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Xu X, Sun Z, Rong L, Wang X, Xu L, Lu J, Ye Q, Zhang L, Bai Y, Ma X. Genetic variant of ADH1C for predicting survival in esophageal squamous cell cancer patients who underwent postoperative radiotherapy. Front Genet 2022; 13:988433. [PMID: 36212135 PMCID: PMC9532693 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.988433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of essential enzymes for alcohol metabolism ADH1B, ADH1C, and ALDH2 are commonly regarded as genetic biomarkers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) susceptibility. However, there have not been any reports on relations between SNPs of these genes and the prognosis of postoperative radiotherapy in ESCC. The current study aimed to understand the associations between gene variants of alcohol metabolism and adjuvant radiotherapy’s prognosis in ESCC.Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 110 ESCC patients from our institution who received adjuvant radiotherapy after surgery. The SNPs of ADH1B rs1229984, ADH1C rs1789924, and ALDH2 rs671 were detected by Sanger sequencing using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples. A nomogram was drawn based on prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS).Results: ADH1C rs1789924 (C>T) was associated with poor DFS and OS in ESCC patients undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy. Multivariate analysis showed that ADH1C rs1789924 (C>T) was one of the independent prognosis factors of DFS and OS. However, the genotypes of ADH1B SNP rs1229984 and ALDH2 rs671 were not associated with differences in the PFS and OS of these patients. Compared with the AJCC staging system, the nomogram containing the ADH1C genotype can more effectively and accurately predict the survival time of ESCC after surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy.Conclusion: ADH1C rs1789924 might be a prognostic genetic biomarker for ESCC patients undergoing surgery and postoperative radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Rong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Research, Medical Laboratory of Nantong Zhongke, Nantong, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhang, ; Yongrui Bai, ; Xiumei Ma,
| | - Yongrui Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhang, ; Yongrui Bai, ; Xiumei Ma,
| | - Xiumei Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhang, ; Yongrui Bai, ; Xiumei Ma,
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2
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Xu Z, Peng B, Kang F, Zhang W, Xiao M, Li J, Hong Q, Cai Y, Liu W, Yan Y, Peng J. The Roles of Drug Metabolism-Related ADH1B in Immune Regulation and Therapeutic Response of Ovarian Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:877254. [PMID: 35756990 PMCID: PMC9218672 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.877254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The different pharmacological effects of drugs in different people can be explained by the polymorphisms of drug metabolism-related genes. Emerging studies have realized the importance of drug metabolism-related genes in the treatment and prognosis of cancers, including ovarian cancer (OV). In this study, using comprehensive bioinformatics and western blot, we identified that the drug metabolism-related gene, ADH1B, was significantly down-regulated in OV cells and tissues. The patients with a high level of ADH1B presented a good prognosis. We also found a negative correlation between ADH1B expression and the activity of chemotherapeutic agents, such as cyclophosphamide. In addition, positive correlations were observed between ADH1B expression and multiple immune checkpoints, including LAG3 and HAVCR2. The immune infiltration analysis further indicated that aberrantly expressed ADH1B might have important roles in regulating the infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in OV tissues. Then, the co-expression analysis was conducted and the top three enriched KEGG pathways were spliceosome, RNA transport, and DNA replication. In conclusion, the drug metabolism-related gene ADH1B and its interactive network play an essential role in the immune regulation and therapeutic response and maybe identified as promising therapeutic targets for OV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, China
| | - Bi Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fanhua Kang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, China
| | - Wenqin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, China
| | - Muzhang Xiao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, China
| | - Qianhui Hong
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, China
| | - Yuan Cai
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinwu Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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3
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Chang T, Yen T, Wei C, Hsiao T, Chen I. Impacts of ADH1B rs1229984 and ALDH2 rs671 polymorphisms on risks of alcohol-related disorder and cancer. Cancer Med 2022; 12:747-759. [PMID: 35670037 PMCID: PMC9844601 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADH1B rs1229984 and ALDH2 rs671 are the specifically prevalent functional variants in the East Asians. These variants, which result in a dramatic change in enzyme activity, are highly associated with alcohol-related disorders and cancer. Previous studies focusing on the additive and synergic effects of the variants are few and inconsistent. The aim of the research was to evaluate the associations of ADH1B rs1229984 and ALDH2 rs671 with the risks of alcohol-related disorder and cancer. METHODS This cohort study enrolled 42,665 participants from the Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative database, including 19,522 and 20,534, ADH1B and ALDH2 carriers, respectively. The associations between the two variants and cancer risk were analyzed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Compared with the noncarriers, the ADH1B rs1229984 variant had a stronger effect on alcohol-related disorders and was related to an increased risk of alcohol-related cancers. The CC genotype of ADH1B rs1229984 was significantly associated with cancer of the larynx, pharynx, and nasal cavities [odds ratio (OR) = 1.56, p = 0.0009], cancer of the pancreas (OR = 1.66, p = 0.018), and cancer of the esophagus (OR = 4.10, p < 0.001). Participants who carried the rs1229984 TC/CC and rs671 GG genotypes were at higher risk of esophageal cancer (OR = 3.02, p < 0.001). The risk of esophageal cancer was increased by 381% (OR = 4.81, p < 0.001) in those carrying the rs1229984 TC/CC and rs671 GA/AA genotypes. CONCLUSION rs1229984 and rs671 are common and functionally important genetic variants in the Taiwanese population. Our findings provide strong evidence of additive and synergic risks of ADH1B and ALDH2 variants for alcohol-related disorders and cancer. The results suggested that are reduction in alcohol consumption should be advised as a preventive measure for high-risk patients carrying ADH1B rs1229984 C or the ALDH2 rs671 A allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting‐Gang Chang
- Department of PsychiatryTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan,School of PsychologyChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Ting‐Ting Yen
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan,School of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Yi Wei
- Department of Medical ResearchTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Tzu‐Hung Hsiao
- Department of Medical ResearchTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan,Department of Public Health, College of MedicineFu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan,Institute of Genomics and BioinformaticsNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - I‐Chieh Chen
- Department of Medical ResearchTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
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4
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Shao M, Li W, Wang S, Liu Z. Identification of key genes and pathways associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma development based on weighted gene correlation network analysis. J Cancer 2020; 11:1393-1402. [PMID: 32047546 PMCID: PMC6995384 DOI: 10.7150/jca.30699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As one of the most aggressive malignancies, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer related death worldwide. The majority of ESCCs are diagnosed at advanced stages with poor five-year survival rate, making it urgent to identify specific genes and pathways associated with its initiation and prognosis. Materials and Methods: The differentially expressed genes in TCGA were analysed to construct a co-expression network by WGCNA. Gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis were performed for the selected genes. Module-clinical trait relationships were analyzed to explore the genes and pathways that associated with clinicopathological parameters of ESCC. Log-rank tests and COX regression were used to identify the prognosis-related genes. Results: The brown module containing 716 genes which most significantly contributed to ESCC. GO analysis suggested enrichment of adaptive immune response, cyclin-dependent protein serine, regeneration and mRNA metabolic process. KEGG analysis indicated pathways including Cellular senescence, Ribosome biogenesis, Proteasome, Base excision repair and p53 signaling pathway. Clinical stage was associated with cyan module; clinical M was associated with grey60 module; clinical T was associated with darkturquoise module; while clinical N, histological type and cancer location were associated with turquoise module. Key genes of TCP1, COQ3, PTMA and MAPRE1 might be potential prognostic markers for ESCC. Discussion: Differentially expressed genes and key modules contributing to initiation and progression in ESCC were identified by WGCNA. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the initiation, prognosis and treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Shao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Geriatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wenya Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Geriatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shiyang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Geriatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhenghua Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Geriatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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5
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Cornelis MC. Genetic determinants of beverage consumption: Implications for nutrition and health. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 89:1-52. [PMID: 31351524 PMCID: PMC7047661 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beverages make important contributions to nutritional intake and their role in health has received much attention. This review focuses on the genetic determinants of common beverage consumption and how research in this field is contributing insight to what and how much we consume and why this genetic knowledge matters from a research and public health perspective. The earliest efforts in gene-beverage behavior mapping involved genetic linkage and candidate gene analysis but these approaches have been largely replaced by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). GWAS have identified biologically plausible loci underlying alcohol and coffee drinking behavior. No GWAS has identified variants specifically associated with consumption of tea, juice, soda, wine, beer, milk or any other common beverage. Thus far, GWAS highlight an important behavior-reward component (as opposed to taste) to beverage consumption which may serve as a potential barrier to dietary interventions. Loci identified have been used in Mendelian randomization and gene×beverage interaction analysis of disease but results have been mixed. This research is necessary as it informs the clinical relevance of SNP-beverage associations and thus genotype-based personalized nutrition, which is gaining interest in the commercial and public health sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn C Cornelis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
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6
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Oh SS, Ju YJ, Lee S, Park EC. Primary Reason for Drinking Among Current, Former, and Never Flushing College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16020211. [PMID: 30642132 PMCID: PMC6352046 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption among individuals who experience a flushing response (reddening of the face, nausea, dizziness, headache, anxiety, and increased heartbeat) can result in serious health problems. However, studies on reasons for drinking among flushers, especially in the college context, are limited. Thus, this study investigated the association between primary reason for drinking and alcohol use among a nationally representative sample of current, former, and never flushing college students. The aim was to measure whether college students with current or former experience of facial flushing have different primary reasons for drinking compared to students with no experience of facial flushing. We surveyed and analyzed the data of 4590 students in a nationally representative sample of 82 colleges in South Korea. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the association between primary reason for drinking and alcohol intake. Alcohol intake was measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Among 1537 current (33.5%), 152 former (3.3%), and 2901 (63.2%) never flushers, mean AUDIT scores were 7.715 ± 5.434, 11.039 ± 6.405, and 10.465 ± 5.779, respectively. Current flushers had significantly higher AUDIT scores when drinking for pleasure (β = 2.696, p < 0.0001) or stress/depression (β = 2.578, p < 0.0001). Primary reasons for drinking were not associated with alcohol intake for former flushers. Never flushers had significantly higher AUDIT scores when drinking for pleasure (β = 2.696, p < 0.0001), stress/depression (β = 2.578, p < 0.0001), or boredom (β = 0.740, p = 0.029) than peer pressure. Our results suggest that former and never flushers consume higher amounts of alcohol on average than never flushers. For current flushers, drinking for pleasure or stress/depression may increase alcohol intake, while for never flushers, drinking for pleasure, stress/depression, as well as boredom may have the same effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Soyeon Oh
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Yeong Jun Ju
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - San Lee
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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7
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Kigen G, Busakhala N, Kamuren Z, Rono H, Kimalat W, Njiru E. Factors associated with the high prevalence of oesophageal cancer in Western Kenya: a review. Infect Agent Cancer 2017; 12:59. [PMID: 29142587 PMCID: PMC5670732 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-017-0169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal carcinoma (OC) is highly prevalent in Western Kenya especially among the members of the Kalenjin community who reside in the Northern and Southern areas of the Rift Valley. Previous authors have suggested potential association of environmental and genetic risk factors with this high prevalence. The environmental factors that have been suggested include contamination of food by mycotoxins and/or pesticides, consumption of traditional alcohol (locally referred to “Busaa” and “Chan’gaa”), use of fermented milk (“Mursik”), poor diet, tobacco use and genetic predisposition. The aim of this paper is to critically examine the potential contribution of each of the factors that have been postulated to be associated with the high prevalence of the disease in order to establish the most likely cause. We have done this by analyzing the trends, characteristics and behaviours that are specifically unique in the region, and corroborated this with the available literature. From our findings, the most plausible cause of the high incidence of OC among the Kalenjin community is mycotoxins, particularly fumonisins from the food chain resulting from poor handling of cereals; particularly maize combined with traditional alcohol laced with the toxins interacting synergistically with other high-risk factors such as dietary deficiencies associated alcoholism and viral infections, especially HPV. Urgent mitigating strategies should be developed in order to minimize the levels of mycotoxins in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Kigen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Department of Hematology & Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Naftali Busakhala
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Department of Hematology & Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P. O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Zipporah Kamuren
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Hillary Rono
- Kitale County Hospital; London School of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, P.O. Box 98-30200, Kitale, Kenya
| | - Wilfred Kimalat
- Retired Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Education, Science & Technology, Provisional Administration & Internal Security, Office of the President, P. O. Box 28467-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Evangeline Njiru
- Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606, Eldoret, 30100 Kenya
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8
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Liu K, Song G, Zhu X, Yang X, Shen Y, Wang W, Shi G, Li Q, Duan Y, Zhao Y, Feng G. Association between ALDH2 Glu487Lys polymorphism and the risk of esophageal cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6111. [PMID: 28422823 PMCID: PMC5406039 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A meta-analysis was carried out to further evaluate the relationship between ALDH2 Glu487Lys polymorphism and esophageal cancer risk. METHODS A total number of 15 studies that included 3812 cases and 7376 controls were identified for our meta-analysis. RESULTS Our findings indicated that individuals with the combination of Glu/Lys and Lys/Lys genotype had an increased risk of getting esophageal cancer (GA + AA vs. GG: odds ratio [OR] 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93-2.00, P = 0.113) with a shift pattern. Although Lys/Lys genotype carriers showed areduced esophageal cancer risk (AA vs. GA + GG: OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23-0.72, P = 0.002). Similarly, a negative association was observed under homozygote comparison (AA vs. GG: OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.29-0.85, P = 0.011). In the China subgroup analysis, the similar results were found. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis concluded that there was a strong association between ALDH2 Glu487Lys polymorphism and the risk of esophageal cancer. It further confirmed that ALDH2 Glu487Lys polymorphism was a high-risk factor for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liu
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital
- Biotherapy Center, Nanchong Central Hospital
| | - Guiqin Song
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital
- Department of Biology, North Sichuan Medical College
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Parasitology laboratory, Nanchong Central Hospital
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Department of Biology, North Sichuan Medical College
| | - Yuewu Shen
- Department of Biology, North Sichuan Medical College
| | - Wan Wang
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital
| | - Guidong Shi
- Department of chest surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College
| | - Qing Li
- The 2011 grade clinic medicine of North Sichuan Medical College
| | - Yi Duan
- The 2011 grade clinic medicine of North Sichuan Medical College
| | - Yunxia Zhao
- The 2013 grade clinic medicine of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Gang Feng
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital
- Biotherapy Center, Nanchong Central Hospital
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9
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Peng Q, Chen H, Huo JR. Alcohol consumption and corresponding factors: A novel perspective on the risk factors of esophageal cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3231-3239. [PMID: 27123096 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common type of cancer in the world, and the sixth most common cause of mortality from cancer. Alcohol consumption is the major risk factor for esophageal cancer, due to the worldwide prevalence and high carcinogenicity of the ethanol metabolite. In epidemiological studies, the efficiency of alcohol intake to enhance the risk of esophageal cancer is altered by daily ethanol consumption, type of alcoholic beverages ingested, time since quitting drinking, age of drinking initiation, differences in population and subtypes of esophageal cancer. Corresponding factors, including gene polymorphisms, tobacco smoking, oral microorganisms and folate deficiency, reveal a synergistic effect in concurrent alcohol users that may lead to an increased risk of developing esophageal cancer. Consequently, esophageal cancer prevention involves multiple aspects, including quitting drinking and smoking, maintaining an adequate oral health and ingesting adequate quantities of folate, particularly in genetically high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Rong Huo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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10
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Wall TL, Luczak SE, Hiller-Sturmhöfel S. Biology, Genetics, and Environment: Underlying Factors Influencing Alcohol Metabolism. Alcohol Res 2016; 38:59-68. [PMID: 27163368 PMCID: PMC4872614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene variants encoding several of the alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), are among the largest genetic associations with risk for alcohol dependence. Certain genetic variants (i.e., alleles)--particularly the ADH1B*2, ADH1B*3, ADH1C*1, and ALDH2*2 alleles--have been associated with lower rates of alcohol dependence. These alleles may lead to an accumulation of acetaldehyde during alcohol metabolism, which can result in heightened subjective and objective effects. The prevalence of these alleles differs among ethnic groups; ADH1B*2 is found frequently in northeast Asians and occasionally Caucasians, ADH1B*3 is found predominantly in people of African ancestry, ADH1C*1 varies substantially across populations, and ALDH2*2 is found almost exclusively in northeast Asians. Differences in the prevalence of these alleles may account at least in part for ethnic differences in alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, these alleles do not act in isolation to influence the risk of AUD. For example, the gene effects of ALDH2*2 and ADH1B*2 seem to interact. Moreover, other factors have been found to influence the extent to which these alleles affect a person's alcohol involvement, including developmental stage, individual characteristics (e.g., ethnicity, antisocial behavior, and behavioral undercontrol), and environmental factors (e.g., culture, religion, family environment, and childhood adversity).
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11
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Cai Q, Wu J, Cai Q, Chen EZ, Jiang ZY. Association between Glu504Lys polymorphism of ALDH2 gene and cancer risk: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117173. [PMID: 25680115 PMCID: PMC4334541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association of the aldehyde dehydrogenases-2 (ALDH2) Glu504Lys polymorphism (also named Glu487Lys, or rs671) and cancers has been investigated. This meta-analysis aims to comprehensively assess the influence of this polymorphism on the overall cancer risk. Methods Eligible publications were retrieved according to inclusion/exclusion criteria and the data were analyzed using the Review Manager software (V5.2). Results A meta-analysis based on 51 case-control studies consisting of 16774 cases and 32060 controls was performed to evaluate the association between the ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism and cancer risk. The comparison of genotypes Lys+ (Lys/Lys and Lys/Glu) with Glu/Glu yielded a significant 20% increased cancer risk (OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.03–1.39, P = 0.02, I2 = 92%). Subgroup analysis by cancer type indicated a significantly increased UADT cancer risk (OR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.11–1.73, P = 0.004, I2 = 94%) in individuals with the Lys+ genotypes. Subgroup analysis by country indicated that individuals from Japan with the Lys+ genotypes had a significant 38% increased cancer risk (OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.12–1.71, P = 0.003, I2 = 93%). Conclusions Our results indicated that the ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism is a susceptible loci associated with overall cancers, especially esophageal cancer and among Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cai
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qu Cai
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Er-Zhen Chen
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Yan Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Zhao H, Liu KJ, Lei ZD, Lei SL, Tian YQ. Meta-analysis of the aldehyde dehydrogenases-2 (ALDH2) Glu487Lys polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88656. [PMID: 24558407 PMCID: PMC3928247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have explored the association of the aldehyde dehydrogenases-2 (ALDH2) Glu487Lys polymorphism and risk of colorectal cancer; however, the results are inconsistent. We performed this meta-analysis to clarify this issue using all the available evidence. Relevant studies were retrieved by searching PubMed. Eleven case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis, representing 2909 cases and 4903 controls. The pooled results based on all included studies showed a decreased colorectal cancer risk in the analysis of the GA genotype vs. the GG genotype (OR = 0.81, 95%CI = 0.68-0.98, p = 0.03) and in the dominant genetic model analysis (OR = 0.81, 95%CI = 0.67-0.98, p = 0.03). However, there was no statistical difference in the AA vs. GG analysis (OR = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.52-1.06,p = 0.11) and the recessive genetic model analysis (OR = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.69-1.07, p = 0.17). Cumulative meta-analysis based on publication time confirmed these findings. Patients with colorectal cancer had a higher frequency of the GG genotype (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.02-1.20, p = 0.02) and a lower frequency of the GA genotype (OR = 0.89, 95%CI = 0.81-0.98, p = 0.02) comparing with control population. Our results suggested that the ALDH2 Glu487Lys polymorphism may be associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kui-Jie Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Lei
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - San-Lin Lei
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong-Quan Tian
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail:
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Helminen A, Väkeväinen S, Salaspuro M. ALDH2 genotype has no effect on salivary acetaldehyde without the presence of ethanol in the systemic circulation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74418. [PMID: 24058561 PMCID: PMC3772811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaldehyde associated with alcoholic beverages was recently classified as carcinogenic (Group 1) to humans based on uniform epidemiological and biochemical evidence. ALDH2 (aldehyde dehydrogenase 2) deficient alcohol consumers are exposed to high concentrations of salivary acetaldehyde and have an increased risk of upper digestive tract cancer. However, this interaction is not seen among ALDH2 deficient non-drinkers or rare drinkers, regardless of their smoking status or consumption of edibles containing ethanol or acetaldehyde. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of the ALDH2 genotype on the exposure to locally formed acetaldehyde via the saliva without ethanol ingestion. METHODS The ALDH2 genotypes of 17 subjects were determined by PCR-RFLP. The subjects rinsed out their mouths with 5 ml of 40 vol% alcohol for 5 seconds. Salivary ethanol and acetaldehyde levels were measured by gas chromatography. RESULTS Acetaldehyde reached mutagenic levels rapidly and the exposure continued for up to 20 minutes. The mean salivary acetaldehyde concentrations did not differ between ALDH2 genotypes. CONCLUSIONS For ALDH2 deficient subjects, an elevated exposure to endogenously formed acetaldehyde requires the presence of ethanol in the systemic circulation. IMPACT Our findings provide a logical explanation for how there is an increased incidence of upper digestive tract cancers among ALDH2 deficient alcohol drinkers, but not among those ALDH2 deficient subjects who are locally exposed to acetaldehyde without bloodborne ethanol being delivered to the saliva. Thus, ALDH2 deficient alcohol drinkers provide a human model for increased local exposure to acetaldehyde derived from the salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Helminen
- Research Unit on Acetaldehyde and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Satu Väkeväinen
- Research Unit on Acetaldehyde and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Salaspuro
- Research Unit on Acetaldehyde and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Sharma A, Das BC, Sehgal A, Mehrotra R, Kar P, Sardana S, Phukan R, Mahanta J, Purkayastha J, Saxena S, Kapur S, Chatterjee I, Sharma JK. GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism and susceptibility to esophageal cancer in high- and low-risk regions of India. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:3249-57. [PMID: 23749488 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0897-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione transferases, a super family of dimeric phase II metabolic enzymes play a vital role in biotransformation of many substances. This study evaluates the influence of genetic polymorphism of GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene loci on esophageal cancer risk in Assam and Delhi from India. DNA from blood samples of esophageal cancer cases (203,112) and controls (286,150) from Assam and Delhi, respectively, were extracted. GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were analyzed by multiplex PCR procedure. Differences in proportions were tested using Pearson's chi-square test with odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI). Risk of esophageal cancer was approximately twice in individuals having homozygous GSTM1 (OR-2.1, 95 % CI, 1.44-3.13) and GSTT1 null genotypes (OR-1.7,95 % CI, 0.99-2.77) in Assam, and around three times in GSTT1 null genotype (OR-2.9, 95 % CI, 1.56-5.27) in Delhi population. GSTM1 null genotype seems to play a protective role (OR-0.7, 95 % CI, 0.39-1.27) in Delhi. A significant association of GSTM1 null genotype with esophageal cancer was observed in a younger age group in Assam (OR-2.7, 95 % CI, 1.48-5.01), and in Delhi population association was observed in smokers with GSTT1 null genotype (OR-2.5, 95 % CI, 1.04-6.07), and alcoholics having GSTM1 null genotype (OR-2.6, 95 % CI, 0.99-6.77). Significant association of GSTM1 null genotype in Assam was observed between cancer cases and controls in fermented betel nut chewers only (OR-2.8, 95 % CI, 1.19-6.72), whereas, smoking and alcohol failed to show any correlation with GSTM1/GSTT1 genotypes. Cancer development is not only due to exogenous or endogenous carcinogens but depends on their interaction with genes that are involved in the detoxification of these carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Sharma
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICMR), I-7, Sector 39, Noida, 201301, India
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15
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Sun G, Hu W, Lu Y, Wang Y. A meta-analysis of HIF-1α and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) risk. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 19:685-93. [PMID: 23658132 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-013-9631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the correlation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression with clinical prognosis and efficacy of radiochemotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Studies assessing the clinical or prognostic significance of HIF-1α expression in ESCC published prior to December 2011 were selected by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) CNKI. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify the impact of HIF-1α expression on clinicopathological parameters or survival in ESCC. A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria, which included 1261 patients with ESCC. Accordingly, the level of HIF-1α expression in esophageal tissues of patients with ESCC was significantly higher than that in normal patients (odds ratio, OR = 33.111, 95 % confidence interval, CI = 11.912-92.040). The expression of HIF-1α correlated with the depth of invasion (OR = 1.701, 95 % CI = 1.076-4.705), clinical TNM stage (OR = 2.160, 95%CI = 1.516-3.077), as well as lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.393, 95 % CI = 1.319-4.344), regardless of differentiation grading (OR = 1.185, 95 % CI = 0.859-1.635). Furthermore, there was a significant association of increased HIF-1α expression with poorer radiochemotherapy outcomes, 2-year overall survival (OR = 0.219, 95 % CI = 0.104-0.461) and survival (OR = 0.320, 95 % CI = 0.115-0.887, P < 0.05) in patients with ESCC. In addition, HIF-1α expression correlated with VEGF expression in the ESCCs (OR = 4.635, 95%CI = 2.591-8.292). Increased expression of HIF-1α plays an important role in the malignant biology of ESCC resulting in significantly poorer radiochemotherapy outcomes and 2-year overall survival. HIF-1α expression may be a prognostic factor, as well as a potential target for therapy in patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guogui Sun
- Department of Chemoradiology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Hebei United University, Tangshan, 063000,, Hebei Province, China
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16
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Lin Y, Totsuka Y, He Y, Kikuchi S, Qiao Y, Ueda J, Wei W, Inoue M, Tanaka H. Epidemiology of esophageal cancer in Japan and China. J Epidemiol 2013; 23:233-42. [PMID: 23629646 PMCID: PMC3709543 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20120162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In preparation for a collaborative multidisciplinary study of the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer, the authors reviewed the published literature to identify similarities and differences between Japan and China in esophageal cancer epidemiology. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the predominant histologic type, while the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma remains extremely low in both countries. Numerous epidemiologic studies in both countries show that alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking are contributing risk factors for ESCC. There are differences, however, in many aspects of esophageal cancer between Japan and China, including cancer burden, patterns of incidence and mortality, sex ratio of mortality, risk factor profiles, and genetic variants. Overall incidence and mortality rates are higher in China than in Japan, and variation in mortality and incidence patterns is greater in China than in Japan. During the study period (1987–2000), the decline in age-adjusted mortality rates was more apparent in China than in Japan. Risk factor profiles differed between high- and low-incidence areas within China, but not in Japan. The association of smoking and drinking with ESCC risk appears to be weaker in China than in Japan. Genome-wide association studies in China showed that variants in several chromosome regions conferred increased risk, but only genetic variants in alcohol-metabolizing genes were significantly associated with ESCC risk in Japan. A well-designed multidisciplinary epidemiologic study is needed to examine the role of diet and eating habits in ESCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingsong Lin
- Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
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17
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Gao Y, He Y, Xu J, Xu L, Du J, Zhu C, Gu H, Ma H, Hu Z, Jin G, Chen X, Shen H. Genetic variants at 4q21, 4q23 and 12q24 are associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk in a Chinese population. Hum Genet 2013; 132:649-56. [PMID: 23430454 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A recently published genome-wide association study (GWAS) in European populations identified several loci at 4q21, 4q23 and 12q24 that were associated with risk of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In the current study, we conducted a case-control study in a Chinese population including 2,139 ESCC cases and 2,273 controls to evaluate the associations of six reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1494961, rs1229984, rs1789924, rs971074, rs671 and rs4767364) with risk of ESCC. We found significant association with risk of ESCC for four SNPs, including rs1494961 in HEL308 at 4q21 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.15, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.05-1.26], rs1229984 in ADH1B at 4q23 (OR = 1.24, 95 % CI = 1.13-1.36) and rs1789924 near ADH1C at 4q23 (OR = 1.20, 95 % CI = 1.03-1.39), and rs671 in ALDH2 at 12q24 (OR = 0.83, 95 % CI = 0.75-0.91). Combined analysis of these four SNPs showed a significant allele-dosage effect on ESCC risk for individuals with different number of risk alleles (P trend = 2.23 × 10(-11)). Compared with individuals with "0-2" risk allele, those carrying "3", "4" or "5 or more" risk alleles had 1.42-, 1.66-, or 1.76-fold risk of ESCC, respectively. Thus, our findings indicate that rs1494961 at 4q21, rs1229984 and rs1789924 at 4q23, and rs671 at 12q24 may be used as genetic biomarkers for ESCC susceptibility in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Wehby GL, von Hinke Kessler Scholder S. Genetic instrumental variable studies of effects of prenatal risk factors. BIODEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 2013; 59:4-36. [PMID: 23701534 PMCID: PMC3690512 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2013.774615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the effects of maternal risk factors during pregnancy on infant and child health is an area of tremendous research interest. However, policymakers are primarily interested in unraveling the causal effects of prenatal risk factors, not their associations with child health, which may be confounded by several unobserved factors. In this article, we evaluate the utility of genetic variants in three genes that have unequivocal evidence of being related to three major risk factors-CHRNA3 for smoking, ADH1B for alcohol use, and FTO for obesity-as instrumental variables for identifying the causal effects of such factors during pregnancy. Using two independent datasets, we find that these variants are overall predictive of the risk factors and are not systematically related to observed confounders, suggesting that they may be useful instruments. We also find some suggestive evidence that genetic effects are stronger during than before pregnancy. We provide an empirical example illustrating the use of these genetic variants as instruments to evaluate the effects of risk factors on birth weight. Finally, we offer suggestions for researchers contemplating the use of these variants as instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- George L. Wehby
- Assistant Professor, Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, E205 GH, Iowa City, IA 52242, Phone: 1-319-384-5133, Fax: 1-319-384-5125,
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Lu Y, Kang L, Hu K, Wang C, Sun X, Chen F, Kidd JR, Kidd KK, Li H. High diversity and no significant selection signal of human ADH1B gene in Tibet. INVESTIGATIVE GENETICS 2012; 3:23. [PMID: 23176670 PMCID: PMC3528464 DOI: 10.1186/2041-2223-3-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND ADH1B is one of the most studied human genes with many polymorphic sites. One of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs1229984, coding for the Arg48His substitution, have been associated with many serious diseases including alcoholism and cancers of the digestive system. The derived allele, ADH1B*48His, reaches high frequency only in East Asia and Southwest Asia, and is highly associated with agriculture. Micro-evolutionary study has defined seven haplogroups for ADH1B based on seven SNPs encompassing the gene. Three of those haplogroups, H5, H6, and H7, contain the ADH1B*48His allele. H5 occurs in Southwest Asia and the other two are found in East Asia. H7 is derived from H6 by the derived allele of rs3811801. The H7 haplotype has been shown to have undergone significant positive selection in Han Chinese, Hmong, Koreans, Japanese, Khazak, Mongols, and so on. METHODS In the present study, we tested whether Tibetans also showed evidence for selection by typing 23 SNPs in the region covering the ADH1B gene in 1,175 individuals from 12 Tibetan populations representing all districts of the Tibet Autonomous Region. Multiple statistics were estimated to examine the gene diversities and positive selection signals among the Tibetans and other populations in East Asia. RESULTS The larger Tibetan populations (Qamdo, Lhasa, Nagqu, Nyingchi, Shannan, and Shigatse) comprised mostly farmers, have around 12% of H7, and 2% of H6. The smaller populations, living on hunting or recently switched to farming, have lower H7 frequencies (Tingri 9%, Gongbo 8%, Monba and Sherpa 6%). Luoba (2%) and Deng (0%) have even lower frequencies. Long-range haplotype analyses revealed very weak signals of positive selection for H7 among Tibetans. Interestingly, the haplotype diversity of H7 is higher in Tibetans than in any other populations studied, indicating a longer diversification history for that haplogroup in Tibetans. Network analysis on the long-range haplotypes revealed that H7 in the Han Chinese did not come from the Tibetans but from a common ancestor of the two populations. CONCLUSIONS We argue that H7 of ADH1B originated in the ancestors of Sino-Tibetan populations and flowed to Tibetans very early. However, as Tibetans depend less on crops, and therefore were not significantly affected by selection. Thus, H7 has not risen to a high frequency, whereas the diversity of the haplogroup has accumulated to a very high level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Longli Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Tibet University for Nationalities, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kang Hu
- Tibet University for Nationalities, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuanchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoji Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Tibet University for Nationalities, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Judith R Kidd
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kenneth K Kidd
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Tibet University for Nationalities, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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20
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Gu H, Gong D, Ding G, Zhang W, Liu C, Jiang P, Chen S, Chen Y. A variant allele of ADH1B and ALDH2, is associated with the risk of esophageal cancer. Exp Ther Med 2012; 4:135-140. [PMID: 23060937 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic beverages are causally related to esophageal cancer. The genetic polymorphisms of the alcohol-metabolizing enzymes ADH1B rs1229984 and ALDH2 rs671 may modulate individual differences in alcohol-oxidizing capability. A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the genetic effects of these two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the development of esophageal cancer. A total of 380 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases and 380 controls were recruited. Genotypes were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Variant alleles of the functional polymorphism ADH1B rs1229984 SNP were associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer [adjusted odds ratio (OR)=2.39, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.42-4.03 for ADH1B rs1229984 GG vs. AA]. There was a borderline-significantly decreased risk between the ALDH2 rs671 genotype and esophageal cancer (adjusted OR=0.47, 95% CI=0.22-1.00 for ALDH2 rs671 AA vs. GG). Stratified analyses indicated that both of these effects were more evident among male, younger subjects and smokers. In conclusion, the functional polymorphisms ADH1B rs1229984 and ALDH2 rs671 may contribute to susceptibility to esophageal cancer, particularly among male, younger subjects and smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyong Gu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhejiang 212000
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21
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Hurley TD. Genes encoding enzymes involved in ethanol metabolism. Alcohol Res 2012; 34:339-44. [PMID: 23134050 PMCID: PMC3756590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of beverage alcohol (ethanol) on the body are determined largely by the rate at which it and its main breakdown product, acetaldehyde, are metabolized after consumption. The main metabolic pathway for ethanol involves the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Seven different ADHs and three different ALDHs that metabolize ethanol have been identified. The genes encoding these enzymes exist in different variants (i.e., alleles), many of which differ by a single DNA building block (i.e., single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]). Some of these SNPs result in enzymes with altered kinetic properties. For example, certain ADH1B and ADH1C variants that are commonly found in East Asian populations lead to more rapid ethanol breakdown and acetaldehyde accumulation in the body. Because acetaldehyde has harmful effects on the body, people carrying these alleles are less likely to drink and have a lower risk of alcohol dependence. Likewise, an ALDH2 variant with reduced activity results in acetaldehyde buildup and also has a protective effect against alcoholism. In addition to affecting drinking behaviors and risk for alcoholism, ADH and ALDH alleles impact the risk for esophageal cancer.
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