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Wei X, Zeng Y, Meng F, Wang T, Wang H, Yuan Y, Li D, Zhao Y. Calycosin-7-glucoside promotes mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting thioredoxin 1 to regulate oxidative stress. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 374:110411. [PMID: 36812960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin1 (TRX1) is a key protein that regulates redox and is considered to be a key target for cancer therapy. Flavonoids have been proven to have good antioxidant and anticancer activities. This study aimed to investigate whether the flavonoid calycosin-7-glucoside (CG) exerts an anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) role by targeting TRX1. Different doses of CG were used to treat HCC cell lines Huh-7 and HepG2 to calculate the IC50. On this basis, the effects of low, medium and high doses of CG on cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress and TRX1 expression of HCC cells were investigated in vitro. Also, HepG2 xenograft mice were used to evaluate the role of CG on HCC growth in vivo. The binding mode of CG and TRX1 was explored by molecular docking. Then si-TRX1 was used to further discover the effects of TRX1 on CG inhibition of HCC. Results found that CG dose-dependent decreased the proliferation activity of Huh-7 and HepG2 cells, induced apoptosis, significantly activated oxidative stress and inhibited TRX1 expression. In vivo experiments also showed that CG dose-dependent regulated oxidative stress and TRX1 expression, and promoted the expression of apoptotic proteins to inhibit HCC growth. Molecular docking confirmed that CG had a good binding effect with TRX1. Intervention with TRX1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells, promoted apoptosis, and further promoted the effect of CG on the activity of HCC cells. In addition, CG significantly increased ROS production, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, regulated the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved-caspase-3, and activated mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. And si-TRX1 enhanced the effects of CG on mitochondrial function and apoptosis of HCC, suggesting that TRX1 participated in the inhibitory effect of CG on mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of HCC. In conclusion, CG exerts anti-HCC activity by targeting TRX1 to regulate oxidative stress and promote mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wei
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China.
| | - Yanping Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fancheng Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tingpu Wang
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China
| | - Hebin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China
| | - Yijun Yuan
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741001, China
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2
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Plants-based medicine implication in the evolution of chronic liver diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114207. [PMID: 36916432 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic disorders are considered major health problems, due to their high incidence, increased risk of chronicling or death and the costs involved in therapies. A large number of patients with chronic liver diseases use herbal medicines and dietary supplements in parallel with allopathic treatment. The current review provides a thorough analysis of the studies conducted on the most important species of medicinal plants used in this disease, bioactive compounds and on the activity of herbal medicines in the evolution of chronic liver diseases. However, a negative aspect is that there is frequently a lack of comprehensive data on the progression of the illness and the living standards of patients who are affected when evaluating the effects of these phytocomponents on the evolution of chronic liver disease, the patients' health, and their quality of life. It is essential to take this impairment into account when evaluating the long-term effects of herbal treatments on the health of individuals who suffer from liver illness. Bioactive phytocomponents may be a suitable source for the development of novel medications due to the correlation between traditional uses and medical advances. Additional high-quality preclinical examinations utilizing cutting-edge approaches are needed to assess safety and effectiveness and to detect, categorize, and standardize the active substances and their formulations for the most suitable therapeutic management of liver illnesses.
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3
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Gong F, Qu R, Li Y, Lv Y, Dai J. Astragalus Mongholicus: A review of its anti-fibrosis properties. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:976561. [PMID: 36160396 PMCID: PMC9490009 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.976561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fibrosis-related diseases (FRD) include cerebral fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, liver fibrosis, renal fibrosis, peritoneal fibrosis, etc. The effects of fibrosis can be severe, resulting in organ dysfunction, functional decline, and even organ failure, which can cause serious health problems.Aim: Currently, there is no effective modern medicine for anti-fibrosis in the clinics; however, Chinese medicine has a certain beneficial effect on treating such diseases. Astragalus Mongholicus (AM) has rich medicinal value, and its anti-fibrosis effect has been recently investigated. In recent years, more and more experimental studies have been conducted on the intervention of astragaloside IV (AS-IV), astragalus polysaccharide (APS), astragalus flavone, cycloastragalus alcohol, astragalus water extract and other pharmacological components in fibrosis-related diseases, attracting the interest of researchers. We aim to provide ideas for future research by summarizing recent research advances of AM in treating fibrosis-related diseases.Methods: A literature search was conducted from the core collections of electronic databases such as Baidu Literature, Sciencen.com, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct using the above keywords and the pharmacological and phytochemical details of the plant.Results: AM can be used to intervene in fibrosis-disease progression by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, the immune system, and metabolism.Conclusion: AS-IV, APS, and astragalus flavone were studied and discussed in detail. These components have high potential anti-fibrosis activity. Overall, this review aims to gain insight into the AM’s role in treating fibro-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Gong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongmei Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application and National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchun Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Lv, ; Jingxing Dai,
| | - Jingxing Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application and National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Lv, ; Jingxing Dai,
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4
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Yang J. Characterization of the complete plastid genome of the perennial herb Astragalus complanatus Bunge (Fabales: Fabaceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:3440-3442. [PMID: 34805523 PMCID: PMC8604494 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1961628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus complanatus Bunge is a perennial herb with high medicinal value, and is endemic to China. The plastid genome of A. complanatus was determined to be 124,213 bp in length with an A + T-biased nucleotide composition (65.7% A + T). The plastid genome harbors a total of 111 genes, including 75 protein-coding, 32 tRNA, and 4 rRNA genes. The presence of one or two introns was detected in 11 protein-coding genes and 6 tRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that A. complanatus failed to cluster together with the seven congeners, implying that its phylogenetic placement may need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- Department of Physical Education, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Comprehensive evaluation of two Astragalus species (A. campylosema and A. hirsutus) based on biological, toxicological properties and chemical profiling. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112330. [PMID: 34116105 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) is an important genus with numerous species having various traditional medicinal uses making them of interest for scientific investigations to ascertain their therapeutic benefits. In the present study, the quantitative polyphenolic profiles of methanolic extracts from different parts (leaves, flowers, and roots) of two endemic Astragalus species growing in Turkey, i.e. A. campylosema Boiss. and A. hirsutus Vahl were determined, along with their antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties. A. campylosema and A. hirsutus extracts showed varying total phenolic (25.80-40.60 and18.59-29.46 mg GAE/g, respectively) and total flavonoid (11.21-105.91 and 16.06-131.91 mg RE/g, respectively) contents. HPLC-MS/MS revealed rutin to be the predominant phenolic compound in all the extracts of A. campylosema and leaf extract of A. hirsutus (133.53-752.42 μg g-1), while hyperoside was the major one in the flower and root extracts of A. hirsutus (2014.07 and 123.13 μg g-1, respectively). In DPPH and ABTS assays, radical scavenging capacity was demonstrated by all extracts of A. campylosema (47.13-48.10 and 87.03-115.36 mg TE/g, respectively) and A. hirsutus (17.82-38.67 and 47.84-57.29 mg TE/g, respectively). Reducing activity was also displayed by the extracts in CUPRAC and FRAP assays (A. campylosema: 83.06-135.20 and 59.15-90.19 mg TE/g, respectively; A. hirsutus: 53.02-83.42 and 31.25-43.25 mg TE/g, respectively). All extracts were also found to act as metal chelators (12.32-21.45 mg EDTAE/g) and exhibited total antioxidant capacity ranging from 1.16 to 1.60 mmol TE/g, in phosphomolybdenum assay. Acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase inhibitory effects were observed by all the extracts of the two species (1.56-4.99 mg GALAE/g). Anti-hyperpigmentation potential by inhibiting tyrosinase (54.55-67.35 mg KAE/g) was reported as well. Carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, amylase and glucosidase were also inhibited (0.22-1.03 mmol ACAE/g). Overall, A. campylosema extracts showed relatively better antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potentials compared to A. hirsutus extracts. Strikingly, A. hirsutus extracts was found to have higher AGE inhibition activity than A. campylosema. Although the cytotoxic effect of three different organs obtained from A. campylosema and A. hirsutus increased depending on the dose (from 10 to 200 μg/mL), it was found that both plant extracts did not show a genotoxic effect at the highest concentration of 200 μg/mL. Indeed, data amassed from this current scientific work showed the two selected Astragalus species to be rich in bioactive polyphenols that could be responsible for the various pharmacological activities and hence demands to be further explored for their possible applications as natural health promoting agents.
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Salehi B, Carneiro JNP, Rocha JE, Coutinho HDM, Morais Braga MFB, Sharifi-Rad J, Semwal P, Painuli S, Moujir LM, de Zarate Machado V, Janakiram S, Anil Kumar NV, Martorell M, Cruz-Martins N, El Beyrouthy M, Sadaka C. Astragalus species: Insights on its chemical composition toward pharmacological applications. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2445-2476. [PMID: 33325585 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus L. is widely distributed throughout the temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and North America. The genus is widely used in folk medicine and in dietary supplements, as well as in cosmetics, teas, coffee, vegetable gums, and as forage for animals. The major phytoconstituents of Astragalus species with beneficial properties are saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. Astragalus extracts and their isolated components exhibited promising in vitro and in vivo biological activities, including antiaging, antiinfective, cytoprotective, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antidiabesity, and immune-enhancing properties. Considering their proven therapeutic potential, the aim of this work is to give a comprehensive summary of the Astragalus spp. and their active components, in an attempt to provide new insight for further clinical development of these xenobiotics. This is the first review that briefly describes their ethnopharmacology, composition, biological, and toxicological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Prabhakar Semwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, India
- Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology, Dehradun, India
| | - Sakshi Painuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, India
| | - Laila Moujir Moujir
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Victoria de Zarate Machado
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Shriyaa Janakiram
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción, Chile
| | - Natalia Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Carmen Sadaka
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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7
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An L, Lin Y, Li L, Kong M, Lou Y, Wu J, Liu Z. Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation to Investigate the Effects and Mechanism of Astragalus Flavonoids Against Hepatic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:618262. [PMID: 33551818 PMCID: PMC7862122 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.618262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis (HF) represents the excessive wound healing where an excess amount of connective tissues is formed within the liver, finally resulting in cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, it is significant to discover the efficient agents and components to treat HF, thus restraining the further progression of hepatopathy. Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge [also called Astragali Radix (AR)] is a famous herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which possesses a variety of biological activities and exerts good therapeutic effects in the treatment of HF. Flavonoids account for the major active ingredients related to the AR pharmacological effects. Total AR flavonoids have been proved to exert inhibitory effects on hepatic fibrosis. This study aimed to further undertake network pharmacology analysis coupled with experimental validation and molecular docking to investigate the effects and mechanism of multiple flavonoid components from AR against liver fibrosis. The results of the network pharmacology analysis showed that the flavonoids from AR exerted their pharmacological effects against liver fibrosis by modulating multiple targets and pathways. The experimental validation data showed that the flavonoids from AR were able to suppress transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-mediated activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and reduce extracellular matrix deposition in HSC-T6 cells via regulating the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal transduction pathway. The results of the molecular docking study further showed that the flavonoids had a strong binding affinity for IκB kinase (IKKβ) after docking into the crystal structure. The above results indicated that, flavonoids possibly exerted the anti-inflammatory effect on treating HF by mediating inflammatory signaling pathways. The potential mechanism of these flavonoids against liver fibrosis may be related to suppression of the NF-κB pathway through effective inhibition of IKKβ. This study not only provides a scientific basis for clarifying the effects and mechanism of AR flavonoids against liver fibrosis but also suggests a novel promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jinjun Wu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Kuo JCL, Zhang LJ, Huang HT, Liaw CC, Lin ZH, Liu M, Kuo YH. Bioactive Flavonoid Glycosides and HPLC and UPLC Quantification of Commercial Astragali Complanati Semen. Molecules 2020; 25:E4762. [PMID: 33081333 PMCID: PMC7587559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eleven compounds, including nine known flavonoid glycosides (1-4, 6-8, and 10-11), one isoflavone glycoside (5), and a glansreginic acid (9), were isolated from the 80% ethanol extract of commercial Astragali Complanati Semen (ACS). All chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR. Compounds 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 10 were isolated and identified from the title plant for the first time. Biological evaluation revealed that all the isolates showed promising anti-NO production, and 1, 2, 3, and 8 were more potent in antioxidant activity than vitamin E. The major peaks in the UPLC and HPLC profiles identified their chemical structures by comparing their retention time and UV spectra with those of the reference substances. Furthermore, nine of the eleven samples collected from North, Middle, and South regions of Taiwan possessed similar HPLC fingerprints and were identified as Astragali Complanati Semen, whereas the other two samples from southern Taiwan would be the adulterants due to the different fingerprinting patterns. In addition, an HPLC-UV method was employed to determine the content of target compound complanatuside (11) with good linear regression (R2 = 0.9998) for ACS in the Taiwanese market. Of the isolates, flavonol glycosides 1 and 3 were the major peaks in HPLC/UPLC, and showed more potent antioxidant and anti-NO production activities than that of 11, revealing that these compounds can be the available agents for the quality control of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Chun-Ling Kuo
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Jie Zhang
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (L.-J.Z.); (H.-T.H.); (C.-C.L.); (Z.-H.L.)
| | - Hung-Tse Huang
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (L.-J.Z.); (H.-T.H.); (C.-C.L.); (Z.-H.L.)
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Liaw
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (L.-J.Z.); (H.-T.H.); (C.-C.L.); (Z.-H.L.)
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hu Lin
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (L.-J.Z.); (H.-T.H.); (C.-C.L.); (Z.-H.L.)
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 113, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Haur Kuo
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (L.-J.Z.); (H.-T.H.); (C.-C.L.); (Z.-H.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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9
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Pharmacological Properties of Preparations Based on Astragalus Extract (Review). Pharm Chem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-020-02206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Latief U, Ahmad R. Herbal remedies for liver fibrosis: A review on the mode of action of fifty herbs. J Tradit Complement Med 2017; 8:352-360. [PMID: 29992106 PMCID: PMC6035307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a dynamic pathological condition which can be slowed down in its initial phases. Without proper clinical management of fibrosis, progressive liver damage may lead to cirrhosis and ultimately to liver failure or primary liver cancer, which are irreversible conditions. Therefore, in order to cure fibrotic damage to liver, its early stages should be the centre of attention. In this context, some supplements and ‘complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)’ deserve specific mention, because of their already recognized natural way of healing and long lasting curative effects. Moreover, CAM display negligible side effects and hence it is gaining worldwide importance in clinical practices. In particular, herbal medicines are now replacing synthetic pharmaceuticals and looked upon as the sources of novel bioactive substances. To develop satisfactory herbal combinations for treating liver fibrosis, phytoproducts need to be systematically evaluated for their potency as anti-fibrotic, anti-hepatotoxic and antioxidant agents. More importantly, the identified herb/agent should have the remarkable tendency to stimulate hepatocytes regeneration. The present review is a systematic account of at least fifty medicinal herbs and their products which in experimental models have demonstrated antifibrotic activity and thus, most likely candidates to offer therapeutic protection to liver. Nevertheless, much additional work is still needed to explore molecular pathways to discover potential applications of these medicines so as to open up new vistas in biomedical research.
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11
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Hu T, Liu QM, He XW, Huang F, Zhang MW, Jiang JG. Identification of bioactives from Astragalus chinensis L.f. and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:4315-4323. [PMID: 29184237 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2902-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This work was designed to obtain the valuable compounds with antioxidant, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities from Astragalus chinensis. Ethyl acetate fraction obtained from A. chinensis L.f. had significant antioxidant, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities. Subsequently, five single compounds were separated and purified, which were identified as formononetin (1), rhamnocitrin (2), calycosin (3), β-daucosterol (4), rhamnocitrin-3-O-β-d-glucoside (5). The results displayed that formononetin and rhamnocitrin exhibited significant cytotoxicity actions against tumor cell lines. Calycosin exerted the strongest anti-inflammatory effect of inhibition effects on NO production in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205 China.,College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Qi-Mei Liu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Xiao-Wei He
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Fei Huang
- Sericultural and Agri-food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610 China
| | - Ming-Wei Zhang
- Sericultural and Agri-food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610 China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
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12
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Sham TT, Zhang H, Mok DKW, Chan SW, Wu J, Tang S, Chan CO. Chemical Analysis of Astragali Complanati Semen and Its Hypocholesterolemic Effect Using Serum Metabolomics Based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6030057. [PMID: 28753987 PMCID: PMC5618085 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypocholesterolemic protective effect of the dried seed of Astragalus complanatus (ACS) was investigated in rats fed with normal diet, high cholesterol diet (HCD), and HCD plus 70% ethanol extract of ACS (600 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for four weeks. ACS extract was tested to be rich in antioxidants, which may be contributed to its high content of phenolic compounds. Consumption of ACS remarkably suppressed the elevated total cholesterol (p < 0.01) and LDL-C (p < 0.001) induced by HCD. Chemical constituents of ACS extract were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization orbitrap mass spectrometry and the results showed that the ACS extract mainly consisted of phenolic compounds including flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides. In addition, based on the serum fatty acid profiles, elucidated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, free and esterified fatty acids including docosapentaenoic acid, adrenic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid were regulated in ACS treatment group. Western blot results further indicated the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) (p < 0.05) in liver was upregulated in ACS treatment group. To conclude, our results clearly demonstrated that ACS provides beneficial effect on lowering HCD associated detrimental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Ting Sham
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Daniel Kam Wah Mok
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shun Wan Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Department of Food and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jianhong Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Songyun Tang
- The Center Hospital of Hengyang, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Chi On Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen 518057, China.
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Qiu LH, Zhang BQ, Lian MJ, Xie XJ, Chen P. Vascular protective effects of Astragalus membranaceus and its main constituents in rats with chronic hyperhomocysteinemia. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2401-2407. [PMID: 28962174 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an important factor in cardiovascular disease. However, is currently no cure available in western medicine for HHcy-evoked cardiovascular disease. The present study explored the vascular protective effects of Astragalus membranaceus (AM), a traditional Chinese medicine. Rats with HHcy were induced by feeding high-methionine diets and treated with total extract of AM (TEA) and its constituents, including Astragalus saponins (ASP), Astragalus total flavonoids (ATF) and Astragalus polysaccharides (APS). Examination of the rats indicated that TEA and ASP controlled blood pressure and ameliorated HHcy-induced impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by increasing the nitric oxide content and nitric oxide synthase activity of the abdominal aorta. Furthermore, they decreased the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion, and attenuated the inhibition of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in rats with HHcy. Additionally, TEA and ASP attenuated the HHcy-induced increases of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 concentrations. However, similar effects were not observed for ATF and APS. In conclusion, TEA and ASP are beneficial to vascular disease, and their effects may be attributed to protective actions against oxidation, activity of the MMPs and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Bi-Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Miao-Jun Lian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Ji Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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14
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Fan XH, Zhang QA, Yan YY, Tian CR. Physicochemical properties and in-vitro antioxidant capacity of Semen Astragali Complanati wine. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2016.1215350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Bratkov VM, Shkondrov AM, Zdraveva PK, Krasteva IN. Flavonoids from the Genus Astragalus: Phytochemistry and Biological Activity. Pharmacogn Rev 2016; 10:11-32. [PMID: 27041870 PMCID: PMC4791984 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.176550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, the most common plant polyphenols are widely distributed in every species and possess a broad range of pharmacological activities. The genus Astragalus is the largest in the Fabaceae family with more than 2,500 species spread. They are known to contain different metabolites such as flavonoids, saponins, and polysaccharides. Plants from the genus have been used in the traditional medicine of many countries for centuries. This paper is focused on the large group of flavonoid compounds. Details on structure as well as information about the pharmacological properties of flavonoids, isolated from Astragalus species have been discussed. This review is based on publications until the first half of 2014 and includes also the results from our phytochemical investigations of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor M. Bratkov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Ilina N. Krasteva
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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16
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Li N, Liu Y, Cao Y, Wei Z, Pang L, Wang J. Quantification of complanatoside A in rat plasma using LC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 30:888-93. [PMID: 26393341 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Complanatoside A is a flavonol glycoside isolated from Astragalus complanatus, and currently it is used as a quality control index for A. complanatus in the 2010 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. For the first time, a simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed for the determination of complanatoside A in rat plasma over the range of 2.3-575 ng/mL. Complanatoside A was extracted from plasma by a protein precipitation procedure, separated by LC and detected by MS/MS in positive electrospray ionization mode. The method was validated for selectivity, carryover, sensitivity, linearity, extraction recovery, matrix effect, accuracy, precision and stability studies. The lower limit of quantification was established at 2.3 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day precisions (LLOQ, low-QC, med-QC and high-QC) were <7.9%, and accuracies were between 94.0 and 105.1%. Matrix effect was acceptable (97.9-103.0%) and extraction recovery was reproducible (88.5-94.4%). Complanatoside A was stable in the investigated conditions. The method was applied to the pharmacokinetics of complanatoside A in rats. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Neonatology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Echocardiography, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuchen Cao
- Clinical Medicine, Norman Bethune Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhouxia Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Li Pang
- Department of Emergency, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jianmeng Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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17
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Ng YF, Tang PCT, Sham TT, Lam WS, Mok DKW, Chan SW. Semen Astragali Complanati: an ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:39-53. [PMID: 24933224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Semen Astragali Complanati (SAC), the dried ripe seed of Flatstem Milkvetch (Astragalus complanatus Bunge) (Leguminosae), is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating muscle, liver, kidney, blood, skin and reproductive system diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant information about SAC was gathered via "Google Scholar", "ISI Web of Knowledge", "PubMed", "ScienceDirect", "Medline Plus", "ACS", "CNKI" and "Wiley Online Library" and from books in local libraries. RESULTS The major contents of SAC include fatty acids, amino acids, polysaccharides, flavonoids, triterpene glycosides and trace elements. Previous scientific studies have reported that SAC exhibits a number of therapeutic effects on chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and cancers. It has been found that flavonoids are the main bioactive component in SAC. However most of the previous studies have shown the effects brought by the total flavonoid fraction extracted from SAC only; further studies are warranted for the biological effects produced by individual components. There are only a few studies on the toxicity of SAC and the overall results show that its toxicity is quite low or even non-existent. CONCLUSIONS SAC is a valuable TCM herb with multiple pharmacological effects for treating some chronic diseases. More studies on SAC will help us to have a better understanding of its pharmacological mechanisms so as to provide more scientific evidence to explain its traditional uses, identify its therapeutic potential on other diseases and understand its possible harmful effects. Based on previous studies, it is easy to identify that antioxidant effect of SAC might play an important role on its pharmacological effects. Studying the effects of SAC on handling intracellular reactive oxygen species may be a potential direction to help understanding the molecular mechanisms of SAC on preventing and/or treating chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yam-Fung Ng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philip Chiu-Tsun Tang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tung-Ting Sham
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Sum Lam
- Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel Kam-Wah Mok
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shun-Wan Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Shenzhen, China.
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18
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Allam RM, Selim DA, Ghoneim AI, Radwan MM, Nofal SM, Khalifa AE, Sharaf OA, Toaima SM, Asaad AM, El-Sebakhy NA. Hepatoprotective effects of Astragalus kahiricus root extract against ethanol-induced liver apoptosis in rats. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 11:354-61. [PMID: 23845543 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(13)60052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The hepatoprotective activity of the ethanol extract of Astragalus kahiricus (Fabaceae) roots against ethanol-induced liver apoptosis was evaluated and it showed very promising hepatoprotective actions through different mechanisms. The extract counteracted the ethanol-induced liver enzymes leakage and glutathione depletion. In addition, it demonstrated anti-apoptotic effects against caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation that were confirmed by liver histopathological examination. Moreover, the phytochemical study of this extract led to the isolation of four cycloartane-type triterpenes identified as astrasieversianin II (1), astramembrannin II (2), astrasieversianin XIV (3), and cycloastragenol (4). The structures of these isolates were established by HRESI-MS and 1D and 2D NMR experiments. The antimicrobial, antimalarial, and cytotoxic activities of the isolates were further evaluated, but none of them showed any activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Allam
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Division, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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19
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Zhang QA, Fan XH, Zhang ZQ, Li T, Zhu CP, Zhang XR, Song W. Extraction, antioxidant capacity and identification of Semen Astragali Complanati (Astragalus complanatus R. Br.) phenolics. Food Chem 2013; 141:1295-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Zhang WL, Choi RCY, Zhan JYX, Chen JP, Luk WKW, Yao P, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK. Can Hedysari Radix replace Astragali Radix in Danggui Buxue Tang, a Chinese herbal decoction for woman aliment? PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:1076-1081. [PMID: 23746954 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Astragali Radix (AR) has been used for over 2000 years in China for the enrichment of "Qi". Hedysari Radix (HR), a herb having similar chemical composition with AR, has been commonly used as a substitute of AR in herbal decoction. In order to evaluate the possible replacement of HR for AR in Chinese herbal decoction, systematic comparison of AR and HR was done by chemical and biological assessments. The water extract of AR contained higher levels of calycosin, calycosin-glucoside, ononin, astragaloside III and astragaloside IV, while higher amount of formononetin was found in the HR extract. The estrogenic, erythropoetic and osteogenic effects were compared between the water extracts of AR and HR, and in all cases AR extract showed higher biological activities. Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT) is a very common herbal decoction for woman aliment, and which contains AR and Angelica Sinensis Radix. Here, we generated two forms of DBT having either AR or HR as the major herbs. Chemically, AR-contained DBT showed higher amounts of various active chemicals, except formononetin that was higher in HR-contained DBT. In parallel, the estrogenic, osteogenic and erythropoetic effects of DBT containing AR showed better activities than that of DBT having HR. Thus, AR and HR showed distinct differences in terms of chemical and biological properties. In order to achieve the best therapeutical effect, as well as to guarantee the safety, AR is recommended here to be used for making DBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Li Zhang
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
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21
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Yang LP, Shen JG, Xu WC, Li J, Jiang JQ. Secondary Metabolites of the GenusAstragalus:Structure and Biological-Activity Update. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:1004-54. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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22
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Zhang QA, Fan XH, Li T, Zhang ZQ, Liu YK, Li XP. Optimisation of ultrasound extraction for flavonoids from semen astragali complanati and its identification by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-An Zhang
- School of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an; 710062; China
| | - Xue-Hui Fan
- School of Sports; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an; 710062; China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Life Sciences; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an; 710062; China
| | - Zhi-Qi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an; 710062; China
| | - Ying-Kun Liu
- School of Sciences; ZheJiang A & F University; Lin'an; 311300; China
| | - Xiao-Ping Li
- School of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an; 710062; China
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23
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Qi L, Liu CY, Wu WQ, Gu ZL, Guo CY. Protective effect of flavonoids from Astragalus complanatus on radiation induced damages in mice. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:383-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Vollmer G, Papke A, Zierau O. Treatment of menopausal symptoms by an extract from the roots of rhapontic rhubarb: the role of estrogen receptors. Chin Med 2010; 5:7. [PMID: 20170496 PMCID: PMC2837008 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-5-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A dry extract from the roots of rhapontic rhubarb (extract Rheum rhaponticum (L.); ERr) has been commercially available in Germany for over two decades to treat menopausal symptoms. However, the molecular basis of its clinical effectiveness remains obscure. This article reviews the in vitro and in vivo data of its estrogenic actions, particularly those mediated by estrogen receptor-beta (ERbeta).
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Vollmer
- Molekulare Zellphysiologie & Endokrinologie, Fachrichtung Biologie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Hu YW, Liu CY, Du CM, Zhang J, Wu WQ, Gu ZL. Induction of apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells in vitro by flavonoids from Astragalus complanatus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 123:293-301. [PMID: 19429375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Flavonoids extracted from the seeds of Astragalus complanatus R.Br. reduce the proliferation of many cancer cells. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of these flavonoids from Astragalus complanatus (FAC) on human hepatocarcinoma cell viability and apoptosis and to investigate its mechanisms of action in SMMC-7721 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. To detect apoptotic cells, SMMC-7721 cells treated with FAC were stained with Hoechst 33258 and subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis. Quantitative detection of apoptotic cells was performed by flow cytometry. The effects of FAC on apoptosis and cell cycle regulatory genes and proteins in SMMC-7721 cells were examined using an S series apoptosis and cell cycle gene array and Western blot analysis. RESULTS The growth of SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells was inhibited by treatment with FAC. Cell death induced by FAC was characterized by nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, the cell cycle was arrested in the G0/G1 and S phases in FAC-treated SMMC-7721 cells. A sub-G1 peak with reduced DNA content was also formed. The activity of caspase-3 was significantly increased following FAC treatment. Microarray data indicated that the expression levels of 76 genes were changed in SMMC-7721 cells treated with FAC: 35 genes were up-regulated and 41 were down-regulated. Western blot analysis showed that caspase-3, caspase-8, Bax, P21, and P27 protein levels in SMMC-7721 cells were increased after 48 h of FAC treatment, while cyclinB1, cyclinD1, CDK1, and CDK4 protein levels were decreased. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that FAC may play an important role in tumor growth suppression by inducing apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma cells via mitochondria-dependent and death receptor-dependent apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Wei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 RenAi Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
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Li JJ, Lee SH, Kim DK, Jin R, Jung DS, Kwak SJ, Kim SH, Han SH, Lee JE, Moon SJ, Ryu DR, Yoo TH, Han DS, Kang SW. Colchicine attenuates inflammatory cell infiltration and extracellular matrix accumulation in diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 297:F200-9. [PMID: 19369290 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90649.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that an inflammatory mechanism contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). It is also known that colchicine (Col) can prevent various renal injuries via its anti-inflammatory action. However, the effect of colchicine on DN has never been explored. This study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of colchicine on inflammation and extracellular matrix accumulation in DN. In vivo, 64 rats were injected with diluent (C; n = 32) or streptozotocin intraperitoneally (DM, n = 32). Sixteen rats from each group were treated with Col. In vitro, rat mesangial cells and NRK-52E cells were cultured in media with 5.6 mM glucose (NG) or 30 mM glucose (HG) with or without 10(-8) M Col. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA expression was determined by real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and the levels of MCP-1 in renal tissue and culture media were measured by ELISA. RT-PCR and Western blotting were also performed for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and fibronectin (FN) mRNA and protein expression, respectively, and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) for ICAM-1, FN, and ED-1 with renal tissue. Twenty-four-hour urinary albumin excretion at 6 wk and 3 mo were significantly higher in DM compared with C rats (P < 0.05), and colchicine treatment significantly reduced albuminuria in DM rats (P < 0.05). Col significantly inhibited the increase in MCP-1 mRNA expression and protein levels under diabetic conditions both in vivo and in vitro. ICAM-1 and FN expression showed a similar pattern to the expression of MCP-1. IHC revealed that the number of ED-1(+) cells were significantly higher in DM compared with C kidney (P < 0.005), and this increase was significantly attenuated by Col treatment (P < 0.01). In conclusion, Col prevents not only inflammatory cell infiltration via inhibition of enhanced MCP-1 and ICAM-1 expression but also ECM accumulation in DN. These findings provide a new perspective on the renoprotective effects of Col in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ji Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea 120-752
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