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Wang Y, Liu H, Zhang M, Xu J, Zheng L, Liu P, Chen J, Liu H, Chen C. Epigenetic reprogramming in gastrointestinal cancer: biology and translational perspectives. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e670. [PMID: 39184862 PMCID: PMC11344282 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tumors, the second leading cause of human mortality, are characterized by their association with inflammation. Currently, progress in the early diagnosis and effective treatment of gastrointestinal tumors is limited. Recent whole-genome analyses have underscored their profound heterogeneity and extensive genetic and epigenetic reprogramming. Epigenetic reprogramming pertains to dynamic and hereditable alterations in epigenetic patterns, devoid of concurrent modifications in the underlying DNA sequence. Common epigenetic modifications encompass DNA methylation, histone modifications, noncoding RNA, RNA modifications, and chromatin remodeling. These modifications possess the potential to invoke or suppress a multitude of genes associated with cancer, thereby governing the establishment of chromatin configurations characterized by diverse levels of accessibility. This intricate interplay assumes a pivotal and indispensable role in governing the commencement and advancement of gastrointestinal cancer. This article focuses on the impact of epigenetic reprogramming in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and colorectal cancer, as well as other uncommon gastrointestinal tumors. We elucidate the epigenetic landscape of gastrointestinal tumors, encompassing DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and their interrelationships. Besides, this review summarizes the potential diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic targets in epigenetic reprogramming, with the aim of assisting clinical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Hongyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Mengsha Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Liuxian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jingyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Hongyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Chong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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Mosallaei M, Siri G, Alani B, Khomartash MS, Naghoosi H, Pourghazi F, Heidari R, Sabet MN, Behroozi J. Differential methylation of DNA promoter sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as promising diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:993-998. [PMID: 39023608 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2542_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous reports have indicated that the methylation profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in different genes and loci is altered in colorectal cancer (CRC). Regarding the high mortality rate and silent nature of CRC, screening and early detection can meaningfully reduce disease-related deaths. Therefore, for the first time, we aimed to evaluate the early non-invasive diagnosis of CRC via quantitative promoter methylation analysis of RUNX3 and RASSF1A genes in PBMCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we analyzed the methylation status of two important tumor suppressor genes including RUNX3 and RASSF1A in 70 CRC patients and 70 non-malignant subjects using methylation-quantification of endonuclease-resistant DNA (MethyQESD), and a bisulfite conversion-independent method. RESULTS RUNX3 was significantly hypermethylated in PBMCs of CRC patients compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001). By determining the efficient cutoff value, the sensitivity, and specificity of RUNX3 promoter methylation for CRC diagnosis reached 84.28% and 77.14%, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses demonstrated that RUNX3 promoter methylation has high accuracy (areas under the curve [AUC] = 0.840, P < 0.001) for discriminating CRC subjects from healthy individuals. Moreover, RUNX3 methylation levels in PBMCs progressively increased with the stage of the disease (P < 0.001). Although the amount of RASSF1A promoter methylation was not significantly different between CRC patients and controls as well as in different stages of the disease (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings confirmed that PBMCs are reliable sources of methylation analysis for CRC screening, and RUNX3 promoter methylation can be used as a promising biomarker for early diagnosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Mosallaei
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Goli Siri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amir-Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrang Alani
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Naghoosi
- Infectious Disease Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Pourghazi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad N Sabet
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Behroozi
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang X, Hou H, Jiang M, Zhang X. Aberrant circulating tumor DNA methylation and exosomal microRNA biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2743-2750. [PMID: 36583782 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) became the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death in 2020. However, the rates of early screening and early diagnosis for CRC remain unsatisfactory. Thus, it is essential to explore the initiating factors of CRC and strategies for its early diagnosis. Research progress in liquid biopsy has led to the finding that circulating tumor-derived DNA (ctDNA) and exosomes play vital roles in early detection of CRC. THE APPLICATIONS OF LIQUID BIOPSY FOR EARLY DETECTION OF COLORECTAL CANCER: Moreover, the increased understanding of epigenetics has highlighted the role of ctDNA methylation in CRC carcinogenesis, and the detection of aberrant ctDNA methylation markers is a feasible strategy for diagnosis of early-stage CRC. Among exosomal markers, microRNAs (miRNAs) are abundant and are the most researched. Upregulated or downregulated expression of exosome-derived miRNAs can indicate the occurrence of early-stage CRC. FUTURE PERSPECTIVE The current research progress on aberrant ctDNA methylation and tumor exosomal miRNA biomarkers in early detection of CRC is summarized in this review, and the advantages and shortcomings of the methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchen Zhang
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Helei Hou
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Man Jiang
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Min L, Chen J, Yu M, Liu D. Using Circulating Tumor DNA as a Novel Biomarker to Screen and Diagnose Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:408. [PMID: 36675337 PMCID: PMC9860998 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a promising biomarker for many kinds of tumors. However, whether ctDNA could be an accurate diagnostic biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains to be clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ctDNA in CRC. (2) Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched to identify studies reporting the use of ctDNA to screen and diagnose CRC, and all relevant studies published until October 2022 were enrolled for our analysis. These studies were divided into three primer subgroups: the subgroup of quantitative or qualitative analysis of ctDNA and the subgroup of septin9 (SEPT9) methylation assay. (3) Results: A total of 79 qualified articles with 25,240 subjects were incorporated into our meta-analysis. For quantitative studies, the combined sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were 0.723 (95% CI: 0.623-0.803), 0.920 (95% CI: 0.827-0.966), and 23.305 (95% CI: 9.378-57.906), respectively, yielding an AUC of 0.860. The corresponding values for qualitative studies were 0.610 (95% CI: 0.566-0.651), 0.891 (95% CI: 0.878-0.909), 12.569 (95% CI: 9.969-15.848), and 0.823, respectively. Detection of SEPT9 methylation depicted an AUC of 0.879, with an SEN of 0.679 (95% CI: 0.622-0.732), an SPE of 0.903 (95% CI: 0.878-0.923), and a DOR of 20.121 (95% CI:14.404-28.106), respectively. (4) Conclusion: Blood-based ctDNA assay would be a potential novel biomarker for CRC screening and diagnosis. Specifically, quantitative analysis of ctDNA or qualitative analysis of SEPT9 methylation exhibited satisfying diagnostic efficiency. Larger sample studies are needed to further confirm our conclusions and to make the ctDNA approach more sensitive and specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Meihong Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Deliang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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Zeng Y, Rong H, Xu J, Cao R, Li S, Gao Y, Cheng B, Zhou T. DNA Methylation: An Important Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Gastric Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:823905. [PMID: 35309131 PMCID: PMC8931997 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.823905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a very common malignancy with a poor prognosis, and its occurrence and development are closely related to epigenetic modifications. Methylation of DNA before or during gastric cancer is an interesting research topic. This article reviews the studies on DNA methylation related to the cause, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of gastric cancer and aims to find cancer biomarkers to solve major human health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huimin Rong
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruyue Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanjing Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Baoquan Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Zhou,
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RASSF1A and p16 promoter methylation and treatment response in chronic hepatitis C genotype 1b patients treated with pegylated interferon/ribavirin. ARCH BIOL SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/abs211208004k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and its complications is based on
antiviral therapy and early detection of reliable molecular markers in
persons under risk. We investigated whether the methylation status of
RASSF1A and p16 genes, alone or in combination with host and viral factors,
affects the response to therapy with pegylated interferon/ribavirin (PEGIFN/
RBV). Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was used to
determine the methylation status of the target promoter sequences of RASSF1A
and p16 in circulating-free DNA from the peripheral blood of 49 patients
with CHC genotype 1b. The methylation status of the examined genes did not
affect the response to therapy. However, the simultaneous presence of either
RASSF1A or p16 methylation and the CC genotype of IL28B was significantly
related to a sustained virologic response (P=0.009 and P=0.032,
respectively). After Bonferroni correction, only the result concerning the
RASSF1A gene remained significant (P<0.0125). Methylation of RASSF1A was
associated with the CC genotype of the IL28B gene (P=0.024) and a higher
viral load (?400 000 IU/mL, P=0.009). Our results suggest that combined
analysis of RASSF1A gene methylation and IL28B rs12979860 polymorphism could
potentially help in the prediction of therapy response in CHC genotype 1b
patients.
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Raos D, Ulamec M, Katusic Bojanac A, Bulic-Jakus F, Jezek D, Sincic N. Epigenetically inactivated RASSF1A as a tumor biomarker. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2021; 21:386-397. [PMID: 33175673 PMCID: PMC8292865 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.5219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RASSF1A, one of the eight isoforms of the RASSF1 gene, is a tumor suppressor gene that influences tumor initiation and development. In cancer, RASSF1A is frequently inactivated by mutations, loss of heterozygosity, and, most commonly, by promoter hypermethylation. Epigenetic inactivation of RASSF1A was detected in various cancer types and led to significant interest; current research on RASSF1A promoter methylation focuses on its roles as an epigenetic tumor biomarker. Typically, researchers analyzed genomic DNA (gDNA) to measure the amount of RASSF1A promoter methylation. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from liquid biopsies is a recent development showing promise as an early cancer diagnostic tool using biomarkers, such as RASSF1A. This review discusses the evidence on aberrantly methylated RASSF1A in gDNA and cfDNA from different cancer types and its utility for early cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and surveillance. We compared methylation frequencies of RASSF1A in gDNA and cfDNA in various cancer types. The weaknesses and strengths of these analyses are discussed. In conclusion, although the importance of RASSSF1A methylation to cancer has been established and is included in several diagnostic panels, its diagnostic utility is still experimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Raos
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Ulamec
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Pathology, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine and School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Katusic Bojanac
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Floriana Bulic-Jakus
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Jezek
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nino Sincic
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Karamitrousis EI, Balgkouranidou I, Xenidis N, Amarantidis K, Biziota E, Koukaki T, Trypsianis G, Karayiannakis A, Bolanaki H, Kolios G, Lianidou E, Kakolyris S. Prognostic Role of RASSF1A, SOX17 and Wif-1 Promoter Methylation Status in Cell-Free DNA of Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:1533033820973279. [PMID: 33928818 PMCID: PMC8113658 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820973279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modification of several genes is a key component in the development of gastric cancer. The methylation status of RASSF1A, SOX17 and Wif-1 genes was evaluated in the cell free circulating DNA of 70 patients with advanced gastric cancer, using methylation-specific PCR. Patients with higher cell-free DNA concentration seem to have lower PFS, than patients with lower cell-free DNA concentration (p = 0.001). RASSF1A was the tumor suppressor gene, most frequently methylated in metastatic gastric cancer patients, followed by SOX17 and Wif-1 (74.3%, 60.0% and 47.1%, respectively). Patients having the SOX17 promoter methylated, had lower progression free survival and overall survival, than unmethylated ones (p < 0.001). Patients having the Wif-1 promoter methylated, had lower progression free survival and overall survival, than unmethylated ones (p = 0.001). Patients having the RASSF1A promoter methylated, had lower progression free survival and overall survival, than unmethylated ones (p = 0.004). Promoter methylation of the examined genes was significantly associated with a decrease in progression free survival and overall survival, comparing to that of patients without methylation. Simultaneous methylation of the above genes was associated with even worse progression free survival and overall survival. The methylation of RASSF1A, SOX-17 and Wif-1 and genes, is a frequent epigenetic event in patients with advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioanna Balgkouranidou
- Department of Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Xenidis
- Department of Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Amarantidis
- Department of Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eirini Biziota
- Department of Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Triantafyllia Koukaki
- Department of Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Grigorios Trypsianis
- Department of Medical Statistics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Anastasios Karayiannakis
- Second Department of Surgery, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Helen Bolanaki
- Second Department of Surgery, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Evi Lianidou
- Department of Chemistry, Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stylianos Kakolyris
- Department of Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Laugsand EA, Brenne SS, Skorpen F. DNA methylation markers detected in blood, stool, urine, and tissue in colorectal cancer: a systematic review of paired samples. Int J Colorectal Dis 2021; 36:239-251. [PMID: 33030559 PMCID: PMC7801356 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-020-03757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Methylated cell-free DNA in liquid biopsies are promising non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC). Optimal markers would have high sensitivity and specificity for early detection of CRC and could be detected in more than one type of material from the patient. We systematically reviewed the literature on DNA methylation markers of colorectal cancer, detected in more than one type of material, regarding their potential as contributors to a panel for screening and follow-up of CRC. METHODS The databases MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched. Data extraction and review was performed by two authors independently. Agreement between methylation status in tissue and other materials (blood/stool/urine) was analyzed using the McNemar test and Cohen's kappa. RESULTS From the 51 included studies, we identified seven single markers with sensitivity ≥ 75% and specificity ≥ 90% for CRC. We also identified one promising plasma panel and two stool panels. The correspondence of methylation status was evaluated as very good for four markers, but only marginal for most of the other markers investigated (12 of 21). CONCLUSION The included studies reported only some of the variables and markers of interest and included few patients. Hence, a meta-analysis was not possible at this point. Larger, prospective studies must be designed to study the discordant detection of markers in tissue and liquid biopsies. When reporting their findings, such studies should use a standardized format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivor Alette Laugsand
- Department of Surgery, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital trust, N-7600, Levanger, Norway.
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Siv Sellæg Brenne
- Department of Surgery, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital trust, N-7600, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Frank Skorpen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
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Huang ZB, Zhang HT, Yu B, Yu DH. Cell-free DNA as a liquid biopsy for early detection of gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:3. [PMID: 33240409 PMCID: PMC7681206 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with poor prognosis worldwide, mainly due to the lack of suitable modalities for population-based screening and early detection of this disease. Therefore, novel and less invasive tests with improved clinical utility are urgently required. The remarkable advances in genomics and proteomics, along with emerging new technologies for highly sensitive detection of genetic alterations, have shown the potential to map the genomic makeup of a tumor in liquid biopsies, in order to assist with early detection and clinical management. The present review summarize the current status in the identification and development of cell-free DNA (cfDNA)-based biomarkers in GC, and also discusses their potential utility and the technical challenges in developing practical cfDNA-based liquid biopsy for early detection of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Bin Huang
- Department of Surgery, Hanchuan Renmin Hospital, Hanchuan, Hubei 431600, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518037, P.R. China
| | - Benjamin Yu
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - De-Hua Yu
- Shenzhen USK Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
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Potential of RASSF1A promoter methylation as a biomarker for colorectal cancer: Meta-analysis and TCGA analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153009. [PMID: 32703486 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The RAS association domain family protein 1A (RASSF1A) is a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer (CRC), and is often inactived by hypermethylation. Therefore, we evaluated the association between RASSF1A hypermethylation and the risk and prognosis in CRC. We identified literature through searching PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, and then validated and supplemented the meta-analysis with TCGA analysis. Twenty-three studies involving 2886 subjects of CRC were examined. The meta-analysis showed that RASSF1A promoter methylation inferred high CRC risk (odds ratio, 6.53, 95% confidence interval 3.88-11.01, P < .001) and poor overall survival (hazard ratio 2.85, 95% CI 1.88-4.31, P < .001). The TCGA analysis suggested that effect of RASSF1A promotor methylation was affected by tumor localization (colon vs. rectum). RASSF1A promoter methylation was a predictor of high risk (OR 2.38, 95%CI 1.02-5.6, P = .046) and poor disease free survival(HR 2.25, 95%CI 1.27-3.99, P = .006)in colon adenocarcinoma, but the association was statistically insignificant in rectum adenocarcinoma(HR 1.58, 95% CI 0.69-3.59, P = .28). These results suggested RASSF1A hypermethylation is a risk and a potential prognostic biomarker in CRC.
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12
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Constâncio V, Nunes SP, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. DNA Methylation-Based Testing in Liquid Biopsies as Detection and Prognostic Biomarkers for the Four Major Cancer Types. Cells 2020; 9:E624. [PMID: 32150897 PMCID: PMC7140532 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung, breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers are the most incident worldwide. Optimal population-based cancer screening methods remain an unmet need, since cancer detection at early stages increases the prospects of successful and curative treatment, leading to a lower incidence of recurrences. Moreover, the current parameters for cancer patients' stratification have been associated with divergent outcomes. Therefore, new biomarkers that could aid in cancer detection and prognosis, preferably detected by minimally invasive methods are of major importance. Aberrant DNA methylation is an early event in cancer development and may be detected in circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA), constituting a valuable cancer biomarker. Furthermore, DNA methylation is a stable alteration that can be easily and rapidly quantified by methylation-specific PCR methods. Thus, the main goal of this review is to provide an overview of the most important studies that report methylation biomarkers for the detection and prognosis of the four major cancers after a critical analysis of the available literature. DNA methylation-based biomarkers show promise for cancer detection and management, with some studies describing a "PanCancer" detection approach for the simultaneous detection of several cancer types. Nonetheless, DNA methylation biomarkers still lack large-scale validation, precluding implementation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Constâncio
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group—Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (S.P.N.); (R.H.)
- Master in Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra P. Nunes
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group—Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (S.P.N.); (R.H.)
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group—Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (S.P.N.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar–University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group—Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (S.P.N.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar–University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Saliminejad K, Soleymani Fard S, Khorram Khorshid HR, Yaghmaie M, Mahmoodzadeh H, Mousavi SA, Ghaffari SH. Methylation Analysis of P16, RASSF1A, RPRM, and RUNX3 in Circulating Cell-Free DNA for Detection of Gastric Cancer: A Validation Study. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2020; 12:99-106. [PMID: 32431794 PMCID: PMC7229449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of Gastric Cancer (GC) patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage with poor prognosis. Hypermethylations of several tumor suppressor genes in cell-free DNA of GC patients have been previously reported. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the methylation status of P16, RASSF1A, RPRM, and RUNX3 and their potentials for early diagnosis of GC. METHODS Methylation status of the four tumor suppressor genes in 96 plasma samples from histopathologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma patients (Stage I-IV) and 88 healthy controls was determined using methylation-specific PCR method. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed and Area Under the Curve (AUC) was calculated. Two tailed p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Methylated P16, RASSF1A, RPRM, and RUNX3 were significantly higher in the GC patients (41.7, 33.3, 66.7, and 58.3%) compared to the controls (15.9, 0.0, 6.8, and 4.5%), respectively (p<0.001). Stratification of patients showed that RPRM (AUC: 0.70, Sensitivity: 0.47, Specificity: 0.93, and p<0.001) and RUNX3 (AUC: 0.77, Sensitivity: 0.59, Specificity: 0.95, and p<0.001) had the highest performances in detection of early-stage (I+II) GC. The combined methylation of RPRM and RUNX3 in detection of early-stage GC had a higher AUC of 0.88 (SE=0.042; 95% CI:0.793-0.957; p<0.001), higher sensitivity of 0.82 and reduced specificity of 0.89. CONCLUSION Methylation analysis of RPRM and RUNX3 in circulating cell free-DNA of plasma could be suggested as a potential biomarker for detection of GC in early-stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kioomars Saliminejad
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Soleymani Fard
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Marjan Yaghmaie
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Asadollah Mousavi
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamidollah Ghaffari
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Seyed Hamidollah Ghaffari, Ph.D., Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran, Tel: +98 21 84902665, Fax: +98 21 88004140, E-mail:
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Constâncio V, Nunes SP, Moreira-Barbosa C, Freitas R, Oliveira J, Pousa I, Oliveira J, Soares M, Dias CG, Dias T, Antunes L, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Early detection of the major male cancer types in blood-based liquid biopsies using a DNA methylation panel. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:175. [PMID: 31791387 PMCID: PMC6889617 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung (LC), prostate (PCa) and colorectal (CRC) cancers are the most incident in males worldwide. Despite recent advances, optimal population-based cancer screening methods remain an unmet need. Due to its early onset, cancer specificity and accessibility in body fluids, aberrant DNA promoter methylation might be a valuable minimally invasive tool for early cancer detection. Herein, we aimed to develop a minimally invasive methylation-based test for simultaneous early detection of LC, PCa and CRC in males, using liquid biopsies. RESULTS Circulating cell-free DNA was extracted from 102 LC, 121 PCa and 100 CRC patients and 136 asymptomatic donors' plasma samples. Sodium-bisulfite modification and whole-genome amplification was performed. Promoter methylation levels of APCme, FOXA1me, GSTP1me, HOXD3me, RARβ2me, RASSF1Ame, SEPT9me and SOX17me were assessed by multiplex quantitative methylation-specific PCR. SEPT9me and SOX17me were the only biomarkers shared by all three cancer types, although they detected CRC with limited sensitivity. A "PanCancer" panel (FOXA1me, RARβ2me and RASSF1Ame) detected LC and PCa with 64% sensitivity and 70% specificity, complemented with "CancerType" panel (GSTP1me and SOX17me) which discriminated between LC and PCa with 93% specificity, but with modest sensitivity. Moreover, a HOXD3me and RASSF1Ame panel discriminated small cell lung carcinoma from non-small cell lung carcinoma with 75% sensitivity, 88% specificity, 6.5 LR+ and 0.28 LR-. An APCme and RASSF1Ame panel independently predicted disease-specific mortality in LC patients. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that a DNA methylation-based test in liquid biopsies might enable minimally invasive screening of LC and PCa, improving patient compliance and reducing healthcare costs. Moreover, it might assist in LC subtyping and prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Constâncio
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group-Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), LAB 3, F Bdg, 1st floor Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,Master in Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar-University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra P Nunes
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group-Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), LAB 3, F Bdg, 1st floor Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Moreira-Barbosa
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group-Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), LAB 3, F Bdg, 1st floor Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Freitas
- Urology Clinic, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Oliveira
- Urology Clinic, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Pousa
- Lung Cancer Clinic and Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Júlio Oliveira
- Lung Cancer Clinic and Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Soares
- Lung Cancer Clinic and Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gonçalves Dias
- Digestive Tract Pathology Clinic and Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Dias
- Digestive Tract Pathology Clinic and Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Antunes
- Department of Epidemiology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group-Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), LAB 3, F Bdg, 1st floor Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar-University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group-Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), LAB 3, F Bdg, 1st floor Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar-University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Sun X, Li H, Sun M, Yuan Y, Sun L. Circulating tumor DNA RASSF1 methylation for predicting cancer risk: a diagnostic meta-analysis. Future Oncol 2019; 15:3513-3525. [PMID: 31578881 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We conducted a meta-analysis to assess diagnostic accuracy of circulating tumor DNA RASSF1 methylation in cancer. Materials & methods: Studies were searched from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for articles published until December 2018. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio and summary receiver operating characteristic were used to assess the diagnostic value, and MethHC database was used for verification. Results: 13 studies with 1237 subjects and 676 cancer patients were enrolled. The area under curve was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.76-0.83), the pooled sensitivity was 0.35 (95% CI: 0.31-0.39) and the specificity was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.98). Verification by MethHC database was almost consistent with the result of meta-analysis. Conclusion: Circulating tumor DNA RASSF1 methylation is a potential biomarker for predicting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Tumor Etiology & Screening Department of Cancer Institute & General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China.,Digestive Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Tumor Etiology & Screening Department of Cancer Institute & General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Mingjun Sun
- Digestive Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology & Screening Department of Cancer Institute & General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology & Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology & Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Liping Sun
- Tumor Etiology & Screening Department of Cancer Institute & General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology & Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology & Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China
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Cervena K, Vodicka P, Vymetalkova V. Diagnostic and prognostic impact of cell-free DNA in human cancers: Systematic review. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 781:100-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Salama RH, Sayed ZEAA, Ashmawy AM, Elsewify WA, Ezzat GM, Mahmoud MA, Alsanory AA, Alsanory TA. Interrelations of Apoptotic and Cellular Senescence Genes Methylation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Subtypes and Colorectal Carcinoma in Egyptians Patients. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:330-343. [PMID: 30989570 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ras-related domain family member 1 transcript variant A (RASSF1A) controls apoptosis and cell proliferation while p14/ARF gene has a regulatory role in cellular senescence. Failure of apoptosis and cellular senescence occurs during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). To reveal the role of peripheral leukocyte promoter methylation of RASSF1A and p14/ARF in the pathogenesis of IBD subtypes and CRC we investigated the methylation state of the two genes by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP-PCR) in 60 CRC patients, 60 patients with IBD; 27 with ulcerative colitis and 33 had Crohn's disease and also in 30 healthy subjects. Methylated RASSF1A and p14/ARF genes were detected in 55% and 60% of CRC, while the frequency of the methylated RASSF1A and p14/ARF genes was 23.3% and 43.3% in IBD patients and 3.3% and 13.3% in the control group (P = 0.000 each). Also, the frequency of methylated RASSF1A gene was significantly higher in ulcerative colitis than in Crohn's disease, while a non-significant frequency of methylated p14/ARF was detected between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Furthermore, methylated RASSF1A and p14/ARF were associated with the grade of CRC but not associated with the age of patients, family history, or tumor location. Results suggest that methylated RASSF1A and p14/ARF are related to CRC and IBD pathogenesis and may be used as molecular biomarkers for early detection of CRC and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragaa H Salama
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed M Ashmawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Wael A Elsewify
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Ezzat
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud A Mahmoud
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Aya A Alsanory
- Students at Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Tasneem A Alsanory
- Students at Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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18
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Pan R, Zhou C, Dai J, Ying X, Yu H, Zhong J, Zhang Y, Wu B, Mao Y, Wu D, Ying J, Zhang W, Duan S. Endothelial PAS domain protein 1 gene hypomethylation is associated with colorectal cancer in Han Chinese. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4983-4990. [PMID: 30542453 PMCID: PMC6257466 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 (EPAS1) serves a role in angiogenesis, which is important for the development of tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The current study aimed to estimate whether EPAS1 methylation was associated with CRC. A two-stage association study of EPAS1 methylation and CRC was conducted. In the first phase, EPAS1 methylation was evaluated in the tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissue samples from 41 patients with sporadic CRC in Jiangsu province, China. The diagnostic value of methylation of EPAS1 for CRC in the second phase was evaluated in 79 patients with sporadic CRC and 22 normal individuals in Zhejiang province, China. The methylation assay was performed using a quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (qMSP) method. The percentage of methylated reference (PMR) was used to quantify the methylation level. The first-stage results indicated that EPAS1 promoter methylation was significantly lower in CRC tumor tissues compared with 5-cm-para-tumor tissues (median PMR, 0.59 vs. 1.22%; P=0.027) and 10-cm-para-tumor tissues (median PMR, 0.59 vs. 1.89%; P=0.001). In addition, the second-stage results indicated that EPAS1 promoter methylation was significantly lower in tumor tissues compared with 5-cm-para-tumor tissues (median PMR, 1.91 vs. 6.25%; P=3×10−7) and normal intestinal tissues from healthy controls (median PMR, 1.91 vs. 28.4%; P=5×10−7). Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis of the second-stage data indicated that the highest area under the curve of EPAS1 hypomethylation was 0.851 between Zhejiang CRC tissues and Zhejiang normal intestinal tissues (sensitivity, 95.5%; specificity, 60.8%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Pan
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Jie Dai
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Xiuru Ying
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Hang Yu
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Boyi Wu
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Yiyi Mao
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Dongping Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Jieer Ying
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
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Hu H, Zhou C, Li B, Chen Y, Dai J, Mao Y, Huang T, Yu H, Chen M, Zhao J, Duan S. Diagnostic value of RASSF1A hypermethylation in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1572-1578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Pan R, Yu H, Dai J, Zhou C, Ying X, Zhong J, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Wu B, Mao Y, Wu D, Ying J, Duan S. Significant association of PRMT6 hypomethylation with colorectal cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 32:e22590. [PMID: 29927001 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) was deemed to be indispensable in the variety of biological processes. Upregulated PRMT6 was found in various human diseases including cancer. Herein, we investigated the performance of PRMT6 methylation in the diagnosis for CRC. METHODS A quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (qMSP) method was used to measure PRMT6 promoter methylation. The percentage of methylated reference (PMR) was applied to represent gene methylation level. RESULTS Our data indicated that PRMT6 promoter methylation levels were significantly lower in CRC tissues than those in paired nontumor tissues (median PMR: 36.93% vs 63.12%, P = 1E-6) and normal intestinal tissues (median PMR: 36.93% vs 506.55%, P = 8E-12). We further examined the potential role of PRMT6 hypomethylation by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Our results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.644 (95% CI = 0.596-0.733) between CRC tissues and paired nontumor tissues, 0.958 (95% CI = 0.919-0.998) between CRC tissues and normal intestinal tissues, and 0.899 (95% CI = 0.825-0.972) between paired nontumor tissues and normal intestinal tissues. CONCLUSION Our study firstly indicated that the hypomethylation of PRMT6 promoter could be a novel diagnostic biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Pan
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiuru Ying
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Boyi Wu
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiyi Mao
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongping Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jieer Ying
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating tumor DNA in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:6330-6340. [PMID: 28009985 PMCID: PMC5351635 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has offered a minimally invasive approach for detection and measurement of gastric cancer (GC). However, its diagnostic and prognostic value in gastric cancer still remains unclear. RESULTS A total of 16 studies comprising 1193 GC patients met our inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.62 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.59-0.65) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.93-0.96), respectively. The AUSROC (area under SROC) curve was 0.94 (95% CI 0.89-0.98). The results showed that the presence of certain ctDNA markers was associated with larger tumor size (OR: 0.26, 95% CI 0.11-0.61, p = 0.002), TNM stage (I + II/III + IV, OR: 0.11, 95% CI 0.07-0.17, p = 0.000), as well as H. pylori infection. (H.p negative/H.p positive, OR: 0.57, 95% CI 0.36-0.91, p = 0.018). Moreover, there was also a significant association between the presence of ctDNA and worse overall survival (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.38-2.28, p < 0.001), as well as disease-free survival (HR 4.36, 95% CI 3.08-6.16, p < 0.001). MATERIALS AND METHODS Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were searched for relating literature published up until November 30, 2016. Diagnostic accuracy variables were pooled by the Meta-Disc software. Engauge Digitizer and Stata software were applied for prognostic data extraction and analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis indicates the detection of certain ctDNA targets is significantly associated with poor prognosis of GC patients, with high specificity and relatively moderate sensitivity.
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Rasmussen SL, Krarup HB, Sunesen KG, Johansen MB, Stender MT, Pedersen IS, Madsen PH, Thorlacius-Ussing O. The prognostic efficacy of cell-free DNA hypermethylation in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:7010-7022. [PMID: 29467946 PMCID: PMC5805532 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations in colorectal cancer (CRC) cause important differences in the underlying tumor biology and aggressiveness. DNA hypermethylation is central for the development of CRC but the prognostic impact remains elusive. We aimed to assess the association between cell-free hypermethylated DNA and stage and survival in colorectal cancer (CRC). We analyzed pre-treatment plasma samples from 193 patients with CRC. Thirty gene-promoter regions were analyzed using methylation specific PCR. We compared the median number (range) of hypermethylated promoter regions with CRC stage, and constructed a multivariable Cox-regression model adjusted for stage, to evaluate the added prognostic information. The median number of hypermethylated promoter regions was nine (0-28) in patients with distant metastasis compared to five (0-19) in patients without metastatic disease (p < 0.0001). The majority of the hypermethylated promoter regions inferred a poor prognosis. Cox-regression analysis adjusted for patient age, sex, pre-treatment CEA-levels, and disease stage, showed that RARB (HR = 1.99, 95% CI [1.07, 3.72]) and RASSF1A (HR = 3.35, 95% CI [1.76, 6.38]) hypermethylation inferred a significant effect on survival. The risk of metastasis increase with the number of cell-free hypermethylated promoter regions. The presence of RARB and RASSF1A hypermethylation indicated aggressive disease, regardless of stage at the time of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ladefoged Rasmussen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Bygum Krarup
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mogens Tornby Stender
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Inge Søkilde Pedersen
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Poul Henning Madsen
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ole Thorlacius-Ussing
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Wen J, Zheng T, Hu K, Zhu C, Guo L, Ye G. Promoter methylation of tumor-related genes as a potential biomarker using blood samples for gastric cancer detection. Oncotarget 2017; 8:77783-77793. [PMID: 29100425 PMCID: PMC5652815 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene promoter methylation has been reported in gastric cancer (GC). However, the potential applications of blood-based gene promoter methylation as a noninvasive biomarker for GC detection remain to be evaluated. Hence, we performed this analysis to determine whether promoter methylation of 11 tumor-related genes could become a promising biomarker in blood samples in GC. We found that the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16), E-cadherin (CDH1), runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3), human mutL homolog 1 (MLH1), RAS association domain family protein 1A (RASSF1A), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (p15), adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), TP53 dependent G2 arrest mediator candidate (Reprimo), and O6-methylguanine-DNAmethyl-transferase (MGMT) promoter methylation was notably higher in blood samples of patients with GC compared with non-tumor controls. While death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) promoter methylation was not correlated with GC. Further analyses demonstrated that RUNX3, RASSF1A and Reprimo promoter methylation had a good diagnostic capacity in blood samples of GC versus non-tumor controls (RUNX3: sensitivity = 63.2% and specificity = 97.5%, RASSF1A: sensitivity = 61.5% and specificity = 96.3%, Reprimo: sensitivity = 82.0% and specificity = 89.0%). Our findings indicate that promoter methylation of the RUNX3, RASSF1A and Reprimo genes could be powerful and potential noninvasive biomarkers for the detection and diagnosis of GC in blood samples in clinical practices, especially Reprimo gene. Further well-designed (multi-center) and prospective clinical studies with large populations are needed to confirm these findings in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuo Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo No.1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kefeng Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is a deadly malignancy afflicting close to a million people worldwide. Patient survival is poor and largely due to late diagnosis and suboptimal therapies. Disease heterogeneity is a substantial obstacle, underscoring the need for precision treatment strategies. Studies have identified different subgroups of gastric cancer displaying not just genetic, but also distinct epigenetic hallmarks. Accumulating evidence suggests that epigenetic abnormalities in gastric cancer are not mere bystander events, but rather promote carcinogenesis through active mechanisms. Epigenetic aberrations, induced by pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, are an early component of gastric carcinogenesis, probably preceding genetic abnormalities. This Review summarizes our current understanding of the gastric cancer epigenome, highlighting key advances in recent years in both tumours and pre-malignant lesions, made possible through targeted and genome-wide technologies. We focus on studies related to DNA methylation and histone modifications, linking these findings to potential therapeutic opportunities. Lessons learned from the gastric cancer epigenome might also prove relevant for other gastrointestinal cancers.
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Howell JA, Khan SA, Knapp S, Thursz MR, Sharma R. The clinical role of circulating free tumor DNA in gastrointestinal malignancy. Transl Res 2017; 183:137-154. [PMID: 28056336 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is DNA released from necrotic or apoptotic cells into the bloodstream. While both healthy cells and cancer cells release cfDNA, tumors are associated with higher levels of tumor-derived circulating cell-free DNA (ctDNA) detectable in blood. Absolute levels of ctDNA and its genetic mutations and epigenetic changes show promise as potentially useful biomarkers of tumor biology, progression, and response to therapy. Moreover, studies have demonstrated the discriminative accuracy of ctDNA levels for diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancer compared with benign inflammatory diseases. Therefore, ctDNA detected in blood offers a minimally invasive and easily repeated "liquid biopsy" of cancer, facilitating real-time dynamic analysis of tumor behavior that could revolutionize both clinical and research practices in oncology. In this review, we provide a critical summary of the evidence for the utility of ctDNA as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in gastrointestinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Howell
- Department of Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK; Centre for Population Health, MacFarlane-Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Shahid A Khan
- Department of Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Susanne Knapp
- Department of Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Department of Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Rohini Sharma
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
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Promoter Hypermethylation Analysis of the Tumor Suppressor Genes RASSF1A and RASSF2A in Iranian Endometrial Carcinoma Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.8629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bhat AA, Wani HA, Waza AA, Malik RA, Masood A, Jeelani S, Kadla S, Majid S. Diminished expression of MGMT & RASSF1A genes in gastric cancer in ethnic population of Kashmir. J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 7:989-995. [PMID: 28078123 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2016.06.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer initiation and progression are accompanied by profound changes in DNA. DNA methylation that was the first epigenetic alterations identified in cancer. DNA hypermethylation at promoter sites is closely associated with down regulation of protein and as major participant in the development and progression of series of human tumors. Therefore we hypothesized that promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1A & MGMT gene could influence susceptibility to gastric cancer (GC) as well, and we conducted this study to test the hypothesis in Kashmiri population. METHODS A hospital based case-control study; including 200 GC cases and 200 matched controls from patients who went surgical resection. Promoter hypermethylation was determined by Methylation Specific Polymerase chain reaction. The expression of MGMT & RASSF1A protein was examined by Western blotting technique. RESULTS Frequency of promoter region hypermethylation of MGMT gene were 46.5% in cases and 5.5% in controls (P<0.05) while as in case of RASSF1A frequency was 44% in cases and 4.5% in controls (P<0.05). Further, frequency of hypermethylation of both genes was found predominant in males, aged and advanced pathological stage subjects. Loss of MGMT expression was found in 46.5% cases (P<0.05) while as loss of RASSF1A expression was found in 40.5% cases (P<0.05). In both genes a positive correlation was observed between promoter CpG island hypermethylation and down regulation of respective proteins. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that promoter hypermethylation at CpG island may be responsible for reduction of expression at protein level which may be an initial event in carcinogenesis and the progression of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Akbar Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College Srinagar (Research Centre University of Kashmir), Srinagar, India
| | - Hilal Ahmad Wani
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Government Medical College Srinagar, Srinagar, India
| | - Ajaz Ahmad Waza
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, India
| | | | - Akbar Masood
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Srinagar, India
| | | | | | - Sabhiya Majid
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College Srinagar (Research Centre University of Kashmir), Srinagar, India
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Pimson C, Ekalaksananan T, Pientong C, Promthet S, Putthanachote N, Suwanrungruang K, Wiangnon S. Aberrant methylation of PCDH10 and RASSF1A genes in blood samples for non-invasive diagnosis and prognostic assessment of gastric cancer. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2112. [PMID: 27330867 PMCID: PMC4906662 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Assessment of DNA methylation of specific genes is one approach to the diagnosis of cancer worldwide. Early stage detection is necessary to reduce the mortality rate of cancers, including those occurring in the stomach. For this purpose, tumor cells in circulating blood offer promising candidates for non-invasive diagnosis. Transcriptional inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, like PCDH10 and RASSF1A, by methylation is associated with progression of gastric cancer, and such methylation can therefore be utilized as a biomarker. Methods. The present research was conducted to evaluate DNA methylation in these two genes using blood samples of gastric cancer cases. Clinicopathological data were also analyzed and cumulative survival rates generated for comparison. Results. High frequencies of PCDH10 and RASSF1A methylations in the gastric cancer group were noted (94.1% and 83.2%, respectively, as compared to 2.97% and 5.45% in 202 matched controls). Most patients (53.4%) were in severe stage of the disease, with a median survival time of 8.4 months after diagnosis. Likewise, the patients with metastases, or RASSF1A and PCDH10 methylations, had median survival times of 7.3, 7.8, and 8.4 months, respectively. A Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that cumulative survival was significantly lower in those cases positive for methylation of RASSF1A than in their negative counterparts. Similarly, whereas almost 100% of patients positive for PCDH10 methylation had died after five years, none of the negative cases died over this period. Notably, the methylations of RASSF1A and PCDH10 were found to be higher in the late-stage patients and were also significantly correlated with metastasis and histology. Conclusions.PCDH10 and RASSF1A methylations in blood samples can serve as potential non-invasive diagnostic indicators in blood for gastric cancer. In addition to RASSF1A methylation, tumor stage proved to be a major prognostic factor in terms of survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charinya Pimson
- Biomedical Science Programme, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Tipaya Ekalaksananan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University,Khon Kaen,Thailand; HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University,Khon Kaen,Thailand
| | - Chamsai Pientong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University,Khon Kaen,Thailand; HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University,Khon Kaen,Thailand
| | - Supannee Promthet
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nuntiput Putthanachote
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Krittika Suwanrungruang
- Cancer Unit, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Surapon Wiangnon
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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29
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Rasmussen SL, Krarup HB, Sunesen KG, Pedersen IS, Madsen PH, Thorlacius-Ussing O. Hypermethylated DNA as a biomarker for colorectal cancer: a systematic review. Colorectal Dis 2016; 18:549-61. [PMID: 26998585 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Improved methods for early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) are essential for increasing survival. Hypermethylated DNA in blood or stool has been proposed as a biomarker for CRC. Biochemical methods have improved in recent years, and several hypermethylated genes that are sensitive and specific for CRC have been proposed. Articles describing the use of hypermethylated promoter regions in blood or stool as biomarkers for CRC were systematically reviewed. METHOD A systematic literature search was performed using the Medline, Web of Science and Embase databases. Studies were included if they analysed hypermethylated genes from stool or blood samples in correlation with CRC. Studies in languages other than English and those based on animal models or cell lines were excluded. RESULTS The literature search yielded 74 articles, including 43 addressing blood samples and 31 addressing stool samples. In blood samples, hypermethylated ALX4, FBN2, HLTF, P16, TMEFF1 and VIM were associated with poor prognosis, hypermethylated APC, NEUROG1, RASSF1A, RASSF2A, SDC2, SEPT9, TAC1 and THBD were detected in early stage CRC and hypermethylated P16 and TFPI2 were associated with CRC recurrence. In stool samples, hypermethylated BMP3, PHACTR3, SFRP2, SPG20, TFPI2 and TMEFF2 were associated with early stage CRC. CONCLUSION Hypermethylation of the promoters of specific genes measured in blood or stool samples could be used as a CRC biomarker and provide prognostic information. The majority of studies, however, include only a few patients with poorly defined control groups. Further studies are therefore needed before hypermethylated DNA can be widely applied as a clinical biomarker for CRC detection and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Rasmussen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - H B Krarup
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - K G Sunesen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - I S Pedersen
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - P H Madsen
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - O Thorlacius-Ussing
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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30
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Li B, Gan A, Chen X, Wang X, He W, Zhang X, Huang R, Zhou S, Song X, Xu A. Diagnostic Performance of DNA Hypermethylation Markers in Peripheral Blood for the Detection of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155095. [PMID: 27158984 PMCID: PMC4861294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA hypermethylation in blood is becoming an attractive candidate marker for colorectal cancer (CRC) detection. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of blood hypermethylation markers for CRC in different clinical settings, we conducted a meta-analysis of published reports. Of 485 publications obtained in the initial literature search, 39 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Hypermethylation markers in peripheral blood showed a high degree of accuracy for the detection of CRC. The summary sensitivity was 0.62 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.56-0.67] and specificity was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.89-0.93). Subgroup analysis showed significantly greater sensitivity for the methylated Septin 9 gene (SEPT9) subgroup (0.75; 95% CI, 0.67-0.81) than for the non-methylated SEPT9 subgroup (0.58; 95% CI, 0.52-0.64). Sensitivity and specificity were not affected significantly by target gene number, CRC staging, study region, or methylation analysis method. These findings show that hypermethylation markers in blood are highly sensitive and specific for CRC detection, with methylated SEPT9 being particularly robust. The diagnostic performance of hypermethylation markers, which have varied across different studies, can be improved by marker optimization. Future research should examine variation in diagnostic accuracy according to non-neoplastic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsheng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516003, China
| | - Aihua Gan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516003, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan provincial people’s Hospital, Haikuo, 570100, China
| | - Xinying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Weifeng He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516003, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516003, China
| | - Renxiang Huang
- Huizhou Medicine Institute, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516003, China
| | - Shuzhu Zhou
- Huizhou Medicine Institute, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516003, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Song
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Angao Xu
- Huizhou Medicine Institute, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516003, China
- * E-mail:
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31
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Xue WJ, Feng Y, Wang F, Li P, Liu YF, Guo YB, Wang ZW, Mao QS. The value of serum RASSF10 hypermethylation as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11249-57. [PMID: 26945573 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor-suppressing role of Ras-association domain family 10 (RASSF10) has been described in several types of cancers. Here, we evaluated the potential use of the hypermethylation status of the RASSF10 promoter in serum as a new diagnostic and prognostic tool in gastric cancer (GC). We used bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction to examine RASSF10 methylation levels in serum and/or tumor samples from 82 GC, 45 chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), and 50 healthy control patients. In the serum of GC patients, the median level of RASSF10 methylation was higher at 47.84 % than those in the serum of CAG and healthy control patients at 11.89 and 11.35 %, respectively. The median level of RASSF10 methylation in GC tumor tissue was similarly high at 62.70 %. Furthermore, RASSF10 methylation levels were highly correlated between paired serum and tumor samples from GC patients. We performed receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses to verify that serum RASSF10 methylation levels could effectively distinguish GC from control patients. Moreover, multivariate analyses showed that high serum RASSF10 methylation levels in GC patients were associated with large tumors, lymph node metastasis, and high carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels. Survival analyses showed that GC patients with high serum RASSF10 methylation levels had shorter overall and disease-free survival after D2 lymphadenectomy than those with low levels. High serum RASSF10 methylation levels were also an independent predictor of tumor recurrence and GC patient survival. In conclusion, serum RASSF10 promoter methylation levels can serve as a valuable indicator for the diagnosis and prognosis of GC in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Jiang Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Fei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Bing Guo
- Department of Surgical Comprehensive Laboratory, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qin-Sheng Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Salehi R, Atapour N, Vatandoust N, Farahani N, Ahangari F, Salehi AR. Methylation pattern of ALX4 gene promoter as a potential biomarker for blood-based early detection of colorectal cancer. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4:252. [PMID: 26918234 PMCID: PMC4746937 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.170677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To develop a non-invasive screening method for colorectal cancer, we evaluated the methylation of ALX4 gene promoter in serum samples from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and equal number of healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS In serum samples from 25 patients with colorectal cancer and 25 healthy control subjects, isolated serum free-floating DNA was treated with sodium bisulfite and analyzed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) with primers specific for methylated or unmethylated promoter CpG island sequences of the ALX4 gene. RESULTS Methylation of the ALX4 gene promoter was present in the serum DNA of patients with adenoma and colorectal cancer. A sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 88% were achieved in the detection of promoter methylation in colorectal neoplasia samples. The difference in methylation status of the ALX4 promoter between the patients with colorectal neoplasia and the control group was statistically highly significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that this serum free DNA test of methylation of the ALX4 gene promoter is a sensitive and specific method. Therefore in combination with other useful markers it seems ALX4 has the potential of a clinically useful test for the early detection of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Norollah Atapour
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasimeh Vatandoust
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Najmeh Farahani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahangari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Hudler P. Challenges of deciphering gastric cancer heterogeneity. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:10510-10527. [PMID: 26457012 PMCID: PMC4588074 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i37.10510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is in decline in most developed countries; however, it still accounts for a notable fraction of global mortality and morbidity related to cancer. High-throughput methods are rapidly changing our view and understanding of the molecular basis of gastric carcinogenesis. Today, it is widely accepted that the molecular complexity and heterogeneity, both inter- and intra-tumour, of gastric adenocarcinomas present significant obstacles in elucidating specific biomarkers for early detection of the disease. Although genome-wide sequencing and gene expression studies have revealed the intricate nature of the molecular changes that occur in tumour landscapes, the collected data and results are complex and sometimes contradictory. Several aberrant molecules have already been tested in clinical trials, although their diagnostic and prognostic utilities have not been confirmed thus far. The gold standard for the detection of sporadic gastric cancer is still the gastric endoscopy, which is considered invasive. In addition, genome-wide association studies have confirmed that genetic variations are important contributors to increased cancer risk and could participate in the initiation of malignant transformation. This hypothesis could in part explain the late onset of sporadic gastric cancers. The elaborate interplay of polymorphic low penetrance genes and lifestyle and environmental risk factors requires additional research to decipher their relative impacts on tumorigenesis. The purpose of this article is to present details of the molecular heterogeneity of sporadic gastric cancers at the DNA, RNA, and proteome levels and to discuss issues relevant to the translation of basic research data to clinically valuable tools. The focus of this work is the identification of relevant molecular changes that could be detected non-invasively.
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Balgkouranidou I, Matthaios D, Karayiannakis A, Bolanaki H, Michailidis P, Xenidis N, Amarantidis K, Chelis L, Trypsianis G, Chatzaki E, Lianidou ES, Kakolyris S. Prognostic role of APC and RASSF1A promoter methylation status in cell free circulating DNA of operable gastric cancer patients. Mutat Res 2015; 778:46-51. [PMID: 26073472 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastric carcinogenesis is a multistep process including not only genetic mutations but also epigenetic alterations. The best known and more frequent epigenetic alteration is DNA methylation affecting tumor suppressor genes that may be involved in various carcinogenetic pathways. The aim of the present study was to investigate the methylation status of APC promoter 1A and RASSF1A promoter in cell free DNA of operable gastric cancer patients. Using methylation specific PCR, we examined the methylation status of APC promoter 1A and RASSF1A promoter in 73 blood samples obtained from patients with gastric cancer. APC and RASSF1A promoters were found to be methylated in 61 (83.6%) and 50 (68.5%) of the 73 gastric cancer samples examined, but in none of the healthy control samples (p < 0.001). A significant association between methylated RASSF1A promoter status and lymph node positivity was observed (p = 0.005). Additionally, a significant correlation between a methylated APC promoter and elevated CEA (p = 0.033) as well as CA-19.9 (p = 0.032) levels, was noticed. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival, significantly favored patients with a non-methylated APC promoter status (p = 0.008). No other significant correlations between APC and RASSF1A methylation status and different tumor variables examined was observed. Serum RASSF1A and APC promoter hypermethylation is a frequent epigenetic event in patients with early operable gastric cancer. The observed correlations between APC promoter methylation status and survival as well as between a hypermethylated RASSF1A promoter and nodal positivity may be indicative of a prognostic role for those genes in early operable gastric cancer. Additional studies, in a larger cohort of patients are required to further explore whether these findings could serve as potential molecular biomarkers of survival and/or response to specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Balgkouranidou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece.
| | - D Matthaios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
| | - A Karayiannakis
- Second Department of Surgery, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
| | - H Bolanaki
- Second Department of Surgery, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
| | - P Michailidis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
| | - N Xenidis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
| | - K Amarantidis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
| | - L Chelis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
| | - G Trypsianis
- Laboratory of Statistics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
| | - E Chatzaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
| | - E S Lianidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Greece
| | - S Kakolyris
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
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Li Y, Liang J, Hou P. Hypermethylation in gastric cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 448:124-32. [PMID: 26148722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although gastric cancer (GC) is highly prevalent in China and is a leading cause of cancer-related death, major advances in early diagnostic and effective therapeutic strategies have not been made. GC patients are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and the prognosis is still poor. Over the years, many efforts have been done on exploring the pathology of GC. In particular, genome-wide analysis tools have been widely used in the detection of genetic and epigenetic alterations in GC. For example, many tumor suppressor genes have been found to be aberrantly hypermethylated in GCs, and some even in gastric precancerous lesions, suggesting a role of this molecular event in early gastric tumorigenesis. In addition, accumulating evidences have demonstrated that some hypermethylated genes can be used as potential biomarkers for detection and diagnosis of GC in biopsy specimens and non-invasive body fluids. These exciting advances provide unprecedented opportunities for the development of molecular-based novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies for GC. Here, we reviewed recent findings on the promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes in GC and aimed to provide better understanding of the contribution of this epigenetic event to gastric tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Junrong Liang
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China.
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Liu C, Li N, Lu H, Wang Z, Chen C, Wu L, Liu J, Lu Y, Wang F. Circulating SFRP1 promoter methylation status in gastric adenocarcinoma and esophageal square cell carcinoma. Biomed Rep 2014; 3:123-127. [PMID: 25469261 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) gene plays an important role in carcinogenesis of digestive system cancer. Previous studies proved that circulating DNA promoter methylation may be a suitable biomarker for cancer patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the promoter methylation status of serum SFRP1 is a potential biomarker for gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) and esophageal square cell carcinoma (ESCC). The blood samples obtained from 42 GAC and 36 ESCC patients were detected for the promoter methylation status of SFRP1 by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. The control group included 42 benign gastrointestinal disease volunteers (24 benign gastric disease and 18 benign esophageal disease) and 20 healthy volunteers. Serum SFRP1 methylation was evident in 30.95% (13/42) GAC patients and 38.89% (14/36) ESCC patients, which is clearly higher compared to 8.33% (2/24) in benign gastric disease, 11.11% (2/18) in benign esophageal disease and 5% (1/20) in healthy volunteers (P<0.05). The association between the serum SFRP1 promoter methylation status and the clinical pathological features were further analyzed and methylation of the SFRP1 gene was significantly associated with age >60 years in GAC patients (P=0.027). However, no correlations between the SFRP1 methylation status and other clinicopathological parameters were found. In conclusion, the SFRP1 promoter was detected frequently in the serum of GAC and ESCC patients. The detection of circulating methylated SFRP1 in the serum may be a useful biomarker for upper gastrointestinal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Heng Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Zhengkai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jiong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Youke Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Fangyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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Nakamura J, Tanaka T, Kitajima Y, Noshiro H, Miyazaki K. Methylation-mediated gene silencing as biomarkers of gastric cancer: A review. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:11991-12006. [PMID: 25232236 PMCID: PMC4161787 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i34.11991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a decline in the overall incidence of gastric cancer (GC), the disease remains the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide and is thus a significant global health problem. The best means of improving the survival of GC patients is to screen for and treat early lesions. However, GC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and is associated with a poor prognosis. Current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have not been successful in decreasing the global burden of the disease; therefore, the identification of reliable biomarkers for an early diagnosis, predictive markers of recurrence and survival and markers of drug sensitivity and/or resistance is urgently needed. The initiation and progression of GC depends not only on genetic alterations but also epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation and histone modification. Aberrant DNA methylation is the most well-defined epigenetic change in human cancers and is associated with inappropriate gene silencing. Therefore, an increasing number of genes methylated at the promoter region have been targeted as possible biomarkers for different purposes, including early detection, classification, the assessment of the tumor prognosis, the development of therapeutic strategies and patient follow-up. This review article summarizes the current understanding and recent evidence regarding DNA methylation markers in GC with a focus on the clinical potential of these markers.
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Verma S, Kesh K, Ganguly N, Jana S, Swarnakar S. Matrix metalloproteinases and gastrointestinal cancers: Impacts of dietary antioxidants. World J Biol Chem 2014; 5:355-376. [PMID: 25225603 PMCID: PMC4160529 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v5.i3.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of carcinogenesis is tightly regulated by antioxidant enzymes and matrix degrading enzymes, namely, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins like collagen, proteoglycan, laminin, elastin and fibronectin is considered to be the prerequisite for tumor invasion and metastasis. MMPs can degrade essentially all of the ECM components and, most MMPs also substantially contribute to angiogenesis, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Hence, MMPs are important regulators of tumor growth both at the primary site and in distant metastases; thus the enzymes are considered as important targets for cancer therapy. The implications of MMPs in cancers are no longer mysterious; however, the mechanism of action is yet to be explained. Herein, our major interest is to clarify how MMPs are tied up with gastrointestinal cancers. Gastrointestinal cancer is a variety of cancer types, including the cancers of gastrointestinal tract and organs, i.e., esophagus, stomach, biliary system, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus. The activity of MMPs is regulated by its endogenous inhibitor tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) which bind MMPs with a 1:1 stoichiometry. In addition, RECK (reversion including cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs) is a membrane bound glycoprotein that inhibits MMP-2, -9 and -14. Moreover, α2-macroglobulin mediates the uptake of several MMPs thereby inhibit their activity. Cancerous conditions increase intrinsic reactive oxygen species (ROS) through mitochondrial dysfunction leading to altered protease/anti-protease balance. ROS, an index of oxidative stress is also involved in tumorigenesis by activation of different MAP kinase pathways including MMP induction. Oxidative stress is involved in cancer by changing the activity and expression of regulatory proteins especially MMPs. Epidemiological studies have shown that high intake of fruits that rich in antioxidants is associated with a lower cancer incidence. Evidence indicates that some antioxidants inhibit the growth of malignant cells by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the activity of MMPs. This review is discussed in six subchapters, as follows.
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Toiyama Y, Okugawa Y, Goel A. DNA methylation and microRNA biomarkers for noninvasive detection of gastric and colorectal cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 455:43-57. [PMID: 25128828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer initiation and progression is controlled by both genetic and epigenetic events. Epigenetics refers to the study of mechanisms that alter gene expression without permanently altering the DNA sequence. Epigenetic alterations are reversible and heritable, and include changes in histone modifications, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNA-mediated gene silencing. Disruption of epigenetic processes can lead to altered gene function and malignant cellular transformation. Aberrant epigenetic modifications occur at the earliest stages of neoplastic transformation and are now believed to be essential players in cancer initiation and progression. Recent advances in epigenetics have not only offered a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanism(s) of carcinogenesis, but have also allowed identification of clinically relevant putative biomarkers for the early detection, disease monitoring, prognosis and risk assessment of cancer patients. At this moment, DNA methylation and non-coding RNA including with microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent the largest body of available literature on epigenetic biomarkers with the highest potential for cancer diagnosis. Following identification of cell-free nucleic acids in systematic circulation, increasing evidence has demonstrated the potential of cell-free epigenetic biomarkers in the blood or other body fluids for cancer detection. In this article, we summarize the current state of knowledge on epigenetic biomarkers - primarily DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs - as potential substrates for cancer detection in gastric and colorectal cancer, the two most frequent cancers within the gastrointestinal tract. We also discuss the obstacles that have limited the routine use of epigenetic biomarkers in the clinical settings and provide our perspective on approaches that might help overcome these hurdles, so that these biomarkers can be readily developed for clinical management of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Toiyama
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, 3500 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA; Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, 3500 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA; Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Ajay Goel
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, 3500 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
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Abstract
DNA methylation is a significant regulator of gene expression, and its role in carcinogenesis recently has been a subject of remarkable interest. The aim of this review is to analyze the mechanism and cell regulatory effects of both hypo- and hyper-DNA methylation on cancer. In this review, we report new developments and their implications regarding the effects of DNA methylation on cancer development. Indeed, alteration of the pattern of DNA methylation has been a constant finding in cancer cells of the same type and differences in the pattern of DNA methylation not only occur in a variety of tumor types, but also in developmental processes Furthermore, the pattern of histone modification appears to be a predicator of the risk of recurrence of human cancers. It is well known that hypermethylation represses transcription of the promoter sections of tumor-suppressor genes leading to gene silencing. However, hypomethylation also has been identified as a cause of oncogenesis. Furthermore, experiments concerning the mechanism of methylation and its control have led to the discovery of many regulatory enzymes and proteins. This review reports on methods developed for the detection of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine methylation at the 5-methylcytosine of protein domains in the CpG context compared to non-methylated DNA, histone modification, and microRNA change.
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Association of RASSF1A promoter methylation with gastric cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:943-8. [PMID: 23982879 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras-association domain family 1A (RASSF1A), a candidate tumor suppressor gene, is frequently silenced and inactivated by hypermethylation of its promoter region in several human tumors. However, the association between RASSF1A promoter methylation and gastric cancer risk remains conflicting. The aim of this study was to assess the association of RASSF1A promoter methylation with gastric cancer risk by a comprehensive meta-analysis. Relevant studies were identified by searches of PubMed and Web of Science databases with no restrictions. Combined odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the strength of the association between RASSF1A promoter methylation and gastric cancer risk. A chi-square-based Q test and sensitivity analyses were performed to test the between-study heterogeneity and the contributions of single studies to the final results, respectively. Funnel plots were carried out to evaluate publication bias. Overall, a significant association was observed between RASSF1A promoter methylation and gastric cancer risk (OR, 12.67; 95 % CI, 8.12-19.78; p < 0.001) with no between-study heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses further revealed that gastric cancer risk was increased for individuals carrying the methylated RASSF1A compared with those with unmethylated RASSF1A. In addition, no publication bias was detected in the overall and subgroup analyses. This study identified a strong association between RASSF1A promoter methylation and risk of gastric cancer and highlighted a promising potential for RASSF1A promoter methylation in gastric cancer risk prediction.
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Tänzer M, Liebl M, Quante M. Molecular biomarkers in esophageal, gastric, and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 140:133-47. [PMID: 23791941 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancers of the esophagus, stomach and colon contribute to a major health burden worldwide and over 20% of all cancer deaths. Biomarkers that should indicate pathogenic process and are measureable in an objective manner for these tumors are rare and not established in the clinical setting. In general biomarkers can be very useful for cancer management as they can improve clinical decision-making regarding diagnosis, surveillance, and therapy. Biomarkers can be different types of molecular entities (such as DNA, RNA or proteins), which can be detected, in different tissues or body fluids. However, more important is the type of biomarker itself, which allows diagnostic, prognostic or predictive analyses for different clinical problems. This review aims to systematically summarize the recent findings of genetic and epigenetic markers for gastrointestinal tumors within the last decade. While many biomarkers seem to be very promising, especially if used as panels, further development is urgently needed to address practical considerations of biomarkers in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Tänzer
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany
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Qu Y, Dang S, Hou P. Gene methylation in gastric cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 424:53-65. [PMID: 23669186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies and remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Over 70% of new cases and deaths occur in developing countries. In the early years of the molecular biology revolution, cancer research mainly focuses on genetic alterations, including gastric cancer. Epigenetic mechanisms are essential for normal development and maintenance of tissue-specific gene expression patterns in mammals. Disruption of epigenetic processes can lead to altered gene function and malignant cellular transformation. Recent advancements in the rapidly evolving field of cancer epigenetics have shown extensive reprogramming of every component of the epigenetic machinery in cancer, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, noncoding RNAs, and microRNAs. Aberrant DNA methylation in the promoter regions of gene, which leads to inactivation of tumor suppressor and other cancer-related genes in cancer cells, is the most well-defined epigenetic hallmark in gastric cancer. The advantages of gene methylation as a target for detection and diagnosis of cancer in biopsy specimens and non-invasive body fluids such as serum and gastric washes have led to many studies of application in gastric cancer. This review focuses on the most common and important phenomenon of epigenetics, DNA methylation, in gastric cancer and illustrates the impact epigenetics has had on this field.
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Key Words
- 5-hmC
- 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
- 5-mC
- 5-methylcytosine
- ADAM metallopeptidase domain 23
- ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 9
- ADAM23
- ADAMTS9
- AML
- APC
- ARID1A
- AT motif-binding factor 1
- AT rich interactive domain 1A (SWI-like)
- ATBF1
- Acute myelocytic leukemia
- Adenomatosis polyposis coli
- B-cell translocation gene 4
- BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa interacting protein 3
- BMP-2
- BNIP3
- BS
- BTG4
- Biomarkers
- Bisulfite sequencing
- Bone morphogenetic protein 2
- C-MET
- CACNA1G
- CACNA2D3
- CD44
- CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)
- CDH1
- CDK4
- CDK6
- CDKN1C
- CDKN2A
- CDX2
- CGI
- CHD5
- CHFR
- CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 3
- CMTM3
- CNS
- CRBP1
- Cadherin 1 or E-cadherin
- Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1G subunit
- Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 2/delta subunit 3
- Caudal type homeobox 2
- Central nervous system
- Checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger domains, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase
- Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 5
- Chromosome 2 open reading frame 40
- Clinical outcomes
- CpG islands
- Cyclin-dependent kinase 4
- Cyclin-dependent kinase 6
- Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A
- Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B
- Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C
- Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A
- Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B
- DAB2 interacting protein
- DACT1
- DAPK
- DNA
- DNA methylatransferases
- DNA mismatch repair
- DNMT
- Dapper, antagonist of beta-catenin, homolog 1 (Xenopus laevis)
- Death-associated protein kinase
- Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
- Dickkopf 3 homolog (Xenopus laevis)
- Dkk-3
- EBV
- ECRG4
- EDNRB
- EGCG
- ERBB4
- Endothelin receptor type B
- Epigallocatechin gallate
- Epigenetics
- Epstein–Barr Virus
- FDA
- FLNc
- Filamin C
- Food and Drug Administration
- GC
- GDNF
- GI endoscopy
- GPX3
- GRIK2
- GSTP1
- Gastric cancer
- Gene methylation
- Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 2
- Glutathione S-transferase pi 1
- Glutathione peroxidase 3 (plasma)
- H. pylori
- HACE1
- HAI-2/SPINT2
- HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1
- HGFA
- HLTF
- HOXA1
- HOXA10
- HRAS-like suppressor
- HRASLS
- Helicase-like transcription factor
- Helicobacter pylori
- Homeobox A1
- Homeobox A10
- Homeobox D10
- HoxD10
- IGF-1
- IGF-1R
- IGFBP3
- IL-1β
- ITGA4
- Insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C)
- Insulin-like growth factor I receptor
- Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3
- Integrin, alpha 4 (antigen CD49D, alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4 receptor)
- Interleukin 1, beta
- KL
- KRAS
- Klotho
- LL3
- LMP2A
- LOX
- LRP1B
- Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B
- Lysyl oxidase
- MAPK
- MBPs
- MDS
- MGMT
- MINT25
- MLF1
- MLL
- MMR
- MSI
- MSP
- Matrix metallopeptidase 24 (membrane-inserted)
- Met proto-oncogene (hepatocyte growth factor receptor)
- Methyl-CpG binding proteins
- Methylation-specific PCR
- Microsatellite instability
- Myeloid leukemia factor 1
- Myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia (trithorax homolog, Drosophila)
- Myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia 3
- NDRG family member 2
- NDRG2
- NPR1
- NR3C1
- Natriuretic peptide receptor A/guanylate cyclase A
- Notch 1
- Nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (glucocorticoid receptor)
- O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase
- PCDH10
- PCDH17
- PI3K/Akt
- PIK3CA
- PR domain containing 5
- PRDM5
- PTCH1
- Patched 1
- Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1
- Protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6
- Protocadherin 10
- Protocadherin 17
- Q-MSP
- Quantitative methylation-specific PCR
- RAR-related orphan receptor A
- RARRES1
- RARß
- RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK
- RASSF1A
- RASSF2
- RBP1
- RKIP
- RORA
- ROS
- RUNX3
- Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 1
- Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 2
- Rb
- Retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced) 1
- Retinoic acid receptor, beta
- Retinol binding protein 1, cellular
- Runt-related transcription factor 3
- S-adenosylmethionine
- SAM
- SFRP2
- SFRP5
- SHP1
- SOCS-1
- STAT3
- SYK
- Secreted frizzled-related protein 2
- Secreted frizzled-related protein 5
- Serine peptidase inhibitor, Kunitz type, 2
- Spleen tyrosine kinase
- Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1
- TCF4
- TET
- TFPI2
- TGF-β
- TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3
- TIMP3
- TNM
- TP73
- TSP1
- Thrombospondin 1
- Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2
- Transcription factor 4
- Tumor Node Metastasis
- Tumor protein p73
- V-erb-a erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 4
- ZFP82 zinc finger protein
- ZIC1
- ZNF545
- Zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 1
- gastrointestinal endoscopy
- glial cell derived neurotrophic factor
- hDAB2IP
- hMLH1
- hepatocyte growth factor activator
- latent membrane protein
- mutL homolog 1
- myelodysplastic syndromes
- p15
- p16
- p21
- p27
- p53
- p73
- phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha
- phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt
- reactive oxygen species
- retinoblastoma
- signal transducer and activator of transcription-3
- ten-eleven translocation
- transforming growth factor-β
- tumor protein p53
- tumor protein p73
- v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Qu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
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Detection and Clinical Significance of DLC1 Gene Methylation in Serum DNA from Colorectal Cancer Patients. Chin J Cancer Res 2013; 23:283-7. [PMID: 23359753 DOI: 10.1007/s11670-011-0283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) is a new candidate tumor suppressor gene, whose down-regulation or even silence will result from promoter hypermethylation in various human cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study is toevaluate the diagnostic role of DLC1gene methylationin the serum DNA from CRC patients. METHODS This study enrolled 85 CRC patients and 45 patients with benign colorectal diseases. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was used to determine the promoter methylation status of DLC1 gene in serum DNA. The combination of DLC1 methylation and conventional tumor markers was further analyzed. RESULTS Hypermethylation of DLC1 was detected in 42.4% (36/85) of CRC serums, while seldom in the benign controls(8.9%, 4/45) (P<0.001). The aberrant DLC1 methylation in serum DNA was not associated with patients' clinicopathological features and elevated CEA/CA19-9 levels. Furthermore, the combinational analysis of CEA, CA19-9 and DLC1 methylation showed a higher sensitivity and no reduced diagnostic specificity than CEA and CA19-9 combination for CRC diagnosis. CONCLUSION The serum DLC1 methylation may be a promising biomarker for the early detection of CRC, which will further increase the diagnostic efficiency in combination with CEA and CA19-9.
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Kristensen LS, Raynor MP, Candiloro I, Dobrovic A. Methylation profiling of normal individuals reveals mosaic promoter methylation of cancer-associated genes. Oncotarget 2012; 3:450-61. [PMID: 22570110 PMCID: PMC3380579 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic silencing by promoter methylation of genes associated with cancer initiation and progression is a hallmark of tumour cells. As a consequence, testing for DNA methylation biomarkers in plasma or other body fluids shows great promise for detection of malignancies at early stages and/or for monitoring response to treatment. However, DNA from normal leukocytes may contribute to the DNA in plasma and will affect biomarker specificity if there is any methylation in the leukocytes. DNA from 48 samples of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells was evaluated for the presence of methylation of a panel of DNA methylation biomarkers that have been implicated in cancer. SMART-MSP, a methylation specific PCR (MSP) methodology based on real time PCR amplification, high-resolution melting and strategic primer design, enabled quantitative detection of low levels of methylated DNA. Methylation was observed in all tested mononuclear cell DNA samples for the CDH1 and HIC1 promoters and in majority of DNA samples for the TWIST1 and DAPK1 promoters. APC and RARB promoter methylation, at a lower average level, was also detected in a substantial proportion of DNA samples. We found no BRCA1, CDKN2A, GSTP1 and RASSF1A promoter methylation in this sample set. Several individuals had higher levels of methylation at several loci suggestive of a methylator phenotype. In conclusion, methylation of many potential DNA methylation biomarkers can be detected in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and is likely to affect their specificity for detecting low level disease. However, we found no evidence of promoter methylation for other genes indicating that panels of analytically sensitive and specific methylation biomarkers in body fluids can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Sommer Kristensen
- Molecular Pathology Research and Development Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
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Gigek CO, Chen ES, Calcagno DQ, Wisnieski F, Burbano RR, Smith MAC. Epigenetic mechanisms in gastric cancer. Epigenomics 2012; 4:279-94. [PMID: 22690664 DOI: 10.2217/epi.12.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is considered one of the major health issues worldwide, and gastric cancer accounted for 8% of total cases and 10% of total deaths in 2008. Gastric cancer is considered an age-related disease, and the total number of newly diagnosed cases has been increasing as a result of the higher life expectancy. Therefore, the basic mechanisms underlying gastric tumorigenesis is worth investigation. This review provides an overview of the epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling complex and miRNA, involved in gastric cancer. As the studies in gastric cancer continue, the mapping of an epigenome code is not far for this disease. In conclusion, an epigenetic therapy might appear in the not too distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Oliveira Gigek
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Liu JB, Wu XM, Cai J, Zhang JY, Zhang JL, Zhou SH, Shi MX, Qiang FL. CpG island methylator phenotype and Helicobacter pylori infection associated with gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:5129-34. [PMID: 23049225 PMCID: PMC3460343 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i36.5129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the association between the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) and serum Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) levels for clinical prediction of gastric cancer (GC) progression.
METHODS: We analyzed the serum CIMP status of 75 patients with GC using a methylation marker panel and a methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Serum samples from 40 healthy persons were examined at the same time. The genes examined were APC, WIF-1, RUNX-3, DLC-1, SFRP-1, DKK and E-cad. H. pylori infection in serum was assayed with an anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G antibody test and a rapid urease test.
RESULTS: The frequencies of high-level methylation in GC tissues for the seven genes were: 48% for APC, 57.33% for WIF-1, 56% for RUNX-3, 50.67% for DLC-1, 52% for SFRP-1, 54.67% for DKK, and 48% for E-cad. The frequencies in GC serum were 30.67% for APC, 34.67% for WIF-1, 37.33% for RUNX-3, 29.33% for DLC-1, 33.33% for SFRP-1, 32% for DKK, and 26.67% for E-cad. CIMP+ (defined as ≥ 3 methylated genes) was associated with 47 (62.67%) GC tissue samples and 44 (58.67%) GC serum samples. CIMP+ was not associated with non-neoplastic mucosal tissues or the serum of healthy persons. Of the 75 GC cases, 51 (68%) were H. pylori+, and 24 (32%) were H. pylori-. Of the 51 H. pylori+ cases, 36 were CIMP+ and 15 were CIMP-. In contrast, for the 24 H. pylori- cases, 11 were CIMP+, and 13 were CIMP-. The difference was significant between the H. pylori+ and H. pylori- groups (χ2 = 4.27, P < 0.05). Of the 51 H. pylori+ GC patients, 34 were CIMP+ and 17 were CIMP-, while among the 24 H. pylori- GC cases, 10 were CIMP+ and 14 were CIMP-. The difference was significant between the H. pylori+ and H. pylori- groups (χ2 = 4.21, P < 0.05). A 2-year follow-up showed significant difference in the rates of metastasis and recurrence between H. pylori+/CIMP+ cases and the H. pylori+/CIMP- cases or CIMP- cases associated with H. pylori assayed in serum (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in survival rates between the two groups.
CONCLUSION: H. pylori+/CIMP+ cases are associated with higher rates of metastasis and recurrence than H. pylori+/CIMP- cases. Serum may be useful for examining CIMP status.
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Is serum level of methylated RASSF1A valuable in diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C? Arab J Gastroenterol 2012; 13:111-5. [PMID: 23122451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The detection of the promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1A in serum DNA could be a valuable biomarker for early detection of preneoplastic lesions and early cancer development among high-risk populations who are at a high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, we aimed determining the serum level of methylated RASSF1A sequence in patients with chronic hepatitis C viral infection and to evaluate the predictive value of it as a diagnostic marker for HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis C viral infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS Serum levels of methylated RASSF1A were detected and measured using real-time PCR after digestion with a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme in 40 patients with chronic HCV infection, 40 patients with HCC (on top of HCV) and 20 controls. RESULTS Methylated RASSF1A was detected in 10% of the controls, 62.5% of HCV group and in 90% of HCC group. Chronic HCV patients had insignificantly higher levels than the controls. The levels were significantly higher in patients with HCC compared to the controls (p=0.0001) and chronic HCV patients (p=0.001). By logistic regression analysis, the serum methylated RASSF1A was found to differentiate HCC patients from healthy controls with an AUROC of 0.83nmol/L, and an overall predictive accuracy of 77.5%. It was able to differentiate patients with HCC from those with chronic HCV infection alone with an AUROC of 0.733 and an overall predictive accuracy of 72.5%. CONCLUSION The mean serum levels of methylated RASSF1A could be of value for early diagnosis of HCC especially in high risk patients with HCV infection.
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Li L, Choi JY, Lee KM, Sung H, Park SK, Oze I, Pan KF, You WC, Chen YX, Fang JY, Matsuo K, Kim WH, Yuasa Y, Kang D. DNA methylation in peripheral blood: a potential biomarker for cancer molecular epidemiology. J Epidemiol 2012; 22:384-94. [PMID: 22863985 PMCID: PMC3798632 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20120003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation is associated with cancer development and progression. There are several types of specimens from which DNA methylation pattern can be measured and evaluated as an indicator of disease status (from normal biological process to pathologic condition) and even of pharmacologic response to therapy. Blood-based specimens such as cell-free circulating nucleic acid and DNA extracted from leukocytes in peripheral blood may be a potential source of noninvasive cancer biomarkers. In this article, we describe the characteristics of blood-based DNA methylation from different biological sources, detection methods, and the factors affecting DNA methylation. We provide a comprehensive literature review of blood-based DNA methylation as a cancer biomarker and focus on the study of DNA methylation using peripheral blood leukocytes. Although DNA methylation patterns measured in peripheral blood have great potential to be useful and informative biomarkers of cancer risk and prognosis, large systematic and unbiased prospective studies that consider biological plausibility and data analysis issues will be needed in order to develop a clinically feasible blood-based assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Rusiecki JA, Al-Nabhani M, Tarantini L, Chen L, Baccarelli A, Al-Moundhri MS. Global DNA methylation and tumor suppressor gene promoter methylation and gastric cancer risk in an Omani Arab population. Epigenomics 2012; 3:417-29. [PMID: 22126203 DOI: 10.2217/epi.11.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We carried out a case-control study in an Omani Arab population to investigate the association between gastric cancer and peripheral blood leukocyte DNA methylation in LINE-1 and in the tumor suppressor genes CDH1, p16, TP53 and RUNX3. MATERIALS & METHODS We quantified methylation (%5-mC) in DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes via pyrosequencing. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs using logistic regression. RESULTS We found patterns of global hypomethylation (LINE-1: OR(continuous) = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.42-0.82) and TP53 promoter hypomethylation (OR(continuous) = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.16-0.85) for cases versus controls; p16 promoter region hypomethylation was not statistically significant. Evaluating LINE-1, TP53 and p16 jointly yielded a more pronounced negative association with gastric cancer (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.09-0.66). Age was a significant effect modifier. We found no differences by tumor grade, stage or histology. CONCLUSION We found a pattern of global hypomethylation and promoter region hypomethylation of TP53 and p16 in cases versus controls for this population of Omani Arabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Rusiecki
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biometrics, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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