1
|
Zhao B, Liu K, Liu X, Li Q, Li Z, Xi J, Xie F, Li X. Plant-derived flavonoids are a potential source of drugs for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3122-3145. [PMID: 38613172 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a dynamic pathological process that can be triggered by any chronic liver injury. If left unaddressed, it will inevitably progress to the severe outcomes of liver cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. In the past few years, the prevalence and fatality of hepatic fibrosis have been steadily rising on a global scale. As a result of its intricate pathogenesis, the quest for pharmacological interventions targeting liver fibrosis has remained a formidable challenge. Currently, no pharmaceuticals are exhibiting substantial clinical efficacy in the management of hepatic fibrosis. Hence, it is of utmost importance to expedite the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of this condition. Various research studies have revealed the ability of different natural flavonoid compounds to alleviate or reverse hepatic fibrosis through a range of mechanisms, which are related to the regulation of liver inflammation, oxidative stress, synthesis and secretion of fibrosis-related factors, hepatic stellate cells activation, and proliferation, and extracellular matrix synthesis and degradation by these compounds. This review summarizes the progress of research on different sources of natural flavonoids with inhibitory effects on liver fibrosis over the last decades. The anti-fibrotic effects of natural flavonoids have been increasingly studied, making them a potential source of drugs for the treatment of liver fibrosis due to their good efficacy and biosafety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhibei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 610032, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zeng Z, Lei Y, Yang C, Wu X, Zhang L, Yang Z, Chen L, Wang X, Belguise K, Li Y, Yi B. The Therapeutic Effects of Baicalein on the Hepatopulmonary Syndrome in the Rat Model of Chronic Common Bile Duct Ligation. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2024; 12:496-504. [PMID: 38779522 PMCID: PMC11106353 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is characterized by arterial oxygenation defects due to pulmonary vascular dilation in liver disease. To date, liver transplantation remains the only effective treatment for HPS. This study aimed to explore the preventative role of baicalein in HPS development. Methods Sixty male rats were randomly assigned to three groups: sham, common bile duct ligation (CBDL), and baicalein, receiving intraperitoneal injections of baicalein (40 mg·kg-1·d-1, diluted in saline) for 21 days. Survival rate, liver and kidney function, and bile acid metabolism levels were evaluated. Liver and lung angiogenesis and hepatic glycogen staining were assessed, and the expression of relevant proteins was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results Baicalein improved survival rates and hypoxemia in rats post-CBDL, reducing angiogenic protein levels and enhancing glucose homeostasis. Compared to the untreated group, baicalein suppressed the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factors, matrix metalloprotease 9 and C-X-C motif chemokine 2, and it increased the expression of glycemic regulatory proteins, including dipeptidyl peptidase-4, sirtuin 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1α, and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3. Conclusion Baicalein significantly improves hepatic function and hypoxia in HPS rats by attenuating pathological angiogenesis in the liver and lungs, showing promise as a treatment for HPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhao Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianfeng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- MCD, Center de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Karine Belguise
- MCD, Center de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yujie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cui Y, Li Z, Ni L, Yu S, Shan X, Hu P, Ji Z, Jing W, Zhou Y, Wang B, Dong H, Zhou J, Xie K, Yu Q. Induction of MTHFD2 in Macrophages Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species-mediated NF-κB Activation and Protects against Inflammatory Responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1345-1356. [PMID: 38407485 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The one-carbon metabolism enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) is critical for cancer cell proliferation and immune cell phenotypes, but whether it can contribute to macrophage inflammatory responses remains unclear. In this study, we show that MTHFD2 was upregulated by LPS in murine macrophages upon activation of the TLR4-MyD88-IKKα/β-NF-κB signaling pathway. MTHFD2 significantly attenuated LPS-induced macrophage proinflammatory cytokine production through its enzymatic activity. Notably, ablation of myeloid MTHFD2 rendered mice more sensitive to septic shock and CCl4-induced acute hepatitis. Mechanistically, MTHFD2 restrained IKKα/β-NF-κB activation and macrophage inflammatory phenotype by scavenging reactive oxygen species through the generation of NADPH. Our study reveals MTHFD2 as a "self-control" mechanism in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cui
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Health Management Center & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihan Li
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lina Ni
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Sujun Yu
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Shan
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Penghui Hu
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zemin Ji
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weijia Jing
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanzhao Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Baochen Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyuan Dong
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinxue Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Keliang Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiujing Yu
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Health Management Center & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdelrazek FN, Shalaby RA, Fahim SA, Essam RM, Anis SE, Attia YM, Abd El Malak NS. Novel fast dissolving freeze dried sublingual baicalin tablets for enhanced hepatoprotective effect: in-vitro characterization, cell viability, and in-vivo evaluation. Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:371-382. [PMID: 38613468 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2341243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Baicalin (BG), a natural product, has been used in the prevention and treatment of drug-induced liver injury (DILI); however, its poor solubility and extensive liver metabolism limit its pharmacological use. The aim of the present study was the formulation of fast-dissolving freeze-dried sublingual tablets (FFSTs) to increase BG dissolution, avoid first-pass metabolism, and overcome swallowing difficulties. FFSTs were prepared following a 23 factorial design. The effect of three independent variables namely matrix former, Maltodextrin, concentration (4%, and 6%), binder concentration (2%, and 3%), and binder type (Methocel E5, and Methocel E15) on the FFSTs' in-vitro disintegration time and percentage dissolution was studied along with other tablet characteristics. Differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, in-vitro HepG2 cell viability assay, and in-vivo characterization were also performed. F8 (6% Maltodextrin, 2% Mannitol, 2% Methocel E5), with desirability of 0.852, has been furtherly enhanced using 1%PEG (F10). F10 has achieved an in-vitro disintegration time of 41 secs, and 60.83% in-vitro dissolution after 2 min. Cell viability assay, in-vivo study in rats, and histopathological studies confirmed that pretreatment with F10 has achieved a significant hepatoprotective effect against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. The outcome of this study demonstrated that FFSTs may present a patient-friendly dosage form against DILI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farida N Abdelrazek
- Pharmaceutics Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rodayna A Shalaby
- Pharmaceutics Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sally A Fahim
- Biochemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reham M Essam
- Biology department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shady E Anis
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M Attia
- Pharmacology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nevine S Abd El Malak
- Pharmaceutics Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sorour A, Aly RG, Ragab HM, Wahid A. Structure Modification Converts the Hepatotoxic Tacrine into Novel Hepatoprotective Analogs. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:2491-2503. [PMID: 38250371 PMCID: PMC10795119 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The liver is responsible for critical functions such as metabolism, secretion, storage, detoxification, and the excretion of various compounds. However, there is currently no approved drug treatment for liver fibrosis. Hence, this study aimed to explore the potential hepatoprotective effects of chlorinated and nonchlorinated 4-phenyl-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives. Originally developed as tacrine analogs with reduced hepatotoxicity, these compounds not only lacked hepatotoxicity but also displayed a remarkable hepatoprotective effect. Treatment with these derivatives notably prevented the chemically induced elevation of hepatic indicators associated with liver injury. Additionally, the compounds restored the activities of defense antioxidant enzymes as well as levels of inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6), apoptotic proteins (Bax and Bcl2), and fibrogenic mediators (α-SMA and TGF-β) to normal levels. Histopathologic analysis confirmed the hepatoprotective activity of tetrahydroquinolines. Furthermore, computer-assisted simulation docking results were highly consistent with those of the observed in vivo activities. In conclusion, the designed tacrine analogs exhibited a hepatoprotective role in acute liver damage, possibly through their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amani
A. Sorour
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Rania G. Aly
- Department
of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria
University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Hanan M. Ragab
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Wahid
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Selvarani R, Van Michelle Nguyen H, Thadathil N, Wolf RF, Freeman WM, Wiley CD, Deepa SS, Richardson A. Characterization of novel mouse models to study the role of necroptosis in aging and age-related diseases. GeroScience 2023; 45:3241-3256. [PMID: 37792157 PMCID: PMC10643444 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the impact of necroptosis-induced chronic inflammation on age-related diseases and aging, two knockin mouse models (Ripk3-KI and Mlkl-KI) were generated that overexpress two genes involved in necroptosis (Ripk3 or Mlkl) when crossed to Cre transgenic mice. Crossing Ripk3-KI or Mlkl-KI mice to albumin-Cre transgenic mice produced hepatocyte specific hRipk3-KI or hMlkl-KI mice, which express the two transgenes only in the liver. Ripk3 and Mlkl proteins were overexpressed 10- and fourfold, respectively, in the livers of the hRipk3-KI or hMlkl-KI mice. Treating young (2-month) hRipk3-KI or hMlkl-KI mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), a chemical inducer of oxidative stress, resulted in increased necroptosis (Mlkl-oligomers) and inflammation in the liver compared to control mice receiving CCl4. Mlkl-oligomerization also was significantly increased in old (18-month) hRipk3-KI and hMlkl-KI mice compared to old control (Cre negative, Ripk3-KI and Mlkl-KI) mice. The increase in necroptosis was associated with an increase in inflammation, e.g., inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6) and macrophage markers (F4/80, CD68). Importantly, steatosis (triglycerides) and fibrosis (e.g., picrosirius red staining, hydroxyproline levels, and transcripts for TGFβ, Col1α1, and Col3α1) that increase with age were significantly higher in the livers of the old hRipk3-KI or hMlkl-KI mice compared to old control mice. In addition, markers of cellular senescence were significantly increased in the livers of the old hRipk3-KI and hMlkl-KI mice. Thus, the first mouse models have been developed that allow researchers to study the impact of inducing necroptosis in specific cells/tissues on chronic inflammation in aging and age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Selvarani
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Nidheesh Thadathil
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Roman F Wolf
- Okalahoma Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Willard M Freeman
- Okalahoma Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Okalahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Sathyaseelan S Deepa
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Okalahoma Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sharma S, Anand A, Verma N, Sharma V, Bhatia A, Patil AN, Banerjee D. Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Isoniazid and Acetylisoniazid in Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury Model in Wistar Rats. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2023; 15:139-145. [PMID: 37705856 PMCID: PMC10496850 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_320_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background N-acetyl transferase 2 (NAT2) polymorphism testing could not see the light of success as a biomarker tool in tuberculosis management. Additionally, the antitubercular treatment (ATT) drug's reintroduction regimen variations exist because of the scarcity of robust preclinical evidence on ATT drug metabolism. Objective The experiment was planned to understand the pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of isoniazid and acetylisoniazid (AcINH) in a Wistar rat model of acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and preclinical drug-induced liver injury (DILI) model induced with CCl4 + anti-Tuberculosis (TB) drugs together. Materials and Methods Thirty rats were used for the experiment and were divided into five groups. All rats were administered a single 0.5 ml/kg CCl4 intraperitoneal injection on day 0 to induce an animal model of DILI. Group I rats received CCl4 alone. Groups II-V were started on additional gavage feedings of isoniazid (H) alone, H plus rifampicin (R), H plus pyrazinamide (Z), and H, R, and Z together, respectively, daily for 21 days subsequently. Isoniazid and AcINH PK assessment was accomplished on day 20 of continuous once-daily dosing. Liver function test (LFT) monitoring was done at baseline on days 1, 7, and 21. On the last day of experiments, all experimental rats were sacrificed. Results Three-week ATT administration sustained the CCl4-induced LFT changes. Area under the curve (AUC) values for isoniazid and AcINH were found to be 2.24 and 1.69 times higher in the H + R group compared with the CCl4 + H group, respectively (P < 0.05). Isoniazid and AcINH maximum concentration (Cmax) reached the highest, while isoniazid clearance reached the lowest in the H + R group. AcINH AUC increased by double in the CCl4 + Isoniazid+Rifampicin+Pyrazinamide (HRZ) group compared with the CCl4 + H group (P < 0.05). Biochemical, histological, and antioxidant changes were consistent with the new liver injury model's development. Conclusion Rifampicin almost doubles up the isoniazid and AcINH exposure, in presence if DILI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Aishwarya Anand
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Nipun Verma
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Amol N. Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Dibyajyoti Banerjee
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Klatt KC, Petviashvili EJ, Moore DD. LRH-1 induces hepatoprotective nonessential amino acids in response to acute liver injury. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:168805. [PMID: 37009899 PMCID: PMC10065065 DOI: 10.1172/jci168805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute hepatic injury is observed in response to various stressors, including trauma, ingestion of hepatic toxins, and hepatitis. Investigations to date have focused on extrinsic and intrinsic signals required for hepatocytes to proliferate and regenerate the liver in response to injury, though there is a more limited understanding of induced stress responses promoting hepatocyte survival upon acute injury. In this issue of the JCI, Sun and colleagues detail a mechanism by which local activation of the nuclear receptor liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1; NR5A2) directly induces de novo asparagine synthesis and expression of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) in response to injury and show that this response restrains hepatic damage. This work opens up several avenues for inquiry, including the potential for asparagine supplementation to ameliorate acute hepatic injury.
Collapse
|
9
|
Boonyasuppayakorn S, Saelee T, Huynh TNT, Hairani R, Hengphasatporn K, Loeanurit N, Cao V, Vibulakhaophan V, Siripitakpong P, Kaur P, Chu JJH, Tunghirun C, Choksupmanee O, Chimnaronk S, Shigeta Y, Rungrotmongkol T, Chavasiri W. The 8-bromobaicalein inhibited the replication of dengue, and Zika viruses and targeted the dengue polymerase. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4891. [PMID: 36966240 PMCID: PMC10039358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue and Zika viruses are mosquito-borne flaviviruses burdening millions every year with hemorrhagic fever and neurological symptoms. Baicalein was previously reported as a potential anti-flaviviral candidate and halogenation of flavones and flavanones potentiated their antiviral efficacies. Here, we reported that a chemically modified 8-bromobaicalein effectively inhibited all dengue serotypes and Zika viruses at 0.66-0.88 micromolar in cell-based system. The compound bound to dengue serotype 2 conserved pocket and inhibited the dengue RdRp activity with 6.93 fold more than the original baicalein. Moreover, the compound was mildly toxic against infant and adult C57BL/6 mice despite administering continuously for 7 days. Therefore, the 8-bromobaicalein should be investigated further in pharmacokinetics and efficacy in an animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siwaporn Boonyasuppayakorn
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Thanaphon Saelee
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thao Nguyen Thanh Huynh
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Rita Hairani
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kowit Hengphasatporn
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Naphat Loeanurit
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Graduate School, Interdisciplinary Program in Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Van Cao
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Graduate School, Interdisciplinary Program in Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Vipanee Vibulakhaophan
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Panattida Siripitakpong
- Center of Excellence in Biocatalyst and Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Parveen Kaur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Medicine BSL3 Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chairat Tunghirun
- The Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Opas Choksupmanee
- The Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sarin Chimnaronk
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Center of Excellence in Biocatalyst and Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Warinthorn Chavasiri
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Plants-based medicine implication in the evolution of chronic liver diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114207. [PMID: 36916432 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic disorders are considered major health problems, due to their high incidence, increased risk of chronicling or death and the costs involved in therapies. A large number of patients with chronic liver diseases use herbal medicines and dietary supplements in parallel with allopathic treatment. The current review provides a thorough analysis of the studies conducted on the most important species of medicinal plants used in this disease, bioactive compounds and on the activity of herbal medicines in the evolution of chronic liver diseases. However, a negative aspect is that there is frequently a lack of comprehensive data on the progression of the illness and the living standards of patients who are affected when evaluating the effects of these phytocomponents on the evolution of chronic liver disease, the patients' health, and their quality of life. It is essential to take this impairment into account when evaluating the long-term effects of herbal treatments on the health of individuals who suffer from liver illness. Bioactive phytocomponents may be a suitable source for the development of novel medications due to the correlation between traditional uses and medical advances. Additional high-quality preclinical examinations utilizing cutting-edge approaches are needed to assess safety and effectiveness and to detect, categorize, and standardize the active substances and their formulations for the most suitable therapeutic management of liver illnesses.
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang X, Chu X, Tian Y, Xue Y, Zhang L, Li J, Hou H, Dong P, Wang J. Preventive effect of salmon sperm DNA on acute carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice through Nrf2/ARE and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:733-742. [PMID: 36789059 PMCID: PMC9922120 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver injury refers to the damage of liver function, which will seriously harm the body's health if it is not prevented and treated in time. Sporadic researches have reported that ingestion of DNA has a hepatoprotective effect, but its effect and mechanism were not clarified. The purpose of this study was to explore the preventive effect and mechanism of salmon sperm DNA on acute liver injury in mice induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Six-week-old ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) male mice were used to establish a liver injury model by injecting with 4% CCl4, silymarin, and three different concentrations of DNA solutions were given to mice by gavage for 14 days. The histological and pathological changes in the liver were observed. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum and the levels of oxidative and antioxidant markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione (GSH) in liver tissue were determined. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and hepatic oxidative stress and apoptosis-related markers were determined by western blotting. The results showed that compared with the model group, the DNA test group significantly improved the liver pathological changes and the level of liver function, regulated liver oxidative stress, reduced hepatocyte apoptosis, and decreased the levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6. Compared with the silymarin group, the high dose of DNA was even more effective in preventing liver injury. In conclusion, salmon sperm DNA has a potential protective effect against acute liver injury induced by CCl4, which is achieved by regulating the Nrf2/ARE (nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2/antioxidant responsive element) oxidative stress pathway and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Huang
- College of Food Science and EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Xu Chu
- College of Food Science and EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Yingying Tian
- College of Food Science and EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Yuhan Xue
- College of Food Science and EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Food Science and EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Hu Hou
- College of Food Science and EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Ping Dong
- College of Food Science and EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Scutellaria baicalensis and its constituents baicalin and baicalein as antidotes or protective agents against chemical toxicities: a comprehensive review. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:1297-1329. [PMID: 35676380 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis (SB), also known as the Chinese skullcap, has a long history of being used in Chinese medicine to treat a variety of conditions ranging from microbial infections to metabolic syndrome and malignancies. Numerous studies have reported that treatment with total SB extract or two main flavonoids found in its root and leaves, baicalin (BA) and baicalein (BE), can prevent or alleviate the detrimental toxic effects of exposure to various chemical compounds. It has been shown that BA and BE are generally behind the protective effects of SB against toxicants. This paper aimed to review the protective and therapeutic effects of SB and its main components BA and BE against chemical compounds that can cause intoxication after acute or chronic exposure and seriously affect different vital organs including the brain, heart, liver, and kidneys. In this review paper, we had a look into a total of 221 in vitro and in vivo studies from 1995 to 2021 from the scientific databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science which reported protective or therapeutic effects of BA, BE, or SB against drugs and chemicals that one might be exposed to on a professional or accidental basis and compounds that are primarily used to simulate disease models. In conclusion, the protective effects of SB and its flavonoids can be mainly attributed to increase in antioxidants enzymes, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, reduction of inflammatory cytokines, and suppression of apoptosis pathway.
Collapse
|
13
|
Feng JY, Xie YQ, Zhang P, Zhou Q, Khan A, Zhou ZH, Xia XS, Liu L. Hepatoprotective Polysaccharides from Geranium wilfordii: Purification, Structural Characterization, and Their Mechanism. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113602. [PMID: 35684541 PMCID: PMC9182495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine is generally used as a decoction to guard health. Many active ingredients in the decoction are chemical ingredients that are not usually paid attention to in phytochemical research, such as polysaccharides, etc. Based on research interest in Chinese herbal decoction, crude polysaccharides from G. wilfordii (GCP) were purified to obtain two relatively homogeneous polysaccharides, a neutral polysaccharide (GNP), and an acid polysaccharide (GAP) by various chromatographic separation methods, which were initially characterized by GC-MS, NMR, IR, and methylation analysis. Studies on the hepatoprotective activity of GCP in vivo showed that GCP might be a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of acute liver injury by inhibiting the secretion levels of ALT, AST, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MDA expression levels, increasing SOD, and the GSH-Px activity value. Further, in vitro assays, GNP and GAP, decrease the inflammatory response by inhibiting the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α, involved in the STAT1/T-bet signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Feng
- Yunnan Yunzhong Research Institute of Nutrition and Health, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (J.-Y.F.); (Y.-Q.X.); (P.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Z.-H.Z.)
| | - Yan-Qing Xie
- Yunnan Yunzhong Research Institute of Nutrition and Health, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (J.-Y.F.); (Y.-Q.X.); (P.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Z.-H.Z.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- Yunnan Yunzhong Research Institute of Nutrition and Health, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (J.-Y.F.); (Y.-Q.X.); (P.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Z.-H.Z.)
| | - Qian Zhou
- Yunnan Yunzhong Research Institute of Nutrition and Health, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (J.-Y.F.); (Y.-Q.X.); (P.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Z.-H.Z.)
| | - Afsar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan;
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhou
- Yunnan Yunzhong Research Institute of Nutrition and Health, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (J.-Y.F.); (Y.-Q.X.); (P.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Z.-H.Z.)
| | - Xian-Song Xia
- Yunnan Yunzhong Research Institute of Nutrition and Health, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (J.-Y.F.); (Y.-Q.X.); (P.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Z.-H.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (X.-S.X.)
| | - Lu Liu
- Yunnan Yunzhong Research Institute of Nutrition and Health, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (J.-Y.F.); (Y.-Q.X.); (P.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Z.-H.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (X.-S.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ke PY, Chang CW, Hsiao YC. Baicalein Activates Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy through NDP52 and OPTN. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071132. [PMID: 35406696 PMCID: PMC8997844 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The elimination of intracellular components by autophagy maintains metabolic homeostasis and is a quality-control pathway that enables organelle regeneration. Mitophagy is a type of selective autophagy that regulates mitochondrial turnover, and the dysregulation of mitophagy has been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. However, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying mitophagy regulation in liver cells remains unclear, and the small molecules that may potentially modulate hepatic mitophagy are still unavailable. Here, we report that baicalein, a flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis, induces the entire autophagy that proceeds through the autolysosome maturation stage in human hepatoma cells. In addition, baicalein-induced autophagy is demonstrated to target mitochondria for degradation. Further studies show that baicalein triggers the translocation of Parkin and TBK1 to mitochondria to induce mitophagy. Moreover, the phosphorylation of TBK1 at Ser172 and ubiquitin at Ser65 is shown to trigger mitophagy in baicalein-treated cells. Furthermore, two specific autophagy cargo receptors, NDP52 and OPTN, that function in baicalein-activated mitophagy are identified. Taken together, these findings not only delineate the molecular process of Parkin-dependent mitophagy in liver cells, but also reveal baicalein as a novel inducer of hepatic mitophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (Y.-C.H.)
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-2118800 (ext. 5115); Fax: +886-3-211-8700
| | - Chih-Wei Chang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (Y.-C.H.)
| | - Yuan-Chao Hsiao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (Y.-C.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hu Z, Guan Y, Hu W, Xu Z, Ishfaq M. An overview of pharmacological activities of baicalin and its aglycone baicalein: New insights into molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:14-26. [PMID: 35656442 PMCID: PMC9118284 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.60380.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoids, baicalin, and its aglycone baicalein possess multi-fold therapeutic properties and are mainly found in the roots of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. These flavonoids have been reported to possess various pharmacological properties, including antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, anticonvulsant, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. The pharmacological properties of baicalin and baicalein are due to their abilities to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interaction with various signaling molecules associated with apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, cell cycle, mitochondrial dynamics, and cytoprotection. In this review, we summarized the molecular mechanisms underlying the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic applications of baicalin and baicalein in the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. In addition, the preventive effects of baicalin and baicalein on mitochondrial dynamics and functions were highlighted with a particular emphasis on their anti-oxidative and cytoprotective properties. The current review highlights could be useful for future prospective studies to further improve the pharmacological applications of baicalein and baicalin. These studies should define the threshold for optimal drug exposure, dose optimization and focus on therapeutic drug monitoring, objective disease markers, and baicalin/baicalein drug levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Hu
- College of Computer Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yurong Guan
- College of Computer Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Wanying Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- Hubei Zhiying Medical Imaging Center, Radiology Department of Huanggang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- College of Computer Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ashour AA, El-Kamel AH, Abdelmonsif DA, Khalifa HM, Ramadan AA. Modified Lipid Nanocapsules for Targeted Tanshinone IIA Delivery in Liver Fibrosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:8013-8033. [PMID: 34916792 PMCID: PMC8671377 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s331690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Liver fibrosis represents a serious global disease with no approved treatment. Tanshinone IIA (TSIIA) is a phytomedicine with documented activity in treating many hepatic disorders. TSIIA has been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It can also induce apoptosis for activated hepatic stellate cells, and is thereby considered as a promising herbal remedy for treating fibrotic liver. However, its poor aqueous solubility, short half-life, exposure to the first-pass effect, and low concentration reaching targeted cells constitute the major barriers hindering its effective therapeutic potential. Therefore, this work aimed at enhancing TSIIA systemic bioavailability together with achieving active targeting potential to fibrotic liver via its incorporation into novel modified lipid nanocapsules (LNCs). Methods Blank and TSIIA-loaded LNCs modified with either hyaluronate sodium or phosphatidyl serine were successfully prepared, optimized, and characterized both in vitro and in vivo. Results The developed LNCs showed good colloidal properties (size ≤100 nm and PDI ≤0.2), high drug-entrapment efficiency (>97%) with sustained-release profile for 24 hours, high storage stability up to 6 months, and good in vitro serum stability. After a single intraperitoneal injection, the administered LNCs exhibited a 2.4-fold significant increase in AUC0–∞ compared with the TSIIA suspension (p≤0.01). Biodistribution-study results proved the liver-targeting ability of the prepared modified LNCs, with a significant ~1.5-fold increase in hepatic accumulation compared with the unmodified formulation (p≤0.05). Moreover, the modified formulations had an improved antifibrotic effect compared with both unmodified LNCs and TSIIA suspension, as evidenced by the results of biochemical and histopathological evaluation. Conclusion The modified TSIIA-LNCs could be regarded as promising novel targeted nanomedicines for effective management of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Amal H El-Kamel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Abdelmonsif
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21131, Egypt.,Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications (CERRMA), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21131, Egypt
| | - Hoda M Khalifa
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21131, Egypt
| | - Alyaa A Ramadan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ren Z, Huo Y, Zhang Q, Chen S, Lv H, Peng L, Wei H, Wan C. Protective Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1201 Combined with Galactooligosaccharide on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124441. [PMID: 34959993 PMCID: PMC8706614 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) has a high mortality rate of approximately 20–40%, and it is imperative to find complementary and alternative drugs for treating ALI. A carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced ALI mouse model was established to explore whether dietary intervention can alleviate ALI in mice. Intestinal flora, intestinal integrity, biomarkers of hepatic function, systemic inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis signals were detected through a real-time PCR, hematoxylin-eosin staining, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and so on. The results showed that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1201 had a strongly antioxidant ability, and galactooligosaccharide (GOS) could boost its growth. Based on these findings, the combination of L. plantarum 1201 and GOS, the synbiotic, was applied to prevent CCl4-induced ALI in mice. The current research proved that GOS promoted the intestinal colonization of L. plantarum 1201, and the synbiotic improved the antioxidant capacity of the host, regulated the intestinal flora, repaired the intestinal barrier, inhibited the activation of the MAPK/NF-κB pathway, and then inhibited the apoptosis and autophagy pathways, relieving inflammation and liver oxidation; thereby, the ALI of mice was alleviated. These results suggest that synbiotics may become a new research direction for liver-protecting drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyue Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.R.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (L.P.); (H.W.)
| | - Yalan Huo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Qimeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.R.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (L.P.); (H.W.)
| | - Shufang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.R.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (L.P.); (H.W.)
| | - Huihui Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.R.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (L.P.); (H.W.)
| | - Lingling Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.R.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (L.P.); (H.W.)
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.R.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (L.P.); (H.W.)
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Cuixiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.R.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (L.P.); (H.W.)
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-8833-4578; Fax: +86-791-8833-3708
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bellassoued K, Hamed H, Ghrab F, Kallel R, Van Pelt J, Makni Ayadi F, Elfeki A. Antioxidant and hepatopreventive effects of Cassia angustifolia extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:486-496. [PMID: 31397186 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1650778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of methanol fraction from Cassia angustifolia leaf extract (MECA), associated with its phytochemical content, on CCl4-induced hepatic toxicity in adult rats. In the controls, CCl4 induced an increase of serum biochemical parameters and triggered oxidative stress in the liver. MECA caused significant reductions in CCl4-elevated levels of hepatic markers, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein and increased the level of high-density lipoprotein compared to the CCl4 group. Moreover, pretreatment with the MECA produced significant reductions in lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and protein carbonyl level in liver tissues as compared with the untreated group. The formation of pathological hepatic lesions was strongly prevented by MECA. Overall, this study suggests that administration of MECA has a high potential to quench free radicals and alleviate CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Bellassoued
- Department of Life Sciences, Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Houda Hamed
- Department of Life Sciences, Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ferdaws Ghrab
- Department of Coastal and Urban Environments, National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rim Kallel
- Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Anatomopathology Laboratory, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jos Van Pelt
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Clinical Digestive Oncology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fatma Makni Ayadi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelfattah Elfeki
- Department of Life Sciences, Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu J, Wu Y, Wang Y, Wu X, Li Y, Gao C, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Cai J, Su Z. Hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharide isolated from Sonneratia apetala fruits on acetaminophen-induced liver injury mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
20
|
Wang WX, Liu F, Li JY, Xue J, Li YT, Liu RM. A cocrystal for effectively reducing the hepatotoxicity of ethionamide. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
21
|
Jia S, Chen Q, Wu J, Yao X, Shao J, Cheng X, Zhang C, Cen D, Wang Y, Shen Z, Shan L, Yao X. Danshensu derivative ADTM ameliorates CCl 4‑induced acute liver injury in mice through inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 228:153656. [PMID: 34749210 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies reported a novel danshensu derivative (R)-(3,5,6-Trimethylpyrazinyl) methyl-2-acetoxy-3-(3,4-diacetoxyphenyl) propanoate (ADTM), which conferred cardioprotective, neuroprotective and anti-thrombotic effects. Here we aim to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of ADTM on acute liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and the underlying molecular mechanisms. ADTM (30 and 60 mg/kg) was given to mice by gavage for two weeks. At the last day mice were injected with 0.3% CCl4, 10 mL/kg, ip for 24 h. Clinical and histological chemistry assays were performed to assess liver injury. Moreover, hepatic oxidative stress and apoptosis related markers were determined by western blotting. As a result, ADTM significantly protected against CCl4-induced liver injury by the decrease of elevated serum transaminases and liver index, and the attenuation of histopathological changes in mice. In addition, ADTM remarkably alleviated hepatic oxidative stress (MDA contents and SOD activity) and apoptosis. Further studies revealed that ADTM significantly inhibited the CCl4-induced upregulation of Bax/Bcl-2, increased the CCl4-induced decrease of AKT phosphorylation and inhibited the expression level of NF-κB p65 in CCl4-intoxicated mice. These findings suggest that ADTM possesses the potential protective effects against CCl4-induced liver injury in mice by exerting antioxidative stress and antiapoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Jia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Qi Chen
- Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Xiaokun Yao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Jingping Shao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Cheng
- Beijing Center for Physical & Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Danwei Cen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhihong Shen
- Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Luchen Shan
- Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Xiaomin Yao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo 315100, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and ALOX12 and NF-κB Pathways Contribute to the Protective Effect of Baicalein on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060976. [PMID: 34207230 PMCID: PMC8235740 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the protective effect of baicalein on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Mice were orally administrated baicalein at 25 and 100 mg/kg/day for 7 consecutive days or ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) at 10 mg/kg was i.p. injected in mice at 2 and 24 h prior to CCl4 injection or the vehicle. Our results showed that baicalein or Fer-1 supplementation significantly attenuated CCl4 exposure-induced elevations of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde levels in the liver tissues and unregulated glutathione levels. Baicalein treatment inhibited the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway, activated the erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway in liver tissues, and markedly improved CCl4-induced apoptosis, inflammation and ferroptosis in liver tissues exposed with CCl4. In vitro, baicalein treatment improved CCl4 -induced decreases of cell viabilities and knockdown of Nrf2 and arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12) genes partly abolished the protective effect of baicalein on CCl4 -induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, our results reveal that baicalein supplementation ameliorates CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice by upregulating the antioxidant defense pathways and downregulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation and ferroptosis, which involved the activation of Nrf2 pathway and the inhibition of ALOX12 and NF-κB pathways.
Collapse
|
23
|
Üstüner MC, Tanrikut C, Üstüner D, Kolaç UK, Köroğlu ZÖ, Burukoğlu D, Entok E. The effect of baicalein on endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy on liver damage. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1624-1633. [PMID: 33779329 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211003634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a toxic chemical that causes liver injury. CCl4 triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR triggers autophagy to deal with the damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of baicalein, derived from Scutellaria baicalensis, on CCl4-induced liver damage concerning ER stress and autophagy. Two groups of Wistar albino rats (n = 7/groups) were treated with 0.2 ml/kg CCl4 for 10 days with and without baicalein. Histological and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, autophagy, and ER stress markers measurements were carried out to evaluate the effect of baicalein. Histological examinations showed that baicalein reduced liver damage. TEM analysis indicated that baicalein inhibited ER stress and triggered autophagy. CCl4-induced elevation of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), glucose-regulating protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), inositol requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), pancreatic ER kinase (PERK), and active/spliced form of X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1s) ER stress markers were decreased by baicalein. Baicalein also increased the autophagy-related 5 (ATG5), Beclin1, and Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3-phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated form (LC3-II) autophagy marker levels. In conclusion, baicalein reduced the CCl4-induced liver damage by inhibiting ER stress and the trigger of autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Üstüner
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - C Tanrikut
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - D Üstüner
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Vocational School of Health Services, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - U K Kolaç
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Efeler, Turkey
| | - Z Özdemir Köroğlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - D Burukoğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - E Entok
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Potential Effects of Nutraceuticals in Retinopathy of Prematurity. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020079. [PMID: 33499180 PMCID: PMC7912639 DOI: 10.3390/life11020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the most common cause of childhood blindness, is a hypoxia-induced eye disease characterized by retinal neovascularization. In the normal retina, a well-organized vascular network provides oxygen and nutrients as energy sources to maintain a normal visual function; however, it is disrupted when pathological angiogenesis is induced in ROP patients. Under hypoxia, inadequate oxygen and energy supply lead to oxidative stress and stimulate neovasculature formation as well as affecting the function of photoreceptors. In order to meet the metabolic needs in the developing retina, protection against abnormal vascular formation is one way to manage ROP. Although current treatments provide beneficial effects in reducing the severity of ROP, these invasive therapies may also induce life-long consequences such as systemic structural and functional complications as well as neurodevelopment disruption in the developing infants. Nutritional supplements for the newborns are a novel concept for restoring energy supply by protecting the retinal vasculature and may lead to better ROP management. Nutraceuticals are provided in a non-invasive manner without the developmental side effects associated with current treatments. These nutraceuticals have been investigated through various in vitro and in vivo methods and are indicated to protect retinal vasculature. Here, we reviewed and discussed how the use of these nutraceuticals may be beneficial in ROP prevention and management.
Collapse
|
25
|
Chang SN, Kim SH, Dey DK, Park SM, Nasif O, Bajpai VK, Kang SC, Lee J, Park JG. 5-O-Demethylnobiletin Alleviates CCl 4-Induced Acute Liver Injury by Equilibrating ROS-Mediated Apoptosis and Autophagy Induction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031083. [PMID: 33499185 PMCID: PMC7865239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymethoxyflavanoids (PMFs) have exhibited a vast array of therapeutic biological properties. 5-O-Demethylnobiletin (5-DN) is one such PMF having anti-inflammatory activity, yet its role in hepatoprotection has not been studied before. Results from in vitro study revealed that 5-DN did not exert a high level of cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells at 40 μM, and it was able to rescue HepG2 cell death induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Subsequently, we investigated acute liver injury on BALB/c mice induced by CCl4 through the intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL/kg CCl4 and co-administration of 5-DN at (1 and 2 mg/kg) by oral gavage for 15 days. The results illustrated that treatment with 5-DN attenuated CCl4-induced elevated serum aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio and significantly ameliorated severe hepatic damage such as inflammation and fibrosis evidenced through lesser aberrations in the liver histology of 5-DN dose groups. Additionally, 5-DN efficiently counteracted and equilibrated the production of ROS accelerated by CCl4 and dramatically downregulated the expression of CYP2E1 vitally involved in converting CCl4 to toxic free radicals and also enhanced the antioxidant enzymes. 5-DN treatment also inhibited cell proliferation and inflammatory pathway abnormally regulated by CCl4 treatment. Furthermore, the apoptotic response induced by CCl4 treatment was remarkably reduced by enhanced Bcl-2 expression and noticeable reduction in Bax, Bid, cleaved caspase 3, caspase 9, and apaf-1 expression. 5-DN treatment also induced the conversion of LC3 and promoted the autophagic flux. Conclusively, 5-DN exhibited hepatoprotective effects in vitro and in vivo and prevented liver fibrosis induced by CCl4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukkum Ngullie Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea; (S.N.C.); (D.K.D.); (S.C.K.)
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center (ABCC), Pohang Technopark Foundation, Pohang 37668, Korea; (S.H.K.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Se Ho Kim
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center (ABCC), Pohang Technopark Foundation, Pohang 37668, Korea; (S.H.K.); (S.M.P.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Debasish Kumar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea; (S.N.C.); (D.K.D.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Seon Min Park
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center (ABCC), Pohang Technopark Foundation, Pohang 37668, Korea; (S.H.K.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Omaima Nasif
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University (Medical City), King Khalid University Hospital, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Vivek K. Bajpai
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Seoul 04620, Korea
- Correspondence: (V.K.B.); (J.T.L.); (J.G.P.); Fax: +82-32-872-4046 (V.K.B.); +82-53-810-4631 (J.L.); +82-54-223-2780 (J.G.P.)
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea; (S.N.C.); (D.K.D.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (V.K.B.); (J.T.L.); (J.G.P.); Fax: +82-32-872-4046 (V.K.B.); +82-53-810-4631 (J.L.); +82-54-223-2780 (J.G.P.)
| | - Jae Gyu Park
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center (ABCC), Pohang Technopark Foundation, Pohang 37668, Korea; (S.H.K.); (S.M.P.)
- Correspondence: (V.K.B.); (J.T.L.); (J.G.P.); Fax: +82-32-872-4046 (V.K.B.); +82-53-810-4631 (J.L.); +82-54-223-2780 (J.G.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xiao T, Cui Y, Ji H, Yan L, Pei D, Qu S. Baicalein attenuates acute liver injury by blocking NLRP3 inflammasome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:212-218. [PMID: 33272570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infection and/or drug-mediated acute liver injury, the leading cause of lethal liver failure, is a critical health problem worldwide and lacks effective treatment. Here, we used Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-gal)-treated primary hepatocytes to screen a natural library that contains 1130 chemicals. Baicalein in the library showed highest inhibitory effects against LPS/D-Gal-induced liver injury. In-vivo study similarly validated the protection of baicalein against dampened liver function and increased lethality after a challenge of LPS/D-Gal. Using a cytometric bead array, we found that IL-1α and IL-1β, the downstream of NLRP3, had highest reduction among the plasma inflammatory cytokines in LPS/D-Gal-challenged mice after a treatment of baicalein. To determine the target of baicalein and the underlying mechanism, Nlrp3-/-, Gsdmd-/- or WT mice were treated with or without baicalein, IL-1R antibody or recombinant mouse IL-1β (rmIL-1β) prior to a challenge of LPS/D-Gal. Deficiency of Nlrp3 or Gsdmd significantly restored LPS/D-Gal-induced acute liver injury and lethality, and further administration of baicalein did not have additive effects. In addition, the inhibition of the downstream by IL-1R antibody phenocopied the knockout of Nlrp3 or Gsdmd. Moreover, a challenge of rmIL-1β reversed the improvement in Nlrp3-/- mice or the mice treated with baicalein. Taken together, NLRP3 functions as a pivotal promoter in acute liver injury and baicalein attenuates acute liver injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, PR China
| | - Yulong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, PR China
| | - Heyu Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, PR China
| | - Lulu Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, PR China
| | - Dongjie Pei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, PR China
| | - Shuangquan Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wei E, Zhang S, Zhai J, Wu S, Wang G. The evaluation of hepatoprotective effects of flavonoids from Scorzonera austriaca Wild against CCl 4-induced acute liver injury in vitro and in vivo. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1284-1294. [PMID: 32921158 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1815763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Scorzonera austriaca Wild is a traditional herbal medicine; however, little is known with regard to the effect of flavonoids from S. austriaca (FSA) on liver injury induced by Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), especially the mechanism remains unknown. Therefore, our paper was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of FSA against CCl4-induced acute liver injury in vitro and in vivo, with focus on its potential mechanism. The purity of FSA prepared by using polyporous resin column chromatography could reach 94.5%, and seven flavonoid compounds in FSA were identified by using LC-ESI-MS analysis. In vivo results showed that FSA markedly decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malonaldehyde (MDA) and increased the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro results confirmed that FSA could inhibit inflammatory response, as evidenced by decreasing the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) through inactivating toll-like receptor-4/nuclear factor-κB (TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathway. FSA activated autophagy by increasing the ratio of LC3B-II/I and decreasing the protein level of p62 so as to exert its hepatoprotective effect. In general, these evidences suggested that FSA is likely to serve as a potential material for the drugs against chemical hepatic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enwei Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sixi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinghui Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sitong Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangshu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Polyphenols by Generating H 2O 2, Affect Cell Redox Signaling, Inhibit PTPs and Activate Nrf2 Axis for Adaptation and Cell Surviving: In Vitro, In Vivo and Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090797. [PMID: 32867057 PMCID: PMC7555200 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human health benefits from different polyphenols molecules consumption in the diet, derived mainly by their common activities in the gastrointestinal tract and at the level of blood micro-capillary. In the stomach, intestine and colon, polyphenols act as reducing agents preventing lipid peroxidation, generation and absorption of AGEs/ALEs (advanced glycation end products/advanced lipid oxidation end products) and postprandial oxidative stress. The low absorption of polyphenols in blood does not support their activity as antioxidants and their mechanism of activity is not fully understood. The results are from in vitro, animal and human studies, detected by relevant oxidative stress markers. The review carries evidences that polyphenols, by generating H2O2 at nM concentration, exogenous to cells and organs, act as activators of signaling factors increasing cell Eustress. When polyphenols attain high concentration in the blood system, they generate H2O2 at µM concentration, acting as cytotoxic agents and Distress. Pre-treatment of cells or organisms with polyphenols, by generating H2O2 at low levels, inhibits cellular PTPs (protein tyrosine phosphatases), inducing cell signaling through transcription of the Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) axis of adaptation and protection to oxidation stress. Polyphenols ingestion at the right amount and time during the meal acts synergistically at the level of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and blood system, for keeping the redox homeostasis in our organism and better balancing human health.
Collapse
|
29
|
Kouam AF, Owona BA, Fifen R, Njayou FN, Moundipa PF. Inhibition of CYP2E1 and activation of Nrf2 signaling pathways by a fraction from Entada africana alleviate carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04602. [PMID: 32904230 PMCID: PMC7452572 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Entada africana is used in non-conventional medicine for the management of liver ailments. A fraction, designated EaF10 (methylene chloride/methanol 90:10, v/v) with promising hepatoprotective activity has been isolated. Since the mechanisms underlying EaF10 hepatoprotective action remain unknown, this study was undertaken to investigate the anti-hepatotoxic mechanism of the fraction against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity and its antioxidant properties. Antioxidant activities of EaF10 were assessed through four chemical antioxidant assays and its anti-hepatotoxic effect evaluated in vivo and in vitro by post-treatment (25 or 100 mg/Kg) or co-treatment (6.25–100 μg/mL) in CCl4-intoxicated mice and normal human liver cells line L-02 hepatocytes respectively; and biochemical and molecular parameters assessed respectively by spectrophotometry, and by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. EaF10 exhibited strong antioxidant activities correlated with its polyphenol content. Serum levels of alanine/aspartate aminotransferase (AST/ALT) and nitrite oxide, liver contents of glutathione (GSH) protein carbonylation and malondialdehyde (MDA), liver activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cell viability showed the anti-hepatotoxic effect of EaF10, supported by histopathological observations. The fraction decreased the protein level of Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap-1), induced nuclear translocation of Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) coupled to an increase of the mRNA levels of CAT, SOD1 and GST in CCl4-intoxicated L-02 hepatocytes. These findings evidenced that the studied plant fraction possesses a strong antioxidant capacity and prevents CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, likely through inhibition of CYP2E1 and activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Fondjo Kouam
- Medical Research and Applied Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Brice Ayissi Owona
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rodrigue Fifen
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Frédéric Nico Njayou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Paul Fewou Moundipa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abouzied MM, Mahmoud SM, Wahid A, Ahmed AE, Okasha AM, Soliman HA, Al Thagfan SS, Attia EZ. A study of the hepatoprotective effect of Plantago psyllium L. seed extract against Carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic injury in rats. J Appl Biomed 2020; 18:80-86. [PMID: 34907729 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2020.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver is the main metabolic organ involved in disposal and detoxification of various molecules. Plantago psyllium L. seed has been reported to exert positive effects in some pathological conditions. The current study aims to assess the hepatoprotective effect of Plantago psyllium L. seed extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS Male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of 10 rats each. Hepatotoxicity was induced by orally administered carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for nine weeks with or without the different treatments which were utilized daily for the whole nine weeks. Serum and tissue samples were then withdrawn and different liver biomarkers were investigated. RESULTS Treatment of rats with Psyllium seed ethanolic extract significantly alleviated the toxic effects of CCl4. This was evidenced by its ability to restore liver biomarkers levels. Moreover, treatment with Psyllium seed extract normalized levels of oxidative biomarkers such as lipid peroxidation, hepatic content of reduced glutathione and catalase activity, as well as the expression level of the inflammatory marker TNF-α. Histopathological examination reflected the protective effect of the extract on liver architecture and confirmed the observed biochemical data. CONCLUSIONS The presented data demonstrates a potential hepatoprotective effect of Psyllium seed extract compared to the standard hepatoprotective drug silymarin. This effect can be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Psyllium extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mekky M Abouzied
- Taibah University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Minia University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Minia, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa M Mahmoud
- Beni-Suef University, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Biotechnology Department, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Wahid
- Alexandria University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amr E Ahmed
- Beni-Suef University, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Biotechnology Department, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Okasha
- Minia University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Soliman
- Beni-Suef University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sultan S Al Thagfan
- Taibah University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Z Attia
- Minia University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Minia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chhimwal J, Sharma S, Kulurkar P, Patial V. Crocin attenuates CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis via PPAR-γ mediated modulation of inflammation and fibrogenesis in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1639-1649. [PMID: 32633567 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120937048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a chronic pathological condition with a leading cause of liver-related mortality worldwide. In the present study, we have evaluated the antifibrotic effect of crocin, a carotenoid present in the stigma of Crocus sativus, and also explored its putative mechanism of action. METHODS Liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal administration of 30% carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The crocin was administered orally at 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg body weight along with CCl4 up to 8 weeks. RESULTS Chronic exposure to CCl4 resulted in elevated levels of liver enzymes and reduced cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activity in the liver. The liver tissue showed cellular swelling, vacuolization, necrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells and fibrotic changes. The crocin treatment significantly lowered the levels of liver enzymes in serum and improved the liver CYP2E1 mRNA levels. The pathological changes in the liver were also lowered by crocin treatment. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor-kappa B, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α and fibrogenic factor, transforming growth factor β, and α-smooth muscle actin were elevated by the CCl4 in the liver tissue. However, crocin treatment at different doses significantly reduced the expression of these factors. The increased caspase 3/7 activity was also lowered by crocin. CCl4 administration decreased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) in liver tissue. The improved PPAR-γ expression in the liver by crocin treatment indicates its role in the therapeutic effect of crocin. CONCLUSIONS Crocin attenuated the various events in the progression of liver fibrosis via PPAR-γ mediated modulation of inflammatory and fibrogenic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Chhimwal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, 29065CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 29065CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - S Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, 29065CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 29065CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - P Kulurkar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, 29065CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - V Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, 29065CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 29065CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (Himachal Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liang S, Deng X, Lei L, Zheng Y, Ai J, Chen L, Xiong H, Mei Z, Cheng YC, Ren Y. The Comparative Study of the Therapeutic Effects and Mechanism of Baicalin, Baicalein, and Their Combination on Ulcerative Colitis Rat. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1466. [PMID: 31920656 PMCID: PMC6923254 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease with a high incidence rate and a difficult treatment regimen. Recently, significant advances in the treatment of intestinal diseases, particularly UC, have been made with the use of the drugs baicalin and baicalein, separately or in combination. However, the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action of baicalin, baicalein, and their combination therapy, in the treatment of UC has not been fully elucidated. Materials and Methods: we constructed a UC rat model that encompassed a variety of complex factors, including a high-sugar and high-fat diet, a high temperature and humidity environment (HTHE), excess drinking, and infection of Escherichia coli. Model rats were then treated with baicalin, baicalein, or a combination of the two. Results: The results showed significant differences in the therapeutic effects of baicalin, baicalein, and the combination therapy, in the treatment of UC, as well as differences in the inhibition of inflammation via the nuclear factor-κB and MAPK pathways. The rat model of UC was established as described above. Then, the rats were treated for 7 days with baicalin (100 mg kg-1), baicalein (100 mg kg-1), or both (100 mg kg-1, baicalin: baicalein = 4:1/1:1). Clinical symptoms and signs, body temperature, organ indices, histopathology, blood biochemistry, and metabolites were examined to compare treatment effects and indicators of UC. Baicalin, YSR (Young Scutellaria baicalensis ratio of baicalin and baicalein), baicalein, and WSR (Withered Scutellaria baicalensis ratio of baicalin and baicalein) had significantly different effects in terms of clinical symptoms and signs, body temperature, organ indices, serum inflammatory cytokine levels, blood biochemistry, and histopathology changes in the main organs; YSR exhibited the best treatment effects. LC-MS/MS was used to detect the conversion of baicalin, baicalein, or both, into the six types of metabolites: baicalin, wogonoside, oroxin A, baicalein, wogonin, and oroxylin A. The levels of the six metabolites under the different treatment conditions were significantly different in the large intestine, small intestine, and lungs, but not in the blood. The levels of the six metabolites were significantly different in the large intestine, small intestine, and lung, but not in the serum. Conclusion: All these results indicate that baicalin and baicalein should be used more accurately in specific diseases, especially baicalin or high content of baicalin in Scutellaria baicalensis (Tiaoqin) should be preferred in treatment of UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Ai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhinan Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yongshen Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China.,School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
PKCδ Mediates NF-κB Inflammatory Response and Downregulates SIRT1 Expression in Liver Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184607. [PMID: 31533364 PMCID: PMC6770793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise mechanism of hepatic cirrhosis remains largely unclear. In particular, a potential regulatory mechanism by which protein kinase C-delta (PKCδ ) affects profibrogenic gene expression involved in hepatic cirrhosis has never been explored. In the present study, we investigated whether PKCδ activation is involved in liver inflammatory fibrosis in both lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 and CCl4-treated mice. PKCδ was strongly activated by LPS or CCl4 treatment and consequently stimulated nuclear factor (NF)-κB inflammatory response. Interestingly, the activation of PKCδ negatively regulated sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) expression, whereas PKCδ suppression by PKCδ peptide inhibitor V1-1 or siRNA dramatically increased SIRT1 expression. Furthermore, we showed that the negative regulation of PKCδ leads to a decrease in SIRT1 expression. To our knowledge, these results are the first demonstration of the involvement of PKCδ in modulating NF-κB through SIRT1 signaling in fibrosis in mice, suggesting a novel role of PKCδ in inflammatory fibrosis. The level of NF-κB p65 in the nucleus was also negatively regulated by SIRT1 activity. We showed that the inhibition of PKCδ promoted SIRT1 expression and decreased p65 levels in the nucleus through deacetylation. Moreover, the inactivation of PKCδ with V1-1 dramatically suppressed the inflammatory fibrosis, indicating that PKCδ represents a promising target for treating fibrotic diseases like hepatic cirrhosis.
Collapse
|
34
|
Ge YS, Zhang QZ, Li H, Bai G, Jiao ZH, Wang HB. Hydrogen-rich saline protects against hepatic injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion and laparoscopic hepatectomy in swine. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2019; 18:48-61. [PMID: 30573299 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. We investigated the effects of hydrogen on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and laparoscopic hepatectomy in swine. METHODS Twenty-one healthy Bama miniature pigs were randomly divided into the sham group, ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) group, HRS-5 (5 mL/kg) group, and HRS-10 (10 mL/kg) group. HRS was injected through the portal vein 10 min before reperfusion and at postoperative day 1, 2 and 3. The roles of HRS on oxidative stress, inflammatory response and liver regeneration were studied. RESULTS Compared with the IRI group, HRS treatment attenuated oxidative stress by increasing catalase activity and reducing myeloperoxidase. White blood cells in the HRS-10 group were reduced compared with the IRI group (P < 0.01). In the HRS-10 group, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha, C-reactive protein and cortisol were downregulated, whereas interleukin-10 was upregulated. In addition, HRS attenuated endothelial cell injury and promoted the secretion of angiogenic cytokines, including vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2. HRS elevated the levels of hepatocyte growth factor, Cyclin D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Ki-67 and reduced the secretion of transforming growth factor-beta. CONCLUSIONS HRS treatment may exert a protective effect against I/R and hepatectomy-induced hepatic damage by reducing oxidative stress, suppressing the inflammatory response and promoting liver regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Song Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qian-Zhen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ge Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hong-Bin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Evaluation of the hepatoprotective effect of combination between fermented camel milk and Rosmarinus officinalis leaves extract against CCl 4 induced liver toxicity in mice. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:824-834. [PMID: 30906040 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of fermented camel milk with Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris (FCM-LLC) alone, Rosmarinus officinalis extract (R) alone and their combination and to investigate their hepatopreventive effects against CCl4 liver damage in mice. The antioxidant activity in vitro of FMC-LLC supplemented with R exhibited the highest free radical scavenging and ferric reducing power activities. The results showed that the pretreatment with a combination of FMC-LLC and R significantly alleviated the increased levels of hepatic markers and the elevated lipid levels induced by CCl4 in mice. Meanwhile, the enzymatic antioxidants activities (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) and GSH level in liver significantly were increased while the malondialdehyde level was significantly improved by pretreatment with FMLLC plus R. These data suggest that FCM-LLC in combination with R. officinalis extract possesses better antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity than FMC-LLC alone.
Collapse
|
36
|
Wu R, Murali R, Kabe Y, French SW, Chiang YM, Liu S, Sher L, Wang CC, Louie S, Tsukamoto H. Baicalein Targets GTPase-Mediated Autophagy to Eliminate Liver Tumor-Initiating Stem Cell-Like Cells Resistant to mTORC1 Inhibition. Hepatology 2018; 68:1726-1740. [PMID: 29729190 PMCID: PMC6204108 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major problem in the treatment of liver cancer. Mammalian Target of Rapamycin 1 (mTORC1) inhibitors have been tested for the treatment of liver cancer based on hyperactive mTOR in this malignancy. However, their clinical trials showed poor outcome, most likely due to their ability to upregulate CD133 and promote chemoresistance. The CD133+ tumor-initiating stem cell-like cells (TICs) isolated from mouse and human liver tumors are chemoresistant, and identification of an approach to abrogate this resistance is desired. In search of a compound that rescinds resistance of TICs to mTORC1 inhibition and improves chemotherapy, we identified baicalein (BC), which selectively chemosensitizes TICs and the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line Huh7 cells but not mouse and human primary hepatocytes. Nanobead pull-down and mass-spectrometric analysis, biochemical binding assay, and three-dimensional computational modeling studies reveal BC's ability to competitively inhibit guanosine triphosphate binding of SAR1B guanosine triphosphatase, which is essential for autophagy. Indeed, BC suppresses autophagy induced by an mTORC1 inhibitor and synergizes cell death caused by mTORC1 inhibition in TIC and Huh7 spheroid formation and in the patient-derived xenograft model of HCC. The BC-induced chemosensitization is rescued by SAR1B expression and phenocopied by SAR1B knockdown in cancer cells treated with a mTORC1 inhibitor. Conclusion: These results identify SAR1B as a target in liver TICs and HCC cells resistant to mTORC1 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Wu
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ramachandran Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yasuaki Kabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University of School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yi-Ming Chiang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Siyu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Linda Sher
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Clay C. Wang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stan Louie
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu Y, Wen PH, Zhang XX, Dai Y, He Q. Breviscapine ameliorates CCl4‑induced liver injury in mice through inhibiting inflammatory apoptotic response and ROS generation. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:755-768. [PMID: 29717768 PMCID: PMC6034936 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury is characterized by fibrosis, inflammation and apoptosis, leading to liver failure, cirrhosis or cancer and affecting the clinical outcome in the long term. However, no effective therapeutic strategy is currently available. Breviscapine, a mixture of flavonoid glycosides, has been reported to have multiple biological functions. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of breviscapine on acute liver injury induced by CCl4 in mice. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to intraperitoneal injection with CCl4 for 8 weeks with or without breviscapine (15 or 30 mg/kg). Mice treated with CCl4 developed acute liver injury, as evidenced by histological analysis, Masson trichrome and Sirius Red staining, accompanied with elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Furthermore, increases in pro‑inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and apoptotic factors, including caspase‑3 and poly(ADP ribose) polymerase‑2 (PARP‑2), were observed. Breviscapine treatment significantly and dose‑dependently reduced collagen deposition and the fibrotic area. Inflammatory cytokines were downregulated by breviscapine through inactivating Toll‑like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways. In addition, co‑administration of breviscapine with CCl4 decreased the apoptotic response by enhancing B‑cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl‑2) levels, while reducing Bcl‑2‑associated X protein, apoptotic protease activating factor 1, caspase‑3 and PARP activity. Furthermore, CCl4‑induced oxidative stress was blocked by breviscapine through improving anti‑oxidants and impeding mitogen‑activated protein kinase pathways. The present study highlighted that breviscapine exhibited liver‑protective effects against acute hepatic injury induced by CCl4 via suppressing inflammation and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Hao Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Xue Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu J, Fu Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Zhu J, Wang Y, Guo Y, Wang G, Xu T, Chu M, Wang F. The hepatoprotective effect of the probiotic Clostridium butyricum against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver damage in mice. Food Funct 2018; 8:4042-4052. [PMID: 28933492 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00355b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that the probiotic Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) can attenuate cirrhosis in chronic non-alcoholic liver disease. However, the effects of C. butyricum on acute liver injury (ALI) remain unclear. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the hepatoprotective effects and the underlying mechanisms employed by C. butyricum in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced ALI murine model. Here, we evaluated the survival rate and the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), anti-oxidants, cytokines and the gut microbiota to elucidate the potential mechanisms by which C. butyricum is hepatoprotective. Our results show that five days of prophylactic C. butyricum treatment significantly reduced mortality by 40% and decreased the CCl4-induced levels of ALT and AST in the serum of these mice. Additionally, prophylactic treatment with C. butyricum increased the activity of both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and substantially reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, which were deteriorated in the untreated ALI mice compared to normal control mice. Furthermore, C. butyricum up-regulated the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) content. CCl4-induced mice also exhibited considerable increases of phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). However, the inflammatory responses of the liver induced by CCl4 were significantly alleviated by C. butyricum pretreatment. Additionally, we found that interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory mediator, was increased in the C. butyricum-pretreated group. Microbiota analysis in these mice revealed crosstalk between the gut microbial metabolites and ALI. The intestinal flora was changed by CCl4 administration and was shifted by the probiotic C. butyricum toward more beneficial bacteria, particularly the Clostridia orders, which are the known producers of the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative metabolite butyrate. In conclusion, we found that the intestinal flora changes after the intraperitoneal injection of CCl4. We also offer novel insights into the mechanism by which probiotic C. butyricum pretreatment alleviates the CCl4-induced inflammation and oxidative stress of the liver via the modulation of NRF2, NF-κB p65, IL-10 and the intestinal microbiota in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shi L, Hao Z, Zhang S, Wei M, Lu B, Wang Z, Ji L. Baicalein and baicalin alleviate acetaminophen-induced liver injury by activating Nrf2 antioxidative pathway: The involvement of ERK1/2 and PKC. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 150:9-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
40
|
Meng X, Li Y, Li S, Gan RY, Li HB. Natural Products for Prevention and Treatment of Chemical-Induced Liver Injuries. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:472-495. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health; Sun Yat-sen Univ.; Guangzhou 510080 China
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health; Sun Yat-sen Univ.; Guangzhou 510080 China
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The Univ. of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology; Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ.; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health; Sun Yat-sen Univ.; Guangzhou 510080 China
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center; Sun Yat-sen Univ.; Guangzhou 510006 China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hamid M, Abdulrahim Y, Liu D, Qian G, Khan A, Huang K. The Hepatoprotective Effect of Selenium-Enriched Yeast and Gum Arabic Combination on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Chronic Liver Injury in Rats. J Food Sci 2018; 83:525-534. [PMID: 29350750 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of selenium-enriched yeast (SY) and Gum Arabic (GA) have been reported. This study aimed to determine the hepatoprotective effect of SY and GA combination on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced chronic liver injury in rats and to explore their synergistic mechanisms of action. Forty adult male Wistar rats randomly allotted to 5 groups: (A) worked as control, (B) was administered CCl4 , (C-E) were fed daily by GA, SY, and GA+SY respectively after mixing with basal diet, following CCl4 -intoxication. GA and SY combination significantly ameliorated CCl4 -induced reduction in serum total protein with elevation in aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in addition to restoring the histopathological changes and hepatic content of hydroxyproline. GA and SY combination was also effective in reducing lipid peroxidation (MDA), consistent with an increase in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, indicating the suppression of liver oxidative stress. Furthermore, liver inflammation was ameliorated by GA and SY combination through inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and toll-like receptor 4(TLR-4) over expression in the liver. Moreover, the up-regulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression by GA and SY combination enhanced the regeneration of liver tissue after CCl4 -administration. The expression of Collagen1, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFβ1), was obviously ameliorated by GA and SY combination, suggesting the amelioration of profibrotic response of the liver. Taken together, our current study suggests that GA and SY combination exhibit a significant hepatoprotective activity, which more efficient than GA or SY alone. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Chronic liver diseases are the serious health problems, which increase the morbidity and mortality in the world today. Selenium-enriched yeast (SY) and Gum Arabic (GA) combination might be potential dietary agents could obviously ameliorate chronic liver damage, higher than GA and SY alone. They act to suppress the inflammation and inhibit the profibrotic response as well as support the liver regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hamid
- Coll. of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China.,Inst. of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing 210095, China.,Coll. of Veterinary Sciences, Univ. of Nyala, Sudan
| | - Yassin Abdulrahim
- Coll. of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China.,Inst. of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing 210095, China.,Coll. of Veterinary Sciences, Univ. of Nyala, Sudan
| | - Dandan Liu
- Coll. of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China.,Inst. of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Gang Qian
- Coll. of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China.,Inst. of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Alamzeb Khan
- Coll. of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China.,Inst. of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- Coll. of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China.,Inst. of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Liu J, Zhang S, Cao H, Wang H, Sun C, Liu S, Yu S, Li Y, Liu W, Wang H, Jiang J, Ying H. Deficiency of p38α in macrophage ameliorates d
-galactosamine/TNF-α-induced acute liver injury in mice. FEBS J 2017; 284:4200-4215. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research; Institute for Nutritional Sciences; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Shengjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research; Institute for Nutritional Sciences; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Hongchao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research; Institute for Nutritional Sciences; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research; Institute for Nutritional Sciences; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Chao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research; Institute for Nutritional Sciences; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research; Institute for Nutritional Sciences; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Shuxian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research; Institute for Nutritional Sciences; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research; Institute for Nutritional Sciences; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research; Institute for Nutritional Sciences; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Public Health; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Zhongshan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Hao Ying
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research; Institute for Nutritional Sciences; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment; Ministry of Health; Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Oyinloye BE, Osunsanmi FO, Ajiboye BO, Ojo OA, Kappo AP. Modulatory Effect of Methanol Extract of Piper guineense in CCl₄-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14090955. [PMID: 28837088 PMCID: PMC5615492 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14090955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study seeks to investigate the possible protective role of the methanol extract of Piper guineense seeds against CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity in an animal model. Hepatotoxicity was induced by administering oral doses of CCl₄ (1.2 g/kg bw) three times a week for three weeks. Group 1 (Control) and Group 2 (CCl₄) were left untreated; Piper guineense (PG; 400 mg/kg bw) was administered to Group 3 (T₁) by oral gavage for 14 days prior to the administration of CCl₄ and simultaneously with CCl₄; PG (400 mg/kg bw) was administered simultaneously with CCl₄ in Group 4 (T₂); and Livolin forte (20 mg/kg bw) was administered simultaneously with CCl₄ in Group 5 (T₃), the standard drug group. The administration of CCl₄ induces histopathological alteration in the liver, with concomitant increased activities of serum hepatic marker enzymes associated with increased levels of lipid peroxidation. Similarly, there was decrease in non-enzymatic (reduced glutathione) and enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione S-transferase), superoxide dismutase, and catalase. An elevation in serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels was noticed along with decreased levels of serum total protein. Treatment with PG 400 mg/kg bw exhibited excellent modulatory activity with respect to the different parameters studied by reversing all the above-mentioned biochemical changes significantly in the experimental animals. These results suggest that PG offered protection comparable to that of Livolin forte with better efficacy when pre-treated with 400 mg/kg bw 14 days prior to CCl₄-exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti 360001, Nigeria.
| | - Foluso Oluwagbemiga Osunsanmi
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti 360001, Nigeria.
| | - Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti 360001, Nigeria.
| | - Abidemi Paul Kappo
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Potential mechanism of protection effect of exopolysaccharide from Lachnum YM406 and its derivatives on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
|
45
|
Khedr NF, Khedr EG. Branched chain amino acids supplementation modulates TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway and interleukins in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2017; 31:534-545. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa F. Khedr
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Tanta University; Postal number: 31527 Tanta Egypt
| | - Eman G. Khedr
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Tanta University; Postal number: 31527 Tanta Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Dinda B, Dinda S, DasSharma S, Banik R, Chakraborty A, Dinda M. Therapeutic potentials of baicalin and its aglycone, baicalein against inflammatory disorders. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 131:68-80. [PMID: 28288320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The flavonoids, baicalin (5,6-dihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one-7-O-d-β-glucuronic acid) 1 and its aglycone, baicalein 2 are found in edible medicinal plants, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz in abundant quantities. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of these flavonoids have been demonstrated in various disease models, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, gout and rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, neurodegenerative-, liver- and kidney diseases, encephalomyelitis, and carcinogenesis. These flavonoids have almost no toxicity to human normal epithelial, peripheral and myeloid cells. Their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are largely due to their abilities to scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improvement of antioxidant status by attenuating the activity of NF-κB and suppressing the expression of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, cellular adhesion molecules, tumor necrosis factor and interleukins. In this review, we summarize the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of baicalin and baicalein with molecular mechanisms for their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic applications in the treatment of inflammatory-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, Tripura, India.
| | - Subhajit Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Dasaratha Deb Memorial College, Khowai 799201, Tripura, India
| | - Saikat DasSharma
- Department of Chemistry, Dasaratha Deb Memorial College, Khowai 799201, Tripura, India
| | - Rajarshi Banik
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799055, Tripura, India
| | - Ankita Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, Tripura, India
| | - Manikarna Dinda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, 1300 Jefferson Park Ave, VA22908, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Herbal Compound "Jiedu Huayu" Reduces Liver Injury in Rats via Regulation of IL-2, TLR4, and PCNA Expression Levels. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:9819350. [PMID: 28197212 PMCID: PMC5288544 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9819350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the Study. To investigate the preventative effects of Jiedu Huayu (JDHY) on D-galactosamine (D-GalN) and lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver failure (ALF) and to evaluate the possible mechanisms of action. Materials and Methods. ALF was induced in Wistar rats by administrating D-GalN (900 mg/kg) and lipopolysaccharide (10 μg/kg). After treatment with JDHY granules, the levels of blood alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and prothrombin time were determined. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry staining. The expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was examined by fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Results. JDHY treatment dramatically improved liver function and increased survival rates in an ALF model in rats. We observed a decrease in IL-2 and TLR4 expression following treatment with JDHY in liver cells from ALF rats using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Conclusion. We hypothesize that the therapeutic potential of JDHY for treating ALF is due to its modulatory effect on the suppression of inflammation and by promoting hepatocyte regeneration. Our results contribute towards validation of the traditional use of JDHY in the treatment of liver disease.
Collapse
|
48
|
Quercetin and baicalein suppress monocrotaline-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 795:160-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
49
|
Wu YL, Lian LH, Nan JX. Protective effects of Chinese traditional medicine against liver injury and liver fibrosis and mechanisms involved. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:4144-4150. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i30.4144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver injury and liver fibrosis are clinically common, and there is currently a lack of ideal drugs for these conditions. Recent studies have indicated that the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine show certain efficacy in prevention and treatment of liver injury and liver fibrosis, and the mechanisms are related to the protection of liver cells, anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. This paper discusses the protective effects of the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine against liver injury and liver fibrosis and the mechanisms involved, with an aim to promote the development of therapeutic drugs for liver injury and liver fibrosis.
Collapse
|
50
|
Ali H, Kabir N, Shah MR, Muhammad A, Ali S, Mehmood S, Ali A, Ali A, Jahan A. Hepatoprotective activity of viscosine is mediated by attenuation of hepatic macrophages and iNOS expression in CCl 4-intoxicated rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1688-1698. [PMID: 30090468 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00165c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the molecular mechanism(s) of the protective effects of a C-alkylated flavonoid, viscosine on an animal model of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Viscosine at 20, 50 and 100 mg kg-1 was orally administered in a dose dependent manner per day for 3 days before the CCl4 (1 : 1 v/v in olive oil, 1 ml kg-1) treatment and 2 days after the treatment. Hepatoprotection was assessed in terms of reduction in serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP) that occur after CCl4 injury, and by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The rise in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in CCl4-intoxicated rats was markedly suppressed by viscosine in a concentration dependent manner. The decrease in the activity of hepatic antioxidant enzyme, SOD, was significantly prevented by viscosine, likewise gradually the levels of MDA and GSH were also normalized compared to silymarin. Viscosine also reduced the CCl4-induced damaged area from 2% to 0% as assessed by histopathology and prevented the mixed inflammatory infiltrate. Viscosine attenuated the inflammation in the liver around the injured central vein region by downregulating the CCl4 induced activation of hepatic CD68+ macrophages, thereby reducing their number as well. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was more potentially suppressed by viscosine compared to the FDA approved positive control silymarin. The results of this study indicate that viscosine could be effective in protecting the liver from acute CCl4-induced injury. The hepatoprotective mechanisms of viscosine may be related to the free radical scavenging and attenuation of oxidative stress, as well as to the inhibition of inflammatory response in the liver. Here, we are proposing a novel mechanism of action of viscosine and suggesting that it may be a safe and better in vivo antioxidant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Ali
- Department of Biosciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Park road , Chack Shehzad , Islamabad-44000 , Pakistan . ; ; ; Tel: +3329408516 ; Tel: +(03) 7967-4213.,Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research , International Center for Chemical Sciences (ICCBS) , University of Karachi , Karachi-75270 , Pakistan
| | - Nurul Kabir
- Institute of Biological Sciences , Faculty of Science , University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Raza Shah
- HEJ , Research Institute of Chemistry , International Center for Chemical Sciences (ICCBS) , University of Karachi , Karachi-75270 , Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Sciences , Mugla Sitki Kocman University , Kotekli-48121 , Mugla , Turkey.,HEJ , Research Institute of Chemistry , International Center for Chemical Sciences (ICCBS) , University of Karachi , Karachi-75270 , Pakistan
| | - Safdar Ali
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Nilore , 45650 , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Shahab Mehmood
- Department of Biosciences , Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology , Karachi-75600 , Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Biochemistry , Quaid-e-azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Abid Ali
- Laboratory of Germplasm and Molecular Genetics , Department of Vegetable Sciences , College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , PR-China
| | - Azra Jahan
- Department of Zoology , Hazara University , Mansehra , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|