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Schüler J, Vockerodt M, Salehzadeh N, Becker J, Wilting J. Dual Inhibition of PI3 Kinase and MAP Kinase Signaling Pathways in Intrahepatic Cholangiocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Leads to Proliferation Arrest but Not Apoptosis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7395-7410. [PMID: 39057080 PMCID: PMC11276521 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCA) is the second most common primary liver cancer, with increasing incidence worldwide and inadequate therapeutic options. Intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts have distinctly different embryonic origins and developmental behavior, and accordingly, intra- and extrahepatic CCAs (ICC vs. ECC) are molecularly different. A promising strategy in oncotherapy is targeted therapy, targeting proteins that regulate cell survival and proliferation, such as the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Inhibitors of these pathways have been tested previously in CCA cell lines. However, these cell lines could not be clearly assigned to ICC or ECC, and the results indicated apoptosis induction by targeted therapeutics. We tested targeted therapeutics (selumetinib, MK2206) in three defined ICC cell lines (HuH28, RBE, SSP25). We observed additive effects of the dual inhibition of the two pathways, in accordance with the inhibition of phospho-AKT and phospho-ERK1/2 expression. Proliferation was blocked more effectively with dual inhibition than with each single inhibition, but cell numbers did not drop below baseline. Accordingly, we observed G1 phase arrest but not apoptosis or cell death (measured by cleaved caspase-3, AIFM1 regulation, sub-G0/G1 phase). We conclude that the dual inhibition of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways is highly effective to block the proliferation of ICC cell lines in vitro; however, potential clinical applications must be critically examined, as a proliferation block could also induce resistance to standard therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jörg Wilting
- Institute of Anatomy and Embryology, University Medical Center Goettingen, GAU, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (J.S.); (M.V.); (N.S.); (J.B.)
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Plum PS, Hess T, Bertrand D, Morgenstern I, Velazquez Camacho O, Jonas C, Alidousty C, Wagner B, Roessler S, Albrecht T, Becker J, Richartz V, Holz B, Hoppe S, Poh HM, Chia BKH, Chan CX, Pathiraja T, Teo AS, Marquardt JU, Khng A, Heise M, Fei Y, Thieme R, Klein S, Hong JH, Dima SO, Popescu I, Hoppe-Lotichius M, Buettner R, Lautem A, Otto G, Quaas A, Nagarajan N, Rozen S, Teh BT, Goeppert B, Drebber U, Lang H, Tan P, Gockel I, Schumacher J, Hillmer AM. Integrative genomic analyses of European intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Novel ROS1 fusion gene and PBX1 as prognostic marker. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1723. [PMID: 38877653 PMCID: PMC11178519 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a fatal cancer of the bile duct with a poor prognosis owing to limited therapeutic options. The incidence of intrahepatic CCA (iCCA) is increasing worldwide, and its molecular basis is emerging. Environmental factors may contribute to regional differences in the mutation spectrum of European patients with iCCA, which are underrepresented in systematic genomic and transcriptomic studies of the disease. METHODS We describe an integrated whole-exome sequencing and transcriptomic study of 37 iCCAs patients in Germany. RESULTS We observed as most frequently mutated genes ARID1A (14%), IDH1, BAP1, TP53, KRAS, and ATM in 8% of patients. We identified FGFR2::BICC1 fusions in two tumours, and FGFR2::KCTD1 and TMEM106B::ROS1 as novel fusions with potential therapeutic implications in iCCA and confirmed oncogenic properties of TMEM106B::ROS1 in vitro. Using a data integration framework, we identified PBX1 as a novel central regulatory gene in iCCA. We performed extended screening by targeted sequencing of an additional 40 CCAs. In the joint analysis, IDH1 (13%), BAP1 (10%), TP53 (9%), KRAS (7%), ARID1A (7%), NF1 (5%), and ATM (5%) were the most frequently mutated genes, and we found PBX1 to show copy gain in 20% of the tumours. According to other studies, amplifications of PBX1 tend to occur in European iCCAs in contrast to liver fluke-associated Asian iCCAs. CONCLUSIONS By analyzing an additional European cohort of iCCA patients, we found that PBX1 protein expression was a marker of poor prognosis. Overall, our findings provide insight into key molecular alterations in iCCA, reveal new targetable fusion genes, and suggest that PBX1 is a novel modulator of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Plum
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Timo Hess
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Denis Bertrand
- Computational and Systems Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Isabelle Morgenstern
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oscar Velazquez Camacho
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Jonas
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Alidousty
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Britta Wagner
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg (LCCH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Albrecht
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg (LCCH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Becker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vanessa Richartz
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Barbara Holz
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sascha Hoppe
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Huay Mei Poh
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Burton Kuan Hui Chia
- Computational and Systems Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Xueli Chan
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thushangi Pathiraja
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Audrey Sm Teo
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jens U Marquardt
- I Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexis Khng
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Heise
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Department for General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yao Fei
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - René Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Klein
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jing Han Hong
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Medical Science, Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Simona O Dima
- Center of Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irinel Popescu
- Center of Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Hoppe-Lotichius
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Reinhard Buettner
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Lautem
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerd Otto
- Emeritus of the Division of Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Niranjan Nagarajan
- Computational and Systems Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Steve Rozen
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Goeppert
- RKH Klinikum Ludwigsburg, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Ludwigsburg, Germany
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Uta Drebber
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Patrick Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Axel M Hillmer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Catanzaro E, Gringeri E, Burra P, Gambato M. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Associated Cholangiocarcinoma: From Pathogenesis to Diagnostic and Surveillance Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4947. [PMID: 37894314 PMCID: PMC10604939 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the most common malignancy in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), accounting for 2-8% of cases and being the leading cause of death in these patients. The majority of PSC-associated CCAs (PSC-CCA) develop within the first few years after PSC diagnosis. Older age and male sex, as well as concomitant inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or high-grade biliary stenosis, are some of the most relevant risk factors. A complex combination of molecular mechanisms involving inflammatory pathways, direct cytopathic damage, and epigenetic and genetic alterations are involved in cholangiocytes carcinogenesis. The insidious clinical presentation makes early detection difficult, and the integration of biochemical, radiological, and histological features does not always lead to a definitive diagnosis of PSC-CCA. Surveillance is mandatory, but current guideline strategies failed to improve early detection and consequently a higher patient survival rate. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), gene methylation, proteomic and metabolomic profile, and extracellular vesicle components are some of the novel biomarkers recently applied in PSC-CCA detection with promising results. The integration of these new molecular approaches in PSC diagnosis and monitoring could contribute to new diagnostic and surveillance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Catanzaro
- Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Gringeri
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Burra
- Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Gambato
- Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Myo Oo TZ, Saichua P, Phoksawat W, Sithithaworn P, Mairiang E, Sripa B, Leelayuwat C, Jumnainsong A. Association of MICA Gene Polymorphism in Opisthorchis viverrini-Induced Periductal Fibrosis in Northeastern Thais. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:3213-3219. [PMID: 37774074 PMCID: PMC10762729 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.9.3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) infection is the cause of advanced periductal fibrosis (APF), subsequently leading to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Natural killer (NK) cells can kill hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the initiating cells for fibrosis formation, by using the interaction between the natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) receptor and its ligand on the HSCs. This can inhibit the fibrosis formation. Major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related A (MICA) is the ligand of the NKG2D receptor and has highly polymorphic characteristics that are involved in NKG2D binding and NK cell activation. This study aimed to investigate the polymorphism of MICA in OV-induced fibrosis. METHOD MICA typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction- sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) and sequencing in two groups: OV infection without fibrosis (N = 99) and with fibrosis (N = 290). RESULT Six alleles were identified and the MICA*010 allele had the highest frequency in both groups. The MICA*00201-02 allele was a protective factor for fibrosis (OR= 0.508, 95%CI= 0.34-0.76, Pc <0.05), while the MICA*019 allele was suggested to be a risk allele for fibrosis (OR=1.95, 95%CI=1.25-3.03, Pc<0.005). In addition, two motifs, glycine (G) at position 14 and glutamine (Q) at position 251, were negatively associated with fibrosis (G14: OR=0.508, 95%CI=0.34-0.76, Pc <0.05 and Q251: OR=0.586, 95%CI=0.41-0.84, Pc <0.05). Moreover, the distribution of the MICA-129 genotype also showed the protective genotype (Pc<0.05, OR=0.319, 95%CI= 0.12-0.54) for fibrosis. The MICA*00201-02 allele encoded all these motifs, and this suggested that it might lead to strong NK cell activation to kill HSCs, subsequently preventing fibrosis formation. CONCLUSION This study described initial evidence suggesting that the polymorphism of the MICA gene might be a marker for OV-derived periductal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tay Zar Myo Oo
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Prasert Saichua
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
- Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Wisitsak Phoksawat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Eimorn Mairiang
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
- Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Chanvit Leelayuwat
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Amonrat Jumnainsong
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Mangano VD, Campani D, Cacciato Insilla A, Coco B, Gomez Morales MA, Brunetto M, La Rosa G, Ludovisi A, De Simone P, Bruschi F. An Unexpected Case of Opisthorchis felineus Infection Revealed during Liver Transplantation. Pathogens 2023; 12:1003. [PMID: 37623963 PMCID: PMC10459204 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A man with hepatitis B infection was admitted to Pisa University Hospital for hepatological evaluation, which revealed multiple cystic lesions and suggested a cirrhotic evolution. Treatment with Entecavir 0.5 mg/day was started, resulting in rapid viral load suppression and alanine aminotransferase normalization. After 10 years, imaging documented a single nodule of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and a robot-assisted nodule resection was performed. One year later, HCC recurrence prompted orthotopic liver transplantation, during which the patient died because of the sudden rupture of the donor's organ and rapid multiorgan deterioration before retransplantation. During post-mortem liver examination, adult worms were evidenced within large biliary ducts, suggesting infection with Opisthorchis or Clonorchis spp. flukes. Sequencing of the ITS2 locus, following PCR amplification of DNA extracted from liver tissue, revealed 100% identity with the reference sequence of O. felineus. Infection of the patient with O. felineus was confirmed by the presence of specific IgG detected by ELISA in the patient's sera. Two major alkaline phosphatase serum levels peaks observed during the first two years of antiviral therapy support the hypothesis that O. felineus infection worsened liver function. This case report highlights the importance of a very careful screening of parasitic infections in solid organ transplantation candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina D Mangano
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Daniela Campani
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell’Area Critica, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Unità Operativa di Anatomia Patologica 1, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Cacciato Insilla
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell’Area Critica, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Unità Operativa di Anatomia Patologica 1, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Coco
- Unità Operativa Epatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Maurizia Brunetto
- Unità Operativa Epatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ludovisi
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo De Simone
- Unità Operativa Chirurgia Epatica e Trapianto di Fegato, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bruschi
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Programma Monitoraggio delle Parassitosi, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Grundy-Warr C, Andrews RH, Khuntikeo N, Petney TN. RAW ATTITUDES: Socio-Cultures, Altered Landscapes, and Changing Perceptions of an Underestimated Disease. Recent Results Cancer Res 2023; 219:281-347. [PMID: 37660338 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-35166-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Raw attitudes relate to the food cultures, eating habits, and behaviours of people in relation to the consumption of raw, partially cooked, and fermented freshwater fish dishes, which puts people at risk of Ophistochis viverrini and other parasitic infections. The chapter reviews raw attitudes within the countries and across the borders of the greater Mekong region, particularly northeast Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam, and Cambodia. Rather than treat each nation-state as an isolated epidemiological box, the chapter explores transborder complexity in relation to multiple anthropogenic transformations to the landscapes of the region and developmental impacts upon ecosystems and life cycles. Economic projects such as multiple hydropower dams, irrigation schemes, water-diversions, roads, and aquaculture ponds have significant impacts on FTZ life-cycle dynamics. In addition, many ecological changes are transboundary ones, and there are added complications relating human mobility, altered agrarian landscapes, and significant numbers of migrant workers. The chapter also examines public health programmes and educational interventions which are altering perceptions of O. viverrini and cholangiocarcinoma over time. A key argument is the need for transdisciplinary scientific and social science strategies alongside multi-pronged health interventions, such as 'the CASCAP model'. There exist many unknowns and gaps relating to widespread anthropogenic modifications upon life cycles, upon lifestyles, livelihoods, and human behaviours, which require research projects that span socio-economic, ecological, geographical, and public health dynamics of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Grundy-Warr
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ross H Andrews
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Trevor N Petney
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Departments of Zoology and Paleontology and Evolution, State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe, Erbprinzenstrasse 13, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Rolph KE, Cavanaugh RP. Infectious Causes of Neoplasia in the Domestic Cat. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090467. [PMID: 36136683 PMCID: PMC9506438 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Increasingly, cancers are being linked to infections with viruses, bacteria, and parasites in human medicine. This review summarises the current literature regarding neoplasia occurring in association with infectious diseases in domestic cats. To date, most studies have focused on the role of viruses, especially feline leukaemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus in association with lymphoma, or the role of papillomavirus in cutaneous and oral neoplasms in cats. Recently, there has been a focus on a potential role of mouse mammary tumour virus in feline mammary carcinoma and lymphoma and studies assessing the potential role of gammaherpes virus and hepadnaviruses in feline neoplasia. Additionally, there has been some focus on potential bacterial and parasitic associations with neoplasia; including reports assessing potential associations between Helicobacter species and gastrointestinal neoplasms, and case reports of neoplasia in association with Platynosomum fastosum and Opisthorchis viverrini. Abstract In recent years, growing attention has been paid to the influence/role of infectious diseases in tumour development and progression. Investigations have demonstrated that some infectious organisms can have a direct role in the development of neoplasia, whereas others can predispose to neoplasia by alterations in the immune response, or by creating a pro-inflammatory environment. Feline leukaemia virus was one of the first infectious agents recognised as an oncogenic organism, and along with feline immunodeficiency virus has received the most attention. Since the discovery of this retrovirus, several other organisms have been associated with neoplastic processes in cats, these include gammaherpes virus, mouse mammary tumour virus, papillomaviruses, hepadnavirus, Helicobacter species, and the parasitic infections Platynosomum fastosum and Opisthorchis viverrini. This review summarises the findings to date.
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Sahu R, Sharma P, Kumar A. An Insight into Cholangiocarcinoma and Recent Advances in its Treatment. J Gastrointest Cancer 2022; 54:213-226. [PMID: 35023010 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant disease of the epithelial cells of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. This review focuses on various aspects of cholangiocarcinoma such as its associated causes, treatment criteria, and more. METHODS Although it remains a rare malignancy and is the second most common primary malignancy of the liver, the incidence is increasing, especially the incidence of intrahepatic CCA. Several studies suggested that surgery is not only solution; recently, reported targeted drugs may have the potential to become an alternative option. RESULTS This review provides an overview of the current scenario of targeted therapies for CCA, which were tabulated with their current status and it also included its associated causes and its treatment criteria. CONCLUSION Because of its rarity and complexity, surgery remains the preferred treatment in resectable patients. Howerver, the studies suggested that the recently reported drugs may have the potential to be an alternative option for the treatment of CCA and related complications. In addition, this review will certainly benefit the community and researcher for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sahu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-II, 201306, Greater Noida, India
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Ustyantsev KV, Vavilova VY, Blinov AG, Berezikov EV. Macrostomum lignano as a model to study the genetics and genomics of parasitic flatworms. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 25:108-116. [PMID: 34901708 PMCID: PMC8629357 DOI: 10.18699/vj21.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are infected by various species of parasitic flatworms. Without
treatment, acute and chronical infections frequently lead to the development of severe pathologies and even death.
Emerging data on a decreasing efficiency of some important anthelmintic compounds and the emergence of resistance to them force the search for alternative drugs. Parasitic flatworms have complex life cycles, are laborious and
expensive in culturing, and have a range of anatomic and physiological adaptations that complicate the application
of standard molecular-biological methods. On the other hand, free-living flatworm species, evolutionarily close to
parasitic flatworms, do not have the abovementioned difficulties, which makes them potential alternative models
to search for and study homologous genes. In this review, we describe the use of the basal free-living flatworm
Macrostomum lignano as such a model. M. lignano has a number of convenient biological and experimental properties, such as fast reproduction, easy and non-expensive laboratory culturing, optical body transparency, obligatory
sexual reproduction, annotated genome and transcriptome assemblies, and the availability of modern molecular
methods, including transgenesis, gene knockdown by RNA interference, and in situ hybridization. All this makes
M. lignano amenable to the most modern approaches of forward and reverse genetics, such as transposon insertional mutagenesis and methods of targeted genome editing by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Due to the availability of
an increasing number of genome and transcriptome assemblies of different parasitic flatworm species, new knowledge generated by studying M. lignano can be easily translated to parasitic flatworms with the help of modern
bioinformatic methods of comparative genomics and transcriptomics. In support of this, we provide the results of
our bioinformatics search and analysis of genes homologous between M. lignano and parasitic flatworms, which
predicts a list of promising gene targets for subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Ustyantsev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V Yu Vavilova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A G Blinov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E V Berezikov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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10
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Djomkam Zune AL, Olwal CO, Tapela K, Owoicho O, Nganyewo NN, Lyko F, Paemka L. Pathogen-Induced Epigenetic Modifications in Cancers: Implications for Prevention, Detection and Treatment of Cancers in Africa. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236051. [PMID: 34885162 PMCID: PMC8656768 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health burden worldwide. Tumor formation is caused by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Many reports have demonstrated a positive correlation between the burden of infectious pathogens and the occurrence of cancers. However, the mechanistic link between pathogens and cancer development remains largely unclear and is subject to active investigations. Apart from somatic mutations that have been widely linked with various cancers, an appreciable body of knowledge points to alterations of host epigenetic patterns as key triggers for cancer development. Several studies have associated various infectious pathogens with epigenetic modifications. It is therefore plausible to assume that pathogens induce carcinogenesis via alteration of normal host epigenetic patterns. Thus, Africa with its disproportionate burden of infectious pathogens is threatened by a dramatic increase in pathogen-mediated cancers. To curb the potential upsurge of such cancers, a better understanding of the role of tropical pathogens in cancer epigenetics could substantially provide resources to improve cancer management among Africans. Therefore, this review discusses cancer epigenetic studies in Africa and the link between tropical pathogens and cancer burden. In addition, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which pathogens induce cancers and the opportunities and challenges of tropical pathogen-induced epigenetic changes for cancer prevention, detection and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lindsey Djomkam Zune
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra LG 54, Ghana; (C.O.O.); (K.T.); (O.O.); (N.N.N.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.D.Z.); (L.P.); Tel.: +233-205652619 (L.P.)
| | - Charles Ochieng’ Olwal
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra LG 54, Ghana; (C.O.O.); (K.T.); (O.O.); (N.N.N.)
| | - Kesego Tapela
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra LG 54, Ghana; (C.O.O.); (K.T.); (O.O.); (N.N.N.)
| | - Oloche Owoicho
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra LG 54, Ghana; (C.O.O.); (K.T.); (O.O.); (N.N.N.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi P.M.B. 102119, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Nora Nghochuzie Nganyewo
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra LG 54, Ghana; (C.O.O.); (K.T.); (O.O.); (N.N.N.)
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul P.O. Box 273, The Gambia
| | - Frank Lyko
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Lily Paemka
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra LG 54, Ghana; (C.O.O.); (K.T.); (O.O.); (N.N.N.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.D.Z.); (L.P.); Tel.: +233-205652619 (L.P.)
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11
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Mathison BA, Sapp SGH. An annotated checklist of the eukaryotic parasites of humans, exclusive of fungi and algae. Zookeys 2021; 1069:1-313. [PMID: 34819766 PMCID: PMC8595220 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1069.67403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The classification of "parasites" in the medical field is a challenging notion, a group which historically has included all eukaryotes exclusive of fungi that invade and derive resources from the human host. Since antiquity, humans have been identifying and documenting parasitic infections, and this collective catalog of parasitic agents has expanded considerably with technology. As our understanding of species boundaries and the use of molecular tools has evolved, so has our concept of the taxonomy of human parasites. Consequently, new species have been recognized while others have been relegated to synonyms. On the other hand, the decline of expertise in classical parasitology and limited curricula have led to a loss of awareness of many rarely encountered species. Here, we provide a comprehensive checklist of all reported eukaryotic organisms (excluding fungi and allied taxa) parasitizing humans resulting in 274 genus-group taxa and 848 species-group taxa. For each species, or genus where indicated, a concise summary of geographic distribution, natural hosts, route of transmission and site within human host, and vectored pathogens are presented. Ubiquitous, human-adapted species as well as very rare, incidental zoonotic organisms are discussed in this annotated checklist. We also provide a list of 79 excluded genera and species that have been previously reported as human parasites but are not believed to be true human parasites or represent misidentifications or taxonomic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaine A. Mathison
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USAInstitute for Clinical and Experimental PathologySalt Lake CityUnited States of America
| | - Sarah G. H. Sapp
- Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USACenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaUnited States of America
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12
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Tissue Pathogens and Cancers: A Review of Commonly Seen Manifestations in Histo- and Cytopathology. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111410. [PMID: 34832566 PMCID: PMC8624235 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue pathogens are commonly encountered in histopathology and cytology practice, where they can present as either benign mimickers of malignancy or true malignancies. The aim of this review is to provide a timely synthesis of our understanding of these tissue pathogens, with an emphasis on pertinent diagnostic conundrums associated with the benign mimickers of malignancy that can be seen with viral infections and those which manifest as granulomas. The oncogenic pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites, are then discussed with relationship to their associated malignancies. Although not exhaustive, the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and histological findings are included, along with a short review of emerging therapies.
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13
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Mapping of population disparities in the cholangiocarcinoma urinary metabolome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21286. [PMID: 34711878 PMCID: PMC8553759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic diversity in urinary metabolomes of different geographical populations has been recognized recently. In this study, urinary metabolic signatures from Western (United Kingdom) and South-East Asian (Thai) cholangiocarcinoma patients were characterized to understand spectral variability due to host carcinogenic processes and/or exogenous differences (nutritional, environmental and pharmaceutical). Urinary liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC–MS) spectral profiles from Thai (healthy = 20 and cholangiocarcinoma = 14) and UK cohorts (healthy = 22 and cholangiocarcinoma = 10) were obtained and modelled using chemometric data analysis. Healthy metabolome disparities between the two distinct populations were primarily related to differences in dietary practices and body composition. Metabolites excreted due to drug treatment were dominant in urine specimens from cholangiocarcinoma patients, particularly in Western individuals. Urine from participants with sporadic (UK) cholangiocarcinoma contained greater levels of a nucleotide metabolite (uridine/pseudouridine). Higher relative concentrations of 7-methylguanine were observed in urine specimens from Thai cholangiocarcinoma patients. The urinary excretion of hippurate and methyladenine (gut microbial-host co-metabolites) showed a similar pattern of lower levels in patients with malignant biliary tumours from both countries. Intrinsic (body weight and body composition) and extrinsic (xenobiotic metabolism) factors were the main causes of disparities between the two populations. Regardless of the underlying aetiology, biological perturbations associated with cholangiocarcinoma urine metabolome signatures appeared to be influenced by gut microbial community metabolism. Dysregulation in nucleotide metabolism was associated with sporadic cholangiocarcinoma, possibly indicating differences in mitochondrial energy production pathways between cholangiocarcinoma tumour subtypes. Mapping population-specific metabolic disparities may aid in interpretation of disease processes and identification of candidate biomarkers.
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Songserm N, Butprom S, Thongchai C, Ruksilp M, Charoenbut P, Woradet S, Souvanaa T, Buonhoseng V, Ali A. Effectiveness of Village Health Volunteer Parallel Program for Proactive Action to Reduce Risk Factors for Cholangiocarcinoma in Two High-Risk Countries in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1724-1733. [PMID: 34323130 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1957949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Thailand and Laos were classified as risk areas for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in a 2017 assessment in the Greater Mekong Subregion. In 2019, the potential of village health volunteers (VHVs) in both risk areas was developed. The VHVs trained in 2014 (VHV-A) were mentors transferring knowledge of CCA prevention to the trainees (known as VHV-B) in a parallel manner. After that, VHV-Bs in each area educated people to change their behavior. Both parties worked in the same direction to reduce risk factors. In 2020, data were collected after the program was organized in the same populations. The people were aged 30-69 years, whose names were in the civil registration, and had lived in that area for at least five years. Afterward, no less than 172 participants from each location were randomly selected. The research tools used were intervention and questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for data analysis. After the experiment, all the experimental group's risk factors were significantly different from those of the control group. This study's outcome was an effective program for proactive action in reducing risk factors in the risk areas. Therefore, it should be applied to reduce risk factors for CCA in other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nopparat Songserm
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Sureerat Butprom
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Comsun Thongchai
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Monthicha Ruksilp
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Pattaraporn Charoenbut
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Somkiattiyos Woradet
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung, Thailand
| | - Timith Souvanaa
- Department of Community Health, Champasak Health Science College, Champasak, Laos
| | - Vanida Buonhoseng
- Department of Disease Control, Champasak Provincial Public Health Office, Champasak, Laos
| | - Akhtar Ali
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
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15
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Hatta MNA, Mohamad Hanif EA, Chin SF, Neoh HM. Pathogens and Carcinogenesis: A Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:533. [PMID: 34203649 PMCID: PMC8232153 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a global health problem associated with genetics and unhealthy lifestyles. Increasingly, pathogenic infections have also been identified as contributors to human cancer initiation and progression. Most pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) associated with human cancers are categorized as Group I human carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC. These pathogens cause carcinogenesis via three known mechanisms: persistent infection that cause inflammation and DNA damage, initiation of oncogene expression, and immunosuppression activity of the host. In this review, we discuss the carcinogenesis mechanism of ten pathogens, their implications, and some future considerations for better management of the disease. The pathogens and cancers described are Helicobacter pylori (gastric cancer), Epstein-Barr virus (gastric cancer and lymphoma), Hepatitis B and C viruses (liver cancer), Aspergillus spp. (liver cancer), Opisthorchis viverrine (bile duct cancer), Clonorchis sinensis (bile duct cancer), Fusobacterium nucleatum (colorectal cancer), Schistosoma haematobium (bladder cancer); Human Papillomavirus (cervical cancer), and Kaposi's Sarcoma Herpes Virus (Kaposi's sarcoma).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hui-min Neoh
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Ya’acob Latiff, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.N.A.H.); (E.A.M.H.); (S.-F.C.)
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16
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Phupiewkham W, Rodpai R, Inthavongsack S, Laymanivong S, Thanchomnang T, Sadaow L, Boonroumkaew P, Sanpool O, Janwan P, Intapan PM, Maleewong W. High prevalence of opisthorchiasis in rural populations from Khammouane Province, central Lao PDR: serological screening using total IgG- and IgG4-based ELISA. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:1403-1409. [PMID: 33882131 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human opisthorchiasis, caused by Opisthorchis viverrini, is a public health problem in Southeast Asia and a major risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma. In Lao PDR, seroprevalence and the relationship between the number of O. viverrini eggs in infected people and specific antibody responses are still unknown. We evaluated and compared parasitological and serological screening methods in the community in an endemic area of opisthorchiasis in Lao PDR. METHODS Seroprevalence of O. viverrini-specific total IgG and IgG4 antibodies and their relationships with O. viverrini egg intensities were evaluated in Khammouane Province, central Lao PDR, using ELISA and a modified formalin ethyl-acetate concentration technique (FECT). RESULTS FECT stool examination revealed O. viverrini eggs in 70.3% (90/128) of individuals (95% CI 61.6 to 78.1%) while ELISA (based on total IgG and on IgG4 antibodies to O. viverrini) found 98.4% (95% CI 94.5 to 99.8%) and 89.8% (95% CI 83.3 to 94.5%) of sera, respectively. There was a positive and significant correlation between numbers of O. viverrini eggs per gram and levels of both IgG (R2=0.168, p<0.001) and IgG4 (R2=0.219, p<0.001) antibodies. CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of human opisthorchiasis in Lao PDR was found using a new platform, serological screening in the community. This points to a need for sustainable control of this liver fluke infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weeraya Phupiewkham
- D epart ment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Chonburi 20110, Thailand
| | - Rutchanee Rodpai
- D epart ment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Somchith Inthavongsack
- Malaria and Helminth Control Center, Thakhek and Health Khammouane Province, Khammouane Province 12000, Lao PDR
| | - Sakhone Laymanivong
- Center of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane Capital 01000, Lao PDR
| | | | - Lakkhana Sadaow
- D epart ment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Patcharaporn Boonroumkaew
- D epart ment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Oranuch Sanpool
- D epart ment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Penchom Janwan
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Pewpan M Intapan
- Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Maleewong
- D epart ment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Excellence in Medical Innovation, and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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17
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Sawanyawisuth K, Sashida G, Sheng G. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Liver Fluke-Induced Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040791. [PMID: 33672838 PMCID: PMC7917655 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Parasitic infection remains a health threat in many countries. Liver flukes, parasitic flatworms endemic to southeast and east Asia, cause bile duct inflammation and are major risk factors of bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma). As the only group of eukaryotic organisms listed as carcinogens, liver flukes can increase cholangiocarcinoma incidence by 100-fold in some parts of Thailand. How they interact with bile duct epithelial cells during tumor initiation and progression is unknown. In this review, we summarize molecular and cellular evidence linking liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma with mis-regulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a multicellular morphogenetic process known to be involved in many normal and pathological settings, including cancer. EMT markers and regulators can potentially be used to facilitate cholangiocarcinoma diagnosis and treatment. Abstract Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common type of hepatic cancer. In east and southeast Asia, intrahepatic CCA is caused predominantly by infection of Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis, two species of parasitic liver flukes. In this review, we present molecular evidence that liver fluke-associated CCAs have enhanced features of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in bile duct epithelial cells (cholangiocytes) and that some of those features are associated with mis-regulation at the epigenetic level. We hypothesize that both direct and indirect mechanisms underlie parasitic infection-induced EMT in CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (G.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Goro Sashida
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Centre for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (G.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Guojun Sheng
- Laboratory of Developmental Morphogenesis, International Research Centre for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (G.S.); (G.S.)
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18
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Rachprakhon P, Purivirojkul W. Very low prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini s.l. cercariae in Bithynia siamensis siamensis snails from the canal network system in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand. Parasite 2021; 28:2. [PMID: 33416490 PMCID: PMC7792506 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini s.l. is associated with a long-term public health problem in Thailand. However, O. viverrini s.l. infection in Bithynia snails in the canal network system (CNS) in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR) has never been assessed. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of B. siamensis siamensis and the prevalence of O. viverrini s.l. infection in this snail in the CNS in BMR along with morphological examination and molecular analyses on O. viverrini s.l. cercariae. The snails were randomly sampled from the CNS in all BMR areas from January 2018 to July 2019. Snail specimens were identified and examined for digenean infection by shedding and dissection. The cercariae were identified using morphology and molecular methods, including PCR with a species-specific primer and a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of ITS2 sequences. Bithynia siamensis siamensis was found in almost all sampling localities, with different quantities and detected frequencies. From a total of 7473 B. s. siamensis specimens, O. viverrini s.l. infections were detected in the Northern Bangkok, Muang Nakhon Pathom, Krathum Baen, and Lam Luk Ka areas with an overall prevalence of 0.05% (4/7473) and prevalence of 0.22% (1/455), 0.21% (1/469), 0.40% (1/253), and 0.16% (1/614) in individual localities with positive snails, respectively. This study is the first investigation of digenean infection in the canal network system-type habitat in Thailand and revealed extremely low O. viverrini s.l. prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuphitchan Rachprakhon
- Animal Systematics and Ecology Speciality Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Bang Khen Campus 10900 Bangkok Thailand
| | - Watchariya Purivirojkul
- Animal Systematics and Ecology Speciality Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Bang Khen Campus 10900 Bangkok Thailand
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19
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Seidensticker M, Schütte K, Seidensticker R, Mühlmann M, Schulz C. Multi-modal and sequential treatment of liver cancer and its impact on the gastrointestinal tract. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2020; 48-49:101709. [PMID: 33317790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2020.101709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic tumors include hepatocellular cancer (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC), a small subgroup of tumors (approx. 1%) are classified as combined hepatocellularcholangiocellular carcinomas. Different stage-dependent therapeutic approaches comprise resection, local ablative techniques, locoregional therapies, systemic treatment, liver transplantation in selected cases and possible combination of these treatment modalities. This review summarizes current knowledge on multi-modal treatment strategies for liver cancer focusing on gastrointestinal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Seidensticker
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Schütte
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Niels-Stensen-Kliniken, Marienhospital, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ricarda Seidensticker
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Mühlmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Medical Department II, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
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Buathong S, Phaiphilai K, Ruang-areerate T, Sitthichot N, Thita T, Mungthin M, Suwannahitatorn P. Genetic Differentiation of Opisthorchis-Like Eggs in Northern Thailand Using Stool Specimens Under National Strategic Plan to Control Liver Fluke Infection and Cholangiocarcinoma. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:1118-1124. [PMID: 32588808 PMCID: PMC7470534 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fluke infection caused by Opisthorchis viverrini is recognized as a potential risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The National Strategic Plan to Control Liver Fluke Infection and Cholangiocarcinoma has implemented microscopic-based stool examination screening. However, eggs of O. viverrini and minute intestinal flukes (MIFs) are nearly morphologically similar and could result in inaccurate O. viverrini diagnosis. Stool specimens were collected from eight districts of Chiang Mai Province in northern Thailand. Opisthorchis-like eggs were identified with the Kato-Katz technique and differentiated for O. viverrini and MIFs using molecular study by PCR and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) gene. Prevalence of Opisthorchis-like eggs was 5.9% from a total of 9,570 specimens. From PCR assays, all liver flukes were O. viverrini and all MIFs were Haplorchis taichui. The distribution of species was H. taichui (38.2%), O. viverrini (10.5%), coinfection of H. taichui and O. viverrini (37.2%), and 14.1% were negative from PCR. Totally, H. taichui was found in 75.4% of infections from Opisthorchis-like specimens. ITS2 nucleotide sequencing analysis showed a single variant of O. viverrini with no variation and two variants of H. taichui. This study first revealed the genetic background of Opisthorchis-like eggs in northern Thailand. Minute intestinal flukes are occasionally misdiagnosed as O. viverrini leading to misinterpretation and overestimation of the burden of O. viverrini infection. Molecular diagnosis such as PCR could effectively discriminate species of Opisthorchis-like eggs and help shape the robustness of epidemiological data to control liver fluke infection and raise awareness of other risk factors for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiwasan Buathong
- Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kateitsaray Phaiphilai
- Communicable Disease Control Sector, Chiang Mai Provincial Health Office, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Toon Ruang-areerate
- Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naruemon Sitthichot
- Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyapit Thita
- Drug Research Unit for Malaria, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mathirut Mungthin
- Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
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High prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infections and coinfection with hepatitis virus in riverside villages in northeast China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11749. [PMID: 32678224 PMCID: PMC7366707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In China, the prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) infections is only evaluated at the provincial level by national sampling surveys, and data from villages and counties are still lacking. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in 10 villages located along the Lalin River in northeast China. Clonorchiasis was diagnosed using a modified Kato–Katz method that detects the C. sinensis egg in stools. A total of 3,068 persons were screened and 2,911 were recruited for the study. Overall, the prevalence of C. sinensis infection was 29.3%. Among 175 participants who were cured after antiparasitic treatment, 54 (30.86%) were re-infected in this survey. After calibration of potential confounders, male gender, occupation as a farmer, smoking, and occasionally or frequently eating raw fish were independent risk factors for C. sinensis infection. The results of laboratory examinations in the C. sinensis/hepatitis B or C virus co-infection group were similar to those in the hepatitis B or C virus mono-infection groups. In conclusion, C. sinensis is highly endemic in villages along the Lalin River, and the primary route of infection is the consumption of raw freshwater fish. Co-infection with C. sinensis did't aggravate the clinical manifestations of viral hepatitis in this cross-sectional study.
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Florio AA, Ferlay J, Znaor A, Ruggieri D, Alvarez CS, Laversanne M, Bray F, McGlynn KA, Petrick JL. Global trends in intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma incidence from 1993 to 2012. Cancer 2020; 126:2666-2678. [PMID: 32129902 PMCID: PMC7323858 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICCs) and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ECCs) are highly lethal bile duct tumors. Their incidence can be difficult to estimate because of changes in cancer coding over time. No studies to date have examined their global incidence and trends with high-quality topography- and histology-specific cancer registry data. Therefore, this study examined ICC and ECC incidence with the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus database. METHODS Regional and national cancer registry data were used to estimate age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) per 100,000 person-years, 95% confidence intervals, and average annual percent changes (AAPCs) for ICC in 38 countries and for ECC in 33 countries from 1993 to 2012. ICC and ECC trends were tabulated and plotted by country. Rates versus birth cohort by age were plotted, and an age-period-cohort analysis was performed to assess age and cohort incidence rate ratios. RESULTS The highest rates of ICC and ECC were in Asia, specifically South Korea (ASR for ICC, 2.80; ASR for ECC, 2.24), Thailand (ASR for ICC, 2.19; ASR for ECC, 0.71), and Japan (ASR for ICC, 0.95; ASR for ECC, 0.83). Between 1993 and 2012, incidence rates of both ICC and ECC increased in most countries. The largest ASR increases over the study period occurred in Latvia (AAPC, 20.1%) and China (AAPC, 11.1%) for ICC and in Thailand (AAPC, 8.8%) and Colombia (AAPC, 8.5%) for ECC. CONCLUSIONS In the 20 years examined, ICC and ECC incidence increased in the majority of countries worldwide. ICC and ECC incidence may continue to increase because of metabolic and infectious etiologic factors. Efforts to further elucidate risk factors contributing to these increases in incidence are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A. Florio
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacques Ferlay
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Ariana Znaor
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - David Ruggieri
- Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Christian S. Alvarez
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mathieu Laversanne
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Katherine A. McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica L. Petrick
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) arises from the epithelial cells of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and occurs proximal to the segmental biliary ducts. Risk factors include chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, biliary inflammatory diseases, and hepatobiliary flukes, although in most cases, no known risk factor is identified. ICC is highly aggressive, with long-term survival only observed in patients with a complete R0 surgical resection. Technical and physiologic resectability should be considered when performing an operative plan. Nodal involvement is among the most important prognostic factors associated with survival and a porta hepatis lymphadenectomy should be performed at the time of resection. Adjuvant chemotherapy can provide a significant survival benefit for patients with more advanced or aggressive tumors. Systemic, locoregional, and targeted therapies exist for patients with unresectable or metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy El-Diwany
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe St, Tower 110 Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, 320 W. 10th Avenue, M-260 Starling Loving Hall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Aslam Ejaz
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe St, Tower 110 Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Senephansiri P, Thongseesuksai T, Sithay P, Laymanivong S, Boonmar T, Laummaunwai P. Current status of Opisthorchis viverrini, minute intestinal fluke and Taenia spp. infections among inhabitants in the Kenethao district of northern Lao PDR. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2020; 114:397-400. [DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This study reports the prevalence of Ov/minute intestinal fluke (MIF) and Taenia infections among inhabitants of the Kenethao district, northern Lao PDR.
Methods
Fecal samples from 580 inhabitants were examined using the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique.
Results
The prevalence of Ov/MIF, Taenia spp. and coinfection was 45.3, 11.9 and 6.1%, respectively. There was no significant difference between males and females for Ov/MIF (p=0.813) and Taenia infection (p=0.759). The prevalence of Ov/MIF was significantly associated with age (p=0.005), but not for Taenia infection (p=0.836). Consumption of raw fish (p=0.001) and raw meat (p=0.046) was significantly associated with parasitic infections.
Conclusions
The results suggest that Ov/MIF and Taenia spp. are highly endemic in this area and there is a need for projects to eliminate these parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phasouk Senephansiri
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Phaviny Sithay
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sakhone Laymanivong
- Center of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR
| | - Thidarut Boonmar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Neglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Porntip Laummaunwai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Neglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Bukkhunthod P, Meererksom T, Pechdee P, Ponphimai S, Khiaowichit J, Kaewpitoon N, Thueng-In K, Leng M, Namhong T, Taweepakdeechot A, Yardcharoen N, Srithongklang W, Wakhuwathapong P, Keeratibharat N, Kaewpitoon SJ. Animation as Supplementary Learning Material About Carcinogenic Liver Fluke in Classes for Primary Schoolchildren. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2020; 35:14-21. [PMID: 30291547 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-018-1434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenic liver fluke is still an issue of great concern in some countries of Southeast Asia, particularly in Thailand, Cambodia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, and Vietnam. The infection, caused by Opisthorchis viverrini, is associated to cholangiocarcinoma and is endemic among human populations for whom raw fish is frequently consumed. Prevention and health education are required. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of educational intervention to improve knowledge among primary schoolchildren based on animation-assisted education. In this study, 80 participants (40 participants in the experimental group and 40 participants in the comparison group) were selected in 2018. The effectiveness of an interactive animation program in improving the knowledge of students studying liver fluke was determined based on scores on tests given before and immediately after completion of a 4.29-min animated program on the liver fluke life cycle, risk factors, disease, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 via paired t tests and independent samples t tests at a significance level of 0.05. A marked and significant improvement was observed in the immediate posttest compared with the pretest scores. More importantly, the students who had used the animated program achieved a significantly higher score on the final test than the comparison group. The results offered in the first report show that the use of the animated program facilitated education about liver fluke. It is strongly believed that animations are good supplementary learning materials for students, particularly for learning about serious concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeyaporn Bukkhunthod
- Parasitic Disease Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- School of Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Thirayu Meererksom
- Parasitic Disease Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- School of Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
- Department of Business Computer, Faculty of Management Science, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Phornphitcha Pechdee
- Parasitic Disease Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Sukanya Ponphimai
- Parasitic Disease Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- School of Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Khiaowichit
- Parasitic Disease Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- School of Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Natthawut Kaewpitoon
- Parasitic Disease Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Kanyarat Thueng-In
- Parasitic Disease Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Monica Leng
- Parasitic Disease Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- School of Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Thitimakorn Namhong
- Parasitic Disease Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- School of Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Anunya Taweepakdeechot
- Parasitic Disease Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- School of Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Narada Yardcharoen
- Parasitic Disease Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- School of Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Wirangrong Srithongklang
- Parasitic Disease Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- School of Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Parichart Wakhuwathapong
- Parasitic Disease Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Nattawut Keeratibharat
- Parasitic Disease Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- School of Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Soraya J Kaewpitoon
- Parasitic Disease Research Center, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.
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Kokova D, Verhoeven A, Perina EA, Ivanov VV, Knyazeva EM, Saltykova IV, Mayboroda OA. Plasma metabolomics of the time resolved response to Opisthorchis felineus infection in an animal model (golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008015. [PMID: 31978047 PMCID: PMC7002010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Opisthorchiasis is a hepatobiliary disease caused by flukes of the trematode family Opisthorchiidae. Opisthorchiasis can lead to severe hepatobiliary morbidity and is classified as a carcinogenic agent. Here we investigate the time-resolved metabolic response to Opisthorchis felineus infection in an animal model. Methodology Thirty golden hamsters were divided in three groups: severe infection (50 metacercariae/hamster), mild infection (15 metacercariae/hamster) and uninfected (vehicle-PBS) groups. Each group consisted of equal number of male and female animals. Plasma samples were collected one day before the infection and then every two weeks up to week 22 after infection. The samples were subjected to 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical modelling. Principal findings The time-resolved study of the metabolic response to Opisthorchis infection in plasma in the main lines agrees with our previous report on urine data. The response reaches its peak around the 4th week of infection and stabilizes after the 10th week. Yet, unlike the urinary data there is no strong effect of the gender in the data and the intensity of infection is presented in the first two principal components of the PCA model. The main trends of the metabolic response to the infection in blood plasma are the transient depletion of essential amino acids and an increase in lipoprotein and cholesterol concentrations. Conclusions The time resolved metabolic signature of Opisthorchis infection in the hamster’s plasma shows a coherent shift in amino acids and lipid metabolism. Our work provides insight into the metabolic basis of the host response on the helminth infection. Opisthorchiasis is a parasitic infection caused by liver flukes of the Opisthorchiidae family. The liver fluke infection triggers development of hepatobiliary pathologies such as chronic forms of cholecystitis, cholangitis, pancreatitis, and cholelithiasis and increases the risk of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. This manuscript is the second part of our outgoing project dedicated to a comprehensive description of the metabolic response to opisthorchiasis (more specifically Opisthorchis felineus) in an animal model. We show that the metabolic response in blood plasma is unfolding according to the same scenario as in urine, reaching its peak at the 4th week and stabilizing after the 10th week post-infection. Yet, unlike the response described in urine, the observed metabolic response in plasma is less gender specific. Moreover, the biochemical basis of the detected response in blood plasma is restricted to the remodeling of the lipid metabolism and the transient depletion of essential amino acids. Together with our first manuscript this report forms the first systematic description of the metabolic response on opisthorchiasis in an animal model using two easily accessible biofluids. Thus, this contribution provides novel results and fills an information gap still existing in the analytically driven characterization of the “Siberian liver fluke”, Opisthorchis felineus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kokova
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of clinical metabolomics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Aswin Verhoeven
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina A. Perina
- Central Research Laboratory Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir V. Ivanov
- Central Research Laboratory Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elena M. Knyazeva
- School of Core Engineering Education, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V. Saltykova
- Central Research Laboratory Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg A. Mayboroda
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Zhou X, Wang J, Tang M, Huang M, Xu L, Peng Z, Li ZP, Feng ST. Hepatocellular carcinoma with hilar bile duct tumor thrombus versus hilar Cholangiocarcinoma on enhanced computed tomography: a diagnostic challenge. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:54. [PMID: 31969123 PMCID: PMC6977349 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with hilar bile duct tumor thrombus (HBDTT) often mimic hilar cholangiocarcinoma (hilar CC). The purpose of this study is to analyze the Computed Tomography (CT) characteristics of HCC with HBDTT and to identify imaging features to aid its differentiation from hilar CC on enhanced CT. METHODS We retrospectively identified 58 cases with pathologically proved HCC with HBDTT between 2011 and 2018. Seventy-seven cases of pathologically proven hilar CCs were selected during the same period. The clinical features and CT findings of the two groups were reviewed and compared. RESULTS HCC with HBDTTs are more commonly found in men (87.9% vs 63.6%, p = 0.001) with lower age of onset (49.84 vs 58.61 years; p < 0.001) in comparison to hilar CCs. Positive correlation were identified between HCC with HBDTTs and chronic HBV infection (72.4% vs 11.7%; p < 0.001), increased serum AFP (67.2% vs 1.3%; p < 0.001), CA19-9 level (58.6% vs 85.7%; p < 0.001) and CEA level (3.4% vs 29.9%; p = 0.001), parenchymal lesion with intraductal lesion (100% vs 18.2%; p < 0.001), washout during the portal venous phase (84.5% vs 6.5%; p < 0.001), thickened bile duct wall (8.6% vs 93.5%; p < 0.001), intrahepatic vascular embolus (44.8% vs 7.8%; p < 0.001), splenomegaly (34.5% vs 2.6%, p < 0.001). A scoring system consisting of the five parameters obtained from characteristics mentioned above was trialed. The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing HCC with HBDTT were 96.39, 100 and 92.5% respectively when the total score was 2 or more. CONCLUSIONS HCC with HBDTTs are often distinguishable from hilar CCs based on washout during portal venous phase without thickened bile duct wall. HBV infection and serum AFP level facilitate the differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jifei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Mimi Tang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengqi Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Zhenpeng Peng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi-Ping Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shi-Ting Feng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Betson M, Alonte AJI, Ancog RC, Aquino AMO, Belizario VY, Bordado AMD, Clark J, Corales MCG, Dacuma MG, Divina BP, Dixon MA, Gourley SA, Jimenez JRD, Jones BP, Manalo SMP, Prada JM, van Vliet AHM, Whatley KCL, Paller VGV. Zoonotic transmission of intestinal helminths in southeast Asia: Implications for control and elimination. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2020; 108:47-131. [PMID: 32291086 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal helminths are extremely widespread and highly prevalent infections of humans, particularly in rural and poor urban areas of low and middle-income countries. These parasites have chronic and often insidious effects on human health and child development including abdominal problems, anaemia, stunting and wasting. Certain animals play a fundamental role in the transmission of many intestinal helminths to humans. However, the contribution of zoonotic transmission to the overall burden of human intestinal helminth infection and the relative importance of different animal reservoirs remains incomplete. Moreover, control programmes and transmission models for intestinal helminths often do not consider the role of zoonotic reservoirs of infection. Such reservoirs will become increasingly important as control is scaled up and there is a move towards interruption and even elimination of parasite transmission. With a focus on southeast Asia, and the Philippines in particular, this review summarises the major zoonotic intestinal helminths, risk factors for infection and highlights knowledge gaps related to their epidemiology and transmission. Various methodologies are discussed, including parasite genomics, mathematical modelling and socio-economic analysis, that could be employed to improve understanding of intestinal helminth spread, reservoir attribution and the burden associated with infection, as well as assess effectiveness of interventions. For sustainable control and ultimately elimination of intestinal helminths, there is a need to move beyond scheduled mass deworming and to consider animal and environmental reservoirs. A One Health approach to control of intestinal helminths is proposed, integrating interventions targeting humans, animals and the environment, including improved access to water, hygiene and sanitation. This will require coordination and collaboration across different sectors to achieve best health outcomes for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Betson
- University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Rico C Ancog
- University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Jessica Clark
- University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Billy P Divina
- University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Ben P Jones
- University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Muthukumar R, Suttiprapa S, Mairiang E, Kessomboon P, Laha T, Smith JF, Sripa B. Effects of Opisthorchis viverrini infection on glucose and lipid profiles in human hosts: A cross-sectional and prospective follow-up study from Thailand. Parasitol Int 2019; 75:102000. [PMID: 31669292 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) infection is endemic to the Northeast Thailand where the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is higher whilst the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is lower than the rest of Thailand. Helminth infection has both nutritional and immunological impact on their definitive hosts. Thus, a cross-sectional study was performed to see the effects of OV infection on glucose and lipid profiles. For this purpose, 200 each of OV infected and uninfected residents were recruited and their glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, triglycerides, low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) levels and anthropometric measurements, including BMI were examined. Then, as the prospective follow- up study, changes of those metabolic parameters of OV positive subjects (n = 120) before and after Praziquantel (PZQ) treatment were monitored for six months. The results showed that OV infection has a protective effect against hyperglycemia (OR 0.482 and p = .04) and metabolic disease risk group (OR 0.478 and p = .03). OV positive participants had lower HbA1c (5.5% Vs. 6.01%, p = .001) but higher HDL (54.07 Vs. 49.46 mg/dL, p = .001) than OV negative participants that are statistically significant. After PZQ treatment for OV-positive subjects, their serum levels of HbA1c (p < .05) and HDL (p < .05) significantly rose during the follow up. Apparently, OV infection lowers HbA1c but increases HDL in definitive human hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Muthukumar
- Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Centre, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Centre, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Eimorn Mairiang
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pattapong Kessomboon
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Thewarach Laha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - John F Smith
- Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Centre, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Chaiprasert T, Armartmuntree N, Techasen A, Sakonsinsiri C, Pinlaor S, Ungarreevittaya P, Khuntikeo N, Namwat N, Thanan R. Roles of Zinc Finger Protein 423 in Proliferation and Invasion of Cholangiocarcinoma through Oxidative Stress. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9070263. [PMID: 31284679 PMCID: PMC6681239 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 423 (ZNF423) is a transcriptional factor involved in the development and progression of cancers but has not yet been examined in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), an oxidative stress-driven cancer of biliary epithelium. In this study, we hypothesized that oxidative stress mediated ZNF423 expression regulates its downstream genes resulting in CCA genesis. ZNF423 protein expression patterns and 8-oxodG (an oxidative stress marker) formation in CCA tissues were investigated using immunohistochemical analysis. The results showed that ZNF423 was overexpressed in CCA cells compared to normal bile duct cells adjacent of the tumor. Notably, ZNF423 expression was positively correlated with 8-oxodG formation. Moreover, ZNF423 expression in an immortalized cholangiocyte cell line (MMNK1) was increased by hydrogen peroxide-treatment, suggesting that oxidative stress induces ZNF423 expression. To investigate the roles of ZNF423 in CCA progression, ZNF423 mRNA was silenced using specific siRNA in CCA cell lines, KKU-100 and KKU-213. Silencing of ZNF423 significantly inhibits cell proliferation and invasion of both CCA cell lines. Taking all these results together, the present study denoted that ZNF423 is an oxidative stress-responsive gene with an oncogenic property contributing to the regulation of CCA genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timpika Chaiprasert
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Napat Armartmuntree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chadamas Sakonsinsiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Piti Ungarreevittaya
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Raynoo Thanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Kovshirina YV, Fedorova OS, Vtorushin SV, Kovshirina AE, Ivanov SD, Chizhikov AV, Onishchenko SV, Ogorodova LM, Odermatt P. Case Report: Two Cases of Cholangiocarcinoma in Patients with Opisthorchis felineus Infection in Western Siberia, Russian Federation. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 100:599-603. [PMID: 30594265 PMCID: PMC6402895 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a cancer with high mortality owing to its aggressiveness and resistance to therapy. The liver flukes of the Opisthorchiidae family have been recognized as risk factors of CCA. Opisthorchis felineus infection occurs in Western Siberia, the biggest endemic area in the Russian Federation, and is associated with chronic inflammation of the bile ducts, which may be linked to severe hepatobiliary morbidity. We report two cases of confirmed CCA who had a chronic O. felineus infection. Both cases presented unspecific symptoms at the onset of the disease, a stage when severe pathological changes already had occurred. Both patients were living in endemic areas but did not receive any antihelminthic treatment. This report underlines the need for assessment of O. felineus infection as a causative factor of CCA. The results will provide further arguments for control of O. felineus in the Russian Federation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V. Kovshirina
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Olga S. Fedorova
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V. Vtorushin
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Anna E. Kovshirina
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav D. Ivanov
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey V. Chizhikov
- Budget Institution of Higher Education of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V. Onishchenko
- Budget Institution of Higher Education of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Surgut State University, Surgut, Russian Federation
| | - Ludmila M. Ogorodova
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Peter Odermatt
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Evaluation of the diagnostic performance of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in differentiating between benign and metastatic lymph nodes in cases of cholangiocarcinoma. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2019; 44:473-481. [PMID: 30151713 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-018-1742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the primary tumor found in the bile duct and is associated with a high incidence of lymph node (LN) metastases and poor outcomes. The presence of metastatic lymph nodes, when shown by imaging, can influence patient treatment and prognosis. DWI is a promising, non-invasive imaging technique for differentiating between benign and malignant LNs. Many studies have shown that LN metastases have a lower apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value when compared to benign nodes. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of ADC values as a basis for diagnosis of LN metastasis in cholangiocarcinoma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective imaging study that evaluated histopathologically proven intraabdominal LNs in cholangiocarcinoma patients who underwent a 1.5T abdomen MRI with DWI between January 2012 and July 2016. The ADC values and short-axis diameters of the LNs were measured and compared using student's t test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the threshold. RESULTS A total of 120 lymph nodes-85 benign and 35 metastatic-were included. The mean short-axis diameter of the benign LNs (8.34 mm) was significantly lesser than that of the malignant LNs (9.56 mm). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis using a size criterion of 1 cm yielded a value of 0.63. A diagnostic size criterion of 1 cm for the short axis was applied and yielded an accuracy of 66%, sensitivity/specificity of 41%/75%, and positive/negative predictive value of 34%/80%. The mean ADC values of metastatic (1.31 × 10-3 mm2/s) LNs were not significantly different from those of non-metastatic LNs (1.29 × 10-3 mm2/s). CONCLUSION There was no difference in terms of ADC value between benign lymph nodes and those with metastatic cholangiocarcinoma. Isolated measurement of the ADC value does not contribute to a diagnosis of lymph node metastasis.
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Suwannahitatorn P, Webster J, Riley S, Mungthin M, Donnelly CA. Uncooked fish consumption among those at risk of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in central Thailand. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211540. [PMID: 30703149 PMCID: PMC6355008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to northern and northeastern Thailand, central Thailand was believed not to be endemic for Opisthorchis viverrini (OV). Fieldwork conducted in a rural area of central Thailand revealed that the prevalence and incidence were relatively high compared with regional average data. We hypothesized that the behavioural-psycho-social background of the study population might play an important role in the high burden of the infection. As a result, a qualitative study was conducted to highlight potential social determinants of the infection dynamics to gain greater understanding of the risk behaviours and their contexts. A qualitative study using focus group discussion and in-depth interviews was conducted in Na-ngam Village, Chachoengsao Province from 2012-14. Framework analysis was used to explore associations between infection and thematic content. Social influence showed a strong impact on infection dynamics of OV infection. Our results revealed that Koi pla (chopped raw fish salad) remains a popular dish in the community, as the dish itself represents northeastern culture. The cultural norm had been transferred from ancestors to their descendants. Some elders complained that discontinuing the consumption of Koi pla went against old traditions with respect to cultural norms and socialization. In contrast, modern education teaches about hygiene including OV infection risks, and accordingly teenagers and young adults were reported to modify their lifestyles including their eating habits. Children are a potential key to pass knowledge to their parents and school-based education programs can serve as a practical hub for knowledge dissemination. However, health education alone might not lead to behavioural change in other age groups. Therefore, more efforts are needed to support the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne Webster
- Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases (CEEED), Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Riley
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mathirut Mungthin
- Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Christl A. Donnelly
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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A new level of complexity in parasite-host interaction: The role of extracellular vesicles. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2019; 104:39-112. [PMID: 31030771 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Humans and animals have co-existed with parasites in a battle of constant adaptation to one another. It is becoming increasingly clear that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in this co-existence and pathology. This chapter reviews the current research on EVs released by protozoa, nematodes, trematodes, and cestodes with a special focus on EVs in parasite life cycles. The environmental changes experienced by the parasite during its life cycle is associated with distinct changes in EV release and content. The function of these EV seems to have a significant influence on parasite pathology and survival in the host by concomitantly modulating host immune responses and triggering parasite differentiation. The role of EVs in communication between the parasites and the host adds a new level of complexity in our understanding of parasite biology, which may be a key to further understand the complexity behind host-parasite interactions and communication. This increased understanding can, in turn, open up new avenues for vaccine, diagnostic, and therapeutic development for a wide variety of diseases such as parasite infection, cancers, and immunological disorders.
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Alsaleh M, Leftley Z, Barbera TA, Sithithaworn P, Khuntikeo N, Loilome W, Yongvanit P, Cox IJ, Chamodol N, Syms RR, Andrews RH, Taylor-Robinson SD. Cholangiocarcinoma: a guide for the nonspecialist. Int J Gen Med 2018; 12:13-23. [PMID: 30588065 PMCID: PMC6304240 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s186854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a tumor with increasing prevalence around the world. The prevalence of CCA is highest in East Asia and most significantly in the countries through which the Mekong River flows, owing to the presence of liver flukes, which are consumed in raw fish dishes. Outside Asia, the causes of bile duct cancers for the most part are unknown. In this review, we assess the current state of knowledge in both fluke-associated and sporadic CCA, from etiological, diagnostic, and treatment perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munirah Alsaleh
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W2 INY, UK,
| | - Zoe Leftley
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W2 INY, UK,
| | - Thomas A Barbera
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W2 INY, UK,
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Puangrat Yongvanit
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - I Jane Cox
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE5 9NT, UK
| | - Nittaya Chamodol
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Richard Ra Syms
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ross H Andrews
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W2 INY, UK, .,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Prueksapanich P, Piyachaturawat P, Aumpansub P, Ridtitid W, Chaiteerakij R, Rerknimitr R. Liver Fluke-Associated Biliary Tract Cancer. Gut Liver 2018; 12:236-245. [PMID: 28783896 PMCID: PMC5945254 DOI: 10.5009/gnl17102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive cancer arising from epithelial cells of the bile duct. Most patients with CCA have an unresectable tumor at the time of diagnosis. In Western countries, the risk of CCA increases in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, whereas liver fluke infection appears to be the major risk factor for CCA in Asian countries. A diagnosis of liver fluke infection often relies on stool samples, including microscopic examination, polymerase chain reaction-based assays, and fluke antigen detection. Tests of serum, saliva and urine samples are also potentially diagnostic. The presence of liver fluke along with exogenous carcinogens magnifies the risk of CCA in people living in endemic areas. The “liver fluke-cholangiocarcinoma” carcinogenesis pathways consist of mechanical damage to the bile duct epithelium, immunopathologic and cellular reactions to the liver fluke’s antigens and excretory/secretory products, liver fluke-induced changes in the biliary tract microbiome and the effects of repeated treatment for liver fluke. A vaccine and novel biomarkers are needed for the primary and secondary prevention of CCA in endemic areas. Importantly, climate change exerts an effect on vector-borne parasitic diseases, and awareness of liver fluke should be enhanced in potentially migrated habitat areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyapan Prueksapanich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panida Piyachaturawat
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapimphan Aumpansub
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wiriyaporn Ridtitid
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Roongruedee Chaiteerakij
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungsun Rerknimitr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wijekoon HMS, Munasinghe DMS, Wijayawardhane KAN, Ariyarathna HMHS, Horadagoda N, Rajapakse J, De Silva DDN. Postmortem detection and histopathological features of canine spirocercosis-induced putative esophageal chondrosarcoma. Vet World 2018; 11:1376-1379. [PMID: 30532489 PMCID: PMC6247872 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1376-1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study was to describe and characterize the postmortem and histopathological findings of putative esophageal chondrosarcoma associated with Spirocerca lupi. Materials and Methods: Spirocerca-associated esophageal nodules were collected from 54 dogs at postmortem examination and were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Of the cases examined, 15 were selected randomly for further investigation, of which 11 were classified as non-neoplastic nodules while 4 had changes reflecting a neoplastic process. Results: In all four neoplastic cases, the wall of the esophageal nodules contained islands and nests of highly proliferative atypical chondroblasts within a cartilaginous matrix. However, there was no statistically significant association between gender (p=0.228), age (p=0.568), and breeds (p>0.05) with the occurrence of spirocercosis. Moreover, all esophageal nodules identified were located near the caudal segment, and their diameters ranged from 1 to 6 cm (4.7±1.5 cm). A number of worms in each nodule varied from 5 to 25 (11.3±5). Conclusion: Histopathology and cytology revealed that the wall of the esophageal nodules contained islands and nests of highly proliferative atypical chondroblasts within a cartilaginous matrix, a rare finding, and clinical challenge in spirocercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Suranji Wijekoon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - D M S Munasinghe
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - K A N Wijayawardhane
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - H M H S Ariyarathna
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Neil Horadagoda
- University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden, University of Sydney, 410 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Jayanthe Rajapakse
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - D D Niranjala De Silva
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Osakunor DNM, Sengeh DM, Mutapi F. Coinfections and comorbidities in African health systems: At the interface of infectious and noninfectious diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006711. [PMID: 30235205 PMCID: PMC6147336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a disease epidemiological transition occurring in Africa, with increasing incidence of noninfectious diseases, superimposed on a health system historically geared more toward the management of communicable diseases. The persistence and sometimes emergence of new pathogens allows for the occurrence of coinfections and comorbidities due to both infectious and noninfectious diseases. There is therefore a need to rethink and restructure African health systems to successfully address this transition. The historical focus of more health resources on infectious diseases requires revision. We hypothesise that the growing burden of noninfectious diseases may be linked directly and indirectly to or further exacerbated by the existence of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and other infectious diseases within the population. Herein, we discuss the health burden of coinfections and comorbidities and the challenges to implementing effective and sustainable healthcare in Africa. We also discuss how existing NTD and infectious disease intervention programs in Africa can be leveraged for noninfectious disease intervention. Furthermore, we explore the potential for new technologies-including artificial intelligence and multiplex approaches-for diagnosis and management of chronic diseases for improved health provision in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derick Nii Mensah Osakunor
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Evolution, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Francisca Mutapi
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Evolution, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Global Health Research Unit Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Kaewpitoon N, Kaewpitoon SJ, Meererksom T, Chan-Aran S, Sangwalee W, Kujapun J, Norkaew J, Chuatanam J, Ponpimai S, Pothipim M, Padchasuwan N, Tongtawee T, Matrakool L, Panpimanmas S, Loyd RA, Wakkhuwatthapong P. Detection of Risk Groups for Carcinogenic Liver Fluke Infection by Verbal Screening Questionnaire Using a Mobile Application. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2013-2019. [PMID: 30051702 PMCID: PMC6165631 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.7.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The carcinogenic liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, is a serious health problem in Southeast Asia where infection is associated with cholangiocarcinoma, a major cause of death in Thailand. This cross-sectional study aimed to screen for O. viverrini infection among a Thai rural population of 560 individuals from Nakhon Ratchasima, Khonkaen, and Chaiyaphum provinces with a verbal screening test with a mobile application (OvApp). Faecal samples were also processed with a mini-parasep sf parasite faecal concentrator. The infection rate of O. viverrini was found to be 2.86%. The majority of infections were detected in males aged 41–50, with primary school being their highest education level, and who were engaged in agricultural occupations. In screening for O. viverrini infection, the OvApp had a high sensitivity (87.5%), specificity (94.6%), negative predictive value (98.9%), and accuracy (98.6%). The positive predictive value was 70.0% for the OvApp. The observed agreement was substantial for this application (k-value = 0.64) indicated that it is a potentially useful tool for decreasing the cost of large-scale O. viverrini screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthawut Kaewpitoon
- Parasitic Disease Research Center, Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand.
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Nguyen HM, Tatonova YV, Madsen H. Infections by Hepatic Trematodes in Cats from Slaughterhouses in Vietnam. J Parasitol 2018; 104:306-309. [PMID: 29466091 DOI: 10.1645/18-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Domestic cats are a final host for some hepatic trematodes, and cat meat is used for human consumption in several parts of northern Vietnam. Since there is no tradition for commercial cat rearing in the area, cats are purchased alive from other areas as well, i.e., southern Vietnam and neighboring countries, and brought to slaughterhouses. This uncontrolled trade in live cats could pose a risk for spread of various parasites, including hepatic trematodes. Hence, in this study, we investigated the infections by hepatic trematodes in cats from the slaughterhouses. Cat livers were sampled from 12 slaughterhouses. Clonorchis sinensis and Platynosomum fastosum were found in 14 of 78 necropsied cats of local origin, while more than half of the non-local cats (170 of 318) were infected by C. sinensis, P. fastosum, or Opisthorchis viverrini. The non-local cats had higher prevalence (odds ratio = 6.61, P < 0.01, 95% CI: 2.34-19.41) and intensity of infection (count ratio = 6.47, P < 0.01, 95% CI: 1.77-23.59) by C. sinensis than local cats. Prevalence of P. fastosum infection did not differ significantly between the 2 groups of cats. Opisthorchis viverrini was found at low prevalence (2.5%) in non-local cats. The presence of O. viverrini in cats sampled in northern Vietnam and the high prevalence and intensity of infection in cats of non-local origin suggest that cats are transported over great distances, and this poses a risk of spreading these trematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Manh Nguyen
- 1 Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay Dist., Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yulia V Tatonova
- 2 Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 100-letiya St., Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Henry Madsen
- 3 Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 57, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yasunaga J, Matsuoka M. Oncogenic spiral by infectious pathogens: Cooperation of multiple factors in cancer development. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:24-32. [PMID: 29143406 PMCID: PMC5765297 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection is one of the major causes of cancer, and there are several mechanisms for infection-mediated oncogenesis. Some pathogens encode gene products that behave like oncogenic factors, hijacking cellular pathways to promote the survival and proliferation of infected cells in vivo. Some of these viral oncoproteins trigger a cellular damage defense response leading to senescence; however, other viral factors hinder this suppressive effect, suggesting that cooperation of those viral factors is important for malignant transformation. Coinfection with multiple agents is known to accelerate cancer development in certain cases. For example, parasitic or bacterial infection is a risk factor for adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma induced by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1, and Epstein-Barr virus and malaria are closely associated with endemic Burkitt lymphoma. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is accompanied by various types of infection-related cancer. These findings indicate that these oncogenic pathogens can cooperate to overcome host barriers against cancer development. In this review, the authors focus on the collaborative strategies of pathogens for oncogenesis from two different points of view: (i) the cooperation of two or more different factors encoded by a single pathogen; and (ii) the acceleration of oncogenesis by coinfection with multiple agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun‐Ichirou Yasunaga
- Laboratory of Virus ControlInstitute for Frontier Life and Medical SciencesKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Virus ControlInstitute for Frontier Life and Medical SciencesKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious DiseasesKumamoto University School of MedicineKumamotoJapan
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Lee DH, Lee JM. Primary malignant tumours in the non-cirrhotic liver. Eur J Radiol 2017; 95:349-361. [PMID: 28987692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic chlangiocarcinomas (CCs), the second most common primary malignant liver tumours, usually occur in non-cirrhotic liver, and can be classified into three types based on gross morphology: mass-forming; periductal infiltrating; and intraductal growing. Among them, mass-forming intrahepatic CCs are the most common type and characterized by homogeneous mass with an irregular but well-defined margin with peripheral enhancement on late arterial phase and delayed enhancement in central portion of tumours corresponding to the fibrous stroma. Several imaging features such as enhancement pattern and degree of diffusion restriction have been suggested as prognostic markers for mass-forming CCs. Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) are the most common primary malignant liver tumors, and usually arise from the cirrhotic liver. However, approximately 20% of HCCs involve the non-cirrhotic liver (hereafter, non-cirrhotic HCC), and non-cirrhotic HCCs are often detected at an advanced stage due to the lack of surveillance for patients with non-cirrhotic liver. Other primary malignant liver tumours other than CCs and HCCs including angiosarcoma, undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma are quite rare, and imaging diagnosis is often difficult. This review offers a brief overview of epidemiology, risk factors and imaging features of primary malignant tumours in non-cirrhotic liver. Understanding of radiologic appearance and predisposing clinical features as well as differentials of primary malignant tumour in non-cirrhotic liver can be helpful for radiologists to adequately assess these tumours, and subsequently to make optimal management plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Republic of Korea.
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Viseshakul N, Dechkhajorn W, Benjathummarak S, Nuamtanong S, Maneerat Y. Excretory-secretory product of third-stage Gnathostoma spinigerum larvae induces apoptosis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:2783-2794. [PMID: 28836111 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human gnathostomiasis caused by third-stage Gnathostoma spinigerum larvae (G. spinigerum L3) is an important zoonotic disease in tropical areas of the world. The excretory-secretory products (ES) that are excreted by infective larva play a significant role in host immune evasion and tissue destruction. To investigate the poorly understood mechanisms of G. spinigerum L3 pathogenesis, we focused on the potential effect of ES on inducing apoptosis in human immune cells by using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as a model. Early and late apoptosis of PBMCs were assessed following the exposure of these cells to G. spinigerum L3 ES (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 μg/ml) for 6-48 h. The apoptotic cells were identified by flow cytometric staining of PBMC with FITC-annexin V and propidium iodide. The expression of regulatory genes related to apoptosis mechanisms in ES-treated PBMCs was investigated using a Human Apoptosis RT2 Profiler™ PCR Array. The results showed significant levels of early phase apoptosis at 18 h and of late phase apoptosis at 24 h. We speculate that this apoptosis in PBMCs occurs via the extrinsic pathway. Apoptosis in the ES-induced PBMCs was observed as quickly as 90 min after exposure, and the highest effect was observed at 18-24 h. Furthermore, ES can trigger apoptosis lasting for 48 h. Our findings expand the understanding of one of the mechanisms involved, immune-evasive strategy mechanism used by G. spinigerum larvae during human gnathostomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nareerat Viseshakul
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wilanee Dechkhajorn
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Surachet Benjathummarak
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Research, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Nuamtanong
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Yaowapa Maneerat
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Maksimova GA, Pakharukova MY, Kashina EV, Zhukova NA, Kovner AV, Lvova MN, Katokhin AV, Tolstikova TG, Sripa B, Mordvinov VA. Effect of Opisthorchis felineus infection and dimethylnitrosamine administration on the induction of cholangiocarcinoma in Syrian hamsters. Parasitol Int 2017; 66:458-463. [PMID: 26453019 PMCID: PMC4956575 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The food-borne liver trematode Opisthorchis felineus is an emerging source of biliary tract diseases on the territory of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. This parasite along with trematodes Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis belong to the triad of epidemiologically important liver flukes of the Opisthorchiidae family. It is known that O. viverrini and C. sinensis are the main risk factors of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in the endemic regions. The carcinogenic potential of O. felineus has not been well researched because of the absence of systematic pathomorphological, clinical, and epidemiological studies on O. felineus opisthorchiasis. In the present study, we show the results of detailed histopathological analysis and comprehensive evaluation of inflammation, bile duct dysplasia, periductal fibrosis, bile duct hyperplasia, bile duct proliferation, egg granuloma, cysts, cholangiofibrosis, and CCA from 10 to 30 weeks following infection of Syrian hamsters with O. felineus accompanied by oral administration of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN). The results revealed that O. felineus contributes to bile duct cancer development in the hamster model. During the combined action of O. felineus and DMN, morphological features of the liver underwent dramatic changes at the cellular and organ levels. Already in the early stages of the experiment, we observed extensive periductal fibrosis, active inflammation, proliferation of the bile duct, bile duct dysplasia and egg granulomas. Later, against the background of all these changes, cholangiofibrosis and CCA were found. Our work is the first step in the study of carcinogenic potential of O. felineus . Obtained data indicate the risk of CCA of patients having chronic O. felineus opisthorchiasis, and underscore the need for the development of programs for control of this helminthiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina A Maksimova
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria Y Pakharukova
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Elena V Kashina
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalya A Zhukova
- Laboratory of Physiologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna V Kovner
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria N Lvova
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexey V Katokhin
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana G Tolstikova
- Laboratory of Physiologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Viatcheslav A Mordvinov
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Drugs Metabolism, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tymakov str., 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Sripa B, Echaubard P. Prospects and Challenges towards Sustainable Liver Fluke Control. Trends Parasitol 2017; 33:799-812. [PMID: 28754415 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov) is endemic in Southeast Asia where more than 10 million people are estimated to be infected. The infection is associated with several hepatobiliary diseases, including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Northeast Thailand is a hotspot for Ov transmission, and, despite extensive public health prevention campaigns led by the government, the prevalence of Ov infection is still high. High infection rates result from cultural and ecological complexities where wet-rice agrarian habitats, centuries-old raw-food culture, and the parasite's complex biology combine to create an ideal transmission arena. Here we review the state of our knowledge regarding the social-ecological determinants underlying Ov transmission. We also describe an integrative research rationale for liver fluke control better aligned with sustainable health development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banchob Sripa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Pierre Echaubard
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Global Health Asia Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
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Hashizume H, Sato M, Sato MO, Ikeda S, Yoonuan T, Sanguankiat S, Pongvongsa T, Moji K, Minamoto T. Application of environmental DNA analysis for the detection of Opisthorchis viverrini DNA in water samples. Acta Trop 2017; 169:1-7. [PMID: 28108370 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Opisthorchiasis, which can lead to cholangiocarcinoma in cases of chronic infection, is a major public health problem in Southeast Asian countries. The trematode, Opisthorchis viverrini, is the causative agent of the disease. Accurate and rapid monitoring of O. viverrini is crucial for disease prevention and containment. Therefore, in this study we sought to develop a novel species-specific real-time PCR assay for detecting O. viverrini using environmental DNA (eDNA). The diagnostic sensitivity of the newly developed real-time PCR assay was similar to that of the traditional PCR assay for 50 fecal samples collected in Lao PDR (21 and 19 samples were positive by real-time PCR and traditional PCR, respectively). The efficacy of eDNA analysis and its applicability in the field were tested using a total of 94 environmental water samples collected from 44 sites in Savannakhet, Lao PDR during May and October 2015 and February 2016. O. viverrini eDNA was detected in five samples by real-time PCR, indicating the presence of the fluke in the area and the risk of infection for individuals consuming fish from these water sources. The application of eDNA analysis would facilitate the identification of O. viverrini endemic hotspots and contribute to the ecological control of opisthorchiasis, and this strategy can be applied to other eukaryotic water pathogens.
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[Control of Opisthorchis viverrini infection for cholangiocarcinoma prevention]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 110:61-67. [PMID: 28105582 DOI: 10.1007/s13149-017-0544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified two liver flukes as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1): Opisthorchis viverrini in 1994 and Clonorchis sinensis in 2009. This review is focused on O. viverrini, the most studied of these two trematodes, which infects nearly 10 million people in Southeast Asia. The life cycle involves two intermediate hosts living in fresh water: a snail of the genus Bithynia and a ciprinid fish. The definitive hosts (human, cat, dog) become infected by ingesting raw fish containing metacercariae, the infective stage of the parasite. Adult flukes attach to the epithelium of the bile ducts where they feed for as long as 10 to 30 years, resulting in chronic inflammation, epithelial hyperplasia, periductal fibrosis and formation of granuloma. For a long asymptomatic, the distomatosis is revealed by a chronic cholangitis when the parasite load becomes high. Complications can occur with time: gallstones, cholangitis, liver abscess, pancreatitis and, after a few decades, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The epidemiological correlation between the prevalence of O. viverrini infection and the incidence of CCA has been demonstrated in the northeast of Thailand. Specifically, the Khon Kaen province has the highest incidence rate in the world. The CCA can develop asymptomatically for a long time, especially in intrahepatic locations. It is often discovered at a late stage, unresectable. Its prognosis is dreadful with a survival rate less than 5% at 5 years. The phenomenon of carcinogenesis induced by O. viverrini is multifactorial. It has been specially studied using experimental infection on the Syrian golden hamster. Three intricated mechanisms are involved: (i) the direct damage caused by adult worms on the bile duct epithelium, (ii) the immunopathologic processes related to chronic inflammation (oxidative stress) and (iii) the mitogenic and anti-apoptotic effects of the proteins secreted by the parasite. Exogenous cofactors are also involved, such as nitrosamines in fish-based dishes undercoocked or fermented, very popular in these endemic regions. Despite the effectiveness of praziquantel to successfully cure this distomatose, opisthorchiasis persists endemic in areas where the incidence of CCA tends to progress. Mass deworming campaigns are ineffective due to the frequency of reinfection in the exposed population. Repeating alternatively cures and reinfections may promote carcinogenesis. The failure of prevention programs reflects the difficulty of changing the traditional habits of consuming raw or fermented fish. Pending a vaccine prophylaxis, control strategies are based on integrated measures involving the treatment of reservoir hosts, sanitation and efforts of continuing information and education to deter the consumption of uncooked fish and to improve the sanitation in rural areas.
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The Importance of Imaging Techniques in the Assessment of Biliary Tract Cancer. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2017; 43:201-208. [PMID: 30595876 PMCID: PMC6284837 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.43.03.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer is reported to be uncommon among most countries in Europe. On the other hand, higher incidence values were recorded in Southeast Asia due to various local hepatobiliary flukes and other risk factors. The malignant process can develop anywhere along the biliary tract and it can be divided into three different types according to their anatomic location: cholangiocarcinoma, carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater and gallbladder cancer. The biggest problem that we are currently facing with this type of malignancy is that patients are usually diagnosed in late stages with few alternatives regarding therapy. Due to its silent, yet fatal evolution, clinicians require additional help from imaging techniques. Initial evaluation of the biliary tract is usually performed with the help of ultrasonography (US) which can determine if an additional imaging procedure will be required next for further evaluation. Some of these imaging techniques include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and MRI with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). The purpose of this Review is to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of various imaging procedures for the assessment in this type of malignancy.
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Lee SH, Park SW. [Inflammation and Cancer Development in Pancreatic and Biliary Tract Cancer]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2016; 66:325-39. [PMID: 26691190 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2015.66.6.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been known to be a risk for many kinds of cancers, including pancreatic and biliary tract cancer. Recently, inflammatory process has emerged as a key mediator of cancer development and progression. Many efforts with experimental results have been given to identify the underlying mechanisms that contribute to inflammation-induced tumorigenesis. Diverse inflammatory pathways have been investigated and inhibitors for inflammation-related signaling pathways have been developed for cancer treatment. This review will summarize recent outcomes about this distinctive process in pancreatic and biliary tract cancer. Taking this evidence into consideration, modulation of inflammatory process will provide useful options for pancreatic and biliary tract cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Pancreatobiliary Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Woo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Pancreatobiliary Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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