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
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13
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Daniell H, Jin S, Zhu X, Gitzendanner MA, Soltis DE, Soltis PS. Green giant-a tiny chloroplast genome with mighty power to produce high-value proteins: history and phylogeny. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:430-447. [PMID: 33484606 PMCID: PMC7955891 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Free-living cyanobacteria were entrapped by eukaryotic cells ~2 billion years ago, ultimately giving rise to chloroplasts. After a century of debate, the presence of chloroplast DNA was demonstrated in the 1960s. The first chloroplast genomes were sequenced in the 1980s, followed by ~100 vegetable, fruit, cereal, beverage, oil and starch/sugar crop chloroplast genomes in the past three decades. Foreign genes were expressed in isolated chloroplasts or intact plant cells in the late 1980s and stably integrated into chloroplast genomes, with typically maternal inheritance shown in the 1990s. Since then, chloroplast genomes conferred the highest reported levels of tolerance or resistance to biotic or abiotic stress. Although launching products with agronomic traits in important crops using this concept has been elusive, commercial products developed include enzymes used in everyday life from processing fruit juice, to enhancing water absorption of cotton fibre or removal of stains as laundry detergents and in dye removal in the textile industry. Plastid genome sequences have revealed the framework of green plant phylogeny as well as the intricate history of plastid genome transfer events to other eukaryotes. Discordant historical signals among plastid genes suggest possible variable constraints across the plastome and further understanding and mitigation of these constraints may yield new opportunities for bioengineering. In this review, we trace the evolutionary history of chloroplasts, status of autonomy and recent advances in products developed for everyday use or those advanced to the clinic, including treatment of COVID-19 patients and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Daniell
- Department of Basic and Translational SciencesSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xin‐Guang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics and Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | | | - Douglas E. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History and Department of BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Pamela S. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
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14
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Liu S, Wang Z, Su Y, Wang T. Comparative genomic analysis of Polypodiaceae chloroplasts reveals fine structural features and dynamic insertion sequences. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:31. [PMID: 33413107 PMCID: PMC7792340 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02800-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparative chloroplast genomics could shed light on the major evolutionary events that established plastomic diversity among closely related species. The Polypodiaceae family is one of the most species-rich and underexplored groups of extant ferns. It is generally recognized that the plastomes of Polypodiaceae are highly notable in terms of their organizational stability. Hence, no research has yet been conducted on genomic structural variation in the Polypodiaceae. RESULTS The complete plastome sequences of Neolepisorus fortunei, Neolepisorus ovatus, and Phymatosorus cuspidatus were determined based on next-generation sequencing. Together with published plastomes, a comparative analysis of the fine structure of Polypodiaceae plastomes was carried out. The results indicated that the plastomes of Polypodiaceae are not as conservative as previously assumed. The size of the plastomes varies greatly in the Polypodiaceae, and the large insertion fragments present in the genome could be the main factor affecting the genome length. The plastome of Selliguea yakushimensis exhibits prominent features including not only a large-scale IR expansion exceeding several kb but also a unique inversion. Furthermore, gene contents, SSRs, dispersed repeats, and mutational hotspot regions were identified in the plastomes of the Polypodiaceae. Although dispersed repeats are not abundant in the plastomes of Polypodiaceae, we found that the large insertions that occur in different species are mobile and are always adjacent to repeated hotspot regions. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that the plastomes of Polypodiaceae are dynamic molecules, rather than constituting static genomes as previously thought. The dispersed repeats flanking insertion sequences contribute to the repair mechanism induced by double-strand breaks and are probably a major driver of structural evolution in the plastomes of Polypodiaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingjuan Su
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Shang J, Tian J, Cheng H, Yan Q, Li L, Jamal A, Xu Z, Xiang L, Saski CA, Jin S, Zhao K, Liu X, Chen L. The chromosome-level wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) genome provides insights into floral scent biosynthesis and flowering in winter. Genome Biol 2020; 21:200. [PMID: 32778152 PMCID: PMC7419205 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox), an important ornamental plant, has evolved unique fragrant aroma and winter-flowering properties, which are critical for its successful sexual reproduction. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these traits are largely unknown in this species. In addition, wintersweet is also a typical representative species of the magnoliids, where the phylogenetic position of which relative to eudicots and monocots has not been conclusively resolved. RESULTS Here, we present a chromosome-level wintersweet genome assembly with a total size of 695.36 Mb and a draft genome assembly of Calycanthus chinensis. Phylogenetic analyses of 17 representative angiosperm genomes suggest that Magnoliids and eudicots are sister to monocots. Whole-genome duplication signatures reveal two major duplication events in the evolutionary history of the wintersweet genome, with an ancient one shared by Laurales, and a more recent one shared by the Calycantaceae. Whole-genome duplication and tandem duplication events have significant impacts on copy numbers of genes related to terpene and benzenoid/phenylpropanoid (the main floral scent volatiles) biosynthesis, which may contribute to the characteristic aroma formation. An integrative analysis combining cytology with genomic and transcriptomic data reveals biological characteristics of wintersweet, such as floral transition in spring, floral organ specification, low temperature-mediated floral bud break, early blooming in winter, and strong cold tolerance. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide insights into the evolutionary history of wintersweet and the relationships among the Magnoliids, monocots, and eudicots; the molecular basis underlying floral scent biosynthesis; and winter flowering, and highlight the utility of multi-omics data in deciphering important ornamental traits in wintersweet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhong Shang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingpu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huihui Cheng
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaomu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lai Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Abbas Jamal
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongping Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 People’s Republic of China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alaer, Xinjiang, 843300 China
| | - Lin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 People’s Republic of China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alaer, Xinjiang, 843300 China
| | - Kaige Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuqun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Longqing Chen
- Southwest Engineering Technology and Research Center of Landscape Architecture, State Forestry Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224 People’s Republic of China
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16
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Lv Q, Qiu J, Liu J, Li Z, Zhang W, Wang Q, Fang J, Pan J, Chen Z, Cheng W, Barker MS, Huang X, Wei X, Cheng K. The Chimonanthus salicifolius genome provides insight into magnoliid evolution and flavonoid biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1910-1923. [PMID: 32524692 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chimonanthus salicifolius, a member of the Calycanthaceae of magnoliids, is one of the most famous medicinal plants in Eastern China. Here, we report a chromosome-level genome assembly of C. salicifolius, comprising 820.1 Mb of genomic sequence with a contig N50 of 2.3 Mb and containing 36 651 annotated protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that magnoliids were sister to the eudicots. Two rounds of ancient whole-genome duplication were inferred in the C. salicifolious genome. One is shared by Calycanthaceae after its divergence with Lauraceae, and the other is in the ancestry of Magnoliales and Laurales. Notably, long genes with > 20 kb in length were much more prevalent in the magnoliid genomes compared with other angiosperms, which could be caused by the length expansion of introns inserted by transposon elements. Homologous genes within the flavonoid pathway for C. salicifolius were identified, and correlation of the gene expression and the contents of flavonoid metabolites revealed potential critical genes involved in flavonoids biosynthesis. This study not only provides an additional whole-genome sequence from the magnoliids, but also opens the door to functional genomic research and molecular breeding of C. salicifolius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qundan Lv
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Fang
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Junjie Pan
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Zhengdao Chen
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Wenliang Cheng
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Michael S Barker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Xuehui Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kejun Cheng
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
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17
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Green Biological Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE LIFE SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-44176-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Yao J, Subramanian C, Rock CO, Jackowski S. Human pantothenate kinase 4 is a pseudo-pantothenate kinase. Protein Sci 2019; 28:1031-1047. [PMID: 30927326 PMCID: PMC6511746 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pantothenate kinase generates 4'-phosphopantothenate in the first and rate-determining step of coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis. The human genome encodes three well-characterized and nearly identical pantothenate kinases (PANK1-3) plus a putative bifunctional protein (PANK4) with a predicted amino-terminal pantothenate kinase domain fused to a carboxy-terminal phosphatase domain. Structural and phylogenetic analyses show that all active, characterized PANKs contain the key catalytic residues Glu138 and Arg207 (HsPANK3 numbering). However, all amniote PANK4s, including human PANK4, encode Glu138Val and Arg207Trp substitutions which are predicted to inactivate kinase activity. Biochemical analysis corroborates bioinformatic predictions-human PANK4 lacks pantothenate kinase activity. Introducing Glu138Val and Arg207Trp substitutions to the human PANK3 and plant PANK4 abolished their robust pantothenate kinase activity. Introducing both catalytic residues back into human PANK4 restored kinase activity, but only to a low level. This result suggests that epistatic changes to the rest of the protein already reduced the kinase activity prior to mutation of the catalytic residues in the course of evolution. The PANK4 from frog, an anamniote living relative encoding the catalytically active residues, had only a low level of kinase activity, supporting the view that HsPANK4 had reduced kinase activity prior to the catalytic residue substitutions in amniotes. Together, our data show that human PANK4 is a pseudo-pantothenate kinase-a catalytically deficient variant of the catalytically active PANK4 found in plants and fungi. The Glu138Val and Arg207Trp substitutions in amniotes (HsPANK3 numbering) completely deactivated the pantothenate kinase activity that had already been reduced by prior epistatic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Yao
- Department of Infectious DiseasesSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennessee, 38105
| | - Chitra Subramanian
- Department of Infectious DiseasesSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennessee, 38105
| | - Charles O. Rock
- Department of Infectious DiseasesSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennessee, 38105
| | - Suzanne Jackowski
- Department of Infectious DiseasesSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennessee, 38105
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19
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Niklas KJ, Wayne R, Benítez M, Newman SA. Polarity, planes of cell division, and the evolution of plant multicellularity. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:585-599. [PMID: 30368592 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Organisms as diverse as bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals manifest a property called "polarity." The literature shows that polarity emerges as a consequence of different mechanisms in different lineages. However, across all unicellular and multicellular organisms, polarity is evident when cells, organs, or organisms manifest one or more of the following: orientation, axiation, and asymmetry. Here, we review the relationships among these three features in the context of cell division and the evolution of multicellular polarity primarily in plants (defined here to include the algae). Data from unicellular and unbranched filamentous organisms (e.g., Chlamydomonas and Ulothrix) show that cell orientation and axiation are marked by cytoplasmic asymmetries. Branched filamentous organisms (e.g., Cladophora and moss protonema) require an orthogonal reorientation of axiation, or a localized cell asymmetry (e.g., "tip" growth in pollen tubes and fungal hyphae). The evolution of complex multicellular meristematic polarity required a third reorientation of axiation. These transitions show that polarity and the orientation of the future plane(s) of cell division are dyadic dynamical patterning modules that were critical for multicellular eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Niklas
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Randy Wayne
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Mariana Benítez
- Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- C3, Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Stuart A Newman
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
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20
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Li-Beisson Y, Thelen JJ, Fedosejevs E, Harwood JL. The lipid biochemistry of eukaryotic algae. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 74:31-68. [PMID: 30703388 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Algal lipid metabolism fascinates both scientists and entrepreneurs due to the large diversity of fatty acyl structures that algae produce. Algae have therefore long been studied as sources of genes for novel fatty acids; and, due to their superior biomass productivity, algae are also considered a potential feedstock for biofuels. However, a major issue in a commercially viable "algal oil-to-biofuel" industry is the high production cost, because most algal species only produce large amounts of oils after being exposed to stress conditions. Recent studies have therefore focused on the identification of factors involved in TAG metabolism, on the subcellular organization of lipid pathways, and on interactions between organelles. This has been accompanied by the development of genetic/genomic and synthetic biological tools not only for the reference green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii but also for Nannochloropsis spp. and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Advances in our understanding of enzymes and regulatory proteins of acyl lipid biosynthesis and turnover are described herein with a focus on carbon and energetic aspects. We also summarize how changes in environmental factors can impact lipid metabolism and describe present and potential industrial uses of algal lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Li-Beisson
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez Durance F-13108, France.
| | - Jay J Thelen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| | - Eric Fedosejevs
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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21
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Chaw SM, Liu YC, Wu YW, Wang HY, Lin CYI, Wu CS, Ke HM, Chang LY, Hsu CY, Yang HT, Sudianto E, Hsu MH, Wu KP, Wang LN, Leebens-Mack JH, Tsai IJ. Stout camphor tree genome fills gaps in understanding of flowering plant genome evolution. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:63-73. [PMID: 30626928 PMCID: PMC6784883 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We present reference-quality genome assembly and annotation for the stout camphor tree (Cinnamomum kanehirae (Laurales, Lauraceae)), the first sequenced member of the Magnoliidae comprising four orders (Laurales, Magnoliales, Canellales and Piperales) and over 9,000 species. Phylogenomic analysis of 13 representative seed plant genomes indicates that magnoliid and eudicot lineages share more recent common ancestry than monocots. Two whole-genome duplication events were inferred within the magnoliid lineage: one before divergence of Laurales and Magnoliales and the other within the Lauraceae. Small-scale segmental duplications and tandem duplications also contributed to innovation in the evolutionary history of Cinnamomum. For example, expansion of the terpenoid synthase gene subfamilies within the Laurales spawned the diversity of Cinnamomum monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Miaw Chaw
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ching Liu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yu Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Yi Ivy Lin
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shien Wu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Mien Ke
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lo-Yu Chang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Hsu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Yang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Edi Sudianto
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hung Hsu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Pin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ni Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Isheng J Tsai
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Distinctive Roles of D-Amino Acids in the Homochiral World: Chirality of Amino Acids Modulates Mammalian Physiology and Pathology. Keio J Med 2018; 68:1-16. [PMID: 29794368 DOI: 10.2302/kjm.2018-0001-ir] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms enantioselectively employ L-amino acids as the molecular architecture of protein synthesized in the ribosome. Although L-amino acids are dominantly utilized in most biological processes, accumulating evidence points to the distinctive roles of D-amino acids in non-ribosomal physiology. Among the three domains of life, bacteria have the greatest capacity to produce a wide variety of D-amino acids. In contrast, archaea and eukaryotes are thought generally to synthesize only two kinds of D-amino acids: D-serine and D-aspartate. In mammals, D-serine is critical for neurotransmission as an endogenous coagonist of N-methyl D-aspartate receptors. Additionally, D-aspartate is associated with neurogenesis and endocrine systems. Furthermore, recognition of D-amino acids originating in bacteria is linked to systemic and mucosal innate immunity. Among the roles played by D-amino acids in human pathology, the dysfunction of neurotransmission mediated by D-serine is implicated in psychiatric and neurological disorders. Non-enzymatic conversion of L-aspartate or L-serine residues to their D-configurations is involved in age-associated protein degeneration. Moreover, the measurement of plasma or urinary D-/L-serine or D-/L-aspartate levels may have diagnostic or prognostic value in the treatment of kidney diseases. This review aims to summarize current understanding of D-amino-acid-associated biology with a major focus on mammalian physiology and pathology.
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Soltis DE, Moore MJ, Sessa EB, Smith SA, Soltis PS. Using and navigating the plant tree of life. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:287-290. [PMID: 29702724 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, P. O. Box 117800, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, P. O. Box 118525, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Michael J Moore
- Department of Biology, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, OH, 44074, USA
| | - Emily B Sessa
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, P. O. Box 118525, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Stephen A Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, P. O. Box 117800, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Stoughton TR, Kriebel R, Jolles DD, O'Quinn RL. Next-generation lineage discovery: A case study of tuberous Claytonia L. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:536-548. [PMID: 29672830 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Species formation is an intuitive endpoint of reproductive isolation, but circumscribing taxa that arise during speciation can be difficult because of gene flow, morphological continuity, hybridization or polyploidization, and low sequence variation among newly diverged lineages. Nonetheless, species complexes are ubiquitous, and their classification is essential for understanding how diversity influences ecosystem function. METHODS We used modern sequencing technology to identify lineages of perennial Claytonia L. and assessed correspondence between genetic lineages and morphological/ecological variation. Subsets of 18 taxa from 63 populations were used for (a) lineage discovery using network and coalescent analyses, (b) leaf shape analyses using elliptical Fourier analysis and ordination, and (c) ecological analyses (soil chemistry, climate) using ANOVA and ordination. KEY RESULTS Samples mainly aggregated into groups representing each of the previously recognized species in each of the genetic data sets. Compared to the double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing data set, genome skimming data provided more resolution and further opportunity to probe into patterns of nuclear and chloroplast genome diversity. Morphological and ecological associations are significantly different (albeit intergrading) among the taxa investigated. A new species, Claytonia crawfordii, is described based on morphological data presented here. CONCLUSIONS Genetic data presented in this study provide some of the first insights into phylogenetic relationships among recently diverged perennial Claytonia and are suggestive of past hybridization among caudicose and tuberous species. Given prior difficulties in understanding species boundaries among newly diverged plant lineages, this case study demonstrates the revolutionary breakthrough for systematics research that high throughput sequencing represents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Stoughton
- Center for the Environment and Department of Biological Sciences, Plymouth State University, 17 High Street, Plymouth, NH, 03264-1594, USA
| | - Ricardo Kriebel
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Diana D Jolles
- Center for the Environment and Department of Biological Sciences, Plymouth State University, 17 High Street, Plymouth, NH, 03264-1594, USA
| | - Robin L O'Quinn
- Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, 258 Science Building, 526 5th Street, Cheney, WA, 99004-2440, USA
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25
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Pease JB, Brown JW, Walker JF, Hinchliff CE, Smith SA. Quartet Sampling distinguishes lack of support from conflicting support in the green plant tree of life. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:385-403. [PMID: 29746719 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Phylogenetic support has been difficult to evaluate within the green plant tree of life partly due to a lack of specificity between conflicted versus poorly informed branches. As data sets continue to expand in both breadth and depth, new support measures are needed that are more efficient and informative. METHODS We describe the Quartet Sampling (QS) method, a quartet-based evaluation system that synthesizes several phylogenetic and genomic analytical approaches. QS characterizes discordance in large-sparse and genome-wide data sets, overcoming issues of alignment sparsity and distinguishing strong conflict from weak support. We tested QS with simulations and recent plant phylogenies inferred from variously sized data sets. KEY RESULTS QS scores demonstrated convergence with increasing replicates and were not strongly affected by branch depth. Patterns of QS support from different phylogenies led to a coherent understanding of ancestral branches defining key disagreements, including the relationships of Ginkgo to cycads, magnoliids to monocots and eudicots, and mosses to liverworts. The relationships of ANA-grade angiosperms (Amborella, Nymphaeales, Austrobaileyales), major monocot groups, bryophytes, and fern families are likely highly discordant in their evolutionary histories, rather than poorly informed. QS can also detect discordance due to introgression in phylogenomic data. CONCLUSIONS Quartet Sampling is an efficient synthesis of phylogenetic tests that offers more comprehensive and specific information on branch support than conventional measures. The QS method corroborates growing evidence that phylogenomic investigations that incorporate discordance testing are warranted when reconstructing complex evolutionary histories, in particular those surrounding ANA-grade, monocots, and nonvascular plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Pease
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, 455 Vine Street, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27101, USA
| | - Joseph W Brown
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Joseph F Walker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Cody E Hinchliff
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, MS 3051, Moscow, Idaho, 83844, USA
| | - Stephen A Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
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Hughes PW. Between semelparity and iteroparity: Empirical evidence for a continuum of modes of parity. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:8232-8261. [PMID: 29075446 PMCID: PMC5648687 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of times an organism reproduces (i.e., its mode of parity) is a fundamental life-history character, and evolutionary and ecological models that compare the relative fitnesses of different modes of parity are common in life-history theory and theoretical biology. Despite the success of mathematical models designed to compare intrinsic rates of increase (i.e., density-independent growth rates) between annual-semelparous and perennial-iteroparous reproductive schedules, there is widespread evidence that variation in reproductive allocation among semelparous and iteroparous organisms alike is continuous. This study reviews the ecological and molecular evidence for the continuity and plasticity of modes of parity-that is, the idea that annual-semelparous and perennial-iteroparous life histories are better understood as endpoints along a continuum of possible strategies. I conclude that parity should be understood as a continuum of different modes of parity, which differ by the degree to which they disperse or concentrate reproductive effort in time. I further argue that there are three main implications of this conclusion: (1) that seasonality should not be conflated with parity; (2) that mathematical models purporting to explain the general evolution of semelparous life histories from iteroparous ones (or vice versa) should not assume that organisms can only display either an annual-semelparous life history or a perennial-iteroparous one; and (3) that evolutionary ecologists should base explanations of how different life-history strategies evolve on the physiological or molecular basis of traits underlying different modes of parity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick William Hughes
- Department of Plant Breeding and GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchKölnGermany
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Paces J, Nic M, Novotny T, Svoboda P. Literature review of baseline information to support the risk assessment of RNAi‐based GM plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [PMCID: PMC7163844 DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.en-1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Paces
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (IMG)
| | | | | | - Petr Svoboda
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (IMG)
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Li Y, Provenzano S, Bliek M, Spelt C, Appelhagen I, Machado de Faria L, Verweij W, Schubert A, Sagasser M, Seidel T, Weisshaar B, Koes R, Quattrocchio F. Evolution of tonoplast P-ATPase transporters involved in vacuolar acidification. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:1092-107. [PMID: 27214749 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Petunia mutants (Petunia hybrida) with blue flowers defined a novel vacuolar proton pump consisting of two interacting P-ATPases, PH1 and PH5, that hyper-acidify the vacuoles of petal cells. PH5 is similar to plasma membrane H(+) P3A -ATPase, whereas PH1 is the only known eukaryoticP3B -ATPase. As there were no indications that this tonoplast pump is widespread in plants, we investigated the distribution and evolution of PH1 and PH5. We combined database mining and phylogenetic and synteny analyses of PH1- and PH5-like proteins from all kingdoms with functional analyses (mutant complementation and intracellular localization) of homologs from diverse angiosperms. We identified functional PH1 and PH5 homologs in divergent angiosperms. PH5 homologs evolved from plasma membrane P3A -ATPases, acquiring an N-terminal tonoplast-sorting sequence and new cellular function before angiosperms appeared. PH1 is widespread among seed plants and related proteins are found in some groups of bacteria and fungi and in one moss, but is absent in most algae, suggesting that its evolution involved several cases of gene loss and possibly horizontal transfer events. The distribution of PH1 and PH5 in the plant kingdom suggests that vacuolar acidification by P-ATPases appeared in gymnosperms before flowers. This implies that, next to flower color determination, vacuolar hyper-acidification is required for yet unknown processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbang Li
- Department of Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, VU-University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1071 HK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sofia Provenzano
- Department of Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Mattijs Bliek
- Department of Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, VU-University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1071 HK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Spelt
- Department of Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, VU-University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1071 HK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingo Appelhagen
- Genome Research, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Laura Machado de Faria
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, VU-University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1071 HK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Walter Verweij
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, VU-University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1071 HK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Schubert
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Martin Sagasser
- Genome Research, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thorsten Seidel
- Dynamic Cell Imaging, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bernd Weisshaar
- Genome Research, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ronald Koes
- Department of Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, VU-University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1071 HK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Francesca Quattrocchio
- Department of Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, VU-University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1071 HK, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Ramanan R, Kim BH, Cho DH, Oh HM, Kim HS. Algae-bacteria interactions: Evolution, ecology and emerging applications. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:14-29. [PMID: 26657897 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Algae and bacteria have coexisted ever since the early stages of evolution. This coevolution has revolutionized life on earth in many aspects. Algae and bacteria together influence ecosystems as varied as deep seas to lichens and represent all conceivable modes of interactions - from mutualism to parasitism. Several studies have shown that algae and bacteria synergistically affect each other's physiology and metabolism, a classic case being algae-roseobacter interaction. These interactions are ubiquitous and define the primary productivity in most ecosystems. In recent years, algae have received much attention for industrial exploitation but their interaction with bacteria is often considered a contamination during commercialization. A few recent studies have shown that bacteria not only enhance algal growth but also help in flocculation, both essential processes in algal biotechnology. Hence, there is a need to understand these interactions from an evolutionary and ecological standpoint, and integrate this understanding for industrial use. Here we reflect on the diversity of such relationships and their associated mechanisms, as well as the habitats that they mutually influence. This review also outlines the role of these interactions in key evolutionary events such as endosymbiosis, besides their ecological role in biogeochemical cycles. Finally, we focus on extending such studies on algal-bacterial interactions to various environmental and bio-technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishiram Ramanan
- Sustainable Bioresource Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyuk Kim
- Sustainable Bioresource Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Cho
- Sustainable Bioresource Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Mock Oh
- Bioenergy and Biochemical Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sik Kim
- Sustainable Bioresource Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
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Horn T, Adel S, Schumann R, Sur S, Kakularam KR, Polamarasetty A, Redanna P, Kuhn H, Heydeck D. Evolutionary aspects of lipoxygenases and genetic diversity of human leukotriene signaling. Prog Lipid Res 2014; 57:13-39. [PMID: 25435097 PMCID: PMC7112624 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leukotrienes are pro-inflammatory lipid mediators, which are biosynthesized via the lipoxygenase pathway of the arachidonic acid cascade. Lipoxygenases form a family of lipid peroxidizing enzymes and human lipoxygenase isoforms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, hyperproliferative (cancer) and neurodegenerative diseases. Lipoxygenases are not restricted to humans but also occur in a large number of pro- and eucaryotic organisms. Lipoxygenase-like sequences have been identified in the three domains of life (bacteria, archaea, eucarya) but because of lacking functional data the occurrence of catalytically active lipoxygenases in archaea still remains an open question. Although the physiological and/or pathophysiological functions of various lipoxygenase isoforms have been studied throughout the last three decades there is no unifying concept for the biological importance of these enzymes. In this review we are summarizing the current knowledge on the distribution of lipoxygenases in living single and multicellular organisms with particular emphasis to higher vertebrates and will also focus on the genetic diversity of enzymes and receptors involved in human leukotriene signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Horn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California - Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, 95064 Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Susan Adel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Schumann
- Institute of Microbiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Saubashya Sur
- Institute of Microbiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kumar Reddy Kakularam
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Aparoy Polamarasetty
- School of Life Sciences, University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh 176215, India
| | - Pallu Redanna
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India; National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500049, Telangana, India
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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Zhang Z, Wang X, Zhao M, Qi H. O-acetylation of low-molecular-weight polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza with antioxidant activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 69:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wu Z, Ge S. The whole chloroplast genome of wild rice (Oryza australiensis). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2014; 27:1062-3. [PMID: 24960559 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.928868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The whole chloroplast genome of wild rice (Oryza australiensis) is characterized in this study. The genome size is 135,224 bp, exhibiting a typical circular structure including a pair of 25,776 bp inverted repeats (IRa,b) separated by a large single-copy region (LSC) of 82,212 bp and a small single-copy region (SSC) of 12,470 bp. The overall GC content of the genome is 38.95%. 110 unique genes were annotated, including 76 protein-coding genes, 4 ribosomal RNA genes, and 30t RNA genes. Among these, 18 are duplicated in the inverted repeat regions, 13 genes contain one intron, and 2 genes (rps12 and ycf3) have two introns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wu
- a State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany , Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Song Ge
- a State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany , Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
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33
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Evolution and biogeography of gymnosperms. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 75:24-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Proctor MCF. The Diversification of Bryophytes and Vascular Plants in Evolving Terrestrial Environments. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6988-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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35
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Endosymbiotic gene transfer in tertiary plastid-containing dinoflagellates. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2013; 13:246-55. [PMID: 24297445 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00299-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Plastid establishment involves the transfer of endosymbiotic genes to the host nucleus, a process known as endosymbiotic gene transfer (EGT). Large amounts of EGT have been shown in several photosynthetic lineages but also in present-day plastid-lacking organisms, supporting the notion that endosymbiotic genes leave a substantial genetic footprint in the host nucleus. Yet the extent of this genetic relocation remains debated, largely because the long period that has passed since most plastids originated has erased many of the clues to how this process unfolded. Among the dinoflagellates, however, the ancestral peridinin-containing plastid has been replaced by tertiary plastids on several more recent occasions, giving us a less ancient window to examine plastid origins. In this study, we evaluated the endosymbiotic contribution to the host genome in two dinoflagellate lineages with tertiary plastids. We generated the first nuclear transcriptome data sets for the "dinotoms," which harbor diatom-derived plastids, and analyzed these data in combination with the available transcriptomes for kareniaceans, which harbor haptophyte-derived plastids. We found low level of detectable EGT in both dinoflagellate lineages, with only 9 genes and 90 genes of possible tertiary endosymbiotic origin in dinotoms and kareniaceans, respectively, suggesting that tertiary endosymbioses did not heavily impact the host dinoflagellate genomes.
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Ulvskov P, Paiva DS, Domozych D, Harholt J. Classification, naming and evolutionary history of glycosyltransferases from sequenced green and red algal genomes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76511. [PMID: 24146880 PMCID: PMC3797821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Archaeplastida consists of three lineages, Rhodophyta, Virideplantae and Glaucophyta. The extracellular matrix of most members of the Rhodophyta and Viridiplantae consists of carbohydrate-based or a highly glycosylated protein-based cell wall while the Glaucophyte covering is poorly resolved. In order to elucidate possible evolutionary links between the three advanced lineages in Archaeplastida, a genomic analysis was initiated. Fully sequenced genomes from the Rhodophyta and Virideplantae and the well-defined CAZy database on glycosyltransferases were included in the analysis. The number of glycosyltransferases found in the Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta are generally much lower then in land plants (Embryophyta). Three specific features exhibited by land plants increase the number of glycosyltransferases in their genomes: (1) cell wall biosynthesis, the more complex land plant cell walls require a larger number of glycosyltransferases for biosynthesis, (2) a richer set of protein glycosylation, and (3) glycosylation of secondary metabolites, demonstrated by a large proportion of family GT1 being involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis. In a comparative analysis of polysaccharide biosynthesis amongst the taxa of this study, clear distinctions or similarities were observed in (1) N-linked protein glycosylation, i.e., Chlorophyta has different mannosylation and glucosylation patterns, (2) GPI anchor biosynthesis, which is apparently missing in the Rhodophyta and truncated in the Chlorophyta, (3) cell wall biosynthesis, where the land plants have unique cell wall related polymers not found in green and red algae, and (4) O-linked glycosylation where comprehensive orthology was observed in glycosylation between the Chlorophyta and land plants but not between the target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ulvskov
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dionisio Soares Paiva
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - David Domozych
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, United States of America
| | - Jesper Harholt
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Shirao M, Kuroki S, Kaneko K, Kinjo Y, Tsuyama M, Förster B, Takahashi S, Badger MR. Gymnosperms have increased capacity for electron leakage to oxygen (Mehler and PTOX reactions) in photosynthesis compared with angiosperms. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:1152-63. [PMID: 23624674 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen plays an important role in photosynthesis by participating in a number of O2-consuming reactions. O2 inhibits CO2 fixation by stimulating photorespiration, thus reducing plant production. O2 interacts with photosynthetic electron transport in the chloroplasts' thylakoids in two main ways: by accepting electrons from PSI (Mehler reaction); and by accepting electrons from reduced plastoquinone (PQ) mediated by the plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX). In this study, we show, using 101 plant species, that there is a difference in the potential for photosynthetic electron flow to O2 between angiosperms and gymnosperms. We found, from measurements of Chl fluorescence and leaf absorbance at 830 nm, (i) that electron outflow from PSII, as determined by decay kinetics of Chl fluorescence after application of a saturating light pulse, is more rapid in gymnosperms than in angiosperms; (ii) that the reaction center Chl of PSI (P700) is rapidly and highly oxidized in gymnosperms during induction of photosynthesis; and (iii) that these differences are dependent on oxygen. Finally, rates of O2 uptake measured by mass spectrometry in the absence of photorespiration were significantly promoted by illumination in dark-adapted leaves of gymnosperms, but not in those of angiosperms. The light-stimulated O2 uptake was around 10% of the maximum O2 evolution in gymnosperms and 1% in angiosperms. These results suggest that gymnosperms have increased capacity for electron leakage to oxygen in photosynthesis compared with angiosperms. The involvement of the Mehler reaction and PTOX in the electron flow to O2 is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Shirao
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Plant Metabolic Physiology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan
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38
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Baehr BC, Harvey MS. The first goblin spiders of the genusCamptoscaphiella(Araneae: Oonopidae) from New Caledonia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/aen.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Jami SK, Clark GB, Ayele BT, Ashe P, Kirti PB. Genome-wide comparative analysis of annexin superfamily in plants. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47801. [PMID: 23133603 PMCID: PMC3487801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Most annexins are calcium-dependent, phospholipid-binding proteins with suggested functions in response to environmental stresses and signaling during plant growth and development. They have previously been identified and characterized in Arabidopsis and rice, and constitute a multigene family in plants. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of annexin gene families in the sequenced genomes of Viridiplantae ranging from unicellular green algae to multicellular plants, and identified 149 genes. Phylogenetic studies of these deduced annexins classified them into nine different arbitrary groups. The occurrence and distribution of bona fide type II calcium binding sites within the four annexin domains were found to be different in each of these groups. Analysis of chromosomal distribution of annexin genes in rice, Arabidopsis and poplar revealed their localization on various chromosomes with some members also found on duplicated chromosomal segments leading to gene family expansion. Analysis of gene structure suggests sequential or differential loss of introns during the evolution of land plant annexin genes. Intron positions and phases are well conserved in annexin genes from representative genomes ranging from Physcomitrella to higher plants. The occurrence of alternative motifs such as K/R/HGD was found to be overlapping or at the mutated regions of the type II calcium binding sites indicating potential functional divergence in certain plant annexins. This study provides a basis for further functional analysis and characterization of annexin multigene families in the plant lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravan Kumar Jami
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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40
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Burki F, Okamoto N, Pombert JF, Keeling PJ. The evolutionary history of haptophytes and cryptophytes: phylogenomic evidence for separate origins. Proc Biol Sci 2012. [PMID: 22298847 DOI: 10.1098/rsbp.2011.2301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An important missing piece in the puzzle of how plastids spread across the eukaryotic tree of life is a robust evolutionary framework for the host lineages. Four assemblages are known to harbour plastids derived from red algae and, according to the controversial chromalveolate hypothesis, these all share a common ancestry. Phylogenomic analyses have consistently shown that stramenopiles and alveolates are closely related, but haptophytes and cryptophytes remain contentious; they have been proposed to branch together with several heterotrophic groups in the newly erected Hacrobia. Here, we tested this question by producing a large expressed sequence tag dataset for the katablepharid Roombia truncata, one of the last hacrobian lineages for which genome-level data are unavailable, and combined this dataset with the recently completed genome of the cryptophyte Guillardia theta to build an alignment composed of 258 genes. Our analyses strongly support haptophytes as sister to the SAR group, possibly together with telonemids and centrohelids. We also confirmed the common origin of katablepharids and cryptophytes, but these lineages were not related to other hacrobians; instead, they branch with plants. Our study resolves the evolutionary position of haptophytes, an ecologically critical component of the oceans, and proposes a new hypothesis for the origin of cryptophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Burki
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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41
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Liu J, Qi ZC, Zhao YP, Fu CX, Jenny Xiang QY. Complete cpDNA genome sequence of Smilax china and phylogenetic placement of Liliales--influences of gene partitions and taxon sampling. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 64:545-62. [PMID: 22643288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequence of the chloroplast genome (cpDNA) of Smilax china L. (Smilacaceae) is reported. It is the first complete cp genome sequence in Liliales. Genomic analyses were conducted to examine the rate and pattern of cpDNA genome evolution in Smilax relative to other major lineages of monocots. The cpDNA genomic sequences were combined with those available for Lilium to evaluate the phylogenetic position of Liliales and to investigate the influence of taxon sampling, gene sampling, gene function, natural selection, and substitution rate on phylogenetic inference in monocots. Phylogenetic analyses using sequence data of gene groups partitioned according to gene function, selection force, and total substitution rate demonstrated evident impacts of these factors on phylogenetic inference of monocots and the placement of Liliales, suggesting potential evolutionary convergence or adaptation of some cpDNA genes in monocots. Our study also demonstrated that reduced taxon sampling reduced the bootstrap support for the placement of Liliales in the cpDNA phylogenomic analysis. Analyses of sequences of 77 protein genes with some missing data and sequences of 81 genes (all protein genes plus the rRNA genes) support a sister relationship of Liliales to the commelinids-Asparagales clade, consistent with the APG III system. Analyses of 63 cpDNA protein genes for 32 taxa with few missing data, however, support a sister relationship of Liliales (represented by Smilax and Lilium) to Dioscoreales-Pandanales. Topology tests indicated that these two alignments do not significantly differ given any of these three cpDNA genomic sequence data sets. Furthermore, we found no saturation effect of the data, suggesting that the cpDNA genomic sequence data used in the study are appropriate for monocot phylogenetic study and long-branch attraction is unlikely to be the cause to explain the result of two well-supported, conflict placements of Liliales. Further analyses using sufficient nuclear data remain necessary to evaluate these two phylogenetic hypotheses regarding the position of Liliales and to address the causes of signal conflict among genes and partitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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42
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Lemmon AR, Emme SA, Lemmon EM. Anchored hybrid enrichment for massively high-throughput phylogenomics. Syst Biol 2012; 61:727-44. [PMID: 22605266 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/sys049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of phylogenetics is on the cusp of a major revolution, enabled by new methods of data collection that leverage both genomic resources and recent advances in DNA sequencing. Previous phylogenetic work has required labor-intensive marker development coupled with single-locus polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing on clade-by-clade and locus-by-locus basis. Here, we present a new, cost-efficient, and rapid approach to obtaining data from hundreds of loci for potentially hundreds of individuals for deep and shallow phylogenetic studies. Specifically, we designed probes for target enrichment of >500 loci in highly conserved anchor regions of vertebrate genomes (flanked by less conserved regions) from five model species and tested enrichment efficiency in nonmodel species up to 508 million years divergent from the nearest model. We found that hybrid enrichment using conserved probes (anchored enrichment) can recover a large number of unlinked loci that are useful at a diversity of phylogenetic timescales. This new approach has the potential not only to expedite resolution of deep-scale portions of the Tree of Life but also to greatly accelerate resolution of the large number of shallow clades that remain unresolved. The combination of low cost (~1% of the cost of traditional Sanger sequencing and ~3.5% of the cost of high-throughput amplicon sequencing for projects on the scale of 500 loci × 100 individuals) and rapid data collection (~2 weeks of laboratory time) are expected to make this approach tractable even for researchers working on systems with limited or nonexistent genomic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Dirac Science Library, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4102, USA.
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43
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Burki F, Flegontov P, Oborník M, Cihlář J, Pain A, Lukeš J, Keeling PJ. Re-evaluating the green versus red signal in eukaryotes with secondary plastid of red algal origin. Genome Biol Evol 2012; 4:626-35. [PMID: 22593553 PMCID: PMC3516247 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evs049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from endosymbiont to organelle in eukaryotic cells involves the transfer of significant numbers of genes to the host genomes, a process known as endosymbiotic gene transfer (EGT). In the case of plastid organelles, EGTs have been shown to leave a footprint in the nuclear genome that can be indicative of ancient photosynthetic activity in present-day plastid-lacking organisms, or even hint at the existence of cryptic plastids. Here, we evaluated the impact of EGT on eukaryote genomes by reanalyzing the recently published EST dataset for Chromera velia, an interesting test case of a photosynthetic alga closely related to apicomplexan parasites. Previously, 513 genes were reported to originate from red and green algae in a 1:1 ratio. In contrast, by manually inspecting newly generated trees indicating putative algal ancestry, we recovered only 51 genes congruent with EGT, of which 23 and 9 were of red and green algal origin, respectively, whereas 19 were ambiguous regarding the algal provenance. Our approach also uncovered 109 genes that branched within a monocot angiosperm clade, most likely representing a contamination. We emphasize the lack of congruence and the subjectivity resulting from independent phylogenomic screens for EGT, which appear to call for extreme caution when drawing conclusions for major evolutionary events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Burki
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Pavel Flegontov
- Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Oborník
- Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Cihlář
- Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Arnab Pain
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Chemical Life Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Julius Lukeš
- Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick J. Keeling
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- *Corresponding author: E-mail:
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44
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Wheeler QD, Knapp S, Stevenson DW, Stevenson J, Blum SD, Boom BM, Borisy GG, Buizer JL, De Carvalho MR, Cibrian A, Donoghue MJ, Doyle V, Gerson EM, Graham CH, Graves P, Graves SJ, Guralnick RP, Hamilton AL, Hanken J, Law W, Lipscomb DL, Lovejoy TE, Miller H, Miller JS, Naeem S, Novacek MJ, Page LM, Platnick NI, Porter-Morgan H, Raven PH, Solis MA, Valdecasas AG, Van Der Leeuw S, Vasco A, Vermeulen N, Vogel J, Walls RL, Wilson EO, Woolley JB. Mapping the biosphere: exploring species to understand the origin, organization and sustainability of biodiversity. SYST BIODIVERS 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2012.665095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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45
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Burki F, Okamoto N, Pombert JF, Keeling PJ. The evolutionary history of haptophytes and cryptophytes: phylogenomic evidence for separate origins. Proc Biol Sci 2012; 279:2246-54. [PMID: 22298847 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2011.2301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An important missing piece in the puzzle of how plastids spread across the eukaryotic tree of life is a robust evolutionary framework for the host lineages. Four assemblages are known to harbour plastids derived from red algae and, according to the controversial chromalveolate hypothesis, these all share a common ancestry. Phylogenomic analyses have consistently shown that stramenopiles and alveolates are closely related, but haptophytes and cryptophytes remain contentious; they have been proposed to branch together with several heterotrophic groups in the newly erected Hacrobia. Here, we tested this question by producing a large expressed sequence tag dataset for the katablepharid Roombia truncata, one of the last hacrobian lineages for which genome-level data are unavailable, and combined this dataset with the recently completed genome of the cryptophyte Guillardia theta to build an alignment composed of 258 genes. Our analyses strongly support haptophytes as sister to the SAR group, possibly together with telonemids and centrohelids. We also confirmed the common origin of katablepharids and cryptophytes, but these lineages were not related to other hacrobians; instead, they branch with plants. Our study resolves the evolutionary position of haptophytes, an ecologically critical component of the oceans, and proposes a new hypothesis for the origin of cryptophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Burki
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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46
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Kear PJ, McClure B. How did Flowering Plants Learn to Avoid Blind Date Mistakes? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 738:108-23. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-1680-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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47
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Yuzawa Y, Nishihara H, Haraguchi T, Masuda S, Shimojima M, Shimoyama A, Yuasa H, Okada N, Ohta H. Phylogeny of galactolipid synthase homologs together with their enzymatic analyses revealed a possible origin and divergence time for photosynthetic membrane biogenesis. DNA Res 2011; 19:91-102. [PMID: 22210603 PMCID: PMC3276260 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsr044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The photosynthetic membranes of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts of higher plants have remarkably similar lipid compositions. In particular, thylakoid membranes of both cyanobacteria and chloroplasts are composed of galactolipids, of which monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) is the most abundant, although MGDG biosynthetic pathways are different in these organisms. Comprehensive phylogenetic analysis revealed that MGDG synthase (MGD) homologs of filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs Chloroflexi have a close relationship with MGDs of Viridiplantae (green algae and land plants). Furthermore, analyses for the sugar specificity and anomeric configuration of the sugar head groups revealed that one of the MGD homologs exhibited a true MGDG synthetic activity. We therefore presumed that higher plant MGDs are derived from this ancestral type of MGD genes, and genes involved in membrane biogenesis and photosystems have been already functionally associated at least at the time of Chloroflexi divergence. As MGD gene duplication is an important event during plastid evolution, we also estimated the divergence time of type A and B MGDs. Our analysis indicated that these genes diverged ∼323 million years ago, when Spermatophyta (seed plants) were appearing. Galactolipid synthesis is required to produce photosynthetic membranes; based on MGD gene sequences and activities, we have proposed a novel evolutionary model that has increased our understanding of photosynthesis evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Yuzawa
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 B-65 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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48
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Woody JL, Shoemaker RC. Gene expression: sizing it all up. Front Genet 2011; 2:70. [PMID: 22303365 PMCID: PMC3268623 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2011.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic architecture appears to be a largely unexplored component of gene expression. That architecture can be related to chromatin domains, transposable element neighborhoods, epigenetic modifications of the genome, and more. Although surely not the end of the story, we are learning that when it comes to gene expression, size is also important. We have been surprised to find that certain patterns of expression, tissue specific versus constitutive, or high expression versus low expression, are often associated with physical attributes of the gene and genome. Multiple studies have shown an inverse relationship between gene expression patterns and various physical parameters of the genome such as intron size, exon size, intron number, and size of intergenic regions. An increase in expression level and breadth often correlates with a decrease in the size of physical attributes of the gene. Three models have been proposed to explain these relationships. Contradictory results were found in several organisms when expression level and expression breadth were analyzed independently. However, when both factors were combined in a single study a novel relationship was revealed. At low levels of expression, an increase in expression breadth correlated with an increase in genic, intergenic, and intragenic sizes. Contrastingly, at high levels of expression, an increase in expression breadth inversely correlated with the size of the gene. In this article we explore the several hypotheses regarding genome physical parameters and gene expression.
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49
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Rowan BA, Weigel D, Koenig D. Developmental genetics and new sequencing technologies: the rise of nonmodel organisms. Dev Cell 2011; 21:65-76. [PMID: 21763609 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2011.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Much of developmental biology in the past decades has been driven by forward genetic studies in a few model organisms. We review recent work with relatives of these species, motivated by a desire to understand the evolutionary and ecological context for morphological innovation. Unfortunately, despite a number of shining examples, progress in nonmodel systems has often been slow. The current revolution in DNA sequencing has, however, enormous potential in extending the reach of genetics. We discuss how developmental biology will benefit from these advances, particularly by increasing the universe of study species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Rowan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C McElwain
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland.
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