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Yang C, Han J, Liu H, He Y, Zhang Z, Liu X, Waqas F, Zhang L, Duan H, He J, Dong L. Storage of plasma-derived exosomes: evaluation of anticoagulant use and preserving temperatures. Platelets 2024; 35:2337255. [PMID: 38630028 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2024.2337255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes carry large cargo of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, serving as versatile biomarkers for disease diagnosis and vehicles for drug delivery. However, up to date, no well recognized standard procedures for exosome storage were available for clinical application. This study aimed to determine the optimal storage conditions and the anticoagulants for plasma-derived exosome isolation. Fresh whole blood samples were collected from healthy participants and preserved in four different anticoagulants including sodium citrate (SC1/4), sodium citrate (SC1/9), lithium heparin (LH), or Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), respectively. Exosomes were extracted from the plasma by differential ultracentrifugation and stored at three different temperatures, 4°C, -20°C or - 80°C for a duration ranging from one week to six months. All plasma samples for storage conditions comparison were pretreated with LH anticoagulant. Exosome features including morphological characteristics, pariticles size diameter, and surface protein profiles (TSG101, CD63, CD81, CD9, CALNEXIN) were assessed by transmission electron microscopy, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, and Western Blotting, respectively. Exosomes preserved in LH and SC1/4 group tended to remain intact microstructure with highly abundant protein biomarkers. Exosomes stored at 4°C for short time were prone to be more stable compared to thos at -80°C. Exosomes stored in plasma were superior in terms of ultrastructure, size diameter and surface protein expression to those stored in PBS. In conclusion, plasma-dervied exosome characteristics strictly depend on the anticoagulants and storage temperature and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiting Yang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Han
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Liu
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuyu He
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Farooq Waqas
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lizhong Zhang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huiping Duan
- Tuberculosis Department, The Fourth People's Hospital of Taiyuan, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing He
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Dong
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Liang S, Zhou J, Yu X, Lu S, Liu R. Neuronal conversion from glia to replenish the lost neurons. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1446-1453. [PMID: 38051886 PMCID: PMC10883502 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.386400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Neuronal injury, aging, and cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases such as cerebral infarction, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease are characterized by significant neuronal loss. Unfortunately, the neurons of most mammals including humans do not possess the ability to self-regenerate. Replenishment of lost neurons becomes an appealing therapeutic strategy to reverse the disease phenotype. Transplantation of pluripotent neural stem cells can supplement the missing neurons in the brain, but it carries the risk of causing gene mutation, tumorigenesis, severe inflammation, and obstructive hydrocephalus induced by brain edema. Conversion of neural or non-neural lineage cells into functional neurons is a promising strategy for the diseases involving neuron loss, which may overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages of neural stem cell therapy. Thus far, many strategies to transform astrocytes, fibroblasts, microglia, Müller glia, NG2 cells, and other glial cells to mature and functional neurons, or for the conversion between neuronal subtypes have been developed through the regulation of transcription factors, polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1), and small chemical molecules or are based on a combination of several factors and the location in the central nervous system. However, some recent papers did not obtain expected results, and discrepancies exist. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the history of neuronal transdifferentiation, summarize the strategies for neuronal replenishment and conversion from glia, especially astrocytes, and point out that biosafety, new strategies, and the accurate origin of the truly converted neurons in vivo should be focused upon in future studies. It also arises the attention of replenishing the lost neurons from glia by gene therapies such as up-regulation of some transcription factors or down-regulation of PTBP1 or drug interference therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruitian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Shirejini SZ, Inci F. The Yin and Yang of exosome isolation methods: conventional practice, microfluidics, and commercial kits. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107814. [PMID: 34389465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles released from various cells, and they can be found in different bodily fluids. Exosomes are used as biomarkers to diagnose many diseases and to monitor therapy efficiency as they represent the status and origin of the cell, which they are released from. Considering that they co-exist in bodily fluids with other types of particles, their isolation still remains challenging since conventional separation methods are time-consuming, user-dependent, and result in low isolation yield. This review summarizes the conventional strategies and microfluidic-based methods for exosome isolation along with their strengths and limitations. Microfluidic devices emerge as a promising approach to overcome the limitations of the conventional methods due to their inherent characteristics, such as the need for minute sample volume and rapid operation, in order to isolate exosomes with a high yield and a high purity in a short amount of time, which make them unprecedented tools for molecular biology and clinical applications. This review elaborates on the existing microfluidic-based exosome isolation methods and denotes their benefits and drawbacks. Herein, we also introduce various commercially available platforms and kits for exosome isolation along with their working principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedreza Zeibi Shirejini
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Inci
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
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Xi J, Zeng Z, Li X, Zhang X, Xu J. Expression and Diagnostic Value of tRNA-Derived Fragments Secreted by Extracellular Vesicles in Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4189-4199. [PMID: 34285510 PMCID: PMC8286722 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s320176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect the expression level of tRNA-derived fragments secreted by extracellular vesicles in hypopharyngeal cancer and explore the influence of tRNA-derived fragments on the occurrence of hypopharyngeal cancer and lung metastasis. METHODS After high-speed centrifugation, tRNA, which was extracted from the extracellular vesicles of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer and healthy subjects, was sequenced using microarrays. The expression of three differentially expressed tRNAs in hypopharyngeal cancer, healthy subjects, human normal laryngeal epithelial cells and hypopharyngeal cancer line was detected by qRT-PCR. The correlation between the upregulated tRNA, as identified by qRT-PCR, and the clinicopathological features of the non-lung metastatic patients was further analyzed. Finally, the expressions of upregulated tRNA were compared between the non-lung metastatic and lung metastatic patients. The risk factors of hypopharyngeal cancer with lung metastatic were identified by the Cox regression analysis. RESULTS By high-speed centrifugation, extracellular vesicles were extracted successfully. It was found that a variety of tRNAs in the extracellular vesicles from patients with hypopharyngeal cancer by sequencing. qRT-PCR validation indicated that tRF-1:30-Lys-CTT-1-M2 was significantly overexpressed in hypopharyngeal cancer patients and tumor cells, especially in lung metastatic patients. It was indicated that tRF-1:30-Lys-CTT-1-M2 overexpression was closely related to such pathological features as tumor staging, differentiation grade, smoking history and drinking history. According to the Cox regression analysis, stage III-IV, smoking history, drinking history and tRF-1:30-Lys-CTT-1-M2 overexpression were independent risk factors for metastasis of hypopharyngeal cancer. CONCLUSION tRF-1:30-Lys-CTT-1-M2 was overexpressed in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer and was identified as an independent risk factor for lung metastasis. It can be used as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and lung metastasis monitoring of hypopharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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Delivery of LNA-antimiR-142-3p by Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes to Breast Cancer Stem Cells Reduces Tumorigenicity. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:541-556. [PMID: 31898802 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09944-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, nano-sized cell-derived vesicles, have been employed as non-synthetic carriers of various pharmaceutics in numerous studies. As higher expression levels of miR-142-3p and miR-150 in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are associated with their clonogenic and tumorigenic capabilities, the present study aims to exploit the mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exo) to deliver LNA-antimiR-142-3p into MCF7-derived cancer stem-like cells to suppress expression levels of miR-142-3p and miR-150 in order to reduce clonogenicity and tumorigenicity. Our results indicated that the MSCs-Exo can efficiently deliver the LNA-antimiR-142-3p to breast cancer stem-like cells to reduce the miR-142-3p and miR-150 expression levels. Furthermore, the inhibition of the oncomiRs with the delivery of LNA-antimiR-142-3p resulted in a significant reduction of clone-formation and tumor-initiating abilities of the MCF7-derived cancer stem-like cells. In conclusion, we showed that MSCs-derived exosomes could be used as a feasible nanovehicles to deliver RNA-based therapeutics into BCSCs to improve the cancer treatment. HIGHLIGHTS: Exosomes secreted by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells efficiently transfer the LNA-antimiR-142-3p to breast cancer stem cells. Exosomes-mediated delivery of LNA-antimiR-142-3p to the breast cancer stem cells leads to downregulation of miR-142-3p and miR-150 and the overexpression of target genes. Delivery of LNA-antimiR-142-3p by the exosomes reduces the colony formation capability of breast cancer stem cells in vitro. Inhibition of miR-142-3p and miR-150 by the LNA-antimiR-142-3p loaded exosomes reduces the tumorigenicity of breast cancer stem cells in vivo.
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Ghoshal B, Bertrand E, Bhattacharyya SN. Non-canonical ago loading of EV-derived exogenous single stranded miRNA in recipient cells. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.253914. [PMID: 33785534 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.253914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs, the tiny regulators of gene expression, can be transferred between neighbouring cells via Extracellular Vesicles (EV) to control the expression of genes in both donor and recipient cells. How the EV-derived miRNAs get internalized and become functional in target cells is an unresolved question. We have expressed liver specific microRNA, miR-122, in non-hepatic cells for packaging in the released EVs. With these EVs, we have followed the trafficking of miR-122 to recipient HeLa cells that otherwise don't express this miRNA. We found that EV-associated miR-122 are primarily single stranded and, to become functional, get loaded onto the recipient cell Ago proteins without requiring host Dicer1. Following endocytosis, EV-associated miR-122 get loaded onto the host cell Ago on the endosomal membrane where the release of internalized miRNAs occurs in a pH-dependent manner facilitating the formation of the exogenous miRNP pool in the recipient cells. Endosome maturation defect affects EV-mediated entry of exogeneous miRNAs in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartika Ghoshal
- RNA Biology Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, India
| | - Edouard Bertrand
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Suvendra N Bhattacharyya
- RNA Biology Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, India
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Xiao J, Zhang H, Yang F, Xiao M, Zhou L, Yu R, Shao X, Ea V, Su L, Zhang X, Li X. Proteomic Analysis of Plasma sEVs Reveals That TNFAIP8 Is a New Biomarker of Cell Proliferation in Diabetic Retinopathy. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:1770-1782. [PMID: 33594895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from the plasma have been increasingly recognized as important vehicles of intercellular communication and potential sources of new biomarkers for multiple diseases. In this study, proteomic profiles of plasma sEVs from normal subjects and diabetic patients with or without diabetic retinopathy (DR) were systematically compared using iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics. Among a total of 901 identified proteins in plasma sEVs (false discovery rate (FDR) < 1%), 90 proteins were found to have significantly changed levels in DR. Based on the findings from the proteomic analysis, the role of tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) in promoting human retinal microvascular endothelial cell (HRMEC) proliferation was investigated. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that TNFAIP8 levels in plasma sEVs and vitreous are elevated in DR, whereas not statistically different in large EVs (lEVs) and plasma. In addition, in vitro experiments demonstrated that 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) increased the expression of TNFAIP8 in HRMECs. TNFAIP8 significantly increased HRMECs cell viability and promote cell migration and tube formation, and the depletion of TNFAIP8 impaired HRMEC proliferation. We demonstrated that TNFAIP8 in plasma sEVs could be used as a potential biomarker of DR. Functional studies suggested that TNFAIP8 might be an important mediator of angiogenesis in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Fuhua Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Mengran Xiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 119077 Singapore
| | - Rongguo Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xianfeng Shao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Vicki Ea
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Lin Su
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Tianjin 300384, China
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Zhang Y, Chen B, Xu N, Xu P, Lin W, Liu C, Huang P. Exosomes Promote the Transition of Androgen-Dependent Prostate Cancer Cells into Androgen-Independent Manner Through Up-Regulating the Heme Oxygenase-1. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:315-327. [PMID: 33469288 PMCID: PMC7811443 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s281710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is still considered incurable, even though the mechanisms of CRPC had been extensively researched. Studies have demonstrated that exosomes in the tumor microenvironment contribute to prostate cancer development and progression. However, the role of exosomes in the process of CRPC progression has not yet been determined. METHODS Co-culturing and exosome treatment assays combined with in vitro and in vivo assays were performed to determine the function of exosomes in the transformation of androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) cells into androgen-independent cells. Then, the mRNA expression profiles of ADPC cells and ADPC cells co-cultured with androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) cell-derived exosomes were studied using microarrays. After silencing the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies, and MTS assay were used to confirm the mechanisms of exosome participation in CRPC progression. RESULTS The results showed that ADPC cells acquired tolerance for androgen deprivation due to the exosome-mediated communication between cells. AIPC cell-derived exosomes promoted the transformation of ADPC cells into androgen-independent cells in vivo and in vitro. Microarray analysis revealed that HMOX1 in ADPC cells was up-regulated after treatment with AIPC cell-derived exosomes. Further results showed that HMOX1 is overexpressed in human AIPC specimens and protects ADPC cells from androgen deprivation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that exosomes contribute to CRPC progression via promoting the transition of prostate cancer cells into an androgen-independent growth stage by activating HMOX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binshen Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Naijin Xu
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Lin
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Zhuo C, Yi T, Pu J, Cen X, Zhou Y, Feng S, Wei C, Chen P, Wang W, Bao C, Wang J, Tang Q. Exosomal linc-FAM138B from cancer cells alleviates hepatocellular carcinoma progression via regulating miR-765. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:26236-26247. [PMID: 33401249 PMCID: PMC7803541 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles with a diameter of 30-150 nm secreted by cells, which can be used as signal carriers to transfer nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and other functional substances to the recipient cells and play a role in cell communication. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the development and progression of many types of tumors. Our present study found that linc-FAM138B was reduced in HCC tissues and cell lines, low expression of linc-FAM138B indicated a poor prognosis in HCC patients. Interestingly, linc-FAM138B could be packaged into cancer cells. And exo-FAM138B inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells. Furthermore, linc-FAM138B sponged miR-765 levels. And exo-si-FAM138B promoted HCC progression, while deletion of miR-765 reversed the role of exo-si-FAM138B. In vivo tumorigenesis experiments showed that exo-FAM138B suppressed HCC growth via modulating miR-765. In conclusion, exo-linc-FAM138B secreted by cancer cells inhibited HCC development via targeting miR-765, which provided a new idea and perspective for in-depth understanding of the complex signal regulation in HCC process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Zhuo
- General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of YouJiang Medical University For Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Tingzhuang Yi
- Gastrointestinal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of YouJiang Medical University For Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian Pu
- General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of YouJiang Medical University For Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoning Cen
- General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of YouJiang Medical University For Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- YouJiang Medical University For Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Shi Feng
- YouJiang Medical University For Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Cheng Wei
- YouJiang Medical University For Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- YouJiang Medical University For Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- YouJiang Medical University For Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Chongchan Bao
- YouJiang Medical University For Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianchu Wang
- General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of YouJiang Medical University For Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Qianli Tang
- YouJiang Medical University For Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
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10
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Dai E, Han L, Liu J, Xie Y, Kroemer G, Klionsky DJ, Zeh HJ, Kang R, Wang J, Tang D. Autophagy-dependent ferroptosis drives tumor-associated macrophage polarization via release and uptake of oncogenic KRAS protein. Autophagy 2020; 16:2069-2083. [PMID: 31920150 PMCID: PMC7595620 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1714209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in human neoplasia. Despite a large investment to understand the effects of KRAS mutation in cancer cells, the direct effects of the oncogenetic KRAS activation on immune cells remain elusive. Here, we report that extracellular KRASG12D is essential for pancreatic tumor-associated macrophage polarization. Oxidative stress induces KRASG12D protein release from cancer cells succumbing to autophagy-dependent ferroptosis. Extracellular KRASG12D packaged into exosomes then is taken up by macrophages through an AGER-dependent mechanism. KRASG12D causes macrophages to switch to an M2-like pro-tumor phenotype via STAT3-dependent fatty acid oxidation. Consequently, the disruption of KRASG12D release and uptake can abolish the macrophage-mediated stimulation of pancreatic adenocarcinomas in mouse models. Importantly, the level of KRASG12D expression in macrophages correlates with poor survival in pancreatic cancer patients. These findings not only identify extracellular KRASG12D as a key mediator of cancer cell-macrophage communication, but also provide a novel KRAS-targeted anticancer strategy. Abbreviations: DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern; PBMCMs, peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived macrophages; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; s.c., subcutaneously; TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages; TME, tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyong Dai
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangchun Xie
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université De Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre De Recherche Des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Pôle De Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Herbert J. Zeh
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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11
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Sinha N, Kumar V, Puri V, Nada R, Rastogi A, Jha V, Puri S. Urinary exosomes: Potential biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy. Nephrology (Carlton) 2020; 25:881-887. [PMID: 32323449 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the most common diabetic complication culminating often into end-stage renal disease. Classically, it is defined by the presence of albuminuria which has limited ability to be detected at early stages but deterioration in kidney function generally precedes albuminuria. This necessitates the development of newer diagnostic assays for diabetic nephropathy to determine the progression of the disease. Kidney associated diseases with non-albuminuria further complicates a timely diagnosis and thus demands an early biomarker. Urinary exosomes, the nanovesicular entities are released by every epithelial cells of the nephron. Their protein or molecular cargo varies in the diseased state which may provide the pathophysiology of the kidney associated diseases. This drives them to be exploited as non-invasive biomarker. This review thus integrates the recent findings on the significance of the urinary exosomes as diagnostic biomarker in kidney-associated diseases, primarily in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Sinha
- Centre for Stem Cell & Tissue Engineering and Excellence in Biomedical Sciences, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India.,Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Veena Puri
- Centre for Systems Biology & Bioinformatics, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ritambhra Nada
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashu Rastogi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vivekanand Jha
- George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, India. George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sanjeev Puri
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering & Technology (UIET), Punjab University, Chandigarh, India
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12
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Tailoring of cardiovascular stent material surface by immobilizing exosomes for better pro-endothelialization function. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 189:110831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Lin S, Yu Z, Chen D, Wang Z, Miao J, Li Q, Zhang D, Song J, Cui D. Progress in Microfluidics-Based Exosome Separation and Detection Technologies for Diagnostic Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1903916. [PMID: 31663295 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are secreted by most cell types and circulate in body fluids. Recent studies have revealed that exosomes play a significant role in intercellular communication and are closely associated with the pathogenesis of disease. Therefore, exosomes are considered promising biomarkers for disease diagnosis. However, exosomes are always mixed with other components of body fluids. Consequently, separation methods for exosomes that allow high-purity and high-throughput separation with a high recovery rate and detection techniques for exosomes that are rapid, highly sensitive, highly specific, and have a low detection limit are indispensable for diagnostic applications. For decades, many exosome separation and detection techniques have been developed to achieve the aforementioned goals. However, in most cases, these two techniques are performed separately, which increases operation complexity, time consumption, and cost. The emergence of microfluidics offers a promising way to integrate exosome separation and detection functions into a single chip. Herein, an overview of conventional and microfluidics-based techniques for exosome separation and detection is presented. Moreover, the advantages and drawbacks of these techniques are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Lin
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zixian Yu
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Di Chen
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jianmin Miao
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qichao Li
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Daoyuan Zhang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jie Song
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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14
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Hasanin AH, Matboli M, Seleem HS. Hesperidin suppressed hepatic precancerous lesions via modulation of exophagy in rats. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1295-1306. [PMID: 31489981 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The enormous cost of modern medicines warrants alternative strategies for the better management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently, exosomes have been shown to relay the oncogenic information through the horizontal transfer of RNAs between the cells. In this study, we modulated exosomal production and autophagy (exophagy) by the administration of hesperidin and evaluated its effect on the development of hepatic precancerous lesion (HPC) in rats. Diethylnitrosamine and 2-acetylaminofluorene were used in vivo to induce HPC in rats. Rats were allocated into five groups: naïve, HPC, and three hesperidin treated (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/d; orally) for 4 consecutive days per week for 16 weeks. Liver tissues and blood samples were collected for histopathological, immunohistochemical, and transmission electron microscope examinations, liver function, alfa-fetoprotein level, and isolation of exosomal and autophagy RNAs. Hesperidin administration showed hepato-protective effects and improved the microscopic hepatic features with a decrease in glutathione S-transferase placental precancerous foci and the abundance of exosomes in liver tissues. Hesperidin improved liver function with a significant decrease in alfa-fetoprotein levels. Hesperidin dose-dependently decreased exosomal RAB11A messsenger RNA and long noncoding RNA-RP11-583F2.2 along with the increase in exosomal miR-1298, involved in the exophagy process. In conclusion, hesperidin likely suppresses liver carcinogenesis in rat model via the modulation of exosomal secretion and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany H Hasanin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Matboli
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan S Seleem
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Cairo, Egypt.,Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine, Al Qassim University, Buraydah, KSA
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15
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Tavakoli Dargani Z, Singla DK. Embryonic stem cell-derived exosomes inhibit doxorubicin-induced TLR4-NLRP3-mediated cell death-pyroptosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H460-H471. [PMID: 31172809 PMCID: PMC6732475 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00056.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiac side effects are regulated through increased oxidative stress and apoptosis. However, it remains unknown whether Dox induces the specific inflammatory-mediated form of cell death called pyroptosis. The current study is undertaken to determine whether Dox induces pyroptosis in an in vitro model and to test the potential of exosomes derived from embryonic stem cells (ES-Exos) in inhibiting pyroptosis. H9c2 cells were exposed to Dox to generate pyroptosis and then subsequently treated with exosomes to investigate the protective effects of ES-Exos. Mouse embryonic fibroblast-exosomes (MEF-Exos) were used as a cell line control. We confirmed pyroptosis by analyzing the presence of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-pyrin domain containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome that initiates pyroptosis, which was further confirmed with pyroptotic markers caspase-1, IL-1β, caspase-11, and gasdermin-D. The presence of inflammation was confirmed for proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, and IL-6. Our data show that Dox exposure significantly (P < 0.05) increases expression of TLR4, NLRP3, pyroptotic markers (caspase-1, IL-1β, caspase-11, and gasdermin-D), and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in H9c2 cells. The increased expression of inflammasome, pyroptosis, and inflammation was significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited by ES-Exos. Interestingly, our cell line control, MEF-Exos, did not show any protective effects. Furthermore, our cytokine array data suggest increased anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-9, and IL-13) and decreased proinflammatory cytokines (Fas ligand, IL-12, and TNF-α) in ES-Exos, suggesting that anti-inflammatory cytokines might be mediating the protective effects of ES-Exos. In conclusion, our data show that Dox induces pyroptotic cell death in the H9c2 cell culture model and is attenuated via treatment with ES-Exos.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiotoxicity is mediated through increased oxidative stress, apoptosis, and necrosis. We report for the first time as per the best of our knowledge that Dox initiates Toll-like receptor 4 and pyrin domain containing-3 inflammasome formation and induces caspase-1-mediated inflammatory pyroptotic cell death in H9c2 cells. Moreover, we establish that inflammation and pyroptosis is inhibited by embryonic stem cell-derived exosomes that could be used as a future therapeutic option to treat Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tavakoli Dargani
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Dinender K Singla
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
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16
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Jiang N, Pan J, Fang S, Zhou C, Han Y, Chen J, Meng X, Jin X, Gong Z. Liquid biopsy: Circulating exosomal long noncoding RNAs in cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 495:331-337. [PMID: 31054913 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite many advances in diagnostics and multimodal treatment (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy), cancer still remains one of the most important public health challenges worldwide because of the associated morbidity and mortality. Liquid biopsy has been developed to detect cancer at an early stage based on minimally invasive and serial body fluid tests with the advantage of following tumor evolution in real time. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating cell-free noncoding RNAs (cfRNAs) and circulating exosomes represent the major components of liquid biopsy analysis. Liquid biopsy already has been implemented in cancer management, and most studies thus far are mainly focused on CTCs and ctDNA. In fact, the circulating long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in exosomes have been discovered and confirmed to be closely related to tumorigenesis, metastasis and therapy. Thus this review is mainly focused on the clinical potential of circulating exosomal lncRNAs as a source of liquid biopsy biomarkers in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment, offering novel insights into the precision medicine of oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jinchang Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shuai Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chengwei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Yinzhou Renmin Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Yinzhou Renmin Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Xiaodan Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhaohui Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China.
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17
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Liu SY. Role of exosomes in pathogenesis, progression, diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2019; 27:330-335. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v27.i5.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanovesicles that may play a role in intercellular communication by acting as carriers of functional contents such as proteins, lipids, RNA molecules, and circulating DNA between cells. In addition, exosomes may play a potential role in immunosurveillance and tumor pathogenesis and progression. Recently, research has increasingly focused on the role of exosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver malignancy. In addition to their diagnostic value in HCC, exosomes are also involved in different mechanisms of HCC pathogenesis and progression including angiogenesis and immune escape. Moreover, exosomes have been demonstrated to change the tumor microenvironment to a less tolerogenic state, favoring immune response and tumor suppression. These results underline a practical and potentially feasible role of exosomes in the treatment of patients with HCC, both as a target and a vehicle for drug design. Future studies need to further elucidate the exact role and reliability of exosomes as screening, diagnosis, and treatment targets in patients with HCC. We herein review the data on emerging experimental and clinical studies that focused on the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis, progression, diagnosis, and therapy response of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ye Liu
- Medical Testing Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
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18
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Chen F, Wang N, Tan HY, Guo W, Zhang C, Feng Y. The functional roles of exosomes-derived long non-coding RNA in human cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:583-592. [PMID: 30739532 PMCID: PMC6605993 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1564562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most pervasive causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide regardless of the fact that a majority of therapeutic strategies have been constantly invented. The survival rate of cancer patients remains unsatisfactory due to the late diagnosis, frequent metastasis and poor response to chemotherapeutics. Therefore, novel methods with high specificity and susceptibility for prompt diagnosis and precise treatment of cancer are imperative. Circulating RNA is located in bodily fluids, including urine, saliva, breast milk and naturally present in blood. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a subset of non-coding RNAs are discovered to be differentially expressed in a variety of cancers. LncRNAs have been broadly recognized as emerging mediators for cancer behavior. Presence of lncRNA in circulation can be cell-free or encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by cancer cells. The release of EVs, especially exosomes, with 40-120 nm diameter in size, has been implicated in the regulation of malignancies as carriers for nucleic acid cargo through intercellular transfer. Therefore, systematic understanding of the role of exosomal lncRNAs in carcinogenesis may offer ideal diagnostic and prognostic biomarker or even therapeutic targets for malignancies. Herein, the underlying functional roles of exosomal lncRNAs in regulating tumor progression, immunomodulation as well as drug resistance will be elaborated. Lastly, the importance of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer study will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Mariscal J, Fernandez-Puente P, Calamia V, Abalo A, Santacana M, Matias-Guiu X, Lopez-Lopez R, Gil-Moreno A, Alonso-Alconada L, Abal M. Proteomic Characterization of Epithelial-Like Extracellular Vesicles in Advanced Endometrial Cancer. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1043-1053. [PMID: 30585730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most frequent gynecological cancer. Tumor dissemination affecting ∼20% of EC patients is characterized at the primary carcinoma by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) associated with myometrial infiltration. At distant sites, the interaction of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with the microenvironment is crucial for metastatic colonization, with a participation of the extracellular vesicles (EVs). We comprehensively approached these primary and secondary sites to study the impact of tumor EVs on the metastatic efficiency of CTCs in EC. Tumor EVs in circulation reproduce the epithelial phenotype predominant in the primary carcinoma, whereas CTCs are characterized by an EMT phenotype. We modeled this EMT-related clinical scenario in the Hec1A endometrial cell line and characterized the epithelial-like EVs in circulation by SILAC proteome analysis. The identification of proteins involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction and binding, together with in vitro evidence of an improved adhesion of CTC to a functionalized endothelium, suggests a contribution of the epithelial-like EVs in the homing of CTCs at metastatic sites. Accordingly, adhesion protein LGALS3BP was found to be significantly enriched in circulating EVs from a cohort of EC patients with a high risk of recurrence by targeted proteomics (multiple reaction monitoring), highlighting its potential in liquid biopsy in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Mariscal
- Translational Medical Oncology, CIBERONC, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS) , University Hospital of Santiago (SERGAS) , Santiago de Compostela 15706 , Spain
| | - Patricia Fernandez-Puente
- Proteomics Group-PBR2-ProteoRed/ISCIII, Rheumatology Division, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC) , University Hospital A Coruña (SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña , A Coruña 15006 , Spain
| | - Valentina Calamia
- Proteomics Group-PBR2-ProteoRed/ISCIII, Rheumatology Division, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC) , University Hospital A Coruña (SERGAS), Universidade da Coruña , A Coruña 15006 , Spain
| | - Alicia Abalo
- Translational Medical Oncology, CIBERONC, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS) , University Hospital of Santiago (SERGAS) , Santiago de Compostela 15706 , Spain
| | - Maria Santacana
- Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova , University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, CIBERONC , Lleida 08080 , Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova , University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, CIBERONC , Lleida 08080 , Spain
| | - Rafael Lopez-Lopez
- Translational Medical Oncology, CIBERONC, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS) , University Hospital of Santiago (SERGAS) , Santiago de Compostela 15706 , Spain
| | - Antonio Gil-Moreno
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) , Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, CIBERONC , Barcelona 08035 , Spain
| | - Lorena Alonso-Alconada
- Translational Medical Oncology, CIBERONC, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS) , University Hospital of Santiago (SERGAS) , Santiago de Compostela 15706 , Spain
| | - Miguel Abal
- Translational Medical Oncology, CIBERONC, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS) , University Hospital of Santiago (SERGAS) , Santiago de Compostela 15706 , Spain
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Ju Q, Zhao L, Gao J, Zhou L, Xu Y, Sun Y, Zhao X. Mutant p53 increases exosome-mediated transfer of miR-21-3p and miR-769-3p to promote pulmonary metastasis. Chin J Cancer Res 2019; 31:533-546. [PMID: 31354222 PMCID: PMC6613506 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2019.03.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Tumor metastasis is a complex, multistep process that depends on tumor cells and their communication with the tumor microenvironment. A p53 gain-of-function mutant has been shown to enhance the tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis abilities of tumor cells. This study aimed to investigate the roles of p53 R273H mutation in the tumor microenvironment. Methods The in vitro and in vivo effects of the p53 R273H mutant on the invasion and metastasis of HCT116 cells were investigated. Exosomes from wild-type and HCT116-TP53(R273H) cells were cocultured with mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). The roles of differentially expressed exosomal microRNAs identified by microarray analysis were investigated. The functions of the p53 R273H mutant in tumor cells were also investigated via gene expression microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses.
Results Introducing p53 R273H mutant into HCT116 cells significantly potentiated pulmonary metastasis in vivo. In the presence of exosomes derived from HCT116-TP53(R273H) cells, the exosomes were taken up by MEFs and became activated. Microarray analysis showed that the p53 R273H mutation increased the exosomal levels of miR-21-3p and miR-769-3p. Intriguingly, in clinical samples, miR-21-3p and miR-769-3p levels were significantly higher in patients with a p53 mutation than in those without this mutation. Furthermore, both miR-21-3p and miR-769-3p activated fibroblasts and exerted a synergistic effect via their target genes on the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway. The activated fibroblasts excreted cytokine TGF-β and may have reciprocally induced cancer cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Indeed, HCT116-TP53(R273H) cells showed increased expression of ZEB1 and SNAI2 and decreased transcription of several cell adhesion molecules.
Conclusions The mutant p53-exosomal miR-21-3p/miR-769-3p-fibroblast-cytokine circuit appears to be responsible for communication between tumor and stromal cells, with exosomal miRNAs acting as a bridge. miR-21-3p and miR-769-3p are potential predictive markers of pulmonary metastasis and candidate targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jiajia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lanping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yulin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiaohang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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21
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Naseri Z, Oskuee RK, Jaafari MR, Forouzandeh Moghadam M. Exosome-mediated delivery of functionally active miRNA-142-3p inhibitor reduces tumorigenicity of breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7727-7747. [PMID: 30538455 PMCID: PMC6251455 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s182384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes, widely recognized natural nanovesicles, represent one of the recently discovered modes of intercellular communication due to their ability to transmit crucial cellular information that can be engineered to have robust delivery and targeting capacity. MiR-142-3p, one of the upregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in many types of breast cancer, activates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and transactivates the miR-150 expression, and results in the hyperproliferation of cancer cells in vitro and mammary glands in vivo. Materials and methods In this study, we exploited the exosomes isolated from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs-Exo) to deliver LNA (locked nucleic acid)-modified anti-miR-142-3p oligonucleotides to suppress the expression level of miR-142-3p and miR-150 in 4T1 and TUBO breast cancer cell lines. Results The in vitro results showed that the MSCs-Exo can efficiently deliver anti-miR-142-3p to reduce the miR-142-3p and miR-150 levels and increase the transcription of the regulatory target genes, APC and P2X7R. We also evaluated in vivo distribution of the MSCs-Exo in tumor-bearing mice. The in vivo result indicated that MSCs-Exo can penetrate the tumor site and are suitable nanovehicles to deliver the inhibitory oligonucleotides into the tumor tissues to downregulate the expression levels of miR-142-3p and miR-150. Conclusion We showed that MSCs-derived exosomes could be used as a feasible nanovehicle to deliver drug molecules like LNA-anti-miR-142-3p in both in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Naseri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, .,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,
| | - Mehdi Forouzandeh Moghadam
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,
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22
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Xu M, Saxena N, Vrana M, Zhang H, Kumar V, Billington S, Khojasteh C, Heyward S, Unadkat JD, Prasad B. Targeted LC-MS/MS Proteomics-Based Strategy To Characterize in Vitro Models Used in Drug Metabolism and Transport Studies. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11873-11882. [PMID: 30204418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Subcellular fractionation of tissue homogenate provides enriched in vitro models (e.g., microsomes, cytosol, or membranes), which are routinely used in the drug metabolism or transporter activity and protein abundance studies. However, batch-to-batch or interlaboratory variability in the recovery, enrichment, and purity of the subcellular fractions can affect performance of in vitro models leading to inaccurate in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) of drug clearance. To evaluate the quality of subcellular fractions, we developed a simple, targeted, and sensitive LC-MS/MS proteomics-based strategy, which relies on determination of protein markers of various cellular organelles, i.e., plasma membrane, cytosol, nuclei, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, peroxisomes, cytoskeleton, and exosomes. Application of the quantitative proteomics method confirmed a significant effect of processing variables (i.e., homogenization method and centrifugation speed) on the recovery, enrichment, and purity of isolated proteins in microsomes and cytosol. Particularly, markers of endoplasmic reticulum lumen and mitochondrial lumen were enriched in the cytosolic fractions as a result of their release during homogenization. Similarly, the relative recovery and composition of the total membrane fraction isolated from cell vs tissue samples was quantitatively different and should be considered in IVIVE. Further, analysis of exosomes isolated from sandwich-cultured hepatocyte media showed the effect of culture duration on compositions of purified exosomes. Therefore, the quantitative proteomics-based strategy developed here can be applied for efficient and simultaneous determination of multiple protein markers of various cellular organelles when compared to antibody- or activity-based assays and can be used for quality control of subcellular fractionation procedures including in vitro model development for drug metabolism and transport studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210029 , China
| | - Neha Saxena
- Department of Pharmaceutics , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Marc Vrana
- Department of Pharmaceutics , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Haeyoung Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Sarah Billington
- Department of Pharmaceutics , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Cyrus Khojasteh
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department , Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | | | - Jashvant D Unadkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutics , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
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23
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A Comparison of Traditional and Novel Methods for the Separation of Exosomes from Human Samples. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3634563. [PMID: 30148165 PMCID: PMC6083592 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3634563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are discrete populations of small (40-200 nm in diameter) membranous vesicles that are released into the extracellular space by most cell types, eventually accumulating in the circulation. As molecular messengers, exosomes exert a broad array of vital physiologic functions by transporting information between different cell types. Because of these functional properties, they may have potential as biomarker sources for prognostic and diagnostic disease. Recent research has found that exosomes have potential to be utilized as drug delivery agents for therapeutic targets. However, basic researches on exosomes and researches on their therapeutic potential both require the existence of effective and rapid methods for their separation from human samples. In the current absence of a standardized method, there are several methods available for the separation of exosomes, but very few studies have previously compared the efficiency and suitability of these different methods. This review summarized and compared the available traditional and novel methods for the extraction of exosomes from human samples and considered their advantages and disadvantages for use in clinical laboratories and point-of-care settings.
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24
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Cheruiyot C, Pataki Z, Ramratnam B, Li M. Proteomic Analysis of Exosomes and Its Application in HIV-1 Infection. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 12:e1700142. [PMID: 29687643 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are 30-100 nm extracellular vesicles secreted from late endosomes by various types of cells. Numerous studies have suggested that exosomes play significant roles in human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) biogenesis. Proteomics coupled with exosome fractionation has been successfully used to identify various exosomal proteins and helped to uncover the interactions between exosomes and HIV-1. To inform the current progress in the intersection of exosome, proteomics, and HIV-1, this review is focused on: i) analyzing different exosome isolation, purification methods, and their implications in HIV-1 studies; ii) evaluating the roles of various proteomic techniques in defining exosomal contents; iii) discussing the research and clinical applications of proteomics and exosome in HIV-1 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collins Cheruiyot
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Retrovirology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Zemplen Pataki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Retrovirology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Bharat Ramratnam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Retrovirology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.,Centers of Biomedical Research Excellence, Center for Cancer Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.,Clinical Research Center of Lifespan, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Retrovirology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
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25
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Yang N, Li S, Li G, Zhang S, Tang X, Ni S, Jian X, Xu C, Zhu J, Lu M. The role of extracellular vesicles in mediating progression, metastasis and potential treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3683-3695. [PMID: 27713136 PMCID: PMC5356911 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. As vectors for intercellular information exchange, the potential role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in HCC formation, progression and therapy has been widely investigated. In this review, we explore the current status of the researches in this field. Altogether there is undeniable evidence that EVs play a crucial role in HCC development, metastasis. Moreover, EVs have shown great potential as drug delivery systems (DDSs) for the treatment of HCC. Exosomal miRNAs derived from HCC cells can enhance transformed cell growth in recipient cells by modulating the expression of transforming growth factor-β activated kinase-1(TAK1) and downstream signaling molecules. Furthermore, vacuolar protein sortin 4 homolog A(VPS4A) and insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-1 regulate exosome-mediated miRNAs transfer. Immune cells- derived EVs containing integrin αMβ2 or CD147 may facilitate HCC metastasis. In addition, EVs-mediated shuttle of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), specifically linc- VLDLR and linc-ROR promote chemoresistance of malignant cells. Heat shock proteins (HSPs)-harboring exosomes derived from HCC tumor cells increase the antitumor effect of natural killer (NK) cells, thus enhancing HCC immunotherapy. Indeed, inhibition of HCC tumor growth has been associated with tumor cell-derived exosomes (TEX)-pulsed dentritic cells (DCs). Exosomes are also essential in liver metastasis during colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). Therefore, as nucleic acid and drug delivery vehicles, EVs show a tremendous potential for effective treatment against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naibin Yang
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Institute of Liver Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guoxiang Li
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Shengguo Zhang
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Institute of Liver Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Tang
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Institute of Liver Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shunlan Ni
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Institute of Liver Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Jian
- Department of The First Clinical Medical, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cunlai Xu
- Department of Respiration, Lishui People's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Jiayin Zhu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingqin Lu
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Institute of Liver Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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26
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Moris D, Beal EW, Chakedis J, Burkhart RA, Schmidt C, Dillhoff M, Zhang X, Theocharis S, Pawlik TM. Role of exosomes in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Surg Oncol 2017; 26:219-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Berardocco M, Radeghieri A, Busatto S, Gallorini M, Raggi C, Gissi C, D'Agnano I, Bergese P, Felsani A, Berardi AC. RNA-seq reveals distinctive RNA profiles of small extracellular vesicles from different human liver cancer cell lines. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82920-82939. [PMID: 29137313 PMCID: PMC5669939 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer (LC) is one of the most common cancers and represents the third highest cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Extracellular vesicle (EVs) cargoes, which are selectively enriched in RNA, offer great promise for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of LC. Our study analyzed the RNA cargoes of EVs derived from 4 liver-cancer cell lines: HuH7, Hep3B, HepG2 (hepato-cellular carcinoma) and HuH6 (hepatoblastoma), generating two different sets of sequencing libraries for each. One library was size-selected for small RNAs and the other targeted the whole transcriptome. Here are reported genome wide data of the expression level of coding and non-coding transcripts, microRNAs, isomiRs and snoRNAs providing the first comprehensive overview of the extracellular-vesicle RNA cargo released from LC cell lines. The EV-RNA expression profiles of the four liver cancer cell lines share a similar background, but cell-specific features clearly emerge showing the marked heterogeneity of the EV-cargo among the individual cell lines, evident both for the coding and non-coding RNA species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Berardocco
- U.O.C. of Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Spirito Santo Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Radeghieri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Busatto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Raggi
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Clarissa Gissi
- U.O.C. of Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Spirito Santo Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - Igea D'Agnano
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Armando Felsani
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Monterotondo, Italy.,Genomnia Srl, Bresso, Italy
| | - Anna C Berardi
- U.O.C. of Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Spirito Santo Hospital, Pescara, Italy
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28
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Tang YT, Huang YY, Zheng L, Qin SH, Xu XP, An TX, Xu Y, Wu YS, Hu XM, Ping BH, Wang Q. Comparison of isolation methods of exosomes and exosomal RNA from cell culture medium and serum. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:834-844. [PMID: 28737826 PMCID: PMC5548045 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles and are abundant in biological fluids; they contain RNA molecules which may serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers in 'precision medicine'. To promote the clinical application of exosomal RNA (exoRNA), many isolation methods must be compared and validated. Exosomes in cell culture medium (CCM) and serum may be isolated using ultracentrifugation (UC), ExoQuick or Total Exosome Isolation Reagent (TEI), and exoRNA may be extracted using TRIzol-LS, SeraMir, Total Exosome RNA Isolation (TER), HiPure Liquid RNA/miRNA kit (HLR), miRNeasy or exoRNeasy. ExoRNA was assessed using NanoDrop, Bioanalyzer 2100, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and high-throughput sequencing. UC showed the lowest recovery of particles, but the highest protein purity for exosome isolation. For isolation of exoRNA, we found that combinations of the TEI and TER methods resulted in high extraction efficiency and purity of small RNA obtained using CCM. High yield and a narrow size distribution pattern of small RNA were shown in exoRNA isolated by exoRNeasy from serum. In RNA profile analysis, the small RNA constituent ratio, miRNA content and amount varied as a result of methodological differences. This study showed that different methods may introduce variations in the concentration, purity and size of exosomes and exoRNA. Herein we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method and their application to different materials, therefore providing a reference according to research design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ting Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Yao Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Si-Hua Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Ping Xu
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Tai-Xue An
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Song Wu
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Mei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Hong Ping
- Department of Hui Qiao, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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29
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Multifunctional nanocatalyst-based ultrasensitive detection of human tissue transglutaminase 2. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 83:85-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Zhang XX, Min XC, Xu XL, Zheng M, Guo LJ. ZD7288, a selective hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel blocker, inhibits hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:779-86. [PMID: 27335562 PMCID: PMC4904469 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.182705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel blocker 4-(N-ethyl-N-phenylamino)-1,2-dimethyl-6-(methylamino) pyrimidinium chloride (ZD7288) blocks the induction of long-term potentiation in the perforant path–CA3 region in rat hippocampus in vivo. To explore the mechanisms underlying the action of ZD7288, we recorded excitatory postsynaptic potentials in perforant path–CA3 synapses in male Sprague-Dawley rats. We measured glutamate content in the hippocampus and in cultured hippocampal neurons using high performance liquid chromatography, and determined intracellular Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i) using Fura-2. ZD7288 inhibited the induction and maintenance of long-term potentiation, and these effects were mirrored by the nonspecific HCN channel blocker cesium. ZD7288 also decreased glutamate release in hippocampal tissue and in cultured hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, ZD7288 attenuated glutamate-induced rises in [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner and reversed 8-Br-cAMP-mediated facilitation of these glutamate-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Our results suggest that ZD7288 inhibits hippocampal synaptic plasticity both glutamate release and resultant [Ca2+]i increases in rat hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xue Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Pu'ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Min
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Pu'ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xu-Lin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Min Zheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lian-Jun Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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31
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Chen JG, Deng JH, He M. Isolation and identification of exosomes of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:737-743. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i5.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To seek a new method for isolating and purifying exosomes from the supernatants of cultured human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
METHODS: Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells SMMC-7721 were cultured to adapt to continuous serum-free culture, and the culture supernatants were collected. Exosomes derived from SMMC-7721 were isolated and purified from the supernatants by improved ultracentrifugation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the morphology of isolated exosomes. Particle size of exosomes was detected with Nanosight technology. Western blot analysis was used to examine CD63, CD9, and Alix exosomal protein expression and SDS-PAGE was used for exosomal protein analysis.
RESULTS: The isolated exosomes were round or oval in shape under TEM. The peak diameter of exosomes was 122 nm, and particles with a diameter between 30-150 nm accounted for 72.16%. The expression of Alix, CD63 and CD9 could be detected in the supernatants of cultured cells and isolated exosomes. SDS-PAGE showed that the abundant macromolecular structure proteins were significantly less in exosomes than in SMMC-7721 cells.
CONCLUSION: Continuous adaptation to serum-free culture combined with improved ultracentrifugation can be used to isolate and purify exosomes efficiently. This is helpful for further study of exosome markers of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
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32
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Grindheim AK, Hollås H, Raddum AM, Saraste J, Vedeler A. Reactive oxygen species exert opposite effects on Tyr23 phosphorylation of the nuclear and cortical pools of annexin A2. J Cell Sci 2015; 129:314-28. [PMID: 26644180 PMCID: PMC4732284 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.173195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is a multi-functional and -compartmental protein whose subcellular localisation and functions are tightly regulated by its post-translational modifications. AnxA2 and its Tyr23-phosphorylated form (pTyr23AnxA2) are involved in malignant cell transformation, metastasis and angiogenesis. Here, we show that H2O2 exerts rapid, simultaneous and opposite effects on the Tyr23 phosphorylation status of AnxA2 in two distinct compartments of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Reactive oxygen species induce dephosphorylation of pTyr23AnxA2 located in the PML bodies of the nucleus, whereas AnxA2 associated with F-actin at the cell cortex is Tyr23 phosphorylated. The H2O2-induced responses in both compartments are transient and the pTyr23AnxA2 accumulating at the cell cortex is subsequently incorporated into vesicles and then released to the extracellular space. Blocking nuclear export by leptomycin B does not affect the nuclear pool of pTyr23AnxA2, but increases the amount of total AnxA2 in this compartment, indicating that the protein might have several functions in the nucleus. These results suggest that Tyr23 phosphorylation can regulate the function of AnxA2 at distinct subcellular sites. Summary: Reactive oxygen species cause two opposite and transient Tyr23-based modifications of annexin A2; its dephosphorylation in the nucleus and phosphorylation at the cell cortex, resulting in release of the protein in exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Kari Grindheim
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen N-5009, Norway Molecular Imaging Center (MIC), University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen N-5009, Norway
| | - Hanne Hollås
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen N-5009, Norway
| | - Aase M Raddum
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen N-5009, Norway
| | - Jaakko Saraste
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen N-5009, Norway Molecular Imaging Center (MIC), University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen N-5009, Norway
| | - Anni Vedeler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen N-5009, Norway
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33
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Systematic review of factors influencing extracellular vesicle yield from cell cultures. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:579-92. [PMID: 26433593 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential therapeutic utility of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has spawned an interest into a scalable production, where the quantity and purity of EV samples is sufficient for clinical applications. EVs can be isolated using several different protocols; however, these isolation protocols and the subsequent methods of quantifying the resulting EV yield have not been sufficiently standardized. Therefore, the possibility of comparing different studies with respect to these parameters is limited. In this review, we have presented factors that might influence the yield and function of EVs from cell culture supernatants. The methods of isolation, downstream quantification, and culture conditions of the EV producing cells have been discussed. In order to examine the inter-study coherency of EV yields, 259 studies were initially screened, and 46 studies were included for extensive downstream analysis of EV yields where information pertaining to the isolation protocols and quantification methods was obtained from each study. Several other factors influencing yield were compared, such as cell type producing EVs, cell confluence level, and cell stimulation. In conclusion, various factors may impact the resulting EV yield, including technical aspects such as EV isolation and quantification procedures, and biological aspects such as cell type and culture conditions. The reflections presented in this review might aid in future standardization of the workflow in EV research.
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Zlotogorski-Hurvitz A, Dayan D, Chaushu G, Salo T, Vered M. Morphological and molecular features of oral fluid-derived exosomes: oral cancer patients versus healthy individuals. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 142:101-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Milosevits G, Szebeni J, Krol S. Exosomes: potential model for complement-stealth delivery systems. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/ejnm-2015-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractExosomes are nature’s nanocarriers that transport biological information in humans. Their structural properties, origin and functions are making them interesting objects for the diagnosis of diseases, such as cancer, and also, as innovative tools for drug delivery. The interaction of exosomes with the immune system has been one of the focal points of interest; nevertheless their “stealth” properties helping to avoid adverse immune reactions are still not fully understood. In this review, after giving an overview of recent findings on the role of exosomes in disease pathogenesis and physiological functions, we focused on their interaction with the immune system and possibilities for clinical applications. The potential of exosomes of creating stealth nanoparticles that are better tolerated by the immune system than the presently available synthetic drug delivery systems represent a promising new approach in nanomedicine.
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Pancreatic cancer derived exosomes regulate the expression of TLR4 in dendritic cells via miR-203. Cell Immunol 2014; 292:65-9. [PMID: 25290620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are aberrant in many human tumors which can be transferred to immune cells by tumor-derived exosomes. Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in activation of immune response. However, the effect of tumor-derived exosomes on toll-like receptor (TLR) in DCs remains unclear. We investigated the influence of pancreatic cancer derived exosomes on TLR4, and downstream cytokines via miR-203. Our results showed that miR-203 expressed in panc-1 cells and exosomes, and upregulated in exosomes-treated DCs. TLR4 decreased after treatment of exosomes and miR-203 mimics, while increased in exosomes-treated DCs by miR-203 inhibitors. But the mRNA level of TLR4 was not significantly different between DCs and exosomes-treated DCs. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) also decreased under treatment of exosomes and miR-203 mimics, both of which increased in exosomes-treated DCs by miR-203 inhibitors. Collectively, pancreatic cancer derived exosomes downregulate TLR4 and downstream cytokines in DCs via miR-203.
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