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Su YW, Lee AMC, Xu X, Hua B, Tapp H, Wen XS, Xian CJ. Methotrexate Chemotherapy Causes Growth Impairments, Vitamin D Deficiency, Bone Loss, and Altered Intestinal Metabolism-Effects of Calcitriol Supplementation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4367. [PMID: 37686643 PMCID: PMC10486381 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is prevalent in childhood cancer patients and survivors after chemotherapy; further studies are needed to investigate the underlying aetiology and effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in preventing chemotherapy-induced bone loss. This study used a rat model of treatment with antimetabolite methotrexate to investigate whether methotrexate chemotherapy causes vitamin D deficiency and if vitamin D supplementation attenuates the resultant bone loss. Methotrexate treatment (five daily injections) decreased serum vitamin D levels (from 52 to <30 ng/mL), reduced body and bone lengthening and tibial trabecular bone volume, and altered intestinal vitamin D metabolism, which was associated with intestinal mucosal damage known to cause malabsorption of nutrients, including dietary vitamin D and calcium. During the early stage after chemotherapy, mRNA expression increased for vitamin D activation enzyme CYP27B1 and for calcium-binding protein TRPV6 in the intestine. During the intestinal healing stage, expression of vitamin D catabolism enzyme CYP24 increased, and that of TRPV6 was normalised. Furthermore, subcutaneous calcitriol supplementation diminished methotrexate-induced bone loss due to its effect suppressing methotrexate-induced increased bone resorption. Thus, in young rats, methotrexate chemotherapy causes vitamin D deficiency, growth impairments, bone loss, and altered intestinal vitamin D metabolism, which are associated with intestinal damage, and vitamin D supplementation inhibits methotrexate-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Su
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (Y.-W.S.); (A.M.C.L.); (X.X.); (B.H.)
| | - Alice M. C. Lee
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (Y.-W.S.); (A.M.C.L.); (X.X.); (B.H.)
| | - Xukang Xu
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (Y.-W.S.); (A.M.C.L.); (X.X.); (B.H.)
| | - Belinda Hua
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (Y.-W.S.); (A.M.C.L.); (X.X.); (B.H.)
| | - Heather Tapp
- Department of Haematology & Oncology, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia;
| | - Xue-Sen Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
| | - Cory J. Xian
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (Y.-W.S.); (A.M.C.L.); (X.X.); (B.H.)
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Albanesi C, González-Castro M, López-Mañanes A. Understanding the early ontogenetic stages of Mugil liza (Mugilidae): Morphological traits and digestive/metabolic profile of pre-juveniles after recruitment. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:643-654. [PMID: 33124694 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The family Mugilidae consists mainly of diadromous species, whose reproduction occurs in offshore waters. Pre-juveniles shift their diet in the surf zone (zooplanktophagous to iliophagous). Later, during their recruitment into estuaries, huge changes take place in their digestive system. However, digestive and metabolic characteristics and some morphological traits at recruitment are unknown for Mugilidae. We performed comparative studies on early and late pre-juveniles of Mugil liza recruited in Mar Chiquita Coastal Lagoon (37°32'-37°45'S, 57°19'-57°26'W, Argentina). We determined digestive enzyme activities (intestine), energy reserves (liver/muscle), total/standard length, total weight, intestinal coefficient, hepatosomatic index and retroperitoneal fat. Pre-juveniles exhibited amylase, maltase, sucrase, lipase, trypsin and aminopeptidase-N (APN) activities, which were maintained over a wide range of pH and temperature, and exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics. In late pre-juveniles, amylase (422 ± 131 μmol maltose min-1 mgprot-1 ), sucrase (86 ± 14 mg glucose min-1 mgprot-1 ), trypsin (84 ± 9 μmoles min-1 mgprot-1 ) and APN (0.58 ± 0.08 μmoles min-1 mgprot-1 ) activities were higher (42%, 28%, 35% and 28%, respectively) than in the early stage. Also, the intestinal coefficient was higher in late (3.04) compared to early (2.06) pre-juveniles. Moreover, the liver appeared to be a main site of glycogen and triglyceride storage in late pre-juveniles, muscle being the site of storage in early pre-juveniles, exhibiting higher glycogen, free glucose and protein concentrations (92%, 82%, 32%, respectively). The results suggest that pre-juveniles of M. liza exhibit an adequate digestive battery to perform complete hydrolysis of various dietary substrates, availability of energy reserves and morphological characteristics to support their feeding habit and growth after recruitment. Our results represent an important contribution to knowledge of the ecology and digestive physiology of pre-juveniles of Mugilidae in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Albanesi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata CONICET-FCEyN, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Mariano González-Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata CONICET-FCEyN, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Alejandra López-Mañanes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata CONICET-FCEyN, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Ramiah SK, Atta Awad E, Hemly NIM, Ebrahimi M, Joshua O, Jamshed M, Saminathan M, Soleimani AF, Idrus Z. Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on regulatory appetite and heat stress protein genes in broiler chickens subjected to heat stress. J Anim Sci 2021; 98:5906578. [PMID: 32936879 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the effect of the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) supplement on the regulatory appetite and heat stress (HS) genes in broiler chickens raised under high or normal ambient temperatures. In this study, 240 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned to 48 battery cages. From day 1, these 48 cages were randomly subjected to four different treatment strategies: Control (wherein, their basal diet included 60 mg/kg of ZnO), ZNONPs 40 (wherein basal diet included 40 mg/kg of ZnONPs), ZnONPs 60 (basal diet included 60 mg/kg of ZnONPs), and ZnONPs 100 (basal diet included 100 mg/kg of ZnONPs). Thereafter, from day 22 to 42, the chickens from each dietary treatment group were subjected to different temperature stresses either normal (23 ± 1 °C constant) or HS (34 ± 1 °C for 6 h/d), which divided them into eight different treatment groups. Our findings revealed that dietary ZnONPs altered the gene expression of cholecystokinin (ileum), heat stress proteins (HSP) 70 (jejunum and ileum), and HSP 90 (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum). The gene expression of ghrelin was affected by the interaction between the ZnONPs concentration and temperature in the duodenum and stomach. More studies are required to elucidate its complex physiological and biochemical functions of the regulation of gene expression within the intestine in heat-stressed broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Kumari Ramiah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Preclinical Department, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Izzah Mohd Hemly
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahdi Ebrahimi
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Olubodun Joshua
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Jamshed
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mookiah Saminathan
- Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdoreza Farjam Soleimani
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Long C, Liu Y, He L, Yu R, Li D, Tan Z, Hui H. Bacterial lactase genes diversity in intestinal mucosa of dysbacterial diarrhea mice treated with Qiweibaizhu powder. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:423. [PMID: 30280074 PMCID: PMC6160371 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The current research tried to investigate the effect of Qiweibaizhu powder (QWBZP) on intestinal mucosa bacterial lactase gene from dysbacterial diarrhea mice, as the good therapeutic mechanism of QWBZP on antibiotics-induced diarrhea. Dysbacterial diarrhea mice model was constructed by gastric perfusion with mixture of cephradine capsules and gentamicin sulfate (23.33 mL kg-1 day-1) for 5 days. After the success of establishing diarrhea, the mice in treatment group were gavaged with QWBZP for 3 days. Intestinal mucosa in each group was collected, and diversity of bacterial lactase genes in intestinal mucosa of mice was carried out by Miseq metagenome sequencing. The results showed the Chao1, ACE, Simpson and Shannon indices in treatment group were lower than model group and were similar to control group. The same result was obtained from the operational taxonomic units (OTUs). There were 298, 435 and 254 OTUs in the control group, model group and treatment group, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that samples distribution in both normal and treatment groups were relatively intensive, distances among individuals were small, while opposite results were observed in model group. Moreover, antibiotics increased the diversity and abundance of bacterial lactase genes at phylum and genus levels. However, they decreased and were similar to control group after treating with QWBZP. Our results indicate that QWBZP has a positive effect on the recovery of bacterial lactase gene diversity to normal level. In addition, QWBZP increase the abundance of Lysobacter and Eukaryota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxing Long
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410208 Hunan China
- College of Mathematics and Finance, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000 Hunan China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410208 Hunan China
| | - Lu He
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410208 Hunan China
| | - Rong Yu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410208 Hunan China
| | - Dandan Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410208 Hunan China
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410208 Hunan China
| | - Huaying Hui
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410208 Hunan China
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Wang F, Yang D, Ding K, Fan J. The ethanol extract of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. leaves inhibits disaccharidase and glucose transport in Caco-2 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 163:99-105. [PMID: 25620383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The cortex and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. from the family Eucommiaceae are traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). Roasted Eucommiae cortex is utilized to reinforce the muscles and lungs, lower blood pressure and improve the tone of the liver and kidneys, while Eucommia ulmoides leaves (EUL) are traditionally used as folk remedies to treat diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS EUL extract, obtained by ethanol (40%) was loaded onto an AB-8 macroporous resin column, and washed thoroughly with 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80% (v/v) ethanol for purification. The ethanol eluents of EUL were first determined to inhibit α-glucosidase in vitro, and then the inhibition of the most potent eluent, i.e., 20% ethanol eluent of EUL (EEUL), against carbohydrate-degrading enzymes and glucose transport in Caco-2 cells was demonstrated. And computational modeling was also employed to evaluate the binding modes of compounds identified in EEUL by GC-MS analysis. RESULTS EEUL significantly inhibited α-glucosidase (43.08±0.55%) competitively in vitro and concentration-dependently suppressed sucrase (IC50, 0.07mg/mL) and maltase (IC50, 0.53mg/mL) in Caco-2 cells. The inhibitory activity of EEUL (0.02mg/mL) on sucrase and maltase was identical to that of acarbose (0.02mg/mL). Moreover, 1.0mg/mL EEUL decreased glucose transport in cells by 26.25±0.86%. GC-MS revealed that EEUL was rich in monosaccharides, polyphenols and esters, which comprised 47.16% of the total extract. Computational modeling showed that catechin, α-d-glucopyranose and d-mannono-1,4-lactone docked tightly into the sucrase active site with low binding energies. CONCLUSION These results indicated that EEUL exerted marked anti-hyperglycemic effects by suppressing disaccharidases and glucose transporters. Therefore, EUL is a beneficial source of inhibitors of carbohydrate-utilizing enzymes, glucose transporters, and potentially hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
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Vela G, Stark P, Socha M, Sauer AK, Hagmeyer S, Grabrucker AM. Zinc in gut-brain interaction in autism and neurological disorders. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:972791. [PMID: 25878905 PMCID: PMC4386645 DOI: 10.1155/2015/972791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing amount of research indicates that abnormalities in the gastrointestinal (GI) system during development might be a common factor in multiple neurological disorders and might be responsible for some of the shared comorbidities seen among these diseases. For example, many patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have symptoms associated with GI disorders. Maternal zinc status may be an important factor given the multifaceted effect of zinc on gut development and morphology in the offspring. Zinc status influences and is influenced by multiple factors and an interdependence of prenatal and early life stress, immune system abnormalities, impaired GI functions, and zinc deficiency can be hypothesized. In line with this, systemic inflammatory events and prenatal stress have been reported to increase the risk for ASD. Thus, here, we will review the current literature on the role of zinc in gut formation, a possible link between gut and brain development in ASD and other neurological disorders with shared comorbidities, and tie in possible effects on the immune system. Based on these data, we present a novel model outlining how alterations in the maternal zinc status might pathologically impact the offspring leading to impairments in brain functions later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Vela
- Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA
- Autismo ABP, 64639 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Peter Stark
- Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA
| | | | - Ann Katrin Sauer
- WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies, Neurology Department, Neurocenter of Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Simone Hagmeyer
- WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies, Neurology Department, Neurocenter of Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas M. Grabrucker
- WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies, Neurology Department, Neurocenter of Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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