1
|
Liu Y, Lu L, Yang H, Wu X, Luo X, Shen J, Xiao Z, Zhao Y, Du F, Chen Y, Deng S, Cho CH, Li Q, Li X, Li W, Wang F, Sun Y, Gu L, Chen M, Li M. Dysregulation of immunity by cigarette smoking promotes inflammation and cancer: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 339:122730. [PMID: 37838314 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is a serious global health issue. Cigarette smoking contains over 7000 different chemicals. The main harmful components include nicotine, acrolein, aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals, which play the key role for cigarette-induced inflammation and carcinogenesis. Growing evidences show that cigarette smoking and its components exert a remarkable impact on regulation of immunity and dysregulated immunity promotes inflammation and cancer. Therefore, this comprehensive and up-to-date review covers four interrelated topics, including cigarette smoking, inflammation, cancer and immune system. The known harmful chemicals from cigarette smoking were summarized. Importantly, we discussed in depth the impact of cigarette smoking on the formation of inflammatory or tumor microenvironment, primarily by affecting immune effector cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes. Furthermore, the main molecular mechanisms by which cigarette smoking induces inflammation and cancer, including changes in epigenetics, DNA damage and others were further summarized. This article will contribute to a better understanding of the impact of cigarette smoking on inducing inflammation and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Lu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyue Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianxiu Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanping Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhong Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sakatani A, Hayashi Y, Saiki H, Kato M, Uema R, Inoue T, Kimura K, Yoshii S, Tsujii Y, Shinzaki S, Iijima H, Takehara T. A novel role for Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A in negative regulation of autophagy in human gastric cells. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:326. [PMID: 37740192 PMCID: PMC10517455 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy plays an important role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression in many cancers, including gastric cancer. Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) is a well-known virulent factor in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection that plays a critical role in gastric inflammation and gastric cancer development. However, its role in autophagy during these processes remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the role of CagA in autophagy in CagA-related inflammation. METHODS We evaluated the autophagic index of AGS cells infected with wild-type cagA-positive H. pylori (Hp-WT) and cagA-knockout H. pylori (Hp-ΔcagA) and rat gastric mucosal (RGM1) cells transfected with CagA genes. To identify the mechanisms underlying the down regulation of autophagy in AGS cells infected with H. pylori, we evaluated protein and mRNA expression levels of autophagy core proteins using western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To determine whether autophagy induced the expression of the pro-inflammatory mediator, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), we evaluated COX-2 expression in AGS cells treated with an autophagy inducer and inhibitor and infected with H. pylori. In addition, we evaluated whether COX-2 protein expression in AGS cells influenced beclin-1 (BECN1) expression with si-RNA transfection when infected with H. pylori. RESULTS Autophagic flux assay using chloroquine showed that autophagy in AGS cells was significantly suppressed after H. pylori infection. The autophagic index of AGS cells infected with Hp-WT was decreased significantly when compared with that in AGS cells infected with Hp-ΔcagA. The autophagic index of RGM1 cells transfected with CagA was lower, suggesting that CagA inhibits autophagy. In addition, BECN1 expression levels in AGS cells infected with Hp-WT were reduced compared to those in AGS cells infected with Hp-ΔcagA. Furthermore, COX-2 expression in AGS cells infected with H. pylori was controlled in an autophagy-dependent manner. When AGS cells were transfected with small interfering RNA specific for BECN1 and infected with Hp-WT and Hp-ΔcagA, COX-2 was upregulated significantly in cells infected with Hp-ΔcagA. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the H. pylori CagA protein negatively regulated autophagy by downregulating BECN1. CagA-induced autophagy inhibition may be a causative factor in promoting pro-inflammatory mediator production in human gastric epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Sakatani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Saiki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minoru Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Uema
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takanori Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yoshii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Shinzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Iijima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumar A, Kanika, Kumar V, Ahmad A, Mishra RK, Nadeem A, Siddiqui N, Ansari MM, Raza SS, Kondepudi KK, Khan R. Colon-Adhering Delivery System with Inflammation Responsiveness for Localized Therapy of Experimental Colitis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4781-4793. [PMID: 37497615 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammation-related disease that severely affects the colon and rectum regions. A variety of therapy regimens are used for the treatment of UC. Clinically, therapeutic enema is the choice of therapy for UC patients. Irrespective of on-site administration, the major limitation of therapeutic enemas is the dispossession of the medicine followed by low drug availability for the therapeutic action. In our present work, we have developed an enzyme-responsive injectable hydrogel (ER-hydrogel) to overcome the limitations of therapeutic enema. The hydrogels possess two major advantages, which are being exploited for therapeutic drug delivery in UC: prolonged retention and enzyme responsiveness. The former is one of the prominent advantages of hydrogel compared to free drug enema and the latter controls the release of the drug or provides drug release on-demand. The ER-hydrogel was formulated by the heat-cool method and for therapeutic purposes, a corticosteroid drug, budesonide (Bud), was encapsulated into the ER-hydrogel and evaluated for its various physicochemical and therapeutic potentials in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC. In vitro and ex vivo adhesion studies confirm the retention or mucoadhesive nature of the ER-hydrogel, and the upsurge in Bud release from the Bud-loaded ER-hydrogel upon the addition of esterase enzyme confirms the enzyme-mediated drug release from the ER-hydrogel. Moreover, Bud-loaded ER-hydrogel exhibited promising results in alleviating the disease activity index of UC, and restored the length of the colon, which is the main hallmark of UC. In terms of the health of the colon tissue, the Bud-loaded ER-hydrogel restored the colonic tissue damage, as seen in the H&E-stained, AB-NR-stained, and HID-AB-stained colon sections. Finally, the Bud-loaded ER-hydrogel also markedly subsided the IL-1β, TNF-α, MPO, and nitrite levels in serum and colon tissues. Thus, the fabricated Bud-loaded ER-hydrogel possesses appreciable translational potential due to its ability to significantly ameliorate inflammatory changes compared to naive or water-based therapeutic enema in acute experimental colitis in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Kanika
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Vibhu Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anas Ahmad
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Rakesh Kumar Mishra
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid Siddiqui
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201303, India
| | - Md Meraj Ansari
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Sector 67, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Syed Shadab Raza
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow 226003, India
| | | | - Rehan Khan
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abudurousuli K, Talihati Z, Hailati S, Han MY, Nuer M, Khan N, Maihemuti N, Dilimulati D, Nueraihemaiti N, Simayi J, Zhou W. Investigation of target genes and potential mechanisms related to compound Xiao-ai-fei honey ointment based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34629. [PMID: 37565919 PMCID: PMC10419591 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compound Xiao-ai-fei honey ointment (CXHO) is an anticancer preparation with a long history in Uyghur folk medicine in China and has been used for the treatment of gastric cancer (GC) in Xinjiang, China. Nevertheless, the mechanism of its anticancer effect remains to be investigated. METHODS Bioactive ingredients of CXHO were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform database. Target genes of ingredients were acquired via the PubChem and Swiss target prediction database. Gene expression profiling of GC was obtained from GSE54129 in the GEO database and analyzed using the limma package in R. The hub genes associated with CXHO in GC were validated using the TIMER2.0 database, GEPIA2 database and Auto Dock tools. The effect of CXHO on migration of GC cells was detected by Transwell chamber assay and Wound healing assay. The effect of CXHO on expression levels of MMP2/MMP9 and NF-κb, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was detected by Western blot assay. RESULTS Forty-five bioactive ingredients and their 819 related genes were found. A total of 462 differentially expressed genes were identified between GC patients and healthy controls. Seventeen common target genes were identified as hub genes CXHO against GC. Among them, MMP2 and MMP9 were significantly associated with tumor immune infiltrates and had good binding affinity with effective ingredients. Moreover, we validated the mRNA and protein expression levels and prognostic value of MMP2 and MMP9 by different databases. In addition, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes and gene ontology analyses showed that the 17 common target genes were mainly involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis and cancer-related pathways. Experimental results showed that CXHO inhibited migration of GC cells and down regulated the expression levels of MMP2/MMP9, NF-κb. In addition, CXHO can inhibited PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION We identified and experimental validated 2 pivotal target genes of CXHO against GC and preliminarily analyzed the potential mechanisms by which CXHO inhibits the development of GC. All these findings support CXHO as a promising drug for the treatment of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayisaier Abudurousuli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Ziruo Talihati
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Sendaer Hailati
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Meng Yuan Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Muhadaisi Nuer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Nawaz Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Nulibiya Maihemuti
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Dilihuma Dilimulati
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Nuerbiye Nueraihemaiti
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Jimilihan Simayi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nowak P, Bil-Lula I, Śliwińska-Mossoń M. A Cross-Talk about Radioresistance in Lung Cancer-How to Improve Radiosensitivity According to Chinese Medicine and Medicaments That Commonly Occur in Pharmacies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11206. [PMID: 37446385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the population and is characterized by non-specific symptoms that delay the diagnosis and reduce the effectiveness of oncological treatment. Due to the difficult placement of the tumor, one of the main methods of lung cancer treatment is radiotherapy, which damages the DNA of cancer cells, inducing their apoptosis. However, resistance to ionizing radiation may develop during radiotherapy cycles, leading to an increase in the number of DNA points of control that protect cells from apoptosis. Cancer stem cells are essential for radioresistance, and due to their ability to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition, they modify the phenotype, bypassing the genotoxic effect of radiotherapy. It is therefore necessary to search for new methods that could improve the cytotoxic effect of cells through new mechanisms of action. Chinese medicine, with several thousand years of tradition, offers a wide range of possibilities in the search for compounds that could be used in conventional medicine. This review introduces the potential candidates that may present a radiosensitizing effect on lung cancer cells, breaking their radioresistance. Additionally, it includes candidates taken from conventional medicine-drugs commonly available in pharmacies, which may also be significant candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Nowak
- Scientific Club of Specialized Biological Analyzes, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Bil-Lula
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariola Śliwińska-Mossoń
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Application of Single-Cell RNA Sequencing in the Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020344. [PMID: 36830713 PMCID: PMC9953711 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The initiation and progression of tumors are complex. The cancer evolution-development hypothesis holds that the dysregulation of immune balance is caused by the synergistic effect of immune genetic factors and environmental factors that stimulate and maintain non-resolving inflammation. Throughout the cancer development process, this inflammation creates a microenvironment for the evolution and development of cancer. Research on the inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME) explains the initiation and progression of cancer and guides anti-cancer immunotherapy. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) can detect the transcription levels of cells at the single-cell resolution level, reveal the heterogeneity and evolutionary trajectory of infiltrated immune cells and cancer cells, and provide insight into the composition and function of each cell group in the inflammatory TME. This paper summarizes the application of scRNA-seq in inflammatory TME.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang X, Wang YC, Liu CJ. Application of single-cell transcriptome sequencing in gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2023; 31:48-55. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v31.i2.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer death. With the development of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology, the research on GC has gradually developed from the histopathological level to the transcriptional level. In this paper, we discuss the principle of scRNA-seq technology and its application in GC research, including the transcriptional characteristics and origin of GC precancerous lesions, intratumor heterogeneity of primary tumors, tumor microenvironment, and metastatic dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China,Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan-Chun Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chun-Jie Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yu L, Zhang MM, Hou JG. Molecular and cellular pathways in colorectal cancer: apoptosis, autophagy and inflammation as key players. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:1279-1290. [PMID: 35732586 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2088247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal carcinogenesis (CRC) is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer, particularly in developing countries. It accounts for the second and third-highest reason for cancer-induced lethality in women and men respectively. CRC involves genetic and epigenetic modifications in colonic epithelium, leading to colon adenocarcinoma. The current review highlights the pathogenic mechanisms and multifactorial etiology of CRC, influenced by apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy pathways. METHODS We have carried out a selective literature review on mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of CRC. RESULTS Resistance to senescence and apoptosis of the mesenchymal cells, which play a key role in intestinal organogenesis, morphogenesis and homeostasis, appears important for sporadic CRC. Additionally, inflammation-associated tumorigenesis is a key incident in CRC, supported by immune disruptors, adaptive and innate immune traits, environmental factors, etc. involving oxidative stress, DNA damage and epigenetic modulations. The self-digesting mechanism, autophagy, also plays a twin role in CRC through the participation of LC3/LC3-II, Beclin-1, ATG5, other autophagy proteins, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) susceptibility genes. It facilitates the promotion of effective surveillance pathways and stimulates the generation of malignant tumor cells. The autophagy and apoptotic pathways undergo synergistic or antagonistic interactions in CRC and bear a critical association with IBD that results from the pro-neoplastic effects of persistent intestinal inflammation. Conversely, pro-inflammatory factors stimulate tumor growth and angiogenesis and inhibit apoptosis, suppressing anti-tumor activities. CONCLUSION Hence, research attempts for the development of potential therapies for CRC are in progress, primarily based on combinatorial approaches targeting apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Miao-Miao Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ji-Guang Hou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li J, Hu X, Zhang H, Peng Y, Li S, Xiong Y, Jiang W, Wang Z. N-2-(Phenylamino) Benzamide Derivatives as Dual Inhibitors of COX-2 and Topo I Deter Gastrointestinal Cancers via Targeting Inflammation and Tumor Progression. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10481-10505. [PMID: 35868003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Given the close association between inflammation and cancer, combining anti-inflammation therapy is prominent to improve the anticancer effect. Based on I-1, a series of agents targeting COX-2 and Topo I were designed by combining fenamates and phenols. The optimal compound 1H-30 displayed an enhanced inhibitory effect on COX-2 compared to tolfenamic acid and I-1 and showed better inhibition of Topo I than I-1. Importantly, 1H-30 showed potential anticancer effects and suppressed the activation of the NF-κB pathway in cancer cells. 1H-30 inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and suppressed the production of NO, COX-2, and IL-1β in RAW264.7. In vivo, 1H-30 showed acceptable pharmacokinetic parameters, decreased the tumor growth without affecting the body weight, down-regulated COX-2 and MMP-9, and induced apoptosis in the CT26.WT tumor-bearing mice. Accordingly, 1H-30 as a potential Topo I/COX-2 inhibitor which possessed anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects, with inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, is promising for gastrointestinal cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yongxia Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Weifan Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kaur J, Bhardwaj A, Wuest F. Fluorine-18 Labelled Radioligands for PET Imaging of Cyclooxygenase-2. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123722. [PMID: 35744851 PMCID: PMC9227202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging probes enable the early and accurate detection of disease-specific biomarkers and facilitate personalized treatment of many chronic diseases, including cancer. Among current clinically used functional imaging modalities, positron emission tomography (PET) plays a significant role in cancer detection and in monitoring the response to therapeutic interventions. Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the crucial involvement of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) isozyme in cancer development and progression, making COX-2 a promising cancer biomarker. A variety of COX-2-targeting PET radioligands has been developed based on anti-inflammatory drugs and selective COX-2 inhibitors. However, many of those suffer from non-specific binding and insufficient metabolic stability. This article highlights examples of COX-2-targeting PET radioligands labelled with the short-lived positron emitter 18F, including radiosynthesis and PET imaging studies published in the last decade (2012–2021).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Kaur
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada;
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Atul Bhardwaj
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada;
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada;
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (F.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kwon S, Ma W, Drew DA, Klempner SJ, Leonardo BM, Flynn JJ, Cao Y, Giovannucci EL, Bao Y, Fuchs CS, Song M, Chan AT. Association Between Aspirin Use and Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A Prospective Cohort Study. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022; 15:265-272. [PMID: 34980677 PMCID: PMC10022803 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-21-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Prospective data examining the association of aspirin use, according to dose and duration, with long-term risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in non-Asian cohorts are lacking. We evaluated the association between aspirin use and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in two large prospective U.S. cohort studies, the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate multivariable adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Among the 159,116 participants, we documented 316 gastric adenocarcinoma cases (176 women, 140 men) over 34 years encompassing 4.5 million person-years. Among women, regular aspirin use (at least two times or more per week) was significantly associated with lower risk of gastric adenocarcinoma (multivariable HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.37-0.73) compared with nonregular use. However, regular aspirin use was not associated with gastric adenocarcinoma risk among men (multivariable HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.77-1.52; Pheterogeneity for sex = 0.003). Among women, the lower risk of gastric adenocarcinoma was more apparent with increasing duration of aspirin use (Ptrend < 0.001) and more than five tablets per week (multivariable HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.31-0.84). Regular, long-term aspirin use was associated with lower risk of gastric adenocarcinoma among women, but not men. The benefit appeared after at least 10 years of use and was maximized at higher doses among women. The heterogeneity by sex in the association of aspirin use with risk of gastric adenocarcinoma requires further investigation. PREVENTION RELEVANCE Novel prevention is urgently needed to reduce incidence and mortality of gastric cancer. We found that regular aspirin use was associated with lower risk of gastric adenocarcinoma among women, but not men. The benefit appeared after at least 10 years of use and was maximized at higher doses among women. See related Spotlight, p. 213.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Kwon
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A. Drew
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel J. Klempner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brianna M. Leonardo
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacqueline J. Flynn
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying Bao
- Center for Observational Research & Data Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Mingyang Song
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Umar A, Loomans-Kropp HA. Role of Aspirin in Gastric Cancer Prevention. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022; 15:213-215. [PMID: 35373259 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-22-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of aspirin in cancer prevention has been well described for multiple cancers, with strong data for gastrointestinal cancers. Studies, primarily conducted in colorectal cancer, suggest that aspirin exerts its cancer-preventive effects through the inhibition of gastrointestinal inflammation. Compared with colorectal cancer, the role of aspirin in gastric cancer prevention is less well described, however it stands to reason that aspirin and/or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may inhibit gastric cancer progression through the inhibition of COX-2. As discussed in this issue of Cancer Prevention Research, aspirin may prevent gastric cancer, albeit it appears to exert a disparate effect in men and women, the reason for which remain unclear. These results expand upon prior studies by prospectively examining aspirin use at a wider range of doses and durations in non-Asian participants and lend support to observations from previously conducted studies in Asian populations. See related article, p. 265.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asad Umar
- Gastrointestinal and Other Cancers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Holli A Loomans-Kropp
- Gastrointestinal and Other Cancers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, NIH, Rockville, Maryland.,Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Z, Zhong Y, Ye Z, Zeng L, Chen Y, Shi M, Yuan Z, Zhou Q, Qian M, Zhang MQ. MarkovHC: Markov hierarchical clustering for the topological structure of high-dimensional single-cell omics data with transition pathway and critical point detection. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:46-56. [PMID: 34850940 PMCID: PMC8754642 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustering cells and depicting the lineage relationship among cell subpopulations are fundamental tasks in single-cell omics studies. However, existing analytical methods face challenges in stratifying cells, tracking cellular trajectories, and identifying critical points of cell transitions. To overcome these, we proposed a novel Markov hierarchical clustering algorithm (MarkovHC), a topological clustering method that leverages the metastability of exponentially perturbed Markov chains for systematically reconstructing the cellular landscape. Briefly, MarkovHC starts with local connectivity and density derived from the input and outputs a hierarchical structure for the data. We firstly benchmarked MarkovHC on five simulated datasets and ten public single-cell datasets with known labels. Then, we used MarkovHC to investigate the multi-level architectures and transition processes during human embryo preimplantation development and gastric cancer procession. MarkovHC found heterogeneous cell states and sub-cell types in lineage-specific progenitor cells and revealed the most possible transition paths and critical points in the cellular processes. These results demonstrated MarkovHC's effectiveness in facilitating the stratification of cells, identification of cell populations, and characterization of cellular trajectories and critical points.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, BNRist; Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanjie Zhong
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Zhaofeng Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, BNRist; School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lang Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yang Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, BNRist; Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Minglei Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, BNRist; School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, BNRist; Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiming Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, BNRist; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Minping Qian
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Michael Q Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, BNRist; Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, BNRist; School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Systems Biology, The University of Texas, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou P, Shi W, He XY, Du QY, Wang F, Guo J. Saikosaponin D: review on the antitumour effects, toxicity and pharmacokinetics. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:1480-1489. [PMID: 34714209 PMCID: PMC8567945 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1992448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bupleuri Radix, the dried root of Bupleurum chinense DC and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd (Apiaceae), is an important medicinal herb widely used to treat cancers for hundreds of years in Asian countries. As the most antitumour component but also the main toxic component in Bupleuri Radix, saikosaponin D (SSD) has attracted extensive attention. However, no summary studies have been reported on the antitumour effects, toxicity and pharmacokinetics of this potential natural anticancer substance. OBJECTIVE To analyse and summarise the existing findings regarding to the antitumour effects, toxicity and pharmacokinetics of SSD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected relevant information published before April 2021 by conducting a search of literature available in various online databases including PubMed, Science Direct, CNKI, Wanfang database and the Chinese Biological Medicine Database. Bupleurum, Bupleuri Radix, saikosaponin, saikosaponin D, tumour, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics were used as the keywords. RESULTS The antitumour effects of SSD were multi-targeted and can be realised through various mechanisms, including inhibition of proliferation, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, as well as induction of cell apoptosis, autophagy, and differentiation. The toxicological effects of SSD mainly included hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, haemolysis and cardiotoxicity. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that SSD had the potential to alter the pharmacokinetics of some drugs for its influence on CYPs and P-gp, and the oral bioavailability and actual pharmacodynamic substances in vivo of SSD are still controversial. CONCLUSIONS SSD is a potentially effective and relatively safe natural antitumour substance, but more research is needed, especially in vivo antitumour effects and pharmacokinetics of the compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piao Zhou
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Yan He
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan-Yu Du
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- CONTACT Fei Wang Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu610072, P.R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Jing Guo Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu610072, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang D, Cabalag CS, Clemons NJ, DuBois RN. Cyclooxygenases and Prostaglandins in Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment of Gastrointestinal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1813-1829. [PMID: 34606846 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a known risk factor for gastrointestinal cancer. The evidence that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs suppress the incidence, growth, and metastasis of gastrointestinal cancer supports the concept that a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug target, cyclooxygenase, and its downstream bioactive lipid products may provide one of the links between inflammation and cancer. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the cyclooxygenase-2-prostaglandin E2 pathway can promote gastrointestinal cancer development. Although the role of this pathway in cancer has been investigated extensively for 2 decades, only recent studies have described its effects on host defenses against transformed epithelial cells. Overcoming tumor-immune evasion remains one of the major challenges in cancer immunotherapy. This review summarizes the impacts of the cyclooxygenase-2-prostaglandin E2 pathway on gastrointestinal cancer development. Our focus was to highlight recent advances in our understanding of how this pathway induces tumor immune evasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingzhi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Carlos S Cabalag
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Clemons
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Raymond N DuBois
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Szoka L, Nazaruk J, Stocki M, Isidorov V. Santin and cirsimaritin from Betula pubescens and Betula pendula buds induce apoptosis in human digestive system cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:11085-11096. [PMID: 34755444 PMCID: PMC8650031 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are bioactive secondary metabolites of plants, which exert anti‐cancer effects. However, metabolism in enterocytes and the liver can influence the biological activity of flavonoids contained in the diet. Therefore, results from in vitro studies on cancer cells from the digestive tract and liver may reflect the real effects in the human body. Previously, we have found that the extract from birch buds exerts antiproliferative activity in a panel of cancer cells. In the present study, the anti‐cancer activity of ten flavonoids isolated from the buds of Betula pubescens and Betula pendula was characterized. Among them, santin and cirsimaritin significantly reduced viability, proliferation and clonogenicity of gastric (AGS), colon (DLD‐1) and liver (HepG2) cancer cells. Both flavonoids induced apoptosis, accompanied by activation of caspase‐3, caspase‐7, caspase‐8 and caspase‐9. Moreover, upregulation of p53 was detected only in wild‐type p53 harbouring cells. Together, our results suggest that santin and cirsimaritin exhibit promising anti‐cancer activity in cultures of digestive system cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Szoka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jolanta Nazaruk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Stocki
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Białystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland
| | - Valery Isidorov
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Białystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tsai MM, Lin HC, Yu MC, Lin WJ, Chu MY, Tsai CC, Cheng CY. Anticancer Effects of Helminthostachys zeylanica Ethyl acetate Extracts on Human Gastric Cancer Cells through Downregulation of the TNF-α-activated COX-2-cPLA2-PGE 2 Pathway. J Cancer 2021; 12:7052-7068. [PMID: 34729107 PMCID: PMC8558661 DOI: 10.7150/jca.64638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the second most prevalent cancer worldwide and the eighth most common cause of tumor-related death in Taiwan. Helminthostachys zeylanica, a flavonoid compound, has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects. We examined whether an extract of H. zeylanica (E1 and E2) has potential as a treatment for GC. Methods: We investigated the effects (pro-apoptosis, pro-autophagy, and antiproliferation ability) of H. zeylanica-E2 on cell viability in healthy gastric epithelial (GES-1) and GC cells (AGS and BGC823). H. zeylanica-E2 was toxic to GC cells but had little or no toxicity to normal cells. Results: In this study, H. zeylanica-E2 induced apoptosis through caspase 3/7, Bcl-2, Bax, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase pathways in GC cells. In addition, it increased autophagy by stimulating autophagy-related protein (ATG)5, ATG7, LC3-I/LC3-II, and inhibiting COX-2 activity in GC cells. We also found that H. zeylanica-E2 exhibited antiproliferation ability through cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 and G2/M and suppressed the migration of GC cells. The anticancer effects of H. zeylanica-E2 in GC cells might be mediated partly through inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-activated proinflammatory cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2)-COX-2-prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway. Conclusions: Our results suggest that H. zeylanica-E2 has potential as a novel adjunctive agent for the treatment of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan and Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Chyuan Lin
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chin Yu
- Department of Surgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yi Chu
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ching Tsai
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, and Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Pulmonary Infection and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Park JM, Han YM, Hahm KB. Rejuvenation of Helicobacter pylori-Associated Atrophic Gastritis Through Concerted Actions of Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevented Gastric Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:675443. [PMID: 34483897 PMCID: PMC8416416 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.675443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection causes gastric cancer via the progression of precancerous chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). Therefore, repairing gastric atrophy could be a useful strategy in preventing H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis. Although eradication of the bacterial pathogen offers one solution to this association, this study was designed to evaluate an alternative approach using mesenchymal stem cells to treat CAG and prevent carcinogenesis. Here, we used human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) and their conditioned medium (CM) to treat H. pylori-associated CAG in a mice/cell model to explore their therapeutic effects and elucidate their molecular mechanisms. We compared the changes in the fecal microbiomes in response to PD-MSC treatments, and chronic H. pylori-infected mice were given ten treatments with PD-MSCs before being sacrificed for end point assays at around 36 weeks of age. These animals presented with significant reductions in the mean body weights of the control group, which were eradicated following PD-MSC treatment (p < 0.01). Significant changes in various pathological parameters including inflammation, gastric atrophy, erosions/ulcers, and dysplastic changes were noted in the control group (p < 0.01), but these were all significantly reduced in the PD-MSC/CM-treated groups. Lgr5+, Ki-67, H+/K+-ATPase, and Musashi-1 expressions were all significantly increased in the treated animals, while inflammatory mediators, MMP, and apoptotic executors were significantly decreased in the PD-MSC group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Our model showed that H. pylori-initiated, high-salt diet-promoted gastric atrophic gastritis resulted in significant changes in the fecal microbiome at the phylum/genus level and that PD-MSC/CM interventions facilitated a return to more normal microbial communities. In conclusion, administration of PD-MSCs or their conditioned medium may present a novel rejuvenating agent in preventing the progression of H. pylori-associated premalignant lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Park
- College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Min Han
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- Medpacto Research Institute, Medpacto, Seoul, Korea.,CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, Seongnam, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu J, Gu X, Yang D, Xu S, Wang S, Chen X, Wang Z. Bioactive substances and potentiality of marine microalgae. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5279-5292. [PMID: 34532034 PMCID: PMC8441504 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae is one of the most important components in the aquatic ecosystem, and they are increasingly used in food and medicine production for human consumption due to their rapid growth cycle and survival ability in the harsh environment. Now, the exploration of microalgae has been gradually deepening, mainly focused on the field of nutrition, medicine, and cosmetics. A great deal of studies has shown that microalgae have a variety of functions in regulating the body health and preventing disease, such as nitrogen fixation, antitumor, antivirus, antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic. Furthermore, microalgae can synthesize various high-valued bioactive substances, such as proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, and pigments. In this paper, we have briefly reviewed the research progress of main bioactive components in microalgae, proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, pigments, and other nutrients included, as well as their present application situation. This paper can provide the guidance for research and development of industrial production of microalgae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Wu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & UtilizationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and EnvironmentGuangzhouChina
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinzhe Gu
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Danlu Yang
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shannan Xu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & UtilizationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and EnvironmentGuangzhouChina
- Scientific Observation and Research Field Station of Pearl River Estuary EcosystemGuangzhouChina
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering
Guangdong LaboratoryGuangzhouChina
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and TechnologyFuzhou UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Biological Science and TechnologyFuzhou UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Zhengwu Wang
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xu F, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Pei H, Bai L. Bioinformatic mining and validation of the effects of ferroptosis regulators on the prognosis and progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Gene 2021; 795:145804. [PMID: 34175402 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a new form of programmed cell death, provides a new option for anti-tumor treatment. However, the roles of ferroptosis-related (FR) genes in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) were not fully elaborated. In the present study, 185 TCGA samples and 81 ICGC samples were used as training and validation cohorts, respectively. A novel FR risk signature (ALOX5, ALOX12, PTGS2, SAT1, STEAP3 and SQLE) was constructed via the Lasso regression analysis. In TCGA cohort, the risk signature was identified as an independent prognostic factor. Decision curve analysis (DCA) indicated that FR risk score could increase the net benefit when making clinical-decision. In addition, we constructed a nomogram to predict the overall survival rate (OSR) of individual at 1,2,3 year. Meanwhile, the prognostic value was partly validated in ICGC cohort. Through immune analyses, we found that high FR risk could affect the immune abundances of five lymphocytes but not effectively affect the activities of immune-related pathways. The expressions of most FR risk genes did not correlate with that of PD-L1(CD274) and CTLA4. Further, through RT-qPCR tests, the expressions of PTGS2 and SQLE were proven to be significantly upregulated in normal pancreatic duct epithelia cell (HPDE6-C7) compared to pancreatic cancer cells (SW1990 and BxPC-3). MTT, wound-healing and transwell assays revealed that silencing PTGS2 and SQLE could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Besides, western-blot assays showed that blocking PTGS2 and SQLE expressions could suppress the protein expressions of cyclin D1 and N-cadherin, but facilitate that of E-cadherin, which suggested that they were involved in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Collectively, FR risk signature provides an important complement for PAAD prognostic analysis. High FR risk level can adversely affect anti-tumor immune process, but may not serve as a predictive marker of ICIs efficacy. PTGS2 and SQLE are proven to possess cancer-promoting abilities in PAAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangshi Xu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Zhengliang Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Yidi Zhao
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Honghong Pei
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Ling Bai
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ji XK, Madhurapantula SV, He G, Wang KY, Song CH, Zhang JY, Wang KJ. Genetic variant of cyclooxygenase-2 in gastric cancer: More inflammation and susceptibility. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4653-4666. [PMID: 34366627 PMCID: PMC8326261 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i28.4653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer accounts for the majority cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although various methods have considerably improved the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of gastric cancer, its incidence is still high in Asia, and the 5-year survival rate of advanced gastric cancer patients is only 10%-20%. Therefore, more effective drugs and better screening strategies are needed for reducing the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is considered to be the key inducible enzyme in prostaglandins (PGs) synthesis, which is involved in multiple pathways in the inflammatory response. For example, inflammatory cytokines stimulate innate immune responses via Toll-like receptors and nuclear factor-kappa B to induce COX-2/PGE2 pathway. In these processes, the production of an inflammatory microenvironment promotes the occurrence of gastric cancer. Epidemiological studies have also indicated that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can reduce the risk of malignant tumors of the digestive system by blocking the effect of COX-2. However, clinical use of COX-2 inhibitors to prevent or treat gastric cancer may be limited because of potential side effects, especially in the cardiovascular system. Given these side effects and low treatment efficacy, new therapeutic approaches and early screening strategies are urgently needed. Some studies have shown that genetic variation in COX-2 also play an important role in carcinogenesis. However, the genetic variation analysis in these studies is incomplete and isolated, pointing out only a few single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of gastric cancer, and no comprehensive study covering the whole gene region has been carried out. In addition, copy number variation (CNV) is not mentioned. In this review, we summarize the SNPs in the whole COX-2 gene sequence, including exons, introns, and both the 5' and 3' untranslated regions. Results suggest that COX-2 does not increase its expression through the CNV and the SNPs in COX-2 may serve as the potential marker to establish risk stratification in the general population. This review synthesizes emerging insights of COX-2 as a biomarker in multiple studies, summarizes the association between whole COX-2 sequence variation and susceptibility to gastric cancer, and discusses the future prospect of therapeutic intervention, which will be helpful for early screening and further research to find new approaches to gastric cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Ke Ji
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Sailaja Vatsalya Madhurapantula
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Gui He
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Kun-Yan Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Chun-Hua Song
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Jian-Ying Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Kai-Juan Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gómez-Valenzuela F, Escobar E, Pérez-Tomás R, Montecinos VP. The Inflammatory Profile of the Tumor Microenvironment, Orchestrated by Cyclooxygenase-2, Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Oncol 2021; 11:686792. [PMID: 34178680 PMCID: PMC8222670 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.686792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) corresponds to a complex and dynamic interconnection between the extracellular matrix and malignant cells and their surrounding stroma composed of immune and mesenchymal cells. The TME has constant cellular communication through cytokines that sustain an inflammatory profile, which favors tumor progression, angiogenesis, cell invasion, and metastasis. Although the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents a relevant metastasis-initiating event that promotes an invasive phenotype in malignant epithelial cells, its relationship with the inflammatory profile of the TME is poorly understood. Previous evidence strongly suggests that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression, a pro-inflammatory enzyme related to chronic unresolved inflammation, is associated with common EMT-signaling pathways. This review article summarizes how COX-2 overexpression, within the context of the TME, orchestrates the EMT process and promotes initial metastatic-related events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernán Gómez-Valenzuela
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrico Escobar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Tomás
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy - Bellvitge, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Viviana P Montecinos
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Padda J, Khalid K, Cooper AC, Jean-Charles G. Association Between Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Carcinoma. Cureus 2021; 13:e15165. [PMID: 34168929 PMCID: PMC8216031 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. In 2018, the incidence of gastric carcinoma worldwide was over 1,000,000 new cases, with approximately 783,000 deaths. The rate of new cases is noticeably increased in Eastern Asia. Helicobacter pylori is responsible for the increased incidence of gastric cancer. In the year 2015, H. pylori had an approximate prevalence of 4.4 billion positive cases worldwide, with the most positive cases found within the region of Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and of Asia. H. pylori is known to have multiple strains which allow it to survive in the host cell epithelium chronically. Research has shown many factors which play a significant role in developing infection and thereafter its progression to gastric carcinoma. After H. pylori colonizes the gastric mucosa, its effects can be potentiated by virulence factors, host factors, and environmental factors. H. pylori contains virulence factors that aid in the adhesion, translocation, inflammation, and infectivity of the host gastric epithelium. It alters the functions of the host immune response and cytokines, utilizing these factors to invade and persist in the gastric epithelium for a long period of time. The human body will identify H. pylori to be foreign and will exacerbate an inflammatory response in an effort to eradicate the bacterium. Consequently, this will cause H. pylori to induce a serious infection which may progress to cancer. In this review, we will discuss the various factors involved in the infectious process of H. pylori and how they help the infection progress to gastric carcinoma. This will allow us to better understand and modulate treatments to effectively eradicate this bacterium before it triggers the body into developing cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gutteridge Jean-Charles
- Internal Medicine, Advent Health and Orlando Health Hospital/JC Medical Center, Orlando, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Celecoxib induces apoptosis through Akt inhibition in 5-fluorouracil-resistant gastric cancer cells. Toxicol Res 2021; 37:25-33. [PMID: 33489855 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer and a global public health problem. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the primary drug chosen for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer, but acquired cancer drug resistance limits its effectiveness and clinical use. Proliferation assays showed that a gastric carcinoma cell line, AGS and 5-FU-resistant AGS cells (AGS FR) treated with 3-100 μM 5-FU for 48 h or 72 h showed different sensitivities to 5-FU. Immunoblot assay demonstrated that AGS FR cells expressed more COX-2 and PGE2-cognated receptor EP2 than AGS cells. AGS FR cells considerably produced PGE2 than AGS upon stimulation with 5-FU. These results suggest that COX-2 expression is associated with 5-FU resistance. Unlike AGS FR cells, AGS cells showed increased levels of both cleaved caspase-3 and Bax following 5-FU treatment. Treatment of cells with the COX-2 selective inhibitor celecoxib induced cell death of AGS FR cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. FACS analysis showed that celecoxib at high doses caused apoptotic cell death, demonstrating a concentration-dependent increase in the cell populations undergoing early apoptosis and late apoptosis. This apoptotic induction was strongly supported by the expression profiles of apoptosis- and survival-associated proteins in response to celecoxib; pro-apoptotic cellular proteins increased while expressions of COX-2 and p-Akt were downregulated in a concentration-dependent manner. An increase in PTEN expression was accompanied with downregulation of p-Akt. Based on the data that downregulation of COX-2 was correlated with the concentrations of celecoxib, COX-2 may play a key role in celecoxib-induced cell death of AGS FR cells. Butaprost, the EP2 agonist, promoted proliferative activity of AGS FR cells in a concentration-dependent manner compared with AGS cells. In cells exposed to butaprost, expressions of COX-2 and p-Akt were increased in a concentration-dependent manner with concomitantly reduced PTEN levels. Taken together, 5-FU-resistance in gastric cancer is correlated with COX-2 expression, and therefore the selective inhibition of COX-2 leads to suppression of cell proliferation of AGS FR cells. Modulation of COX-2 expression and its catalytic activity may be a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome 5-FU-resistant gastric cancer.
Collapse
|
25
|
Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum exhibit antiproliferation, anti-angiogenesis of gastric and bladder cancer: Impact of COX2 inhibition. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
26
|
Szczęśniak-Sięga BM, Wiatrak B, Czyżnikowska Ż, Janczak J, Wiglusz RJ, Maniewska J. Synthesis and biological evaluation as well as in silico studies of arylpiperazine-1,2-benzothiazine derivatives as novel anti-inflammatory agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 106:104476. [PMID: 33250206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel arylpiperazine-1,2-benzothiazine derivatives have been designed and synthesized as potential anti-inflammatory agents. Their structure and properties have been studied using spectroscopic techniques (1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR), MS, elemental analyses, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD, for compound 7b). This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory activity of new derivatives against both cyclooxygenase isoforms COX-1 and COX-2 due to the similarity of new compounds to oxicams drugs from the NSAIDs group. All new compounds were divided into two series - A and B - with a different linker between thiazine and piperazines nitrogens. Series A included the three-carbon aliphatic linker and series B - two-carbon with a carbonyl group. According to in vitro and molecular docking studies all new compounds exhibited cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity. The series of A compounds included COX-1 inhibitors only. In contrast, the B series showed inhibition of both COX-1 and COX-2, which suggested the importance of the acetoxy linker for COX-2 inhibition. Moreover, the most selective compound 7b, towards COX-2, was non-toxic for the normal human cell line (in concentration of 10 µM) comparable to reference drug meloxicam. Additionally, investigation of influence on model membranes confirmed the ability of the compound 7b to penetrate lipid bilayers which seemed to be important to the influence with membrane protein-cyclooxygenase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berenika M Szczęśniak-Sięga
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Żaneta Czyżnikowska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Janczak
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2 Str., 50-422 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rafal J Wiglusz
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2 Str., 50-422 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Maniewska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Guo W, Zhang Z, Li G, Lai X, Gu R, Xu W, Chen H, Xing Z, Chen L, Qian J, Xu S, Zeng F, Deng F. Pyruvate Kinase M2 Promotes Prostate Cancer Metastasis Through Regulating ERK1/2-COX-2 Signaling. Front Oncol 2020; 10:544288. [PMID: 33117682 PMCID: PMC7550821 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.544288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key enzyme of glycolysis, which is highly expressed in many tumor cells, and has emerged as an important player in tumor progression and metastasis. However, the functional roles of PKM2 in tumor metastasis remain elusive. Here we showed that PKM2 promoted prostate cancer metastasis via extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK)-cyclooxygenase (COX-2) signaling. Based on public databases, we found that PKM2 expression was upregulated in prostate cancer and positively associated with tumor metastasis. Further analysis showed that PKM2 promoted prostate cancer cell migration/invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through upregulation of COX-2. Mechanistically, PKM2 interacted with ERK1/2 and regulated its phosphorylation, leading to phosphorylation of transcription factor c-Jun, downstream of ERK1/2, to activate COX-2 transcription by IP and ChIP assay, while inhibition of COX-2 significantly reversed the promotion effect of PKM2 on tumor metastasis in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that a novel of PKM2-ERK1/2-c-Jun-COX-2 axis is a potential target in controlling prostate cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhishuai Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihuan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoju Lai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruonan Gu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanfu Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Xing
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiabi Qian
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyuan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangyin Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cho MH, Yoo TG, Jeong SM, Shin DW. Association of Aspirin, Metformin, and Statin Use with Gastric Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 14:95-104. [PMID: 32938643 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer effects of aspirin, metformin, and statins against gastric cancer, one of the most common cancers in the world, have been reported. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate independent associations of aspirin, metformin, and statin use with gastric cancer incidence and mortality after adjustment for concomitant use of other drugs, using pooled cohort data extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance claim database. Follow-up started on January 1, 2004 and ended at the date of gastric cancer diagnosis, death, or December 31, 2013. Exposures to drugs were defined as cumulative duration of use for aspirin and cumulative defined daily dose for metformin and statin, and were entered as time-dependent variables in Cox analysis models to avoid immortal time bias. Use of aspirin for longer than 182.5 and 547.5 days during 2-year interval was associated with reduced risks of gastric cancer incidence and mortality, respectively. Patients with diabetes were at higher risk of gastric cancer incidence and mortality than nondiabetic people, regardless of metformin treatment. However, metformin use among patients with diabetes was associated with a reduction in gastric cancer mortality in a dose-response manner. Statin use was also associated with a reduction of gastric cancer mortality in the general population, but not with gastric cancer incidence. In conclusion, long-term use of aspirin was independently associated with reduced incidence and mortality of gastric cancer in the general population, but metformin or statin use was only associated with a reduction of gastric cancer mortality in patients with diabetes and in the general population, respectively. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: Long-term use of aspirin was independently associated with reduced incidence and mortality of gastric cancer in the general population. Metformin or statin use, however, was only associated with a reduction of gastric cancer mortality in diabetic patients and in the general population in a dose-response manner, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hee Cho
- Samsung C&T Medical Clinic, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Tae Gon Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Hongseong Medical Center, Hongseong-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Su-Min Jeong
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea (South)
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Health Service Center, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea (South)
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea (South)
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea (South).
- Supportive Care Center, Samsung Comprehensive Cancer Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea (South)
- Department of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea (South)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang B, Hu XT, Zhou KM, Yang YS, Zhu HL. Discovery of novel aminophosphonate derivatives containing pyrazole moiety as potential selective COX-2 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104096. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
30
|
Najafi M, Mortezaee K, Rahimifard M, Farhood B, Haghi-Aminjan H. The role of curcumin/curcuminoids during gastric cancer chemotherapy: A systematic review of non-clinical study. Life Sci 2020; 257:118051. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
31
|
Qi YF, Liu M, Zhang Y, Liu W, Xiao H, Luo B. EBV down-regulates COX-2 expression via TRAF2 and ERK signal pathway in EBV-associated gastric cancer. Virus Res 2019; 272:197735. [PMID: 31473273 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) accounts for nearly 10% of gastric cancer. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a crucial role in cancer progression. However, there is no experimental study on the regulation mechanism of EBV on COX-2 in EBVaGC. To understand more about the tumorigenic mechanism of EBVaGC, the study investigated the role of EBV encode latent membrane protein LMP1 and LMP2A in the regulation of COX-2. The expression of COX-2 was examined in EBVaGC and EBV negative gastric cancer (EBVnGC) cell lines. The plasmids were transfected in SGC7901 to overexpress LMP1/2A. Small interfering RNA (si-RNA) targeting LMP1/2A in GT38 and targeting TRAF2 in SGC7901 were used to detect the expression of COX-2. Furthermore, si-ERK1/2 and the MEK inhibitor PD0325901 were used to investigate whether p-ERK participate in the regulation of COX-2 in SGC7901. The overexpression of LMP1 or LMP2A in SGC7901 down-regulates both COX-2 and TRAF2 expression, and knockdown of LMP1 or LMP2A in GT38 resulted in a certain recovery of COX-2 and TRAF2 expression. Moreover, si-TRAF2 indicated that a sharp down-regulation of COX-2. And the decrease of p-ERK also mediates the inhibitory effect of LMP1 on COX-2. In summary, overexpression of LMP1 and LMP2A inhibits COX-2, which is mediated by a decrease of TRAF2, and p-ERK is involved in the inhibition of COX-2 by LMP1 in gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Qi
- Department of Medical microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 19 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medical microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Zibo, 19 Gongqingtuan Road, ZiBo, 255036, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Medical microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Medical microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Medical microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang P, Yang M, Zhang Y, Xiao S, Lai X, Tan A, Du S, Li S. Dissecting the Single-Cell Transcriptome Network Underlying Gastric Premalignant Lesions and Early Gastric Cancer. Cell Rep 2019; 27:1934-1947.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
33
|
Alves ADF, Baldissera VD, Chiela ECF, Cerski CTS, Fontes PRO, Fernandes MDC, Porawski M, Giovenardi M. Altered expression of COX-2 and TNF-α in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2019; 111:364-370. [PMID: 30810331 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2019.5898/2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM hepatocellular carcinoma is a type of cancer related with inflammation, as 90% of cases develop in a chronic inflammation condition. Excess inflammation can affect tissue homeostasis. Cytokines and inflammatory mediators are immunological components that can influence the functioning of cells and tissues. In addition, the estrogen receptor appears to play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of inflammatory markers and ER in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS data from 143 patients of ISCMPA were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was performed of cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and ER in paraffin-embedded hepatic tissue. The percentage of the stained area, intensity of staining and of the number of ER positive nuclei were evaluated using the ImageJ 1.50 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of the percentage of marked area (p = 0.040) for COX-2 and the intensity of staining of TNF-α (p = 0.030). No significant differences were observed in any of other parameters evaluated. In conclusion, COX-2 and TNF-α are possible markers that should be further studied to determine their immunohistochemical profile and role in HCC development.
Collapse
|
34
|
Inhibition of secretory phospholipase A2 IIa attenuates prostaglandin E2-induced invasiveness in lung adenocarcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 456:145-156. [PMID: 30684134 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Secretory phospholipase A2 IIa (sPLA2 IIa) catalyzes the production of multiple inflammatory mediators that influence the development of lung and other cancers. The most potent of these carcinogenic mediators is prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). We hypothesize that sPLA2 IIa inhibition modulates the production of PGE2, and sPLA2 IIa inhibition exerts its antineoplastic effects via downregulation of PGE2 production. We aim to evaluate these relationships via analysis of PGE2-mediated growth regulation pathways. A549 and H1650 lung adenocarcinoma cells were assayed for PGE2 production in the presence of sPLA2 IIa inhibitor. A549 and H1650 cells were treated with PGE2 and immune blotting was performed to assess ICAM-1 expression and STAT-3 activity. PGE2-induced ICAM-1 expression was measured via immunofluorescence. A549 and H1650 cells were treated with PGE2 in the presence of STAT3 inhibitor and assayed for ICAM-1 expression. A549 cells were treated with PGE2 in the presence ICAM-1 blocking antibody and assayed for invasion. PGE2 stimulation significantly increased the invasiveness and proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma (invasion p < 0.05, proliferation p < 0.05 A549 cells, p < 0.005 H1650 cells). sPLA2 IIa inhibition reduced PGE2 secretion (p < 0.05). PGE2 stimulation significantly upregulated the expression of cell adhesion molecule ICAM-1 and the phosphorylation of anti-apoptotic transcription factor STAT3 (p < 0.05). STAT3 inhibition attenuated ICAM-1 expression demonstrating the dependence of ICAM-1 on the STAT3 pathway (p < 0.05). ICAM-1 blockade attenuated the pro-invasive effects of PGE2 (p < 0.05). sPLA2 IIa inhibition attenuates the potent effects of PGE2-induced invasiveness. This is mediated by decreasing pro-inflammatory and invasion-promoting ICAM-1via the STAT-3 pathway. These data further describe how sPLA2 IIa inhibition mechanistically exerts its anticancer effects and support its use as an antineoplastic agent.
Collapse
|
35
|
Genetic Polymorphisms in Inflammatory and Other Regulators in Gastric Cancer: Risks and Clinical Consequences. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:53-76. [PMID: 31123885 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with the development of a chronic inflammatory response, which may induce peptic ulcers, gastric cancer (GC), and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Chronic H. pylori infection promotes the genetic instability of gastric epithelial cells and interferes with the DNA repair systems in host cells. Colonization of the stomach with H. pylori is an important cause of non-cardia GC and gastric MALT lymphoma. The reduction of GC development in patients who underwent anti-H. pylori eradication schemes has also been well described. Individual susceptibility to GC development depends on the host's genetic predisposition, H. pylori virulence factors, environmental conditions, and geographical determinants. Biological determinants are urgently sought to predict the clinical course of infection in individuals with confirmed H. pylori infection. Possible candidates for such biomarkers include genetic aberrations such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found in various cytokines/growth factors (e.g., IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A/B, IFN-γ, TNF, TGF-β) and their receptors (IL-RN, TGFR), innate immunity receptors (TLR2, TLR4, CD14, NOD1, NOD2), enzymes involved in signal transduction cascades (PLCE1, PKLR, PRKAA1) as well as glycoproteins (MUC1, PSCA), and DNA repair enzymes (ERCC2, XRCC1, XRCC3). Bacterial determinants related to GC development include infection with CagA-positive (particularly with a high number of EPIYA-C phosphorylation motifs) and VacA-positive isolates (in particular s1/m1 allele strains). The combined genotyping of bacterial and host determinants suggests that the accumulation of polymorphisms favoring host and bacterial features increases the risk for precancerous and cancerous lesions in patients.
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhao T, Huo X, Chen J. Genetic polymorphism of rs9564966 G > A on 13q22.1 predicts poor survival for Chinese patients with gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 8:428-436. [PMID: 30537204 PMCID: PMC6346249 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two genomewide association studies on pancreatic cancer have identified a novel single‐nucleotide polymorphism of rs9564966 G > A on 13q22.1 region. However, the associations between the rs9564966 G > A polymorphism and the survival of Chinese patients with gastric cancer (GC) were unknown. In our present investigation, we adopted the Kaplan‐Meier plots, Cox regression analyses, and the log‐rank tests to explore the associations between rs9564966 G > A polymorphism and the prognosis of 911 Chinese patients with GC. Our results revealed that, compared with GG genotype, patients with GA + AA genotypes had poorer outcomes (HR = 1.348, 95% CI = 1.084‐1.675, P = 0.007), especially in the subgroups of age ≤60 years, male, nondrinker, tumor size >5 cm, tumor site in Noncardia, intestinal‐type tumor, T3/T4 level depth of invasion, N1/N2/N3 level lymph node metastasis, no distant metastasis, III/IV level TNM stages, and no chemotherapy. Our findings suggested that the rs9564966 G > A polymorphism may be a potential biomarker to predict the survival of Chinese patients with GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinying Huo
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinfei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-1 Inhibitors in Cancer: A Review of Oncology and Medicinal Chemistry Literature. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11040101. [PMID: 30314310 PMCID: PMC6316056 DOI: 10.3390/ph11040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins and thromboxane are lipid signaling molecules deriving from arachidonic acid by the action of the cyclooxygenase isoenzymes COX-1 and COX-2. The role of cyclooxygenases (particularly COX-2) and prostaglandins (particularly PGE₂) in cancer-related inflammation has been extensively investigated. In contrast, COX-1 has received less attention, although its expression increases in several human cancers and a pathogenetic role emerges from experimental models. COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms seem to operate in a coordinate manner in cancer pathophysiology, especially in the tumorigenesis process. However, in some cases, exemplified by the serous ovarian carcinoma, COX-1 plays a pivotal role, suggesting that other histopathological and molecular subtypes of cancer disease could share this feature. Importantly, the analysis of functional implications of COX-1-signaling, as well as of pharmacological action of COX-1-selective inhibitors, should not be restricted to the COX pathway and to the effects of prostaglandins already known for their ability of affecting the tumor phenotype. A knowledge-based choice of the most appropriate tumor cell models, and a major effort in investigating the COX-1 issue in the more general context of arachidonic acid metabolic network by using the systems biology approaches, should be strongly encouraged.
Collapse
|
38
|
do Rosário Pinheiro D, Harada ML, Rodriguez Burbano RM, do Nascimento Borges B. COX-2 gene expression and methylation profile in Sapajus apella as an experimental model for gastric adenocarcinoma. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:496-501. [PMID: 29767663 PMCID: PMC6082229 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the main causes of cancer-related death worldwide. There are two distinct histological types of GC: diffuse and intestinal. The latter is characterized by the presence of pre-neoplastic lesions. One of the most frequently altered enzymes in intestinal GC is COX-2, an important lesion marker. This work aimed to study COX-2 methylation and expression in N-methyl-N-Nitrosurea (MNU)-induced intestinal GC in six Sapajus apella animals. The partial promoter sequence of S. apella COX-2 gene was obtained and used to identify transcription factors and cis-regulatory element binding sites. The COX-2 methylation pattern was assessed using Methylation-Specific PCR (MSP), and expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHQ). A total of 20 samples were obtained. A 675 bp fragment of the S. apella COX-2 promoter region was obtained, and it was 99.2% and 68.2% similar to H. sapiens and S. boliviensis, respectively. Similar to humans, several transcription factors and cis-regulatory element binding sites were identified in the S. apella sequence. MSP revealed that all samples were methylated. However, IHQ results demonstrated positive COX-2 expression in all pre-neoplastic and tumoral samples. The results suggest that the analyzed fragment is not crucial in COX-2 regulation of GC in S. apella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo do Rosário Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal do
ParáUniversidade Federal do ParáInstituto de Ciências
BiológicasMolecular Biology LaboratoryBelémPABrazilMolecular Biology Laboratory, Instituto de
Ciências Biológicas. Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA,
Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Harada
- Universidade Federal do
ParáUniversidade Federal do ParáInstituto de Ciências
BiológicasMolecular Biology LaboratoryBelémPABrazilMolecular Biology Laboratory, Instituto de
Ciências Biológicas. Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA,
Brazil
| | - Rommel Mario Rodriguez Burbano
- Universidade Federal do
ParáUniversidade Federal do ParáInstituto de Ciências
BiológicasHuman Cytogenetics LaboratoryBelémPABrazilHuman Cytogenetics Laboratory, Instituto de
Ciências Biológicas. Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA,
Brazil
| | - Barbara do Nascimento Borges
- Universidade Federal do
ParáUniversidade Federal do ParáInstituto de Ciências
BiológicasMolecular Biology LaboratoryBelémPABrazilMolecular Biology Laboratory, Instituto de
Ciências Biológicas. Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA,
Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for gastrointestinal cancer and other diseases. Most studies have focused on cytokines and chemokines as mediators connecting chronic inflammation to cancer, whereas the involvement of lipid mediators, including prostanoids, has not been extensively investigated. Prostanoids are among the earliest signaling molecules released in response to inflammation. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that prostanoids are involved in gastrointestinal cancer. In this Review, we discuss how prostanoids impact gastrointestinal cancer development. In particular, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of how prostaglandin E2 induces the immunosuppressive microenvironment in gastrointestinal cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingzhi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Raymond N DuBois
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Szász AM, Lánczky A, Nagy Á, Förster S, Hark K, Green JE, Boussioutas A, Busuttil R, Szabó A, Győrffy B. Cross-validation of survival associated biomarkers in gastric cancer using transcriptomic data of 1,065 patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:49322-49333. [PMID: 27384994 PMCID: PMC5226511 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 733] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple gene expression based prognostic biomarkers have been repeatedly identified in gastric carcinoma. However, without confirmation in an independent validation study, their clinical utility is limited. Our goal was to establish a robust database enabling the swift validation of previous and future gastric cancer survival biomarker candidates. Results The entire database incorporates 1,065 gastric carcinoma samples, gene expression data. Out of 29 established markers, higher expression of BECN1 (HR = 0.68, p = 1.5E-05), CASP3 (HR = 0.5, p = 6E-14), COX2 (HR = 0.72, p = 0.0013), CTGF (HR = 0.72, p = 0.00051), CTNNB1 (HR = 0.47, p = 4.3E-15), MET (HR = 0.63, p = 1.3E-05), and SIRT1 (HR = 0.64, p = 2.2E-07) correlated to longer OS. Higher expression of BIRC5 (HR = 1.45, p = 1E-04), CNTN1 (HR = 1.44, p = 3.5E- 05), EGFR (HR = 1.86, p = 8.5E-11), ERCC1 (HR = 1.36, p = 0.0012), HER2 (HR = 1.41, p = 0.00011), MMP2 (HR = 1.78, p = 2.6E-09), PFKB4 (HR = 1.56, p = 3.2E-07), SPHK1 (HR = 1.61, p = 3.1E-06), SP1 (HR = 1.45, p = 1.6E-05), TIMP1 (HR = 1.92, p = 2.2E- 10) and VEGF (HR = 1.53, p = 5.7E-06) were predictive for poor OS. MATERIALS AND METHODS We integrated samples of three major cancer research centers (Berlin, Bethesda and Melbourne datasets) and publicly available datasets with available follow-up data to form a single integrated database. Subsequently, we performed a literature search for prognostic markers in gastric carcinomas (PubMed, 2012–2015) and re-validated their findings predicting first progression (FP) and overall survival (OS) using uni- and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Conclusions The major advantage of our analysis is that we evaluated all genes in the same set of patients thereby making direct comparison of the markers feasible. The best performing genes include BIRC5, CASP3, CTNNB1, TIMP-1, MMP-2, SIRT, and VEGF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Marcell Szász
- MTA-TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Lánczky
- MTA-TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Nagy
- MTA-TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Susann Förster
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Hark
- Transgenic Oncogenesis and Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Green
- Transgenic Oncogenesis and Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alex Boussioutas
- Cancer Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rita Busuttil
- Cancer Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - András Szabó
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA-TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dinicola S, Masiello MG, Proietti S, Coluccia P, Fabrizi G, Catizone A, Ricci G, de Toma G, Bizzarri M, Cucina A. Nicotine increases colon cancer cell migration and invasion through epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT): COX-2 involvement. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:4935-4948. [PMID: 29215713 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a recognized risk factor for colon cancer and nicotine, the principal active component of tobacco, plays a pivotal role in increasing colon cancer cell growth and survival. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nicotine on cellular Caco-2 and HCT-8 migration and invasion, focusing on epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction, and COX-2 pathway involvement. In both these cell lines, treatment with nicotine increased COX-2 expression and the release of its enzymatic product PGE2 . Moreover, nicotine-stimulated cells showed increased migratory and invasive behavior, mesenchymal markers up-regulation and epithelial markers down-regulation, nuclear translocation of the β-catenin, increase of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity, and enhanced NF-κB expression. Noticeably, all these effects are largely mediated by COX-2 activity, as simultaneous treatment of both cell lines with nicotine and NS-398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, greatly reduced the number of migrating and invading cells and reverted nicotine-induced EMT. These findings emphasize that nicotine triggers EMT, leading hence to increased migration and invasiveness of colon cancer cells. Thereby, the use of COX-2 inhibitor drugs might likely counteract nicotine-mediated EMT effects on colon cancer development and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Dinicola
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria G Masiello
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Proietti
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Coluccia
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Fabrizi
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Catizone
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ricci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio de Toma
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cucina
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wei Y, Yang P, Cao S, Zhao L. The combination of curcumin and 5-fluorouracil in cancer therapy. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 41:1-13. [PMID: 29230689 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) alone or in combination with other therapeutic drugs has been widely used for clinical treatment of various cancers. However, 5-FU-based chemotherapy has limited anticancer efficacy in clinic due to multidrug resistance and dose-limiting cytotoxicity. Some molecules and genes in cancer cells, such as nuclear factor kappa B, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclooxygenase-2, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten and Bcl-2 etc. are related to the chemoresistance and sensitivity of cancer cells to 5-FU. The activation of these molecules and genes expressions in cancer cells will be increased or decreased with long-term exposure of 5-FU. Curcumin has been found to be able to negatively regulate these processes. In order to overcome the problems of 5-FU, curcumin has been used to combine with 5-FU in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No.3-5, Zhongshan Road, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Panjing Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646099, China
| | - Shousong Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 3-319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No.3-5, Zhongshan Road, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Guo Q, Liu X, Lu L, Yuan H, Wang Y, Chen Z, Ji R, Zhou Y. Comprehensive evaluation of clinical efficacy and safety of celecoxib combined with chemotherapy in management of gastric cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8857. [PMID: 29390421 PMCID: PMC5758123 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of celecoxib combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of gastric cancer. METHODS In total, 240 gastric cancer patients undergoing radical gastrectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy were randomly assigned into 2 groups. In the experimental group (n = 120), patients were administered with celecoxib-based chemotherapy, and chemotherapy alone was performed in the control group. Disease-free survival (DFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were considered as the primary efficacy parameters, and objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), quality of life (QOL), and safety as the secondary efficacy parameters. RESULTS The 3-year OS did not significantly differ between the experimental (72%) and control groups (68%, P = .67). The 3-year DFS in the experimental group was 64%, which did not significantly differ from 51% in the control group (P = .41). In patients with positive cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) from the experimental group, the 3-year OS was 78%, significantly higher compared with 66% in the control group (P = .02), and the 3-year DFS was 70%, considerably >50% in the control group (P = .01). No statistical significance was identified in the incidence of nausea, neutropenia, anorexia, peripheral neurotoxicity, diarrhea, vomiting, asthenia, and thrombocytopenia, etc. The EORTC quality of life questionnaire (QLQ)-C30 questionnaire revealed that the global QOL in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < .05). No statistical significance was noted in the scores of functioning scale between 2 groups, whereas the scores of the symptom scale, especially pain and fatigue in the experimental group were remarkably higher than that in the control group (P < .05). The global score of EORTC QLQ-STO22 in the experimental group was considerably higher compared with that in the control group (P < .05). No statistical significance was identified in term of the domains of restrictions on feeding, dysphagia, anxiety, reflux, sense of taste, dry mouth, hair loss, and body shape between groups (all P > .05). CONCLUSION Celecoxib combined with chemotherapy yields clinical benefits for gastric cancer patients with positive COX-2, which not only enhances the OS, DFS, PFS, QOL, and short-term clinical efficacy, but also does not increase the risk of adverse events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Oncology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou
| | - Linzhi Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuwei Tumor Hospital of Gansu Province, Wuwei, China
| | | | | | | | - Rui Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zeleniak AE, Huang W, Brinkman MK, Fishel ML, Hill R. Loss of MTSS1 results in increased metastatic potential in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16473-16487. [PMID: 28146435 PMCID: PMC5369978 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a 5-year survival rate of 7%. This dismal prognosis is largely due to the inability to diagnose the disease before metastasis occurs. Tumor cell dissemination occurs early in PDAC. While it is known that inflammation facilitates this process, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this progression have not been fully characterized. Here, we functionally test the role of metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1) in PDAC. Despite evidence showing that MTSS1 could be important for regulating metastasis in many different cancers, its function in PDAC has not been studied. Here, we show that loss of MTSS1 leads to increased invasion and migration in PDAC cell lines. Moreover, PDAC cells treated with cancer-associated fibroblast-conditioned media also have increased metastatic potential, which is augmented by loss of MTSS1. Finally, overexpression of MTSS1 in PDAC cell lines leads to a loss of migratory potential in vitro and an increase in overall survival in vivo. Collectively, our data provide insight into an important role for MTSS1 in suppressing tumor cell invasion and migration driven by the tumor microenvironment and suggest that therapeutic strategies aimed at increasing MTSS1 levels may effectively slow the development of metastatic lesions, increasing survival of patients with PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Zeleniak
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA
| | - Mary K Brinkman
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA
| | - Melissa L Fishel
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Pancreatic Cancer Signature Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Reginald Hill
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yi L, Lv Z, Wang J, Zhong X. Bcl‑2 associated athanogene 4 promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3753-3760. [PMID: 29067445 PMCID: PMC5646952 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, with the increase of morbidity and mortality rate, gastric cancer (GC) is attracting increasing attention in China. Bcl-2-associated athanogene 4 (BAG4) has been identified as a tumor promoter in several tumors, but its role in GC remains unknown. The present study aimed to detect the expression of BAG4 and determine its function in the progression of GC. The results from reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting revealed that BAG4 was markedly upregulated in highly metastatic cell lines (SGC7901 and MGC803), compared with the lower-metastatic cell lines (AGS and BGC823). Through Cell Counting Kit-8, cell cycle, apoptosis, Transwell and colony formation assays, BAG4 was demonstrated to promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells in vitro. Additionally, in vivo assays further certified that BAG4 can increase the proliferation and invasion of GC cells. In conclusion, these findings implicate BAG4 as a potential therapeutic target for GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Leshan People's Hospital, Leshan, Sichuan 614000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenbing Lv
- Department of General Surgery Two, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xianfei Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Leshan People's Hospital, Leshan, Sichuan 614000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ye Y, Liu M, Yuan H, Ning S, Wang Y, Chen Z, Ji R, Guo Q, Li Q, Zhou Y. COX-2 regulates Snail expression in gastric cancer via the Notch1 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:512-522. [PMID: 28586004 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins by cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 contributes to the biological properties of malignant tumours. During the initiation and development of various tumours, the Notch family plays a key role. However, the association between COX‑2 and the Notch family in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. The present study aimed to clarify the mechanisms through which COX‑2 participates in the pathogenesis of GC. Quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of Notch family members and COX‑2 in human GC and paracancerous tissues, GES‑1 cells and GC cell lines (AGS, SGC‑7901, BGC‑823, and MGC‑803) treated with or without celecoxib, prostaglandin E2 and small interfering RNA (siRNA). A CCK‑8 assay was performed to detect the proliferation of GC cells transfected with siRNA against COX‑2 (si‑COX‑2). A high mRNA expression of Notch1 and a decreased expression of Notch-1 intracellular active domain (N1IC) in GC were found to be related to the depth of invasion and TNM staging. The mRNA levels of Notch2, Notch3, Jagged1 and N2IC were found to be high in GC. A High expression of COX‑2 was associated with poorly differentiated and deeply invasive GC. COX‑2 and Notch1 exhibited an inverse expression pattern in the GES‑1 cells and different GC cell lines; the inhibition of COX‑2 increased Notch1 expression and activated the GC cells, whereas Notch1 downregulation had the opposite effect. Notch1 exhibited varying effects on Snail in the GC cell lines. The downregulation of COX‑2 expression significantly inhibited the proliferation of GC cells. On the whole, the expression of Notch signalling molecules differed in GC. COX‑2 inversely regulated Notch1 in GC and partially depended on the Notch1 signalling pathway in altering the expression of Snail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Ye
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Shupeng Ning
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zhaofeng Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Ji
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Qinghong Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yongning Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gao S, Sun Y, Liu X, Zhang D, Yang X. EpCAM and COX-2 expression are positively correlated in human breast cancer. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3755-3760. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
48
|
Lins RR, Oshima CTF, Oliveira LAD, Silva MS, Mader AMAA, Waisberg J. EXPRESSION OF E-CADHERIN AND WNT PATHWAY PROTEINS BETACATENIN, APC, TCF-4 AND SURVIVIN IN GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA: CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL IMPLICATION. ABCD-ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA 2017; 29:227-231. [PMID: 28076475 PMCID: PMC5225860 DOI: 10.1590/0102-6720201600040004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer is the fifth most frequent cancer and the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.It has been reported that Wnt/ betacatenin pathway is activated in 30-50% of these tumors. However,the deregulation of this pathway has not been fully elucidated. Aim To determine the expression of E-cadherin, betacatenin, APC, TCF-4 and survivin proteins in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and correlate with clinical and pathological parameters. Method Seventy-one patients with gastric adenocarcinoma undergoing gastrectomy were enrolled. The expression of E-cadherin, betacatenin, APC, TCF-4 and survivin proteins was detected by immunohistochemistryand related to the clinical and pathological parameters. Results The expression rates of E-cadherin in the membrane was 3%; betacatenin in the cytoplasm and nucleus were 23,4% and 3,1% respectively; APC in the cytoplasm was 94,6%; TCF-4 in the nucleus was 19,4%; and survivin in the nucleus 93,9%. The expression rate of E-cadherin was correlated with older patients (p=0,007), while betacatenin with tumors <5 cm (p=0,041) and APC with proximal tumors (p=0,047). Moreover, the expression of TCF-4 was significantly higher in the diffuse type (p=0,017) and T4 tumors (p=0,002). Conclusion The Wnt/betacatenin is not involved in gastric carcinogenesis. However, the high frequency of survivin allows to suggest that other signaling pathways must be involved in the transformation of gastric tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Rego Lins
- Postgraduate Program in Interdisciplinary Surgical Science, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP; Brazil
| | | | - Levindo Alves de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Interdisciplinary Surgical Science, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP; Brazil
| | | | | | - Jaques Waisberg
- Postgraduate Program in Interdisciplinary Surgical Science, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP; Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hu Q, Yi P. Gastric cancer associated signaling pathways and interventions. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:576-583. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i7.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in China, and main traditional treatments are surgery and chemotherapy. However, since the majority of cases of gastric cancer are diagnosed in the late stage, the best chance of operation has been missed. What's more, some cases are not sensitive to chemotherapy. Therefore, the management of metastasis and spread of gastric cancer is a big challenge. With the development of medical molecular biology, more and more signaling pathways have been elucidated. Blocking these signaling pathways may reverse cancer occurrence and development, improve the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy, and prevent cancer cell metastasis. This article reviews the signaling pathways closely related to gastric cancer, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway, AMPK pathway, NF-kappa B-COX-2 pathway and HNF4a-Wnt pathway, with an aim to provide new clues to the clinical treatment of this malignancy.
Collapse
|
50
|
Jin M, Long ZW, Yang J, Lin X. Correlations of IGF-1R and COX-2 Expressions with Ras and BRAF Genetic Mutations, Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 24:45-57. [PMID: 28188432 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This case-control study aims to investigate the correlations of insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expressions with Ras and BRAF genetic mutations, clinicopathological features and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. A total of 213 CRC patients (case group) and 200 healthy individuals (control group) were selected from our hospital. Ras (K-Ras/N-Ras) and BRAF genetic mutations were detected by direct sequencing. The positive expression rates of IGF-IR and COX-2 in CRC and normal tissues were detected using immunohistochemistry. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were applied to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of IGF-IR and COX-2 in CRC tissues and normal tissues. Total mutation rate of N-Ras, BRAF and K-Ras in case group were 5.2%, 12.2% and 47.4%, respectively. The expressions of IGF-IR and COX-2 were higher in CRC tissues with Ras and BRAF mutations than in those without. CRC tissues with Ras mutation showed higher COX-2 expression than those with BRAF mutation. IGF-IR and COX-2 expressions were correlated to infiltration degree, lymphatic metastasis (in CRC tissues with and without Ras and BRAF mutations), and Dukes stages (only in CRC tissues with Ras and BRAF mutations). CRC patients with negative expressions of IGF-IR and COX-2 had significantly higher accumulative survival rate and longer mean survival duration than those with positive expressions of IGF-IR and COX-2. These findings indicate that IGF-1R and COX-2 expressions may be associated with Ras and BRAF genetic mutations, clinicopathological feature and prognosis of CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jin
- Department of Surgery, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, Tibet, 85700, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Wen Long
- Department of Gastric Cancer Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Surgery, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, Tibet, 85700, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Department of Surgery, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, Tibet, 85700, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|