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Minciuna I, Taru MG, Procopet B, Stefanescu H. The Interplay between Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells, Platelets, and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Development and Progression of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1406. [PMID: 38592258 PMCID: PMC10932189 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents a societal burden due to the lack of effective treatment and incomplete pathophysiology understanding. This review explores the intricate connections among liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), platelets, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and coagulation disruptions in MASLD pathogenesis. In MASLD's early stages, LSECs undergo capillarization and dysfunction due to excessive dietary macronutrients and gut-derived products. Capillarization leads to ischemic changes in hepatocytes, triggering pro-inflammatory responses in Kupffer cells (KCs) and activating hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Capillarized LSECs show a pro-inflammatory phenotype through adhesion molecule overexpression, autophagy loss, and increased cytokines production. Platelet interaction favors leucocyte recruitment, NETs formation, and liver inflammatory foci. Liver fibrosis is facilitated by reduced nitric oxide, HSC activation, profibrogenic mediators, and increased angiogenesis. Moreover, platelet attachment, activation, α-granule cargo release, and NETs formation contribute to MASLD progression. Platelets foster fibrosis and microthrombosis, leading to parenchymal extinction and fibrotic healing. Additionally, platelets promote tumor growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and tumor cell metastasis. MASLD's prothrombotic features are exacerbated by insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity, manifesting as increased von Willebrand factor, platelet hyperaggregability, hypo-fibrinolysis, and a prothrombotic fibrin clot structure. Improving LSEC health and using antiplatelet treatment appear promising for preventing MASLD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Minciuna
- Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor”, 400394 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (H.S.)
- Deaprtment IV, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Madalina Gabriela Taru
- Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor”, 400394 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (H.S.)
- Deaprtment IV, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Procopet
- Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor”, 400394 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (H.S.)
- Deaprtment IV, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Horia Stefanescu
- Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor”, 400394 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (H.S.)
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Gharbia S, Nazarie SR, Dinescu S, Balta C, Herman H, Peteu VE, Gherghiceanu M, Hermenean A, Costache M. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) Supplemented with Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) Attenuate Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Liver Fibrosis by Inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway in Chemical-Induced Liver Fibrosis Associated with Diabetes. Cells 2022; 11:3338. [PMID: 36359733 PMCID: PMC9653841 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis can develop on the background of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. However, xenobiotic-related factors may accelerate diabetes-associated liver fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to assess the antfibrotic effect of ADSC and HGF therapy and to establish the cellular and molecular mechanisms through in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro, TGF-β1-activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were cocultured with ADSCs or HGF, and the expression of several fibrosis markers was investigated. The antifibrotic effect of the ADSCs, HGF, and ADSCs supplemented with HGF was further assessed in vivo on diabetic mice with liver fibrosis experimentally induced. In vitro results showed the inhibition of HSC proliferation and decrease in fibrogenesis markers. Coadministration of ADSCs and HGF on diabetic mice with liver fibrosis enhanced antifibrotic effects confirmed by the downregulation of Col I, α-SMA, TGF-β1, and Smad2, while Smad7 was upregulated. Moreover, stem cell therapy supplemented with HGF considerably attenuated inflammation and microvesicular steatosis, decreased collagen deposits, and alleviated liver fibrosis. In conclusion, the HGF-based ADSC therapy might be of interest for the treatment of liver fibrosis in diabetic patients, consecutive aggression exerts by different environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Gharbia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Simona-Rebeca Nazarie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorina Dinescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cornel Balta
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Hildegard Herman
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | | | - Mihaela Gherghiceanu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Hermenean
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
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Mukherjee P, Fukuda S, Lukmanto D, Yamashita T, Okada K, Makita S, Abd El-Sadek I, Miyazawa A, Zhu L, Morishita R, Lichtenegger A, Oshika T, Yasuno Y. Label-free metabolic imaging of non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease (NAFLD) liver by volumetric dynamic optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:4071-4086. [PMID: 35991915 PMCID: PMC9352293 DOI: 10.1364/boe.461433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Label-free metabolic imaging of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mouse liver is demonstrated ex vivo by dynamic optical coherence tomography (OCT). The NAFLD mouse is a methionine choline-deficient (MCD)-diet model, and two mice fed the MCD diet for 1 and 2 weeks are involved in addition to a normal-diet mouse. The dynamic OCT is based on repeating raster scan and logarithmic intensity variance (LIV) analysis that enables volumetric metabolic imaging with a standard-speed (50,000 A-lines/s) OCT system. Metabolic domains associated with lipid droplet accumulation and inflammation are clearly visualized three-dimensionally. Particularly, the normal-diet liver exhibits highly metabolic vessel-like structures of peri-vascular hepatic zones. The 1-week MCD-diet liver shows ring-shaped highly metabolic structures formed with lipid droplets. The 2-week MCD-diet liver exhibits fragmented vessel-like structures associated with inflammation. These results imply that volumetric LIV imaging is useful for visualizing and assessing NAFLD abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Mukherjee
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinichi Fukuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Advanced Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Donny Lukmanto
- Department of Advanced Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Yamashita
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kosuke Okada
- Division of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ibrahim Abd El-Sadek
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, 34517 New Damietta City, Damietta, Egypt
| | | | - Lida Zhu
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rion Morishita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Antonia Lichtenegger
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Tetsuro Oshika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Pouresmaeil V, Ebre S, Yazdi MS. Assessment of the Relationship Between CD34 Antigen and Vitamin D Level and Insulin Resistance in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Clin Diabetes 2022; 40:425-433. [PMID: 36385969 PMCID: PMC9606555 DOI: 10.2337/cd21-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes causes disorders in the performance of endothelial progenitor cells, and obesity and vitamin D deficiency are associated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. This case-control study investigated the relationship between serum CD34 antigen and vitamin D levels and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. The results showed that CD34 has a significant inverse relationship with BMI, A1C, fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, and insulin levels and has a significant direct relationship with vitamin D levels. Both CD34 and vitamin D were found to be significantly associated with type 2 diabetes. The association between reduced CD34 and vitamin D levels with type 2 diabetes and increased insulin resistance suggests that these parameters may be helpful in assessing diabetes and predicting its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Pouresmaeil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
- Innovative Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shaker Ebre
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sarafraz Yazdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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Inositol hexanicotinate self-micelle solid dispersion is an efficient drug delivery system in the mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120576. [PMID: 33839223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inositol hexanicotinate (IHN) self-micelle solid dispersion (SD) with glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and arabic gum (AG) was prepared by mechanical ball milling process to improve the solubility, stability of amorphous state, and bioavailability of IHN, which enhanced the treatment of IHN on hyperlipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The physicochemical properties of IHN/GA/AG SDs in solid state were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction studies, and scanning electron microscopy. The characteristics of the sample solutions were analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC, particle characterization, critical micelle concentration, and transmission electron microscopy. Further pharmacokinetic study of this SD formulation in rats showed a significant 3.3-fold increase in bioavailability compared to pure IHN. Moreover, biomarkers in serum and liver of NAFLD mice were significantly ameliorated after oral administration of IHN/GA/AG SDs for 15 days. Altogether, these results establish the mechanochemically prepared IHN/GA/AG SDs as an efficacious formulation for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and NAFLD.
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Wang XK, Peng ZG. Targeting Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells: An Attractive Therapeutic Strategy to Control Inflammation in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:655557. [PMID: 33935770 PMCID: PMC8082362 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.655557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), especially its advanced stage nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has become a threatened public health problem worldwide. However, no specific drug has been approved for clinical use to treat patients with NASH, though there are many promising candidates against NAFLD in the drug development pipeline. Recently, accumulated evidence showed that liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) play an essential role in the occurrence and development of liver inflammation in patients with NAFLD. LSECs, as highly specialized endothelial cells with unique structure and anatomical location, contribute to the maintenance of liver homeostasis and could be a promising therapeutic target to control liver inflammation of NAFLD. In this review, we outline the pathophysiological roles of LSECs related to inflammation of NAFLD, highlight the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of LSECs, and discuss the potential drug development strategies against NAFLD based on targeting to LSECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Kai Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zong-Gen Peng
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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7
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Ipsen DH, Tveden-Nyborg P. Extracellular Vesicles as Drivers of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Small Particles with Big Impact. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010093. [PMID: 33477873 PMCID: PMC7832840 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the leading chronic liver disease, negatively affecting the lives of millions of patients worldwide. The complex pathogenesis involves crosstalk between multiple cellular networks, but how the intricate communication between these cells drives disease progression remains to be further elucidated. Furthermore, the disease is not limited to the liver and includes the reprogramming of distant cell populations in different organs. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained increased attention as mediators of cellular communication. EVs carry specific cargos that can act as disease-specific signals both locally and systemically. Focusing on NAFLD advancing to steatohepatitis (NASH), this review provides an update on current experimental and clinical findings of the potential role of EVs in hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, the main contributors to progressive NASH. Particular attention is placed on the characteristics of EV cargos and potential specificity to disease stages, with putative value as disease markers and treatment targets for future investigations.
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8
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Development of a pancreas-liver organ-on-chip coculture model for organ-to-organ interaction studies. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Moon J, Kong E, Lee J, Jung J, Kim E, Park SB, Kim P. Intravital longitudinal imaging of hepatic lipid droplet accumulation in a murine model for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:5132-5146. [PMID: 33014604 PMCID: PMC7510864 DOI: 10.1364/boe.395890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a rapidly increasing chronic liver disorder worldwide accompanied by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and severe liver failure. Unfortunately, an effective treatment strategy for NAFLD has not yet been established, which has been hampered by the limited understanding of the pathophysiological drivers for NAFLD. To examine the unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, there is an increasing need for the direct in vivo observation of hepatic microenvironments over extended periods of time. In this work, using a custom-built intravital imaging system and a novel fluorescent lipid droplet labeling dye, Seoul-Fluor 44 (SF44), we established an intravital imaging method to visualize individual lipid droplets and microvasculature simultaneously in the liver of live mice in vivo. In addition, in the nonalcoholic steatosis and steatohepatitis mouse model induced by a methionine and choline-deficient diet, we longitudinally visualized and quantitatively analyzed the development of lipid droplets in hepatocytes and sinusoid at a subcellular resolution during the progression of NAFLD up to 21 days in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Moon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Eunji Kong
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Deahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jingu Lee
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jinjoo Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Eunha Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Seung Bum Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Pilhan Kim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Deahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
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Wilkinson AL, Qurashi M, Shetty S. The Role of Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells in the Axis of Inflammation and Cancer Within the Liver. Front Physiol 2020; 11:990. [PMID: 32982772 PMCID: PMC7485256 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) form a unique barrier between the liver sinusoids and the underlying parenchyma, and thus play a crucial role in maintaining metabolic and immune homeostasis, as well as actively contributing to disease pathophysiology. Whilst their endocytic and scavenging function is integral for nutrient exchange and clearance of waste products, their capillarisation and dysfunction precedes fibrogenesis. Furthermore, their ability to promote immune tolerance and recruit distinct immunosuppressive leukocyte subsets can allow persistence of chronic viral infections and facilitate tumour development. In this review, we present the immunological and barrier functions of LSEC, along with their role in orchestrating fibrotic processes which precede tumourigenesis. We also summarise the role of LSEC in modulating the tumour microenvironment, and promoting development of a pre-metastatic niche, which can drive formation of secondary liver tumours. Finally, we summarise closely inter-linked disease pathways which collectively perpetuate pathogenesis, highlighting LSEC as novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shishir Shetty
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Hammoutene A, Biquard L, Lasselin J, Kheloufi M, Tanguy M, Vion AC, Mérian J, Colnot N, Loyer X, Tedgui A, Codogno P, Lotersztajn S, Paradis V, Boulanger CM, Rautou PE. A defect in endothelial autophagy occurs in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and promotes inflammation and fibrosis. J Hepatol 2020; 72:528-538. [PMID: 31726115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Previous studies demonstrated that autophagy is protective in hepatocytes and macrophages, but detrimental in hepatic stellate cells in chronic liver diseases. The role of autophagy in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is unknown. Our aim was to analyze the potential implication of autophagy in LSECs in NASH and liver fibrosis. METHODS We analyzed autophagy in LSECs from patients using transmission electron microscopy. We determined the consequences of a deficiency in autophagy: (a) on LSEC phenotype, using primary LSECs and an LSEC line; (b) on early stages of NASH and on advanced stages of liver fibrosis, using transgenic mice deficient in autophagy specifically in endothelial cells and fed a high-fat diet or chronically treated with carbon tetrachloride, respectively. RESULTS Patients with NASH had half as many LSECs containing autophagic vacuoles as patients without liver histological abnormalities, or with simple steatosis. LSECs from mice deficient in endothelial autophagy displayed an upregulation of genes implicated in inflammatory pathways. In the LSEC line, deficiency in autophagy enhanced inflammation (Ccl2, Ccl5, Il6 and VCAM-1 expression), features of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (α-Sma, Tgfb1, Col1a2 expression) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3). In mice fed a high-fat diet, deficiency in endothelial autophagy induced liver expression of inflammatory markers (Ccl2, Ccl5, Cd68, Vcam-1), liver cell apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3) and perisinusoidal fibrosis. Mice deficient in endothelial autophagy treated with carbon tetrachloride also developed more perisinusoidal fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS A defect in autophagy in LSECs occurs in patients with NASH. Deficiency in endothelial autophagy promotes the development of liver inflammation, features of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis and liver fibrosis in the early stages of NASH, but also favors more advanced stages of liver fibrosis. LAY SUMMARY Autophagy is a physiological process controlling endothelial homeostasis in vascular beds outside the liver. This study demonstrates that autophagy is defective in the liver endothelial cells of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. This defect promotes liver inflammation and fibrosis at early stages of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, but also at advanced stages of chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Hammoutene
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75015, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Inserm, U1149, CNRS, ERL8252, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Louise Biquard
- Université de Paris, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Inserm, U1149, CNRS, ERL8252, F-75018, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Marion Tanguy
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75015, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Inserm, U1149, CNRS, ERL8252, F-75018, Paris, France
| | | | - Jules Mérian
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Colnot
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Xavier Loyer
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Alain Tedgui
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Codogno
- Université de Paris, INEM, INSERM, F-75014, Paris, France; CNRS UMR-8253, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Lotersztajn
- Université de Paris, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Inserm, U1149, CNRS, ERL8252, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Université de Paris, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Inserm, U1149, CNRS, ERL8252, F-75018, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | | | - Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75015, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Inserm, U1149, CNRS, ERL8252, F-75018, Paris, France; Service d'Hépatologie, DHU Unity, DMU Digest, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, Clichy, France; Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires du Foie, French Network for Rare Liver Diseases (FILFOIE), European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER).
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Obesity-Induced Upregulation of ZBTB7A Promotes Lipid Accumulation through SREBP1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4087928. [PMID: 31998789 PMCID: PMC6973189 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4087928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is among the most common chronic liver diseases. However, the pathogenesis of NAFLD is not still unclear. This study aims at evaluating the role of zinc finger and BTB domain-containing 7A (ZBTB7A) in NAFLD. Methods Western blotting, real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry were submitted to evaluate the level of ZBTB7A in the high fatty diet- (HFD-) induced NAFLD mouse model. In vitro, the expression of ZBTB7A was assessed in oleic acid- (OA-) induced HepG2 cells with western blotting and RT-PCR. The luciferase reporter assay was used to estimate the effect of ZBTB7A on the SREBP1 and NF-κB, and the ChIP assay was subjected to evaluate the direct binding to the SREBP1 promoter. Oil Red staining was used to detect lipid accumulation, and the ELISA was used to verify the levels of TG, T-CHO, and MDA. ZBTB7A was knocked down with siRNA, and RT-PCR was performed to analyze the lipogenesis-, fatty acid transporter-, and oxidation metabolism-related genes expression. The levels of ZBTB7A in primary hepatocyte, Kupffer, and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were tested by RT-PCR. Results The upregulation of ZBTB7A expression was assessed in NAFLD mice, and ZBTB7A expression was positively correlated with TNFα, IL-6, TG, T-CHO, and MDA. ZBTB7A was highly expressed in the hepatocytes. In vitro, OA-induced ZBTB7A expression and ZBTB7A expression were closely associated with SREBP1c. ZBTB7A could activate the promoter activity of SREBP1 and activate NF-κB activity. Interestingly, the direct binding of ZBTB7A in the SREBP1 promoter was acquired in HepG2 cells. Inhibition of ZBTB7A expression could attenuate OA-induced lipid accumulation, inhibit the expression of the lipogenesis-related genes and fatty acid transporter genes, and promote the expression of oxidation metabolism-related genes. Conclusion ZBTB7A plays a significant role in the development process of NAFLD, and obesity-induced upregulation of ZBTB7A promotes lipid accumulation through activation of SREBP1 and NF-κB. ZBTB7A may be a potential novel target for the therapy of NAFLD.
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Bartucci R, Salvati A, Olinga P, Boersma YL. Vanin 1: Its Physiological Function and Role in Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3891. [PMID: 31404995 PMCID: PMC6719204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme vascular non-inflammatory molecule-1 (vanin 1) is highly expressed at gene and protein level in many organs, such as the liver, intestine, and kidney. Its major function is related to its pantetheinase activity; vanin 1 breaks down pantetheine in cysteamine and pantothenic acid, a precursor of coenzyme A. Indeed, its physiological role seems strictly related to coenzyme A metabolism, lipid metabolism, and energy production. In recent years, many studies have elucidated the role of vanin 1 under physiological conditions in relation to oxidative stress and inflammation. Vanin's enzymatic activity was found to be of key importance in certain diseases, either for its protective effect or as a sensitizer, depending on the diseased organ. In this review, we discuss the role of vanin 1 in the liver, kidney, intestine, and lung under physiological as well as pathophysiological conditions. Thus, we provide a more complete understanding and overview of its complex function and contribution to some specific pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bartucci
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Division of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Salvati
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Olinga
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ykelien L Boersma
- Division of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Hammoutene A, Rautou PE. Role of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2019; 70:1278-1291. [PMID: 30797053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its complications are an expanding health problem associated with the metabolic syndrome. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are highly specialized endothelial cells localized at the interface between the blood derived from the gut and the adipose tissue on the one side, and other liver cells on the other side. In physiological conditions, LSECs are gatekeepers of liver homeostasis. LSECs display anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrogenic properties by preventing Kupffer cell and hepatic stellate cell activation and regulating intrahepatic vascular resistance and portal pressure. This review focusses on changes occurring in LSECs in NAFLD and on their consequences on NAFLD progression and complications. Capillarization, namely the loss of LSEC fenestrae, and LSEC dysfunction, namely the loss of the ability of LSECs to generate vasodilator agents in response to increased shear stress both occur early in NAFLD. These LSEC changes favour steatosis development and set the stage for NAFLD progression. At the stage of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, altered LSECs release inflammatory mediators and contribute to the recruitment of inflammatory cells, thus promoting liver injury and inflammation. Altered LSECs also fail to maintain hepatic stellate cell quiescence and release fibrogenic mediators, including Hedgehog signalling molecules, promoting liver fibrosis. Liver angiogenesis is increased in NAFLD and contributes to liver inflammation and fibrosis, but also to hepatocellular carcinoma development. Thus, improving LSEC health appears to be a promising approach to prevent NAFLD progression and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Hammoutene
- Inserm, UMR-970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, PARCC, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou
- Inserm, UMR-970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, PARCC, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Service d'Hépatologie, Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires du Foie, DHU Unity, Pôle des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, Clichy, France.
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15
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Lefere S, Van de Velde F, Hoorens A, Raevens S, Van Campenhout S, Vandierendonck A, Neyt S, Vandeghinste B, Vanhove C, Debbaut C, Verhelst X, Van Dorpe J, Van Steenkiste C, Casteleyn C, Lapauw B, Van Vlierberghe H, Geerts A, Devisscher L. Angiopoietin-2 Promotes Pathological Angiogenesis and Is a Therapeutic Target in Murine Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Hepatology 2019; 69:1087-1104. [PMID: 30259536 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis contributes to the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and promotes inflammation, fibrosis, and progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) is a key regulator of angiogenesis. We aimed to investigate the role of Ang-2 and its potential as a therapeutic target in NASH using human samples, in vivo mouse models, and in vitro assays. Serum Ang-2 levels were determined in 104 obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery and concomitant liver biopsy. The effect of the Ang-2/Tie2 receptor inhibiting peptibody L1-10 was evaluated in the methionine-choline deficient (MCD) and streptozotocin-western diet nonalcoholic fatty liver disease mouse models, and in vitro on endothelial cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages. The hepatic vasculature was visualized with µCT scans and scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts. Serum Ang-2 levels were increased in patients with histological NASH compared with patients with simple steatosis and correlated with hepatic CD34 immunoreactivity as a marker of hepatic angiogenesis. Serum and hepatic Ang-2 levels were similarly increased in mice with steatohepatitis. Both preventive and therapeutic L1-10 treatment reduced hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis in MCD diet-fed mice and was associated with reduced hepatic angiogenesis and normalization of the vascular micro-architecture. Liver-isolated endothelial cells and monocytes from MCD-fed L1-10-treated mice showed reduced expression of leukocyte adhesion and inflammatory markers, respectively, compared with cells from untreated MCD diet-fed mice. In the streptozotocin-western diet model, therapeutic Ang-2 inhibition was able to reverse NASH and attenuate HCC progression. In vitro, L1-10 treatment mitigated increased cytokine production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated endothelial cells but not in macrophages. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence for Ang-2 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to target pathological angiogenesis in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Lefere
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Anne Hoorens
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Raevens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sanne Van Campenhout
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Astrid Vandierendonck
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Christian Vanhove
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Debbaut
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Verhelst
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Dorpe
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van Steenkiste
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Casteleyn
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Applied Veterinary Morphology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Bruno Lapauw
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Van Vlierberghe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anja Geerts
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Shipovskaya AA, Dudanova OP, Kurbatova IV. The clinical significance of insulin resistance in non-diabetic patients with early forms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. TERAPEVT ARKH 2018; 90:63-68. [PMID: 30701940 DOI: 10.26442/terarkh201890863-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the presence of insulin resistance (IR) in non-diabetic patients with early forms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - liver steatosis (LS) and steatohepatitis (SH) of mild activity and the influence of IR on the clinical course of these diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS 134 patients with NAFLD were examined: 54 with LS and 80 with SH. The control group consisted of 37 healthy donors. Anthropometric parameters (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)), clinical and biochemical blood indices, including the blood level of cytokeratin-18 fragments (CK-18), TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines, insulin were evaluated. The HOMA index and the fibrosis index (NAFLD FS) were calculated. Patients were divided into groups: I - with the absence of IR (HOMA-index <2.7), II - with the presence of IR (HOMA-index> 2.7). RESULTS Indicators of hepatic injury, inflammation, cholestasis, fibrosis and atherogenic dyslipidemia are higher in patients with LS of group II (with IR) than in group I patients (without IR). BMI, WC, γ-glutamil transpeptidase, CK-18 and fibrosis index are significantly higher in group II patients with SH compared with group I, there is no significant difference in the level of cytolysis, inflammation and dyslipidemia indices. A high incidence of IR in non-diabetic patients with LS (37.0%) and SH (55.0%) was found and the effect of IR on the clinical course of these diseases was revealed. CONCLUSION Insulin resistance in non-diabetic patients with NAFLD was detected in SH (55.0%) with higher frequency than in LS (37.0%). In LS, IR is associated with impaired hepatic cell damage, intrahepatic cholestasis, atherogenic dyslipidemia and fibrosis. In SH, IR is combined with reliable growth in indicators of hepatocyte apoptosis, cytokine proinflammatory status and fibrosis. IR determines the progressing course of NAFLD, promoting the transformation of steatosis into steatohepatitis and steatohepatitis into fibrosis and liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Shipovskaya
- Petrozavodsk State University, Institute of Medicine, Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases and Hygiene, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - O P Dudanova
- Petrozavodsk State University, Institute of Medicine, Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases and Hygiene, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - I V Kurbatova
- The Institute of Biology - a separate subdivision of Karelian Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
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17
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Alizai PH, Bertram L, Kroy D, Kummer J, Andert A, Neumann UP, Ulmer TF, Fragoulis A. Expression of VEGFR-2 during Liver Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy in a Bioluminescence Mouse Model. Eur Surg Res 2017; 58:330-340. [PMID: 29073598 DOI: 10.1159/000479628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver regeneration requires the formation of new blood vessels. Endothelial cell proliferation is stimulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase VEGFR-2. The aim of this study was to investigate VEGFR-2 expression in vivo during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PHx). METHODS Transgenic VEGFR-2-luc mice were used in which the luciferase reporter gene was under control of the VEGFR-2 promoter. Following 2/3 PHx, the mice underwent in vivo bioluminescence imaging until the 14th postoperative day. Additionally, liver tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, in vitro luminescence assays, and quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS In vivo bioluminescence imaging showed a significant increase in VEGFR-2 promoter activity after PHx. Maximum signal was recorded on the 3rd day; 8 days postoperatively the signal intensity decreased significantly. On the 14th day, bioluminescence signal reached almost baseline levels. Immunohistochemistry, quantitative RT-PCR, and in vitro luminescence confirmed a significant increase on the 3rd day following resection. The mRNA expression of VEGFR-2 was significantly higher on day 3 than preoperatively as well as on day 8. CONCLUSION In vivo bioluminescence imaging with transgenic VEGFR-2-luc mice is feasible and provides a convenient model for noninvasively studying VEGFR-2 expression during liver regeneration. This may facilitate further experiments with modulation of angiogenesis by different substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Hamid Alizai
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lea Bertram
- Department of Surgery, Luisenhospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniela Kroy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolic Disorders, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Kummer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Vivantes Clinic Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Andert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf Peter Neumann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Florian Ulmer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Athanassious Fragoulis
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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18
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Namisaki T, Moriya K, Kitade M, Takeda K, Kaji K, Okura Y, Shimozato N, Sato S, Nishimura N, Seki K, Kawaratani H, Takaya H, Sawada Y, Akahane T, Saikawa S, Nakanishi K, Kubo T, Furukawa M, Noguchi R, Asada K, Kitagawa K, Ozutsumi T, Tsuji Y, Kaya D, Fujinaga Y, Yoshiji H. Effect of combined farnesoid X receptor agonist and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker on hepatic fibrosis. Hepatol Commun 2017; 1:928-945. [PMID: 29404501 PMCID: PMC5721465 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, a bile acid‐activated nuclear receptor, has been shown to improve the histologic features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); however, a satisfactory effect on hepatic fibrosis has not been achieved. We aimed to investigate the combined effect of FXR agonist and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker on hepatic fibrogenesis in rat models of NASH. For 8 weeks, two rat models of NASH were developed. Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were administered intraperitoneal injections of 1 mL/kg pig serum (PS) twice a week, whereas Fischer‐344 rats were fed a choline‐deficient, L‐amino acid‐defined diet (CDAA). The in vitro and in vivo effects of an FXR agonist (INT747) and an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (losartan) on hepatic fibrogenesis were evaluated. In PS‐administered OLETF rats, INT747 and losartan had potent inhibitory effects on hepatic fibrogenesis with suppression of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and expression of transforming growth factor β1 and toll‐like receptor 4. INT747 decreased intestinal permeability by ameliorating zonula occuludens‐1 disruption, whereas losartan directly suppressed activated‐HSC (Ac‐HSC) regulation. The in vitro inhibitory effects of INT747 and losartan on messenger RNA expressions of transforming growth factor β1, toll‐like receptor 4, and myeloid differentiation factor 88 and phosphorylation of nuclear factor‐κB and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 in Ac‐HSC were almost in parallel. Losartan directly inhibited the regulation of Ac‐HSC. Likewise, INT747 in combination with losartan was beneficial on hepatic fibrogenesis in rats fed with CDAA diet. The therapeutic effects of these agents were almost comparable between PS‐administered OLETF and CDAA‐treated rats. Conclusion: INT747 and losartan synergistically suppressed hepatic fibrogenesis by reversing gut barrier dysfunction and inhibiting Ac‐HSC proliferation. Combined therapy may represent a promising novel approach for NASH. (Hepatology Communications 2017;1:928–945)
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Namisaki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Kei Moriya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Kitade
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Kosuke Takeda
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Kosuke Kaji
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Yasushi Okura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Naotaka Shimozato
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Norihisa Nishimura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Kenichiro Seki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Hideto Kawaratani
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takaya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sawada
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Takemi Akahane
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Soichiro Saikawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakanishi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Takuya Kubo
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Masanori Furukawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Ryuichi Noguchi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Asada
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Koh Kitagawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Takahiro Ozutsumi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Yuki Tsuji
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Daisuke Kaya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Yukihisa Fujinaga
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshiji
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Nara Medical University Kashihara Japan
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Serum vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 predicts significant liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1207-1213. [PMID: 28461687 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and is strongly associated with obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. NAFLD often presents as simple steatosis (NAFL) but can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. Current non-invasive biomarkers are not tailored to identify significant (⩾F2) fibrosis, although recent guidelines recommend a stringent follow-up of this patient population. We and others have reported on the role of pathological angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, highlighting pro-angiogenic factors as potential diagnostic markers. OBJECTIVE To investigate the applicability of angiogenic and endothelial dysfunction markers as non-invasive diagnostic tools for NASH or NASH-associated fibrosis in obese patients. METHODS In a prospective cross-sectional study, male patients undergoing bariatric surgery (n=61) and control patients (n=35) were recruited. Serum protein levels and visceral adipose tissue gene expression of endothelial dysfunction and angiogenic markers were analyzed by multiplex bead-based assay and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. For validation, we recruited a second cohort of patients undergoing bariatric surgery (n=40) and a cohort of NAFLD patients from our outpatient clinic (n=30). RESULTS We identified serum vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) as an independent predictor for ⩾F2 fibrosis (median 14.0 vs 8.7 ng ml-1 in patients with and without significant fibrosis; P<0.0001) with an area under the receiver-operating characteristics (AUROC) curve of 0.80. The cutoff point of 13.2 ng ml-1 showed a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 83%. In line with these results, VCAM-1 visceral adipose tissue gene expression was also elevated in patients with fibrosis (P=0.030). In the bariatric surgery and clinical validation cohorts, VCAM-1 displayed similar AUROCs of 0.89 and 0.85, respectively. CONCLUSIONS VCAM-1 levels are able to accurately predict significant (⩾F2) fibrosis in NAFLD patients.
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Kakehashi A, Stefanov VE, Ishii N, Okuno T, Fujii H, Kawai K, Kawada N, Wanibuchi H. Proteome Characteristics of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Liver Tissue and Associated Hepatocellular Carcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020434. [PMID: 28218651 PMCID: PMC5343968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To uncover mechanisms of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) associated hepatocarcinogenesis, we compared the proteomes of human NASH-associated liver biopsies, resected hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and HCCs of HCV⁺ patients with normal liver tissue of patients with gastrointestinal tumor metastasis, in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples obtained after surgery in our hospital during the period from 2006 to 2011. In addition, proteome analysis of liver tumors in male STAM NASH-model mice was performed. Similar changes in the proteome spectrum such as overexpression of enzymes involved in lipid, cholesterol and bile acid biosynthesis and examples associated with suppression of fatty acid oxidation and catabolism, alcohol metabolism, mitochondrial function as well as low expression levels of cytokeratins 8 and 18 were observed in both human NASH biopsies and NASH HCCs, but not HCV⁺ HCCs. Alterations in downstream protein expression pointed to significant activation of transforming growth factor β, SMAD family member 3, β-catenin, Nrf2, SREBP-LXRα and nuclear receptor-interacting protein 1 (NRIP1), and inhibition of PPARs and p53 in human NASH biopsies and/or HCCs, suggesting their involvement in accumulation of lipids, development of fibrosis, oxidative stress, cell proliferation and suppression of apoptosis in NASH hepatocarcinogenesis. In STAM mice, PPARs inhibition was not obvious, while expression of cytokeratins 8 and 18 was elevated, indicative of essential differences between human and mouse NASH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kakehashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Vasily E Stefanov
- Department of Biochemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Naomi Ishii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Okuno
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of Hepatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Kawai
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of Hepatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Hideki Wanibuchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
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Papageorgiou MV, Hadziyannis E, Tiniakos D, Georgiou A, Margariti A, Kostas A, Papatheodoridis GV. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Ann Gastroenterol 2016; 30:209-216. [PMID: 28243042 PMCID: PMC5320034 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2016.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess the significance of serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods Sixty-seven consecutive NAFLD patients and 47 healthy controls who visited our liver clinics between May 2008 and December 2010 were included. The NAFLD diagnosis required elevated alanine aminotransferase and/or gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels, evidence of hepatic steatosis on ultrasound and/or liver histology, and exclusion of other causes of liver injury. Serum VEGF levels were determined by an enzyme immunoassay. Liver biopsy was obtained in 34 NAFLD patients. Histological lesions were scored by a liver histopathologist. Results Serum VEGF levels tended to be lower in matched NAFLD patients than in healthy controls (296±146 vs. 365±186 pg/mL, P=0.092); levels in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) also tended to be lower than in those with simple fatty liver (FL) (279±149 vs. 359±190 pg/mL, P=0.095); while VEGF levels were significantly lower in NASH patients than in healthy controls (279±149 vs. 365±186 pg/mL, P=0.041). VEGF levels offered poor predictability for the differentiation between NAFLD patients and controls or between NASH and FL patients. However, patients with high VEGF levels (≥300 pg/mL) were significantly more likely to have FL, either in the total NAFLD population (67% vs. 35%, P=0.019) or in the 34 NAFLD patients with liver biopsy (57% vs. 15%, P=0.023), while those with high VEGF levels also had a significantly lower mean fibrosis score (0.7±0.9 vs. 1.6±1.0, P=0.017). Conclusion Our data suggest that serum VEGF levels are equally high in healthy controls and in patients with simple fatty liver, but tend to decrease when NASH develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Vasiliki Papageorgiou
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital (Maria-Vasiliki Papageorgiou, Anastasia Georgiou, Athanasios Kostas, George V. Papatheodoridis)
| | - Emilia Hadziyannis
- 2nd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital (Emilia Hadziyannis, Aikaterini Margariti)
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- Laboratory of Histology & Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Dina Tiniakos), Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Georgiou
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital (Maria-Vasiliki Papageorgiou, Anastasia Georgiou, Athanasios Kostas, George V. Papatheodoridis)
| | - Aikaterini Margariti
- 2nd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital (Emilia Hadziyannis, Aikaterini Margariti)
| | - Athanasios Kostas
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital (Maria-Vasiliki Papageorgiou, Anastasia Georgiou, Athanasios Kostas, George V. Papatheodoridis)
| | - George V Papatheodoridis
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital (Maria-Vasiliki Papageorgiou, Anastasia Georgiou, Athanasios Kostas, George V. Papatheodoridis)
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Elkrief L, Rautou PE, Sarin S, Valla D, Paradis V, Moreau R. Diabetes mellitus in patients with cirrhosis: clinical implications and management. Liver Int 2016; 36:936-48. [PMID: 26972930 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of glucose metabolism, namely glucose intolerance and diabetes, are frequent in patients with chronic liver diseases. In patients with cirrhosis, diabetes can be either a classical type 2 diabetes mellitus or the so-called hepatogenous diabetes, i.e. a consequence of liver insufficiency and portal hypertension. This review article provides an overview of the possible pathophysiological mechanisms explaining diabetes in patients with cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is associated with portosystemic shunts as well as reduced hepatic mass, which can both impair insulin clearance by the liver, contributing to peripheral insulin resistance through insulin receptors down-regulation. Moreover, cirrhosis is associated with increased levels of advanced-glycation-end products and hypoxia-inducible-factors, which may play a role in the development of diabetes. This review also focuses on the clinical implications of diabetes in patients with cirrhosis. First, diabetes is an independent factor for poor prognosis in patients with cirrhosis. Specifically, diabetes is associated with the occurrence of major complications of cirrhosis, including ascites and renal dysfunction, hepatic encephalopathy and bacterial infections. Diabetes is also associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver diseases. Last, the management of patients with concurrent diabetes and liver disease is also addressed. Recent findings suggest a beneficial impact of metformin in patients with chronic liver diseases. Insulin is often required in patients with advanced cirrhosis. However, the favourable impact of controlling diabetes in patients with cirrhosis has not been demonstrated yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Elkrief
- Service de Gastroentérologie et Hépatologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Genève, Suisse
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou
- DHU UNITY, Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP, Clichy, France.,Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Inserm U970, Paris Research Cardiovascular Center, Paris, France
| | - Shiv Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dominique Valla
- DHU UNITY, Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP, Clichy, France.,Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Inserm U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation CRI, Clichy, France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Inserm U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation CRI, Clichy, France.,DHU UNITY, Pathology Department, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP, Clichy, France
| | - Richard Moreau
- DHU UNITY, Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP, Clichy, France.,Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Inserm U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation CRI, Clichy, France
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Elpek G&O. Angiogenesis and liver fibrosis. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:377-391. [PMID: 25848465 PMCID: PMC4381164 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i3.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent data indicate that hepatic angiogenesis, regardless of the etiology, takes place in chronic liver diseases (CLDs) that are characterized by inflammation and progressive fibrosis. Because anti-angiogenic therapy has been found to be efficient in the prevention of fibrosis in experimental models of CLDs, it is suggested that blocking angiogenesis could be a promising therapeutic option in patients with advanced fibrosis. Consequently, efforts are being directed to revealing the mechanisms involved in angiogenesis during the progression of liver fibrosis. Literature evidences indicate that hepatic angiogenesis and fibrosis are closely related in both clinical and experimental conditions. Hypoxia is a major inducer of angiogenesis together with inflammation and hepatic stellate cells. These profibrogenic cells stand at the intersection between inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrosis and play also a pivotal role in angiogenesis. This review mainly focuses to give a clear view on the relevant features that communicate angiogenesis with progression of fibrosis in CLDs towards the-end point of cirrhosis that may be translated into future therapies. The pathogenesis of hepatic angiogenesis associated with portal hypertension, viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease are also discussed to emphasize the various mechanisms involved in angiogenesis during liver fibrogenesis.
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Circulating extracellular vesicles with specific proteome and liver microRNAs are potential biomarkers for liver injury in experimental fatty liver disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113651. [PMID: 25470250 PMCID: PMC4254757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aim Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in both adult and children. Currently there are no reliable methods to determine disease severity, monitor disease progression, or efficacy of therapy, other than an invasive liver biopsy. Design Choline Deficient L-Amino Acid (CDAA) and high fat diets were used as physiologically relevant mouse models of NAFLD. Circulating extracellular vesicles were isolated, fully characterized by proteomics and molecular analyses and compared to control groups. Liver-related microRNAs were isolated from purified extracellular vesicles and liver specimens. Results We observed statistically significant differences in the level of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in liver and blood between two control groups and NAFLD animals. Time-course studies showed that EV levels increase early during disease development and reflect changes in liver histolopathology. EV levels correlated with hepatocyte cell death (r2 = 0.64, p<0.05), fibrosis (r2 = 0.66, p<0.05) and pathological angiogenesis (r2 = 0.71, p<0.05). Extensive characterization of blood EVs identified both microparticles (MPs) and exosomes (EXO) present in blood of NAFLD animals. Proteomic analysis of blood EVs detected various differentially expressed proteins in NAFLD versus control animals. Moreover, unsupervised hierarchical clustering identified a signature that allowed for discrimination between NAFLD and controls. Finally, the liver appears to be an important source of circulating EVs in NAFLD animals as evidenced by the enrichment in blood with miR-122 and 192 - two microRNAs previously described in chronic liver diseases, coupled with a corresponding decrease in expression of these microRNAs in the liver. Conclusions These findings suggest a potential for using specific circulating EVs as sensitive and specific biomarkers for the noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD.
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Luo XY, Zeng Z. Relationship between plasma renin-angiotensin system and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:4158-4163. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i36.4158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the relationship between plasma renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
METHODS: Three hundred and fifty hospitalized patients and outpatients who had complete medical records were collected and divided into two groups: a NAFLD group and a control group. NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal CT and clinical symptoms. Plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin I (Ang II), angiotensin II (Ang II), as well as serum biochemical parameters were measured. The association between those indexes and NAFLD was analyzed.
RESULTS: The concentrations of plasma RAS (including PRA, Ang I, and Ang II) in the NAFLD group were higher than those in the control group (all P < 0.05); but HDL-C in NAFLD patients was lower (P < 0.01). PRA, Ang I and Ang II were positively associated with the severity of NAFLD (P = 0.000), but negatively with the ratio of CT value of the liver to that of the spleen (P < 0.05). PRA was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of NAFLD (B = 0.034, OR = 1.034, P = 0.012).
CONCLUSION: Increased plasma RAS plays a significant role in the occurrence and progress of NAFLD.
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Aihara Y, Yoshiji H, Noguchi R, Kaji K, Namisaki T, Shirai Y, Douhara A, Moriya K, Kawaratani H, Fukui H. Direct renin inhibitor, aliskiren, attenuates the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in the rat model. Hepatol Res 2013; 43:1241-50. [PMID: 23448275 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Renin is a rate-limiting enzyme of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and several reports have shown that renin plays an important role in several pathological processes. Although RAS is known to play a pivotal role in the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the role of renin is still obscure. The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of the clinically used direct renin inhibitor (DRI), aliskiren, on the progression of NASH in a rat model. METHODS The effects of DRI on the choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet-induced rat NASH model was examined in conjunction with the activated hepatic stellate cells (Ac-HSC) and neovascularization, both of which are known to play important roles in liver fibrosis development and hepatocarcinogenesis, respectively. RESULTS DRI exerted a marked inhibitory effect against liver fibrosis development and glutathione-S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive preneoplastic lesions along with suppression of the Ac-HSC and neovascularization in a dose-dependent manner. DRI also inhibited the hepatic expressions of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), angiotensin-II (AT-II) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These results indicated that renin played a pivotal role in the liver fibrosis development and hepatocarcinogenesis of NASH. CONCLUSION Because DRI is already widely used in the clinical practice with safety, this drug may represent a potential new strategy against the progression of NASH in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Aihara
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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27
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Povero D, Eguchi A, Niesman IR, Andronikou N, de Mollerat du Jeu X, Mulya A, Berk M, Lazic M, Thapaliya S, Parola M, Patel HH, Feldstein AE. Lipid-induced toxicity stimulates hepatocytes to release angiogenic microparticles that require Vanin-1 for uptake by endothelial cells. Sci Signal 2013; 6:ra88. [PMID: 24106341 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a key pathological feature of experimental and human steatohepatitis, a common chronic liver disease that is associated with obesity. We demonstrated that hepatocytes generated a type of membrane-bound vesicle, microparticles, in response to conditions that mimicked the lipid accumulation that occurs in the liver in some forms of steatohepatitis and that these microparticles promoted angiogenesis. When applied to an endothelial cell line, medium conditioned by murine hepatocytes or a human hepatocyte cell line exposed to saturated free fatty acids induced migration and tube formation, two processes required for angiogenesis. Medium from hepatocytes in which caspase 3 was inhibited or medium in which the microparticles were removed by ultracentrifugation lacked proangiogenic activity. Isolated hepatocyte-derived microparticles induced migration and tube formation of an endothelial cell line in vitro and angiogenesis in mice, processes that depended on internalization of microparticles. Microparticle internalization required the interaction of the ectoenzyme Vanin-1 (VNN1), an abundant surface protein on the microparticles, with lipid raft domains of endothelial cells. Large quantities of hepatocyte-derived microparticles were detected in the blood of mice with diet-induced steatohepatitis, and microparticle quantity correlated with disease severity. Genetic ablation of caspase 3 or RNA interference directed against VNN1 protected mice from steatohepatitis-induced pathological angiogenesis in the liver and resulted in a loss of the proangiogenic effects of microparticles. Our data identify hepatocyte-derived microparticles as critical signals that contribute to angiogenesis and liver damage in steatohepatitis and suggest a therapeutic target for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Povero
- 1Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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28
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Coulon S, Legry V, Heindryckx F, Van Steenkiste C, Casteleyn C, Olievier K, Libbrecht L, Carmeliet P, Jonckx B, Stassen JM, Van Vlierberghe H, Leclercq I, Colle I, Geerts A. Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in two rodent models. Hepatology 2013; 57:1793-805. [PMID: 23299577 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The pathophysiology of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) should be approached as a multifactorial process. In several stages of NASH, a link between disease progression and hepatic microvasculature changes can be made. In this study we investigated the role of angiogenesis in two mouse models for NASH, and the effect of a preventive and therapeutic antiangiogenic treatment in a diet-induced mouse model for NASH. Protein and RNA levels of angiogenic and inflammatory factors were significantly up-regulated in the liver of C56BL/6 and db/db mice with NASH at different timepoints. To examine the effect of angiogenic factors on the disease progression of NASH, a prevention and treatment study was set up, blocking the placental growth factor (PlGF) or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Our study showed that treatment prevents the progression of NASH by attenuating steatosis and inflammation, both in a preventive and therapeutic setting, thereby confirming the hypothesis that angiogenic factors play an early role in the disease progression from steatosis to NASH. Anti-PlGF (αPlGF) did not significantly improve liver histology. Vascular corrosion casting showed a more disrupted liver vasculature in mice with NASH compared to controls. Treatment with αVEGFR2 showed an improvement of the liver vasculature. Moreover, fat-laden primary hepatocytes treated with αVEGFR2 stored significantly less lipids. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that there is an increased expression of angiogenic factors in the liver in different mouse models for NASH. We found that VEGFR2 blockage attenuates steatosis and inflammation in a diet-induced mouse model for NASH in a preventive and therapeutic setting. Our findings warrant further investigation of the role of angiogenesis in the pathophysiology in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Coulon
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
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Abstract
It has become increasingly clear that angiogenesis occurring during chronic wound healing and fibrogenesis provides a key contribution to disease progression and complications. The association of fibrogenesis and angiogenesis should be regarded as crucial in the modern evaluation of liver disease progression and in the search for therapeutic targets. Physiological hepatic angiogenesis occurs during liver regeneration, contributing to the formation of new functional sinusoids. Pathological angiogenesis in liver is characterized by intrahepatic vascular remodeling with capillarization of the sinusoids and development of intrahepatic shunts, which lead to increased hepatic resistance and decreased effective hepatocyte perfusion. The problem of angiogenesis in chronic hepatitis C and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has not been fully resolved. This manuscript briefly describes pathogenesis of new blood vessel formation in chronic hepatitis and potential role of angiogenesis in disease progression.
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30
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Kallwitz ER. Hepatic fibrosis developing in morbid obesity independent of steatohepatitis: new mechanism or the Rube Goldberg machine? Hepatol Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12072-012-9358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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31
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Kaji K, Yoshiji H, Kitade M, Ikenaka Y, Noguchi R, Shirai Y, Aihara Y, Namisaki T, Yoshii J, Yanase K, Tsujimoto T, Kawaratani H, Fukui H. Combination treatment of angiotensin II type I receptor blocker and new oral iron chelator attenuates progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 300:G1094-104. [PMID: 21372165 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00365.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II type I receptor blocker and iron chelator reportedly exert suppressive effects on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression, including liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the combined effect of losartan (LOS), an angiotensin II type I receptor blocker, and deferasirox (DSX), a newly developed oral iron chelator, on the progression of NASH in rats. To induce NASH, F344 rats were fed a choline-deficient l-amino acid-defined diet for 12 wk, and the effects of LOS and DSX at clinically comparable low doses were elucidated in conjunction with oxidative stress, neovascularization, and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation, all known to play important roles in the progression of NASH. Treatment with both LOS and DSX suppressed choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet-induced liver fibrosis development and hepatocarcinogenesis. This combination treatment exerted a stronger inhibitory effect compared with treatment with a single agent. These inhibitory effects occurred almost concurrently with the suppression of oxidative stress, neovascularization, and HSC activation. Our in vitro study demonstrated that LOS and DSX inhibited angiotensin II-induced proliferation, transforming growth factor-β(1) expression of activated HSC, and in vitro angiogenesis. These results indicated that dual inhibition by combined treatment of LOS and DSX attenuated the progression of NASH. Since both agents are widely used in clinical practice, this combination therapy may represent a potential new strategy against NASH in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kaji
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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32
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Polyzos SA, Toulis KA, Goulis DG, Zavos C, Kountouras J. Serum total adiponectin in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Metabolism 2011; 60:313-26. [PMID: 21040935 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoadiponectinemia might represent a risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the serum total adiponectin levels in patients with simple nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), those with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and controls. Data were extracted from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials electronic databases (up to December 2009). The main outcome was the weighted mean differences (WMDs) in adiponectin between comparison groups. Twenty-eight studies were included in the systematic review. A meta-analysis of 27 studies that reported data on 2243 subjects (698 controls and 1545 patients with NAFLD) was performed. Controls had higher serum adiponectin compared with NAFL patients (12 studies, random-effects WMD [95% confidence interval {CI}] = 3.00 [1.57-4.43], I² = 80.4%) or NASH patients (19 studies, random-effects WMD [95% CI] = 4.75 [3.71-5.78], I² = 84.1%). The NASH patients demonstrated lower adiponectin compared with NAFL patients (19 studies, random-effects WMD [95% CI] = 1.81 [1.09-2.53], I² = 71.7%). By performing a meta-regression analysis, body mass index, age, sex, and type 2 diabetes mellitus failed to account for heterogeneity. However, the performance of liver biopsy on controls had significant effect on the outcome and accounted for 76.7%, 85.5%, and 22.8% of the between-study variance for comparisons between controls vs NAFLD, NAFL, and NASH patients, respectively. Based on liver histology, serum adiponectin levels are similar in NAFL patients and controls, but hypoadiponectinemia may play an important pathophysiological role in the progression from NAFL to NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios A Polyzos
- Second Medical Clinic, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Coulon S, Heindryckx F, Geerts A, Van Steenkiste C, Colle I, Van Vlierberghe H. Angiogenesis in chronic liver disease and its complications. Liver Int 2011; 31:146-62. [PMID: 21073649 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, liver cancer, cirrhosis and other liver-related diseases are the fifth most common cause of mortality in the UK. Furthermore, chronic liver diseases (CLDs) are one of the major causes of death, which are still increasing year-on-year. Therefore, knowledge about the pathophysiology of CLDs and its complications is of uttermost importance. The goal of this review is to clarify the role of angiogenesis in the disease progression of various liver diseases. Looking closer at the pathophysiology of portal hypertension (PH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we find that angiogenesis is a recurring factor in the disease progression. In PH, several factors involved in its pathogenesis, such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, inflammation and shear stress are potential mediators for the angiogenic response. The progression from fibrosis to cirrhosis, the end-point of CLDs, is distinguished by a prolonged inflammatory and fibrogenic process that leads to an abnormal angioarchitecture distinctive for cirrhosis. In several stages of NASH, a link might be made between the disease progression and hepatic microvasculature changes. HCC is one of the most vascular solid tumours in which angiogenesis plays an important role in its development, progression and metastasis. The close relationship between the progression of CLDs and angiogenesis emphasises the need for anti-angiogenic therapy as a tool for blocking or slowing down the disease progression. The fact that angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in CLDs gives rise to new opportunities for treating CLDs and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Coulon
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Sumida Y, Eguchi Y, Ono M. Current status and agenda in the diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in Japan. World J Hepatol 2010; 2:374-83. [PMID: 21160946 PMCID: PMC2998946 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v2.i10.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a manifestation of metabolic syndrome, includes a wide range of clinical entities from simple fatty liver, a benign condition, to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a condition which can progress to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic failure. The diagnosis of NASH requires no history of previous or current significant alcohol consumption and no evidence of other chronic liver diseases. Ethanol intake levels of 20 g daily (or 140 g weekly) are endorsed as the acceptable threshold to define nonalcoholic patients. Liver biopsy is the current gold standard for the diagnosis of NASH and provides prognostic information. Histopathological diagnosis of NASH is based on the following 3 features: (1) hepatic macrovesicular steatosis; (2) lobular inflammation; and (3) ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes. It is impractical to biopsy every patient with suspected NAFLD. Although highly accurate and affordable noninvasive screening tools can differentiate NASH from NAFLD, no imaging studies or laboratory tests are able to precisely diagnose NASH. There is no universal agreement regarding the indications for liver biopsy in NAFLD patients. In Japan, liver biopsies are considered in patients with suspected NAFLD based on several criteria including low platelet counts, elevated fibrosis markers, increasing age and other deciding parameters. Further studies are needed to establish a suitable scoring system that can distinguish steatohepatitis from simple steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Sumida
- Yoshio Sumida, Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Nara City Hospital, Nara 6308305, Japan
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