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Kilic G, Kilic GE, Özkahraman A, Konur S, Dertli R, Kayar Y. Amoxicillin, gemifloxacin and rabeprazole, as first-line Helicobacter pylori therapy in clinical practice: A pilot study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38012. [PMID: 38701320 PMCID: PMC11062647 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Success in eradication of H. pylori is decreasing due to increasing resistant strains. In particular, side-effects due to 4-agent treatment multiple drug use are observed and treatment compliance decreases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, reliability, and side-effect profile of the combination of amoxicillin and rabeprazole with gemifloxacin, which is a new generation quinolone, in the treatment of H. pylori infection. This study was conducted on 71 naive patients who received H. pylori eradication. All the patients were administered treatment of Amoxicillin (1000 mg twice a day) + Gemifloxacin (320 mg once a day) + rabeprazole (20 mg twice a day) for 7 days. Drug compliance and treatment tolerance were evaluated after finishing the treatment. At 1 month after the end of the treatment, H. pylori eradication was evaluated in all the patients by examining H. pylori antigen in the feces. In the evaluation after treatment, H. pylori eradication was obtained in 63 (88.7%) patients and eradication was not obtained in 8 (11.3%) patients. The treatment was not completed by 2 patients because of side-effects and noncompliance, so after exclusion of these 2 patients, successful H. pylori eradication was obtained in 63 (91.3%) of 69 patients who completed the treatment. Side-effects were seen in a total of 9 (12.7%) patients. Diarrhea, bloating, abdominal pain, and nausea-vomiting were seen in some patients, but no reflux, constipation, skin rash, listlessness-fatigue, headache, dizziness, palpitations, dry mouth, or weight loss was seen in any patient. In regions with high resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole in particular, the combination of gemifloxacin with amoxicillin and rabeprazole can be considered for use in first-stage treatment as both the efficacy and tolerability are high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guner Kilic
- Van Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Van, Turkey
| | - Gulce Ecem Kilic
- Van Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Van, Turkey
| | - Adnan Özkahraman
- Van Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Van, Turkey
| | - Sevki Konur
- Van Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Van, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Dertli
- Van Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Van, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Kayar
- Van Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Van, Turkey
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Spagnuolo R, Scarlata GGM, Paravati MR, Abenavoli L, Luzza F. Change in Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection in the Treatment-Failure Era. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:357. [PMID: 38667033 PMCID: PMC11047737 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a prevalent global health issue, associated with several gastrointestinal disorders, including gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. The landscape of H. pylori treatment has evolved over the years, with increasing challenges due to antibiotic resistance and treatment failure. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as the urea breath test, stool antigen test, and endoscopy with biopsy, are commonly used in clinical practice. However, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains has led to a decline in treatment efficacy, necessitating a re-evaluation of common diagnostic tools. This narrative review aims to explore the possible changes in the diagnostic approach of H. pylori infection in the era of treatment failure. Molecular techniques, including polymerase chain reaction and whole genome sequencing, which have high sensitivity and specificity, allow the detection of genes associated with antibiotic resistance. On the other hand, culture isolation and a phenotypic antibiogram could be used in the diagnostic routine, although H. pylori is a fastidious bacterium. However, new molecular approaches are promising tools for detecting the pathogen and its resistance genes. In this regard, more real-life studies are needed to reveal new diagnostic tools suitable for identifying multidrug-resistant H. pylori strains and for outlining proper treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.S.); (G.G.M.S.); (M.R.P.); (L.A.)
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Ali A, AlHussaini KI. Helicobacter pylori: A Contemporary Perspective on Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies. Microorganisms 2024; 12:222. [PMID: 38276207 PMCID: PMC10818838 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the gastric mucosa and is associated with various gastrointestinal disorders. H. pylori is a pervasive pathogen, infecting nearly 50% of the world's population, and presents a substantial concern due to its link with gastric cancer, ranking as the third most common cause of global cancer-related mortality. This review article provides an updated and comprehensive overview of the current understanding of H. pylori infection, focusing on its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. The intricate mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis, including the virulence factors and host interactions, are discussed in detail. The diagnostic methods, ranging from the traditional techniques to the advanced molecular approaches, are explored, highlighting their strengths and limitations. The evolving landscape of treatment strategies, including antibiotic regimens and emerging therapeutic approaches, is thoroughly examined. Through a critical synthesis of the recent research findings, this article offers valuable insights into the contemporary knowledge of Helicobacter pylori infection, guiding both clinicians and researchers toward effective management and future directions in combating this global health challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ali
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Khalid I. AlHussaini
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 4233-13317, Saudi Arabia
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Chong E, Kang M, Choi H, Yun SA, Yu HJ, Kim TY, Huh HJ, Lee NY. Comparison of the STANDARD F and SD BIOLINE stool antigen tests for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 107:116051. [PMID: 37708643 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We compared the performance of the STANDARD F and SD BIOLINE stool antigen tests in 335 patients. The performance of STANDARD F (sensitivity: 95.6%; specificity: 94%) was highly comparable to that of SD BIOLINE (sensitivity: 92.6%; specificity: 93.5%), suggesting that STANDARD F is useful for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbin Chong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minhee Kang
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Smart Healthcare Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunseul Choi
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Smart Healthcare Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Ae Yun
- Center for Clinical Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hui-Jin Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Yeul Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hee Jae Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam Yong Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Izhari MA, Al Mutawa OA, Mahzari A, Alotaibi EA, Almashary MA, Alshahrani JA, Gosady ARA, Almutairi AM, Dardari DMM, AlGarni AKA. Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) Infection-Associated Dyslipidemia in the Asir Region of Saudi Arabia. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2206. [PMID: 38004346 PMCID: PMC10672336 DOI: 10.3390/life13112206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES H. pylori-associated dyslipidemia has been reported to be a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases. We aimed to investigate the association of the H. pylori infection with dyslipidemia. METHODS A retrospective case-control study was undertaken to evaluate H. pylori-associated dyslipidemia, where H. pylori-positive individuals were treated as the case group (n = 260) while H. pylori-negative individuals were considered as the control group (n = 250). The mean ± SD of the age of the patients included (n = 510) was 44.01 ± 13.58 years. Study subjects with a total cholesterol level of >5.17 mmol/L and/or a triglyceride level of >1.69 mmol/L and/or an LDL-C level of >2.59 mmol/L and/or an HDL-C level of <1 mmol/L in males and/or an HDL-C level of <1.3 mmol/L in females were defined as dyslipidemia. Descriptive (mean, standard deviation, median, and IQR) and inferential (t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression) statistical analyses were undertaken using the R-base/R-studio (v-4.0.2)/tidyverse package. Univariate and bivariate logistic regressions were executed to calculate the crude and adjusted odds ratio along with the p-value. A p-value of <0.05 was the cut-off for statistical significance. We used ggplot2 for data visualization. RESULTS The differences in overall mean ± SD (H. pylori positive vs. negative) of the cholesterol (5.22 ± 1.0 vs. 5.49 ± 0.85, p < 0.01), triglyceride (1.66 ± 0.75 vs. 1.29 ± 0.71, p < 0.001), LDL-C (3.43 ± 0.74 vs. 3.26 ± 0.81, p < 0.05), and HDL-C (1.15 ± 0.30 vs. 1.30 ± 0.25, p < 0.001) levels were statistically significant. The cholesterol and LDL-C levels in ages >60, age = 30-60, in females, and LDL-C levels in males were not significantly different for the H. pylori-positive and -negative groups. The proportion (H. pylori positive vs. negative) of hypercholesterolemia (190/59.9% vs. 127/40% p < 0.01), hypertriglyceridemia (136/68% vs. 64/32% p < 0.001), high LDL-cholesterolemia levels (234/53% vs. 201/46% p < 0.01), and low HDL-cholesterolemia levels (149/71% vs. 60/28.7% p < 0.01) were statistically significant. The odds of having hypercholesterolemia (AOR: 2.64, 95%CI: 1.824-3.848, p < 0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (AOR: 3.24, 95%CI: 2.227-4.757, p < 0.001), an increased LDL-C level (AOR: 2.174, 95%CI: 1.309-3.684, p < 0.01), and a decreased HDL-C level (AOR: 4.2, 95%CI: 2.937-6.321, p < 0.001) were 2.64, 3.24, 2.17, and 4.2 times higher in the H. pylori-infected individuals as compared with the H. pylori-uninfected group. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that an enhanced risk of dyslipidemia is associated with the H. pylori infection, which can aggrandize the atherosclerosis process. The evaluation of temporal variation in the lipid profile in H. pylori-infected individuals is recommended for the effective management of H. pylori-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asrar Izhari
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al Baha 65522, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A. Al Mutawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al Baha 65522, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Mahzari
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al Baha 65522, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essa Ajmi Alotaibi
- Department of Dermatology, Al-Kharj Military Hospital, Al-Kharj 11361, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maher A. Almashary
- Medical Services Department, Armed Forces Medical Services, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaber Abdullah Alshahrani
- Department of Medical Training and Education, Armed Forces Hospital Southern Region, Khamis Mushait 62413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed R. A. Gosady
- Laboratory Department, Baish Primary Healthcare, Jazan 87311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M Almutairi
- Health facilities Infection Control Department, General Directorate of Health, Al-Baha 11134, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdul Kareem A. AlGarni
- Department of Hematology, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Al-Ahsa 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Sun Q, Yuan C, Zhou S, Lu J, Zeng M, Cai X, Song H. Helicobacter pylori infection: a dynamic process from diagnosis to treatment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1257817. [PMID: 37928189 PMCID: PMC10621068 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1257817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative microaerophilic pathogen, causes several upper gastrointestinal diseases, such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. For the diseases listed above, H. pylori has different pathogenic mechanisms, including colonization and virulence factor expression. It is essential to make accurate diagnoses and provide patients with effective treatment to achieve positive clinical outcomes. Detection of H. pylori can be accomplished invasively and noninvasively, with both having advantages and limitations. To enhance therapeutic outcomes, novel therapeutic regimens, as well as adjunctive therapies with probiotics and traditional Chinese medicine, have been attempted along with traditional empiric treatments, such as triple and bismuth quadruple therapies. An H. pylori infection, however, is difficult to eradicate during treatment owing to bacterial resistance, and there is no commonly available preventive vaccine. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of our understanding of H. pylori infections and to highlight current treatment and diagnostic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifang Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengzhi Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sainan Zhou
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meiyan Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiong Cai
- School of International Education, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Houpan Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Helicobacter pylori Infection: Current Status and Future Prospects on Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Control Challenges. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020191. [PMID: 36830102 PMCID: PMC9952126 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, which affects approximately half of the world's population, remains a serious public health problem. As H. pylori infection leads to a number of gastric pathologies, including inflammation, gastroduodenal ulcers, and malignancies, early detection and treatment are crucial to preventing the spread of the infection. Multiple extragastric complications, such as iron deficiency anaemia, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, vitamin B12 deficiency, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and certain neurological disorders, have also been linked to H. pylori infection. An awareness of H. pylori and associated health hazards is necessary to minimize or even eradicate the infection. Therefore, there is an urgent need to raise the standards for the currently employed diagnostic, eradication, alternative treatment strategies. In addition, a brief overview of traditional and cutting-edge approaches that have proven effective in identifying and managing H. pylori is needed. Based on the test and laboratory equipment available and patient clinical characteristics, the optimal diagnostic approach requires weighing several factors. The pathophysiology and pathogenic mechanisms of H. pylori should also be studied, focusing more on the infection-causing virulence factors of this bacterium. Accordingly, this review aims to demonstrate the various diagnostic, pathophysiological, therapeutic, and eradication tactics available for H. pylori, emphasizing both their advantages and disadvantages. Invasive methods (such as quick urease testing, biopsy, or culture) or noninvasive methods (such as breath tests, stool investigations, or serological tests) can be used. We also present the most recent worldwide recommendations along with scientific evidence for treating H. pylori. In addition to the current antibiotic regimens, alternative therapies may also be considered. It is imperative to eradicate the infections caused by H. pylori as soon as possible to prevent problems and the development of stomach cancer. In conclusion, significant advances have been made in identifying and treating H. pylori. To improve eradication rates, peptide mass fingerprinting can be used as a diagnostic tool, and vaccines can also eliminate the infection.
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Chen Q, Yang W, Gong W, Chen X, Zhu Z, Chen H. Advanced Sensing Strategies Based on Different Types of Biomarkers toward Early Diagnosis of H. pylori. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-13. [PMID: 36598423 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2163585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium that can colonize human gastric epithelial cells and cause H. pylori infection, closely related to many gastric diseases. Compared with conventional H. pylori detection methods, emerging diagnostic approaches (such as biosensors) have become potentially more effective alternatives due to their high sensitivity, good selectivity and noninvasiveness. This review begins with a brief overview of H. pylori infection, the processes that lead to diseases, and current diagnostic methods. Subsequently, advanced biosensors in different target-based for diagnosing H. pylori infection are focused, including the detection of H. pylori-related nucleic acid, H. pylori-related protein (such as the cytotoxin, urease), and intact H. pylori. In addition, prospects for the development of H. pylori detection methods are also discussed in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wenyi Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weihua Gong
- Department of Oncology, Chongming Branch of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zhongzheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hongxia Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China
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The Importance of Accurate Early Diagnosis and Eradication in Helicobacter pylori Infection: Pictorial Summary Review in Children and Adults. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010060. [PMID: 36671261 PMCID: PMC9854763 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the most widespread childhood infections, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) develops potentially life-threatening conditions in adults if not appropriately treated. Helicobacter pylori is a common human pathogen that was first described in the stomach many years ago. The discovery of H. pylori was crucial in gastroenterology; this bacterium is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and lymphoid tissue lymphoma related to the gastric mucosa. Studies published so far estimate that approximately 10% of subjects infected with H. pylori develop a peptic ulcer, and 1-3% of subjects develop gastric cancer. The clinical manifestations are variable and characteristically depend on the individual factors of the host. Various methods of detection and diagnosis of H. pylori infection have been developed, each with advantages, disadvantages, and/or limitations. Available diagnostic tests are usually performed using invasive (endoscopy, biopsy, rapid urease test, cultures, and molecular tests) and noninvasive methods (urea breath test, stool antigen examination, and serological and molecular tests). Although there is extensive accessibility for diagnosing and treating H. pylori infection, the prevalence of antibiotic resistance is not negligible. Thus, numerous studies and meta-analyses are focused on a new orientation of gastroenterologists in diagnosing and treating H. pylori infections. A fascinating perspective hypothesis is the administration of probiotics to reduce H. pylori adhesion to gastric epithelial cells, preventing H. pylori colonization, especially in children, or reinfection with H. pylori in high-risk adult patients.
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Micronutrients deficiencies and its correlation with the soil-transmitted helminthic infections among children and non-pregnant women in Nepal: findings from Nepal national micronutrient status survey. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22313. [PMID: 36566272 PMCID: PMC9789997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite having a high risk of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) infection, no national level study has been conducted to assess incidence and correlates of STHs in Nepal. Thus, we hypothesized that micronutrients and social status are linked with incidence of STHs infection among 6-59 months children and 15-49 years non-pregnant women in Nepal and Kato-Katz technique was adopted to measure the type and intensity of STHs infections using fresh stool specimens and venous blood was used to examine micronutrients biomarkers. Anthropometric measurements such as height and weight, sociodemographic and health status were determined using structured questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to assess unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and the 95% CIs of ORs. The bivariate association of STHs was assessed with the covariates variables. Overall, 12% children and 19% non-pregnant women had STHs infection; A. lumbricoides was the predominant helminth in both study participants. In multivariate model; age, ethnicity, anaemia and zinc deficiency were associated with STHs infections in children. Similarly, higher odds of STHs occurrence was observed among non-pregnant women with vitamin A deficiency. Findings from this study suggest that high-risk population, with a focus on those of lower socioeconomic status should be on priority of deworming program, nutrition intervention, and mass administration of preventive chemotherapy and sanitation champions supplement to reduce the STHs infections in Nepal.
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Lee YJ, Ssekalo I, Kazungu R, Blackwell TS, Muwereza P, Wu Y, Sáenz JB. Community prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and dyspepsia and efficacy of triple therapy in a rural district of eastern Uganda. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12612. [PMID: 36593846 PMCID: PMC9803786 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and chronic dyspepsia represent significant medical burdens in the developing world. An accurate assessment of the prevalence of chronic dyspepsia, as well as of the effectiveness of population-based screening and eradication of H. pylori are warranted. Objectives We determined the prevalence of H. pylori and chronic dyspepsia within the general adult population in a region of eastern Uganda. Independent predictors of H. pylori infection were assessed. Finally, we evaluated the efficacy of standard triple therapy on H. pylori eradication. Methods Of 400 randomly selected adult residents in eastern Uganda, 376 were administered a validated, chronic dyspepsia questionnaire and provided a stool sample for H. pylori testing. H. pylori-positive participants were given standard triple therapy and monitored for medication adherence. The efficacy of triple therapy on H. pylori eradication was determined by fecal antigen testing after treatment. Log-linear and logistic regression analyses identified predictors of H. pylori positivity and eradication failure. Results H. pylori prevalence within the study population was 48%. The prevalence of chronic dyspepsia was 87%. The presence or severity of dyspepsia did not predict H. pylori infection. However, a higher level of education was an independent predictor of H. pylori infection. Standard triple therapy resulted in ∼90% eradication. Missing at least four doses of any of the triple therapy medications over the 14-day course predicted eradication failure. Conclusions In our study population, chronic dyspepsia did not predict H. pylori infection, though clinical suspicion for this prevalent pathogen should nonetheless remain high. Population-based screening and adherence to triple therapy are effective at eradicating H. pylori within this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jae Lee
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,Empower Through Health, USA
| | - Ibrahim Ssekalo
- University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Empower Through Health, USA,University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Yuefeng Wu
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - José B. Sáenz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA,Corresponding author.
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12
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Study of Serum Ferritin, Zinc, and Copper Levels in Children With Helicobacter pylori Gastritis and the Effect of the Treatment. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 75:e88-e93. [PMID: 35929980 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess serum iron, zinc, and copper in symptomatic children with Helicobacter pylori infection, to correlate their serum levels with the degree of gastritis, and to evaluate the effect of H. pylori treatment on their levels. METHODS This study was carried out on 70 children with upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms. H. pylori infection was diagnosed by the H. pylori antigen test in the stool and histopathologic findings during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Patients were divided into 2 groups; H. pylori -positive and H. pylori -negative groups. Hemoglobin, serum ferritin, transferrin (sTfR), zinc, and copper were assessed in all included children. RESULTS The hemoglobin level, serum ferritin, and zinc were significantly lower in H. pylori -positive patients compared to H. pylori -negative patients. However, the serum copper level was comparable between the 2 groups. After treatment, the hemoglobin level, serum ferritin, and serum zinc significantly increased in H. pylori -positive patients, especially in those who responded to treatment compared to their levels before treatment. There was a significant negative correlation between the severity of histopathologic abnormalities and hemoglobin level, serum ferritin, and zinc levels, but a significant positive relation with sTfR concentrations in H. pylori -positive patients. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori -infected children had low serum ferritin and zinc levels but high sTfR level with no effect on serum copper levels. After treatment, hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and zinc levels significantly improved in H. pylori -positive patients. Gastric histologic findings correlated significantly with hemoglobin, serum ferritin, zinc, and sTfR levels.
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Chiang TH, Cheng HC, Chuang SL, Chen YR, Hsu YH, Hsu TH, Lin LJ, Lin YW, Chu CH, Wu MS, Lee YC. Mass screening and eradication of Helicobacter pylori as the policy recommendations for gastric cancer prevention. J Formos Med Assoc 2022; 121:2378-2392. [PMID: 36085264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is an inflammation-related cancer triggered by Helicobacter pylori infection. Understanding of the natural disease course has prompted the hypothesis that gastric cancer can be prevented by administering a short-course antibiotic treatment to eradicate the H. pylori infection and interrupt this carcinogenic cascade. Results from randomized controlled trials and cohort studies have repeatedly confirmed this concept, which has moved attention from individual management of H. pylori infection to population-wide implementation of screening programs. Such a paradigm shift follows a three-tier architecture. First, healthcare policy-makers determine the most feasible and applicable eligibility, invitation, testing, referral, treatment, and evaluation methods for an organized screening program to maximize the population benefits and cost-effectiveness. Second, provision of knowledge and effective feedback to frontline general practitioners, including choice of diagnostic tests, selection of eradication regimens, and the indication of endoscopic examination, ensures the quality of care and increases the likelihood of desired treatment responses. Third, initiatives to raise population awareness are designed regarding the impact of H. pylori infection and risky lifestyle habits on the stomach health. These programs, with increased accessibility and geographic coverage in progress, will accelerate the decline in morbidity, mortality, and associated costs of this preventable malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chi Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Lin Chuang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Hsu
- Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Hsia Hsu
- Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ju Lin
- Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Lin
- Public Health Bureau, Taitung County, Taiwan
| | | | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Demiryas S, Orhan A. Advancements in Gastrointestinal System Biomarkers. Biomark Med 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815040463122010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The requirement for diagnostic surgical operations of gastrointestinal system
diseases significantly decreases with the help of proper diagnostic tools. These
modalities are also beneficial for identifying postoperative complications, allowing us
to diagnose them in earlier stages, and increasing the postoperative survival rates.
Biomarkers are considered an integral part of diagnostic examinations. Developments
of biomarkers used for diagnosing and treating abdominal diseases are essential for
improving our capabilities in non-invasive monitoring. In this chapter, we review both
the novel and the routine biomarkers in the diagnosis and follow-up of gastrointestinal
system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Demiryas
- Department of General Surgery, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, IIstanbul University –
Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Anıl Orhan
- Department of General Surgery, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, University of Health
Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Shatila M, Thomas AS. Current and Future Perspectives in the Diagnosis and Management of Helicobacter pylori Infection. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175086. [PMID: 36079015 PMCID: PMC9456682 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a prevalent organism infecting almost half the global population. It is a significant concern, given its associated risk of gastric cancer, which is the third leading cause of cancer death globally. Infection can be asymptomatic or present with dyspeptic symptoms. It may also present with alarm symptoms in the case of progression to cancer. Diagnosis can be achieved non-invasively (breath tests, stool studies, or serology) or invasively (rapid urease test, biopsy, or culture). Treatment involves acid suppression and regimens containing several antibiotics and is guided by resistance rates. Eradication is essential, as it lowers the risk of complications and progression to cancer. Follow-up after eradication is similarly important, as the risk of cancer progression remains. There have been many recent advances in both diagnosis and treatment of Hp. In particular, biosensors may be effective diagnostic tools, and nanotechnology, vaccines, and potassium-competitive acid blockers may prove effective in enhancing eradication rates.
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Evaluation of a New Monoclonal Chemiluminescent Immunoassay Stool Antigen Test for the Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Spanish Multicentre Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175077. [PMID: 36079007 PMCID: PMC9457298 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The stool antigen test (SAT) represents an attractive alternative for detection of Helicobacter pylori. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of a new SAT, the automated LIAISON® Meridian H. pylori SA based on monoclonal antibodies, compared to the defined gold standard 13C-urea breath test (UBT). This prospective multicentre study (nine Spanish centres) enrolled patients ≥18 years of age with clinical indication to perform UBT for the initial diagnosis and for confirmation of bacterial eradication. Two UBT methods were used: mass spectrometry (MS) including citric acid (CA) or infrared spectrophotometry (IRS) without CA. Overall, 307 patients (145 naïve, 162 with confirmation of eradication) were analysed. Using recommended cut-off values (negative SAT < 0.90, positive ≥ 1.10) the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were 67%, 97%, 86%, 92% and 91%, respectively, obtaining an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.85. Twenty-eight patients, including seven false positives and 21 false negatives, presented a discordant result between SAT and UBT. Among the 21 false negatives, four of six tested with MS and 11 of 15 tested with IRS presented a borderline UBT delta value. In 25 discordant samples, PCR targeting H. pylori DNA was performed to re-assess positivity and SAT accuracy was re-analysed: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy and AUC were 94%, 97%, 86%, 99%, 97% and 0.96, respectively. The new LIAISON® Meridian H. pylori SA SAT showed a good accuracy for diagnosis of H. pylori infection.
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Fei Y, Fang R, Xiao L, Zhang Y, Fan K, Jiang Y, Lei S, Xu R, Yang D, Ye Y, Xiang S, Wang P, Zhou C, Tang T. The development of a colorimetric biosensing assay for the detection of Helicobacter pylori in feces. Anal Biochem 2022; 651:114737. [PMID: 35595119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
As Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is closely related to the occurrence of gastric diseases such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer, early detection of H. pylori is an urgent need. In this study, oligonucleotide probes conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used in combination with H. pylori-specific aptamers for the rapid detection of H. pylori in stool samples, which converted the method of detection from proteins to nucleic acids. Therefore, qualitative detection of H. pylori can be achieved by observing color changes through the aggregation (red to purple) or deaggregation (purple to red) of AuNPs, and further quantitative detection can be achieved through UV spectrometry. The detection limit of the colorimetric biosensing method is 25 CFU/mL (S/N = 3), which is favorably comparable to other reported detection methods. Compared with the existing detection methods for H. pylori, this colorimetric biosensing method has no limitations to the test subjects. All these features render the colorimetric biosensing assay a promising method for the clinical field detection of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fei
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Rong Fang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lina Xiao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China; West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ke Fan
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yundi Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Silu Lei
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Rui Xu
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Dailan Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China; West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yan Ye
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China; West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shibing Xiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China; West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ping Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China; West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chen Zhou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Tian Tang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China; West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
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18
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Sharif Z, Mubashir M, Naqvi M, Atique H, Mahmood S, Ullah M. Randomized Clinical Trial on the Efficacy of Triple Therapy Versus Sequential Therapy in Helicobacter pylori Eradication. Cureus 2022; 14:e24897. [PMID: 35706754 PMCID: PMC9187159 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonization is prevalent all over the world, and it is associated with low socioeconomic status, poor hygiene, and overcrowding. Its eradication is important since it is an etiologic agent for gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric carcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Different regimens are available for the eradication of H. pylori and include triple therapy and sequential therapy. Our study aims to compare the efficacy of triple therapy versus sequential therapy in the eradication of H. pylori. Material and methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Islamabad, from September 2016 to September 2017 after the approval of the institutional review board. A total of 160 patients were enrolled and equally divided into two, group A and group B. A twice-daily dose of amoxicillin 1,000 mg, rabeprazole 20 mg, and clarithromycin 500 mg was given to group A for 10 days, while group B was initially given rabeprazole 20 mg and amoxicillin 1,000 mg two times daily for the first five days (i.e., induction phase), followed by triple therapy that included rabeprazole 20 mg, clarithromycin 500 mg, and metronidazole/tinidazole 500 mg twice daily for the next five days. A negative stool antigen test performed four weeks after the completion of therapy was considered an effective eradication. A proforma was used to collect data that included age, gender, city or province of residence, family income, group (group A or group B), and eradication efficacy. Analysis of the data was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). Results: A total of 160 patients were included, with mean age and standard deviation of 40.02±24.4 years. The male/female ratio was 1.8:1. Successful eradication of H. pylori achieved in group A was 67.5% (N=54) in comparison to group B, which was 95% (N=76) (p=0.001). Conclusion: Sequential therapy was superior to triple therapy in H. pylori eradication.
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Evolution of Diagnostic Methods for Helicobacter pylori Infections: From Traditional Tests to High Technology, Advanced Sensitivity and Discrimination Tools. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020508. [PMID: 35204598 PMCID: PMC8871415 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid diagnosis and treatment application in the early stages of H. pylori infection plays an important part in inhibiting the transmission of this infection as this bacterium is involved in various gastric pathologies such as gastritis, gastro-duodenal ulcer, and even gastric neoplasia. This review is devoted to a quick overview of conventional and advanced detection techniques successfully applied to the detection of H. pylori in the context of a compelling need to upgrade the standards of the diagnostic methods which are currently being used. Selecting the best diagnostic method implies evaluating different features, the use of one or another test depending on accessibility, laboratories equipment, and the clinical conditions of patients. This paper aims to expose the diagnosis methods for H. pylori that are currently available, highlighting their assets and limitations. The perspectives and the advantages of nanotechnology along with the concept of nano(bio)sensors and the development of lab-on-chip devices as advanced tools for H. pylori detection, differentiation, and discrimination is also presented, by emphasizing multiple advantages: simple, fast, cost-effective, portable, miniaturized, small volume of samples required, highly sensitive, and selective. It is generally accepted that the development of intelligent sensors will completely revolutionize the acquisition procedure and medical decision in the framework of smart healthcare monitoring systems.
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20
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Qiu E, Li Z, Han S. Methods for detection of Helicobacter pylori from stool sample: current options and developments. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:2057-2062. [PMID: 34392499 PMCID: PMC8578210 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate detection of Helicobacter pylori infection and determination of antibiotics have significant meaning in clinical practice. The detection methods can be categorized into two types, invasive and non-invasive, but nowadays we use the urease breath test most frequently which is non-invasive. However, many developing countries cannot meet the requirements for having specialized equipment and they lack trained personnel. Also, for the children, it is difficult to make them cooperate for the test. Methods that detect Helicobacter pylori from stool sample can be a promising alternative for detection used in children and mass screening. Stool antigen tests have several advantages such as rapidity, simplicity, and cheapness, though their results may be influenced by the heterogenicity of antigens, the nature of biochemical techniques, and the amount of antigen presented in the stool. PCR-based methods can specifically detect Helicobacter pylori infection and antibiotic resistance by targeting specific gene sequence, but they also are limited by the requirements of facilities and experts, the existence of inhibitory substance, and interference from the dead bacteria. Some novel methods also deserve our attention. Here we summarized the results of researches about methods using stool sample and we hope our work can help clinicians choose the appropriate test in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enming Qiu
- General Surgery Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, No.253. Gongye Middle Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Zhou Li
- General Surgery Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, No.253. Gongye Middle Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China.
| | - Shuai Han
- General Surgery Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, No.253. Gongye Middle Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China.
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21
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Obaid JMAS, Ayoon ANN, Almurisy ONM, Alshuaibi SMS, Alkhawlani NN. Evaluation of antibody immunochromatography testing for diagnosis of current Helicobacter pylori infection. Pract Lab Med 2021; 26:e00245. [PMID: 34386566 PMCID: PMC8342780 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2021.e00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori infection represents a major gastrointestinal complaint associated with gastritis, gastric ulcer and stomach tumors. It is present in 90 % of developing countries population. H. pylori diagnosis in these countries, where resources are limited, is accomplished with simple non-invasive tests such as stool antigen and serum antibody tests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum antibody test in the diagnosis of current H. pylori infection. Subject and methods A total of 117 patients were included in this prospective diagnosis accuracy testing study, who clinically presented with dyspepsia, heartburn, abdominal pain, diarrhea, or halitosis. A stool sample was collected from each patient and tested for H. pylori antigen using immunochromatographic method.Blood sample was also collected, half of which was EDTA-sampled and analyzed for complete blood count, while the remaining half was left to clot, the separated serum was tested for antibodies against H. pylori with immunochromatographic cassette. Results About 35 % of sixty six patients who were positive for stool antigen test gave a negative for serum antibodies test. Meanwhile, the non-consistent results within 51 negative stool antigen test patients was exhibited by 47 % of them. The discrepancies were not affected by age or disease duration. The calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values were 50 %, 65 %, 65 % and 50 % respectively. Conclusion The serum antibody test is not reliable in the diagnosis of current H. pylori infection. In developing countries, with limited facilities and primary care units, stool antigen test diagnosis is useful for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil M A S Obaid
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Dept., Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ibb University, Yemen.,Medical Microbiology Dept., Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Yemen
| | - Ayoob N N Ayoon
- Medical Microbiology Dept., Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Yemen
| | - Omar N M Almurisy
- Medical Microbiology Dept., Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Yemen
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22
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Yang H, Hu B. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Recent Advances. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081305. [PMID: 34441240 PMCID: PMC8391489 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infects approximately 50% of the world population. Its infection is associated with gastropathies, extra-gastric digestive diseases, and diseases of other systems. There is a canonical process from acute-on-chronic inflammation, chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), dysplasia, and intraepithelial neoplasia, eventually to gastric cancer (GC). H. pylori eradication abolishes the inflammatory response and early treatment prevents the progression to preneoplastic lesions. METHODS the test-and-treat strategy, endoscopy-based strategy, and screen-and-treat strategy are recommended to prevent GC based on risk stratification, prevalence, and patients' clinical manifestations and conditions. Challenges contain false-negative results, increasing antibiotic resistance, decreasing eradication rate, and poor retesting rate. Present diagnosis methods are mainly based on invasive endoscopy and noninvasive laboratory testing. RESULTS to improve the accuracy and effectiveness and reduce the missed diagnosis, some advances were achieved including newer imaging techniques (such as image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE), artificial intelligence (AI) technology, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and digital PCR (dPCR). CONCLUSION in the article, we summarized the diagnosis methods of H. pylori infection and recent advances, further finding out the opportunities in challenges.
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Pritchard DM, Bornschein J, Beales I, Beresniak A, Salhi H, Malfertheiner P. Cost-effectiveness modelling of use of urea breath test for the management of Helicobacter pylori-related dyspepsia and peptic ulcer in the UK. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2021; 8:bmjgast-2021-000685. [PMID: 34244244 PMCID: PMC8268888 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2021-000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Clinical data comparing diagnostic strategies in the management of Helicobacter pylori-associated diseases are limited. Invasive and noninvasive diagnostic tests for detecting H. pylori infection are used in the clinical care of patients with dyspeptic symptoms. Modelling studies might help to identify the most cost-effective strategies. The objective of the study is to assess the cost-effectiveness of a ‘test-and-treat’ strategy with the urea breath test (UBT) compared with other strategies, in managing patients with H. pylori-associated dyspepsia and preventing peptic ulcer in the UK. Design Cost-effectiveness models compared four strategies: ‘test-and-treat’ with either UBT or faecal antigen test (FAT), ‘endoscopy-based strategy’ and ‘symptomatic treatment’. A probabilistic cost-effectiveness analysis was performed using a simulation model in order to identify probabilities and costs associated with relief of dyspepsia symptoms (over a 4-week time horizon) and with prevention of peptic ulcers (over a 10-year time horizon). Clinical and cost inputs to the model were derived from routine medical practice in the UK. Results For relief of dyspepsia symptoms, ‘test-and-treat’ strategies with either UBT (€526/success) and FAT (€518/success) were the most cost-effective strategies compared with ‘endoscopy-based strategy’ (€1317/success) and ‘symptomatic treatment’ (€1 029/success). For the prevention of peptic ulcers, ‘test-and-treat’ strategies with either UBT (€208/ulcer avoided/year) or FAT (€191/ulcer avoided/year) were the most cost-effective strategies compared with ‘endoscopy-based strategy’ (€717/ulcer avoided/year) and ‘symptomatic treatment’ (€651/ulcer avoided/year) (1 EUR=0,871487 GBP at the time of the study). Conclusion ‘Test-and-treat’ strategies with either UBT or FAT are the most cost-effective medical approaches for the management of H. pylori-associated dyspepsia and the prevention of peptic ulcer in the UK. A ‘test-and-treat’ strategy with UBT has comparable cost-effectiveness outcomes to the current standard of care using FAT in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mark Pritchard
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jan Bornschein
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Ian Beales
- Department of Gastroenterology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Ariel Beresniak
- Department of Research & Development, Data Mining International, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hocine Salhi
- Department of Medical Affairs, Mayoly Spindler Laboratories, Chatou, France
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
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Mehata S, Parajuli KR, Pant ND, Rayamajhee B, Yadav UN, Mehta RK, Jha P, Mehta N, Dhimal M, Singh DR. Prevalence and correlates of Helicobacter pylori infection among under-five children, adolescent and non-pregnant women in Nepal: Further analysis of Nepal national micronutrient status survey 2016. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009510. [PMID: 34153049 PMCID: PMC8263064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the Helicobacter pylori infections occur in developing countries. The risk factors for H. pylori infections are poverty, overcrowding, and unhygienic conditions, which are common problems in under-privileged countries such as Nepal. Despite having a high risk of H. pylori infections, no national level study has been conducted to assess prevalence and correlates of H. pylori infection in Nepal. Therefore, we hypothesized that micronutrients such as iron, vitamin B12 deficiency, socio-economic status, and nutritional status correlate with the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Nepal. We studied prevalence and correlates of H. pylori infection among under-five children, adolescents aged 10–19 years and married non-pregnant women aged 20–49 years using data from the Nepal National Micronutrient Status Survey 2016 (NNMSS-2016). H. pylori infection was examined in stool of 6–59 months old children and 20–49 years old non-pregnant women whereas the rapid diagnostic kit using blood sample was used among adolescent boys and girls. Prevalence of H. pylori infection was 18.2% among 6–59 months old children, 14% among adolescent boys and 16% among adolescent girls aged 10–19 years; and 40% among 20–49 years non-pregnant women. Poor socioeconomic status, crowding, and unhygienic condition were found to be positively associated with higher incidence of H. pylori infections. No significant correlation was observed between nutritional and micronutrients status (iron or risk of folate deficiency) with H. pylori infection. Findings from this study suggest that poverty-associated markers are primary contributors of H. pylori infections in Nepalese communities. To control acquisition and persistence of H. pylori infection in Nepal, we suggest improved management of safe drinking water and implementation of sanitation and hygiene programs, with a focus on those of lower socioeconomic status. Helicobacter pylori is associated with a wide spectrum of gastrointestinal diseases and is a common problem in tropical region where inter-human contact is the primary mode of disease transmission. Poor socio-economic status is a crucial fueling factor of H. pylori infection. In this study, the authors present data from Nepal national micronutrient status survey 2016 (NNMSS-2016) and investigated the risk factors associated with H. pylori infections among under-five years old children, 10–19 years old adolescent boys and girls, and 20–49 years non-pregnant women nationwide. Study findings corroborate that poverty-associated markers are the key driving factor of H. pylori infections in Nepal, which can have a manifold effect on nutrition and subsequent child growth retardation. Management of safe drinking water and implementation of sanitation and hygiene practices to decrease acquisition of H. pylori infection is a pressing need in rural parts of Nepal and among marginalized communities. The findings of this study highlight the varied prevalence of H. pylori by age group, gender, place of residence, ethnic group, and ecological regions of the country. Moreover, no significant correlation was observed between nutritional and micronutrients status with H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Mehata
- Ministry of Health and Population, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
- * E-mail:
| | - Kedar Raj Parajuli
- Nutrition Section, Family Welfare Division, Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Binod Rayamajhee
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and health Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Kathmandu Research Institute for Biological Sciences (KRIBS), Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- School of population Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Research Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal
- Department of Public Health, Torrens University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Priya Jha
- Nepal Health Professional Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Neha Mehta
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Dipendra Raman Singh
- Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Bangpanwimon K, Mittraparp-arthorn P, Srinitiwarawong K, Tansila N. Non-Invasive Colorimetric Magneto Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (CM-LAMP) Method for Helicobacter pylori Detection. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:501-509. [PMID: 33746187 PMCID: PMC9705857 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2101.01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
More than half the world's population is thought to be infected with Helicobacter pylori. Although the majority of infected people are asymptomatic, H. pylori infection may cause gastric ulcers and deadly gastric cancer. Owing to the difficulty and invasiveness of current routine culture and diagnostic methods, a highly sensitive and specific noninvasive assay for H. pylori is of interest. This study highlighted the design and performance of a colorimetric magneto loop-mediated isothermal amplification (CM-LAMP) assay to detect H. pylori in spiked saliva samples. LF primers were coated on magnetic nanoparticles by carbodiimide-induced immobilization and functionally used for solidphase amplification. During the LAMP reaction at 66°C, biotin-tagged FIPs were incorporated into LAMP amplicons. The colorimetric signal developed after the addition of NeutrAvidin horseradish peroxidase conjugate (NA-HRP) and ABTS. None of the tested microorganisms, including closely related bacteria, was shown positive by the CM-LAMP assay except H. pylori isolates. This novel platform was highly specific and 100-fold more sensitive (40 CFU/ml or 0.2 CFU per reaction) than the PCR and conventional LAMP assays for the detection of H. pylori in spiked saliva. Our results demonstrated the feasibility of using this noninvasive molecular diagnostic test to detect H. pylori in saliva samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khotchawan Bangpanwimon
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Pimonsri Mittraparp-arthorn
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand,Molecular Evolution and Computational Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Kanchana Srinitiwarawong
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Natta Tansila
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand,Corresponding author Phone: +66-74-289106 Fax: +66-74-289101 E-mail:
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Gebeyehu E, Nigatu D, Engidawork E. Complete symptom resolution as predictor of Helicobacter pylori eradication and factors affecting symptom resolution: Prospective follow up study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246624. [PMID: 33571257 PMCID: PMC7877610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptom resolution is the most common clinical practice during assessment and evaluation of helicobacter pylori infected patients after employing eradication therapy. OBJECTIVE Prediction of eradication of H. pylori with symptom resolution and assess factors affecting symptom resolution. METHOD Facility based follow up study was done on consented H. pylori positive adult patients who received standard triple therapy consisting of a proton pump inhibitor, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin from May 2016 to April 2018 at Bahir Dar city in Ethiopia. Sociodemographic and clinical data was collected before and after eradication therapy by using pre-developed structured questionnaire. Both positive and negative predictive values were calculated. SPSS version 23 was used to conduct bivariate and backward stepwise multivariate logistic regression to analyze data. P-value < 0.05 at 95%CI was considered as significant. RESULT The study involved a total of 421 patients who completed follow up. Patients' mean age and body weight (±SD) were 30.63 (± 10.74) years and 56.71 (± 10.19) kg, respectively. Complete symptom resolution was achieved in 84.3% of the patients and eradication of H. pylori was successful in 90% of patients. Positive predictive value of complete symptom resolution for H. pylori eradication was 98.9% (351/355) and whereas negative predictive value was 57.6%(38/66). Factors associated with complete symptom resolution were regimen completion (AOR: 2.77 95%CI (1.12-6.86), p = 0.028) and no use of traditional homemade supplements prepared from Fenugreek or Flaxseed (AOR: 2.09 95%CI (1.22-3.58), p = 0.007). CONCLUSION Complete symptom resolution is a powerful predictor of success of H. pylori eradication and can be used to assess H. pylori status after eradication therapy. Assessment of complete symptom resolution should consider regimen completion and traditional practice of using homemade supplements prepared from Fenugreek or Flaxseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endalew Gebeyehu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Desalegn Nigatu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Ephrem Engidawork
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Kouitcheu Mabeku LB, Bello Epesse M, Fotsing S, Kamgang R, Tchidjo M. Stool Antigen Testing, a Reliable Noninvasive Method of Assessment of Helicobacter pylori Infection Among Patients with Gastro-duodenal Disorders in Cameroon. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:511-520. [PMID: 32350723 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several techniques such as invasive and noninvasive are used for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. AIM The aim of this study was to compare the results of rapid urease test, stool antigen test and serology in diagnosing H. pylori infection in Cameroon. METHODS Hundred patients (66 women and 34 men) were enrolled. Each patient gave a written consent. The study was approved by the local Ethical Committee of Medical Sciences and the institutional review board. From each patient, blood, stool and gastric biopsies samples were collected for H. pylori detection using three methods: stool antigen test, serology and rapid urease test (RUT), taken as gold standard. Statistical analysis was performed using Graph pad Prism 7. RESULTS Helicobacter pylori infection was detected in 43%, 45% and 73% of patients based on the RUT, stool antigen test and serology, respectively. The difference was statistically significant between serology and RUT (P = 0.0026), but not between stool antigens test and RUT (P = 0.288). Taken RUT as gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of stool antigens test and serology were 65.11, 70.17, 62.22 and 72.72%; 88.37, 40.35, 55.77 and 82.14%, respectively. The accuracy of stool antigen test and serology was 68 and 61%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our finding showed that stool antigen test can be used as a noninvasive method of assessment of H. pylori infection in our setting. Serological test can be used in screening; however, further diagnostic tests need to be carried out to confirm seropositive cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Brigitte Kouitcheu Mabeku
- Microbiology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P. O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Mohamadou Bello Epesse
- Microbiology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P. O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Stephane Fotsing
- Gastroenterology Department, Laquintinie Hospital of Douala, P. O. Box 4035, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Roland Kamgang
- Gastroenterology Department, Polyclinique de Poitiers, P. O. Box 15422, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Magloire Tchidjo
- Gastroenterology Department, Polyclinique de Poitiers, P. O. Box 15422, Douala, Cameroon
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Kakiuchi T, Takamori A, Matsuo M. High Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Special Needs Schools in Japan. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:697200. [PMID: 34307259 PMCID: PMC8295468 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.697200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Developmental disorders and high Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection rates have been reported. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of H. pylori in a special needs school where all students had developmental disorders in Japan. Methods: In 2017, third-grade junior high school and second- and third-grade high school students attending a special needs school with developmental disorders were enrolled. Participants of Saga Prefecture's H. pylori test and treat project, which comprised third-grade junior high school students not from special needs school, were assigned to the control group. Results: In the control group, H. pylori positive results were 3.18% (228/7,164) students. Similarly, in developmental disorder group, H. pylori positive results were 6.80% (13/191) students. For the developmental disorder and control groups, this present examination sensitivity was 7.03% (13/185), specificity was 96.76% (6,815/7,043), positive predictive value was 5.39% (13/241), negative predictive value was 97.54% (6,815/6,987), Likelihood ratio of a positive result 2.17 and Odds ratio was 2.26 (95% confidence interval: 1.27-4.03, p = 0.005). Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was significantly higher in adolescents with developmental disorders than in typically developing adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Kakiuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Ayako Takamori
- Clinical Research Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Muneaki Matsuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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Frequency of Helicobacter pylori in Stool Specimens of Patients Suspected of Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms in District Bunir. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.104471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There are studies on Helicobacter pylori infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. However, district Buner is far away, and most people have the least access to more developed techniques for the diagnosis of different diseases, and no study has been conducted in this region. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the frequency of H. pylori infection in patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the frequency of H. pylori antigen in the stool of patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Bilal Medical Trust Hospital from February 2018 to November 30, 2019. A total of 111 patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal symptoms were included in this study. A purposive (non-probability) sampling technique was used. All of the patients were screened for H. Pylori in stool specimens using a specific stool H. pylori device. Results: Out of 111 patients, 74 (66.66%) were reported positive for H. pylori infection, among whom, females had a higher ratio (54.05%) than had males (45.94%). The infection was more prevalent in patients aged 20 - 30 years (43.67%). Patients who consumed fresh milk had higher rates of infection than those who used powdered milk/packed milk (52.54% vs. 15.25%). Patients who consumed water from water wells had a higher infection rate (72.87%) than those who used water from tube wells (27.11%). Conclusions: The present study revealed a higher prevalence of H. pylori in females than in males. The maximum prevalence was noticed in the age group of 20 - 30 years. The study indicated a significantly higher rate of H. pylori infection in patients who used uncooked milk and water from contaminated sources.
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Miftahussurur M. Noninvasive Helicobacter pylori Diagnostic Methods in Indonesia. Gut Liver 2020; 14:553-559. [PMID: 31693853 PMCID: PMC7492493 DOI: 10.5009/gnl19264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Indonesia is lower than that in other countries, H. pylori is still an essential pathogen associated with severe gastric mucosal damage and dyspeptic symptoms. Invasive diagnostic methods are not ideal due to the lack of endoscopic centers and high costs without full coverage by social insurance. Among the noninvasive methods, the urea breath test is widely available in Indonesia and has been suggested as the primary option to ensure the successful eradication of H. pylori. There has been no local validation for the urea breath test utilizing 13C or 14C. The stool antigen test is inexpensive and suitable for use in active infections before and after eradication; however, customs and habits are obstacles to delivering fresh stool on time. Only polyclonal antibodies and qualitative stool antigen test kits with low sensitivity are available. Serology is a widely validated method and has good accuracy, but it cannot distinguish between active and inactive infections. According to our observations, serology is the main choice of experts and patients, as it is simple, inexpensive and widely known. The urine test is an alternative for reducing costs and endoscopic workload, with high accuracy but low sensitivity. Further studies are necessary to prove the validity of the urine test to be used throughout Indonesia, especially in areas with a low prevalence of H. pylori infection. In conclusion, the validated urea breath test and the stool antigen test are considered noninvasive practical approaches for the detection of H. pylori infection in Indonesia, with serological and urine tests as alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Choi YI, Chung JW. Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Patients Undergoing Gastrectomy: Diagnosis and Therapy. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HELICOBACTER AND UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.7704/kjhugr.2019.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) eradication in patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer is unclear. Although European and Asian guidelines strongly recommend <i>H. pylori</i> eradication in patients who undergo endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer, these guidelines do not specify the tests useful for diagnosing <i>H. pylori</i> infection, the optimal timing and appropriate eradication regimens, and follow-up strategies in patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer. This review aims to update the guidelines for the diagnosis and management of <i>H. pylori</i> infection in patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer. We have focused on the following issues: 1) diagnostic tests for <i>H. pylori</i> infection in the remnant stomach, 2) optimal timing and regimen for <i>H. pylori</i> eradication, and 3) role of <i>H. pylori</i> eradication in reducing the risk of metachronous gastric cancer in the remnant stomach.
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Myint NPST, Zaw TT, Sain K, Waiyan S, Danta M, Cooper D, Aung NM, Kyi MM, Hanson J. Sequential Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in Myanmar; a randomized clinical trial of efficacy and tolerability. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:617-623. [PMID: 31758571 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM There is little published research to examine the best approach to the management of Helicobacter pylori in Myanmar. This study aimed to determine the relative efficacy and tolerability of sequential eradication therapy compared to Myanmar's current recommendation of a concomitant four drug regimen. METHODS Patients were screened for H. pylori using monoclonal Stool Antigen Testing (SAT). Those testing positive were randomized 1:1 to receive receive Myanmar's first-line regimen of 14 days of concomitant rabeprazole, clarithromycin, amoxycillin and tinidazole (140 pills, cost US$23) or 10 days of sequential rabeprazole, clarithromycin, amoxycillin and tinidazole (60 pills, cost US$10). Adherence and adverse effects were recorded, and the efficacy of the regimens assessed with repeat SAT. RESULTS Of the 1011 patients screened for H. pylori infection, 313 (31%) tested positive. There was no statistical difference in the cure rates of the two regimens in either intention-to-treat: 128/157 (82%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 75-87%) receiving sequential therapy versus 123/156 (79%; 95% CI: 72-85%) receiving concomitant therapy (P = 0.55) or per-protocol analysis: 125/131 (95%; 95% CI: 90-98) receiving sequential therapy versus 121/130 (93%; 95% CI: 87-96) receiving concomitant therapy (P = 0.42). Side effects of therapy were reported in 54/157 (47%) patients taking sequential therapy compared with 62/156 (53%) taking concomitant therapy, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.33). CONCLUSIONS In this high-burden, resource-poor setting, less expensive sequential therapy was as effective and as well tolerated as the currently recommended concomitant four drug regimen for eradication of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Phyu Sin Toe Myint
- Insein General Hospital, Insein Township, Yangon, Myanmar.,University of Medicine 2, North Okkalapa Township, Yangon, Myanmar.,Myanmar Australia Research Collaboration for Health (MARCH), Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Thet Tun Zaw
- Insein General Hospital, Insein Township, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Kyauk Sain
- Insein General Hospital, Insein Township, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Soe Waiyan
- Insein General Hospital, Insein Township, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Mark Danta
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Cooper
- Myanmar Australia Research Collaboration for Health (MARCH), Yangon, Myanmar.,Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ne Myo Aung
- Insein General Hospital, Insein Township, Yangon, Myanmar.,University of Medicine 2, North Okkalapa Township, Yangon, Myanmar.,Myanmar Australia Research Collaboration for Health (MARCH), Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Mar Mar Kyi
- Insein General Hospital, Insein Township, Yangon, Myanmar.,University of Medicine 2, North Okkalapa Township, Yangon, Myanmar.,Myanmar Australia Research Collaboration for Health (MARCH), Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Josh Hanson
- University of Medicine 2, North Okkalapa Township, Yangon, Myanmar.,Myanmar Australia Research Collaboration for Health (MARCH), Yangon, Myanmar.,Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, Australia
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Fang YJ, Chen MJ, Chen CC, Lee JY, Yang TH, Yu CC, Chiu MC, Kuo CC, Weng YJ, Bair MJ, Wu MS, Luo JC, Liou JM. Accuracy of rapid Helicobacter pylori antigen tests for the surveillance of the updated prevalence of H. pylori in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 119:1626-1633. [PMID: 31926791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The updated prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is lacking in Taiwan. We aimed to assess the accuracy of Vstrip® H. pylori Stool Antigen Rapid Test (Vstrip®HpSA) in the detection and surveillance of the updated prevalence of H. pylori in Taiwan. METHODS A total of 347 adult subjects including 152 volunteers and 195 symptomatic patients were recruited. Stool samples were collected for detection of H. pylori using Vstrip® HpSA, ImmunoCard STAT!® HpSA and Premier Platinum HpSA® PLUS. All subjects who have completed the stool sample collections were included in the ITT analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of Vstrip® HpSA were calculated compared to gold standard test with 13C-Urea breath test. RESULTS The un-adjusted prevalence of H. pylori infection was 22.5% (95% CI: 18.3-27%) in 2018. The age-standardized prevalence of H. pylori was 21.8% in asymptomatic adults in Taiwan. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the Vstrip® HpSA, and ImmunoCard STAT!® HpSA tests were 91% (95% CI: 82-96%) versus 76.9% (95% CI: 66-86%), 97% (95% CI: 94.1-98.6%) versus 97% (95% CI: 94.1-98.6%), and 95.7% (95% CI: 92-97%) versus 92.5% (95% CI: 89-95%), respectively. CONCLUSION The age-standardized prevalence of H. pylori infection in Taiwan was 21.8% in asymptomatic adults in 2018. The Vstrip® HpSA had equivalent performance as the ImmunoCard STAT!® HpSA, and can be used in future mass screening of H. pylori infection for gastric cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Douliou, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jyh Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chang Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Douliou, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Yuh Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Douliou, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hua Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Douliou, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Douliou, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chin Chiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Douliou, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Douliou, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jong Weng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veteran General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jong Bair
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taitung Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan; Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiing-Chyuan Luo
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine and Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Keelung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Liou
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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McNicholl AG, Garre A, Llorca L, Bujanda L, Molina-Infante J, Barenys M, Perez J, Guerrero-Torres MD, Tamayo E, Montes M, Prados-Manzano R, Sanchez-Garcia A, Ramas M, Valdez Blanco VB, Montoro M, Calvet X, Figuerola A, Lario S, Quilez E, Lanas A, Silva-Pomarino P, Perez-Aisa A, Donday MG, Belloc B, Montserrat-Torres A, Fernandez-Moreno N, Ramírez MJ, Alarcon T, Gisbert JP. Prospective, study comparing the accuracy of two different stool antigen tests (Premier Platinum HpSA and novel ImmunoCard STAT! rapid test) for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2019; 43:117-125. [PMID: 31810793 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present only monoclonal EIA (enzyme-immunoassay) stool antigen-tests have obtained optimal accuracy in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori. Our aim was to evaluate the accuracy of two stool antigen-tests, the validated Premier Platinum HpSA PLUS (EIA test) and the newly available ImmunoCard STAT! HpSA HD (rapid test) for the initial diagnosis and the confirmation of eradication of H. pylori infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with indication of H. pylori diagnosis, or confirmation after treatment were included. Data were coded to protect personal data and ensure blindness between tests. Accuracy was considered as coincident diagnosis with the gold standard (13C-urea breath test, UBT). The EIA was used as a bench standard. All stool tests were performed in duplicate. RESULTS 264 patients completed the protocol (100 naïve, 164 post-eradication). Average age was 52 years, 61% women, 11% ulcer. Positive diagnoses by UBT were 41% for naïve and 17% for post-eradication. Overall ImmunoCard and EIA accuracies were respectively 91% (95%C.I.=88-94%) and 89% (86-93%), sensitivities 72% (67-78%) and 72% (67-78%), and specificities 98% (96-100%), and 95% (92-97%). Concordance between ImmunoCard and EIA was 95% (93-98%). DISCUSSION Our results indicate that the newly available ImmunoCard rapid stool antigen-test achieves 90% accuracy, with high specificity but suboptimal sensitivity. The ImmunoCard attained equivalent accuracies as the EIA bench standard, with 95% concordance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian G McNicholl
- Gastroenterology Unit, La Princesa University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Garre
- Gastroenterology Unit, La Princesa University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Llorca
- Microbiology Service, La Princesa University Hospital and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Digestive Service, Donostia University Hospital and Instituto Biodonostia, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU and CIBERehd, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Merce Barenys
- Digestive Service, Viladecans Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Perez
- Gastroenterology Unit, La Princesa University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria D Guerrero-Torres
- Microbiology Service, La Princesa University Hospital and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Tamayo
- Microbiology Service, Donostia University Hospital and Instituto Biodonostia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Milagrosa Montes
- Microbiology Service, Donostia University Hospital and Instituto Biodonostia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Raul Prados-Manzano
- Digestive Service, San Pedro de Alcántara Hospital, and CIBERehd, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Mercedes Ramas
- Gastroenterology Unit, La Princesa University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronica B Valdez Blanco
- Microbiology Service, La Princesa University Hospital and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Calvet
- Digestive Service, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, and CIBERehd, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Ariadna Figuerola
- Digestive Service, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, and CIBERehd, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Sergio Lario
- Digestive Service, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, and CIBERehd, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Eia Quilez
- Digestive Service, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, and CIBERehd, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Angel Lanas
- Digestive Service, Lozano Blesa Hospital, and CIBERehd, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Angeles Perez-Aisa
- Digestive Service, Agencia Sanitaria Costa del Sol Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Maria G Donday
- Gastroenterology Unit, La Princesa University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Belloc
- Digestive Service, San Jorge Hospital, Huesca, Spain
| | | | | | - María José Ramírez
- Digestive Service, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, and CIBERehd, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Teresa Alarcon
- Microbiology Service, La Princesa University Hospital and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier P Gisbert
- Gastroenterology Unit, La Princesa University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain.
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Gebeyehu E, Nigatu D, Engidawork E. Self-reported adverse drug effects and associated factors among H. pylori infected patients on standard triple therapy: Prospective follow up study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225585. [PMID: 31756217 PMCID: PMC6874330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most common reasons for poor medication adherence and associated treatment failure of triple therapy is adverse drug effect (ADEs) of medications. Objective Assessment of ADEs and associated factors during H. pylori eradication therapy. Method Consented H. pylori positive adult outpatients on standard triple therapy (proton pump inhibitor, amoxicillin and clarithromycin) were involved in this facility based follow up study from May 2016 to April 2018 at Bahir Dar city in Ethiopia. Pre-developed questionnaire and formats were used to collect sociodemographic, medical information, and patient practice data before, during, and after therapy. Bivariate and backward stepwise multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze data. P-value < 0.05 at 95%CI was considered as significant. Result A total of 421 patients were involved in the study. Almost 80% of the patients were urban residents. Mean (±SD) age and body weight of patients were 30.63 (± 10.74) years and 56.79 (± 10.17) kg, respectively. ADE was reported from 26.1% of the patients and of all the reported ADEs, more than 85% was manifested with gastrointestinal symptoms which include gastrointestinal discomfort(39.1%), nausea (13.6%), constipation(12.7%), diarrhea(12.9%) and anorexia(10%). Determinants of self-reported ADEs among patients in the present study were body mass index above 25 (AOR: 2.55; 95%CI (1.21–5.38), p = 0.014), duration of acid-pepsin disorder more than 3weeks (AOR: 3.57; 95%CI (1.63–7.81), p = 0.001), pain feeling during long interval between meals (AOR: 2.14; 95%CI (1.19–3.84), p = 0.011), and residence in urban area (AOR: 1.95; 95% CI (1.04–3.67), p = 0.038). Conclusion Significant proportion of patients reported ADEs which commonly manifested with gastrointestinal symptoms. Consideration of patients’ body mass index, duration of the disorder, period of the day when patients feel pain, and patients’ area of residence could help to reduce ADEs experienced during H. pylori eradication therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endalew Gebeyehu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Nigatu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Ephrem Engidawork
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Sandhika W. DETECTION OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION IN CHRONIC GASTRITIS BIOPSY SPECIMEN USING WARTHIN-STARRY AND MODIFIED GIEMSA STAIN IN DR SOETOMO HOSPITAL SURABAYA. INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE 2019. [DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v7i6.8404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a bacteria that commonly cause chronic gastritis. Identification of its infection is essential for eradication treatment. Detection of H.pylori bacteria in gastric biopsy specimen by histology method is a diagnostic tool that widely accepted because it is superior to serology examination. Although the bacteria can be seen in routinely Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, Modified Giemsa and Whartin Starry stain was commonly used to see the bacteria more clearly. Whartin Starry stain gives more contrast to the bacteria but modified Giemsa stain is preferable at many centres because it is a cheaper and simpler method. This study want to find out whether there is difference result in detection of H.pylori using these two stains. Material and methods. Paraffin blocks from gastric biopsy patients with chronic gastritis were retrieved from Anatomic Pathology Laboratory Dr.Soetomo Hospital Surabaya in the year 2017. Thirty paraffin blocks were taken randomly and were made into microscopic slides for staining with Warthin-starry and modified Giemsa stain concomitantly. Results. Specimen with Whartin starry stain show 19 out of 30 were positive for H.pylori while modified-Giemsa stain found 16 out of 30 specimen were positive for H.pylori. Whartin Starry stain use silver reagent to coat the bacteria so it become more clearly visible. Conclusion. Detection of H.pylori Warthin-starry stain give more chance to obtain positive result because it use silver technique that coat the bacteria making it is more clearly visible in microscopic examination.
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de Brito BB, da Silva FAF, Soares AS, Pereira VA, Santos MLC, Sampaio MM, Neves PHM, de Melo FF. Pathogenesis and clinical management of Helicobacter pylori gastric infection. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:5578-5589. [PMID: 31602159 PMCID: PMC6785516 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i37.5578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium that infects approximately 4.4 billion individuals worldwide. However, its prevalence varies among different geographic areas, and is influenced by several factors. The infection can be acquired by means of oral-oral or fecal-oral transmission, and the pathogen possesses various mechanisms that improve its capacity of mobility, adherence and manipulation of the gastric microenvironment, making possible the colonization of an organ with a highly acidic lumen. In addition, H. pylori presents a large variety of virulence factors that improve its pathogenicity, of which we highlight cytotoxin associated antigen A, vacuolating cytotoxin, duodenal ulcer promoting gene A protein, outer inflammatory protein and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. The host immune system, mainly by means of a Th1-polarized response, also plays a crucial role in the infection course. Although most H. pylori-positive individuals remain asymptomatic, the infection predisposes the development of various clinical conditions as peptic ulcers, gastric adenocarcinomas and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. Invasive and non-invasive diagnostic methods, each of them with their related advantages and limitations, have been applied in H. pylori detection. Moreover, bacterial resistance to antimicrobial therapy is a major challenge in the treatment of this infection, and new therapy alternatives are being tested to improve H. pylori eradication. Last but not least, the development of effective vaccines against H. pylori infection have been the aim of several research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breno Bittencourt de Brito
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Silva Soares
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Afonso Pereira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria Luísa Cordeiro Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariana Miranda Sampaio
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Moreira Neves
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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The importance of stool tests in diagnosis and follow-up of gastrointestinal disorders in children. Turk Arch Pediatr 2019; 54:141-148. [PMID: 31619925 PMCID: PMC6776453 DOI: 10.14744/turkpediatriars.2018.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stool is not just a simple waste material. Some stool tests can be easily used in primary care in the differential diagnosis of disorders such as gastrointestinal infections, malabsorption syndromes, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Stool tests can prevent unnecessary laboratory investigations. Stool analyses include microscopic examination, chemical, immunologic, and microbiologic tests. Stool samples can be examined for leukocytes, occult blood, fat, sugars (reducing substances), pH, pancreatic enzymes, alpha-1 antitrypsin, calprotectin, and infectious causes (bacteria, viruses, and parasites). Stool should also be macroscopically checked in terms of color, consistency, quantity, shape, odor, and mucus.
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Marinoni C, Ribaldone DG, Rosso C, Astegiano M, Caviglia GP. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection: a look into molecular aspects of urea breath test. MINERVA BIOTECNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.23736/s1120-4826.19.02555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Bordin DS, Voynovan IN, Kolbasnikov SV, Embutnieks YV. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in clinical practice. TERAPEVT ARKH 2019; 90:133-139. [PMID: 30701845 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2018.12.000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic tests used to detection Helicobacter pylori are divided into invasive (requiring endoscopy) and non-invasive, direct (bacteriological, histological or molecular detection of the bacterium) and indirect (detection of urease activity of the bacterium or antibodies to it). The choice of the test is determined by the clinical situation, as well as by its availability and cost. The sensitivity of most tests is affected by the use of antisecretory drugs and antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Bordin
- A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Research and Practical Center of the Department of Health of Moscow, Moscow, Russia.,Tver State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tver, Russia
| | - I N Voynovan
- A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Research and Practical Center of the Department of Health of Moscow, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Kolbasnikov
- Tver State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tver, Russia
| | - Yu V Embutnieks
- A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Research and Practical Center of the Department of Health of Moscow, Moscow, Russia
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Gebeyehu E, Nigatu D, Engidawork E. Helicobacter pylori eradication rate of standard triple therapy and factors affecting eradication rate at Bahir Dar city administration, Northwest Ethiopia: A prospective follow up study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217645. [PMID: 31163069 PMCID: PMC6548423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection with standard triple therapy has been accepted to curb associated risks of chronic gastritis andpeptic ulcer disease. OBJECTIVE To assess H. pylori eradication rate of standard triple therapy and patient related factors affecting eradication rate. METHODS A facility based prospective follow up study was conducted in Bahir Dar City Administration, Ethiopia, on consented outpatients presented with gastritis and peptic ulcer disease and positive for H. pylori stool antigen test from May 2016 to April 2018. Eradication was confirmed with stool antigen test made after 4-6 weeks of standard triple therapy, comprising of proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin and amoxicillin. Pre-developed questionnaire and data collection formats were used to collect variables before and after therapy. Bivariate and backward stepwise multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze data. P-value < 0.05 at 95%CI was considered as significant. RESULTS The overall H. pylori eradication rate was 90.3% (379/421). Almost 80% of the patients were urban residents. Mean (±SD) age and body weight of patients were 30.63 (± 10.74) years and 56.79 (± 10.17) kg, respectively. Self-reported adverse drug effects and area of residence of patients were factors affecting eradication rate significantly. Patients with no self-reported adverse drug effect were 3.85 (AOR: 3.85; 95%CI (1.41-5.26)) times more likely to eradicate H. pylori infection compared to those reported adverse effects. Patients living in rural area were 2.7 (AOR: 2.7; 95%CI (1.19-20.0)) times more likely to achieve eradication compared to urban residents. CONCLUSION H. pylori eradication rate is within the recommended level for clinical practice, indicating that modifications of the standard triple therapy observed in the different healthcare institutions are not evidence-based. Emphasis should be given to adverse drug effects of medications and tailored counseling based on area of residence could have a contribution in improving eradication rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endalew Gebeyehu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Nigatu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Ephrem Engidawork
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Darma A, Nugroho BST, Yoanna V, Sulistyani I, Athiyyah AF, Ranuh RG, Sudarmo SM. Comparison of Helicobacter pylori stool antigen, salivary IgG, serum IgG, and serum IgM as diagnostic markers of H. pylori infection in children. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2019; 11:206-211. [PMID: 31523403 PMCID: PMC6711868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Various non-invasive diagnostic tests are available for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection. The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of HpSA, salivary IgG, serum IgG, and serum IgM to those of endoscopic-biopsy as the gold standard for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional study performed among pediatric patients at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital (Surabaya, Indonesia). Fecal, blood, and saliva samples were collected from all subjects. The results of the HpSA, salivary IgG, serum IgG, and serum IgM tests were compared to the results of endoscopic-biopsy as the gold standard. RESULTS Of the 37 study participants, H. pylori infection was confirmed in 5 (13.33%) with serum IgG, 23 (63.33%) with serum IgM, 15 (40%) with HpSA, and 26 (70.97%) with salivary IgG. The salivary IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was the only diagnostic test with significantly different results, as compared to biopsy (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that HpSA, salivary IgG, and serum IgG and IgM were not sufficient to replace endoscopic-biopsy as the gold standard for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Darma
- Corresponding author: Andy Darma, MD, Department of Child Health, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. Tel: +6281-332333806, Fax: +6231-5022472,
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Bakhtiari S, Hasanvand B, Pajavand H, Alvandi A, Abiri R. Rapid and accurate detection of Helicobacter pylori from biopsy specimens using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. APMIS 2019; 127:510-514. [PMID: 31009119 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a promising nucleic acid-based assay for quick, accurate and cost-effective diagnosis of many infectious agents. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of LAMP for rapid and accurate detection of Helicobacter pylori in biopsy specimens. Patients suffering from one or several gastroduodenal disorders were enrolled in the study. Specificity, sensitivity, and the positive and negative predictive values of LAMP were compared with the gold standard result, which was the assembled result of culture, rapid urease test and polymerase chain reaction. Sensitivity, specificity, and the positive and negative predictive values of LAMP in comparison with the gold standard result were 100%, 30.76%, and 87.67% and 100% respectively [%95 CI]. As the diagnostic value of LAMP is favourable, the method is an optimum technique for diagnosis the presence of H. pylori in different clinical and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Bakhtiari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Hasanvand
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamid Pajavand
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amirhooshang Alvandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ramin Abiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Huh CW, Kim BW. [Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = TAEHAN SOHWAGI HAKHOE CHI 2018; 72:229-236. [PMID: 30642138 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2018.72.5.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is mandatory for the effective management of many gastroduodenal diseases. Currently, various diagnostic methods are available for detecting these infections, and the choice of method should take into account the clinical condition, accessibility, advantage, disadvantage, as well as cost-effectiveness. The diagnostic methods are divided into invasive (endoscopic-based) and non-invasive methods. Non-invasive methods included urea breath test, stool antigen test, serology, and molecular methods. Invasive methods included endoscopic imaging, rapid urease test, histology, culture, and molecular methods. In this article, we provide a review of the currently available options and recent advances of various diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheal Wung Huh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Rationale of using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panels for etiological diagnosis of infective diarrhea in the tropics. Indian J Gastroenterol 2018; 37:381-384. [PMID: 30406887 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-018-0908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Chinda D, Shimoyama T, Mikami T, Arai T, Chiba D, Sasaki Y, Komai K, Sawada Y, Saito Y, Chiba H, Fukuda S. Serum pepsinogen levels indicate the requirement of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy among Group A subjects of ABC classification: a multicenter study. J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:924-931. [PMID: 29353347 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-018-1431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ABC classification has been used to assess the risk for gastric cancer. The current problem of ABC classification is that Group A contains individuals with current and past H. pylori infection. The aims of this study were to assesse the proportion of current and past infection in Group A and to establish a criteria for the identification of subjects with past infection from Group A subjects with negative results of urea breath test (UBT) and/or stool antigen test. METHODS 201 subjects classified into Group A received UBT and/or stool antigen test, and also subsequent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The subjects were classified by the status of H. pylori infection defined by endoscopic findings. Levels of pepsinogen (PG) I, PG II and PG I/II ratio were compared between the groups, and receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to extract the corresponding cutoff values. RESULTS 22 subjects were tested positive by UBT and/or stool antigen test. Endoscopic images of 157 out of 179 subjects were studied. 15 of the subjects were regarded to have past H. pylori infection. The optimal cut-off value of PG I and PG I/II ratio for the determination of past H. pylori infection were ≤ 31.2 ng/mL and ≤ 4.6, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Approximately 20% of Group A subjects have current or past H. pylori infection. Addition of UBT and/or stool antigen test can identify current but not past infection. Serum PG levels would be useful to identify subjects with past H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Chinda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tadashi Shimoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Division of Endoscopy, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tetsu Arai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Daisuke Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sasaki
- Sasaki Clinic of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kazuo Komai
- Komai Clinic of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiharu Saito
- Shinjo Clinic of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hironobu Chiba
- Chiba Clinic of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
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Detection of Helicobacter pylori from Human Biological Samples (Feces) by Antigenic Screening and Culture. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.66721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection : A short review. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2018; 130:530-534. [PMID: 29959527 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-018-1356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infections represent an important factor in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, MALT lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma. The recently published Maastricht V/Florence consensus report indicated that the urea breath test using 13 C urea still remains the best non-invasive test to diagnose H. pylori infections with high sensitivity and specificity. Among the stool antigen tests, the ELISA monoclonal antibody test is a rational option. Effective therapy should be based only on susceptibility testing in regions with documented high clarithromycin resistance (>15%). Advanced high-resolution endoscopic technologies enable increased diagnostic accuracy for detection of H. pylori infections.
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Skrebinska S, Daugule I, Santare D, Isajevs S, Liepniece-Karele I, Rudzite D, Kikuste I, Vanags A, Tolmanis I, Atstupens J, Park JY, Herrero R, Leja M. Accuracy of two plasma antibody tests and faecal antigen test for non-invasive detection of H. pylori in middle-aged Caucasian general population sample. Scand J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:777-783. [PMID: 29889002 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2018.1476909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the accuracy of two plasma Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibody test-systems and a stool antigen test (SAT) system in a general population sample in Latvia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood and faecal samples were analysed in healthy individuals (40-64 years), referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy according to pilot study protocol within a population-based study investigating gastric cancer prevention strategies (GISTAR pilot study). Antibodies to H. pylori were assessed in plasma by latex-agglutination test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). H. pylori antigen in faecal samples was detected by a monoclonal enzyme immunoassay-based SAT. Histological assessment of H. pylori based on a modified Giemsa staining method was used as the gold standard. Individuals having received H. pylori eradication within one year prior to enrolment were excluded. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and overall accuracy were calculated. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were designed to estimate the optimal diagnostic cut-off value of tests. RESULTS The analysis included 779 participants for latex-agglutination test, 1002 for ELISA and 672 individual samples for SAT. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and overall accuracy were as follows: latex-agglutination test (86;81;87;80;84%), ELISA (97;72;83;94;86%) and SAT (87;81;87;81;85%), respectively. The optimal diagnostic cut-off value for ELISA test was ≥50.26 g/L. CONCLUSIONS Although the performance of the three tests was comparable to each other, the three test systems showed suboptimal accuracy, with important implications for public health programs based on 'test-and-treat' strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Skrebinska
- a Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia , Riga , Latvia
- b Faculty of Continuing Education , Riga Stradins University , Riga , Latvia
| | - Ilva Daugule
- a Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia , Riga , Latvia
- c Faculty of Medicine , University of Latvia , Riga , Latvia
| | - Daiga Santare
- a Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia , Riga , Latvia
- c Faculty of Medicine , University of Latvia , Riga , Latvia
- d Department of Research , Riga East University Hospital , Riga , Latvia
| | - Sergejs Isajevs
- a Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia , Riga , Latvia
- c Faculty of Medicine , University of Latvia , Riga , Latvia
- e Academic Histology Laboratory , Riga , Latvia
| | - Inta Liepniece-Karele
- a Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia , Riga , Latvia
- e Academic Histology Laboratory , Riga , Latvia
| | - Dace Rudzite
- a Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia , Riga , Latvia
- d Department of Research , Riga East University Hospital , Riga , Latvia
| | - Ilze Kikuste
- a Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia , Riga , Latvia
- c Faculty of Medicine , University of Latvia , Riga , Latvia
- f Digestive Diseases Centre, "GASTRO" , Riga , Latvia
| | - Aigars Vanags
- a Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia , Riga , Latvia
- f Digestive Diseases Centre, "GASTRO" , Riga , Latvia
| | | | - Juris Atstupens
- a Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia , Riga , Latvia
| | - Jin Young Park
- g Prevention and Implementation Group , International Agency for Research on Cancer , Lyon , France
| | - Rolando Herrero
- g Prevention and Implementation Group , International Agency for Research on Cancer , Lyon , France
| | - Marcis Leja
- a Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia , Riga , Latvia
- c Faculty of Medicine , University of Latvia , Riga , Latvia
- d Department of Research , Riga East University Hospital , Riga , Latvia
- f Digestive Diseases Centre, "GASTRO" , Riga , Latvia
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