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Kosmalski M, Frankowski R, Deska K, Różycka-Kosmalska M, Pietras T. Exploring the Impact of Nutrition on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Management: Unveiling the Roles of Various Foods, Food Components, and Compounds. Nutrients 2023; 15:2838. [PMID: 37447164 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need to introduce standardized treatment options for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to its global prevalence and the complications of this disease. Many studies have revealed that food-derived substances may be beneficial in dealing with this disease. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate the recently published studies on the food-derived treatment options for NAFLD. A comprehensive search of the PubMed database using keywords such as "NAFLD", "nutrition", "food", "derived", "therapy", and "guidelines" yielded 219 relevant papers for our analysis, published from 2004 to 2023. The results show the significant benefits of food-derived treatment in NAFLD therapy, including improvements in liver histology, hepatic fat amounts, anthropometric measures, lipid profile, and other metabolic measures. The availability of the substances discussed makes them a significant adjuvant in the treatment of this disease. The usefulness of Viusid as additional therapy to diet and physical activity should be emphasized due to improvements in liver histology; however, many other substances lead to a decrease in liver fat amounts including, e.g., berberine or omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, the synbiotic Protexin seems to be useful in terms of NAFLD treatment, especially because it is effective in both obese and lean subjects. Based on the latest research results, we suggest revising the therapeutic recommendations for patients suffering from NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kosmalski
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Frankowski
- Students' Research Club, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kacper Deska
- Students' Research Club, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Tadeusz Pietras
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
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Frankowski R, Kobierecki M, Wittczak A, Różycka-Kosmalska M, Pietras T, Sipowicz K, Kosmalski M. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, and Metabolic Repercussions: The Vicious Cycle and Its Interplay with Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119677. [PMID: 37298632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic-related disorders, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), has been increasing. Therefore, developing improved methods for the prevention, treatment, and detection of these two conditions is also necessary. In this study, our primary focus was on examining the role of chronic inflammation as a potential link in the pathogenesis of these diseases and their interconnections. A comprehensive search of the PubMed database using keywords such as "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease", "type 2 diabetes mellitus", "chronic inflammation", "pathogenesis", and "progression" yielded 177 relevant papers for our analysis. The findings of our study revealed intricate relationships between the pathogenesis of NAFLD and DM2, emphasizing the crucial role of inflammatory processes. These connections involve various molecular functions, including altered signaling pathways, patterns of gene methylation, the expression of related peptides, and up- and downregulation of several genes. Our study is a foundational platform for future research into the intricate relationship between NAFLD and DM2, allowing for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the potential for introducing new treatment standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Frankowski
- Students' Research Club, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kobierecki
- Students' Research Club, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wittczak
- Students' Research Club, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Tadeusz Pietras
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kasper Sipowicz
- Department of Interdisciplinary Disability Studies, The Maria Grzegorzewska University in Warsaw, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kosmalski
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
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3
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Ruiqi L, Ming P, Qihang S, Yangyang L, Junli C, Wei L, Chao G, Xinyue L, Kang Y, Hongtao Y. Saikosaponin D Inhibits Peritoneal Fibrosis in Rats With Renal Failure by Regulation of TGFβ1/ BMP7 / Gremlin1/ Smad Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:628671. [PMID: 34721005 PMCID: PMC8555629 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.628671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) can improve the quality of life of patients with kidney disease and prolong survival. However, peritoneal fibrosis can often occur and lead to PD withdrawal. Therefore, it is imperative to better understand how to inhibit and slow down progression of peritoneal fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of Saikosaponin d (SSD), a monomer extracted from the plant Bupleurum, on peritoneal fibrosis and the contribution of TGFβ1/BMP7/Gremlin1 pathway cross-talk in this process. To this aim, we used a model 5/6 nephrectomy and peritoneal fibrosis in rats. Rats were divided into four groups, namely a control group (saline administration); a model group (dialysate administration; group M); a SSD group (dialysate and SSD administration); and a positive drug group (dialysate and Benazepril Hydrochloride administration; group M + A). Histological analysis indicated that peritoneal fibrosis occurred in all groups. WB, ELISA, and PCR essays suggested that TGFβ1 and Gremlin1 levels in group M were significantly higher than those in group C, whereas BMP7 expression was significantly lower. TGFβ1, Gremlin1 and BMP7 levels were significantly lower in the group where SSD was administered than in the other groups. The expression of BMP7 in SSD group was significantly increased. In addition, levels of Smad1/5/8 as assessed by PCR, and levels of p-Smad1/5/8 expression as assessed by WB were also significantly higher in the SSD group than in the M group. Expression of vimentin and α-SMA, two important markers of fibrosis, was also significantly decreased. Our study suggests a role for the TGFβ1/BMP7/Gremlin1/Smad pathway in peritoneal fibrosis with potential therapeutic implications. Finally, our results also suggest that the monomer SSD may be able to reverse peritoneal fibrosis via regulation of the TGFβ1/BMP7/Gremlin1/Smad pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Ruiqi
- Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Pei Ming
- Renal Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Su Qihang
- Renal Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Yangyang
- Renal Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Junli
- Renal Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Renal Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Gao Chao
- Renal Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Liu Xinyue
- Renal Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Kang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Hongtao
- Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Wei S, Sun Y, Wang L, Zhang T, Hu W, Bao W, Mao L, Chen J, Li H, Wen Y, Chen Z. Hyperoside suppresses BMP-7-dependent PI3K/AKT pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1233. [PMID: 34532370 PMCID: PMC8421975 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background New therapeutics for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are urgently needed and searching for new anti-cancer compounds in plant medicines may represent a promising approach. The present study was conducted to clarify the role of hyperoside (HP) and its underlying molecular mechanism in a cancer cell. Methods Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) protein expression was measure in Human HCC tissue. In in vitro experiments, HP effects on cell proliferation and the mechanism were investigated deeply. Results The result showed a higher expression of BMP-7 in human HCC compared to adjacent noncancerous counterparts, and that silencing of BMP-7 suppressed HepG2 cell proliferation, suggesting BMP-7 plays an anti-cancer role in HCC. Furthermore, we found that HP could induce cell cycle arrest in proliferating HepG2 cells at the G1 phase by decreasing BMP-7 expression and that the phosphorylation of AKT and expression of PI3K were significantly down-regulated upon treatment of HP or BMP-7 knockdown. In addition, silencing of BMP-7 abrogated the difference of AKT phosphorylation between cells with and without HP treatment. Conclusions Our results indicated that HP suppressed cell proliferation by inhibiting the BMP-7-dependent PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in HepG2 HCC cells, and either HP supplement or targeting BMP-7 might be a promising treatment against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianfang Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wendi Hu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wangxiao Bao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinxiu Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yankai Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zuobing Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Angiogenesis and Hepatic Fibrosis: Western and Chinese Medicine Therapies on the Road. Chin J Integr Med 2018; 24:713-720. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-018-3007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Zeng XY, Zhang YQ, He XM, Wan LY, Wang H, Ni YR, Wang J, Wu JF, Liu CB. Suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation through downregulation of gremlin1 expression by the miR-23b/27b cluster. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86198-86210. [PMID: 27863390 PMCID: PMC5349907 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The imbalance between transforming growth factor β and bone morphogenetic protein 7 signaling pathways is a critical step in promoting hepatic stellate cell activation during hepatic fibrogenesis. Gremlin1 may impair the balance. Something remains unclear about the regulatory mechanisms of gremlin1 action on hepatic stellate cell activation and hepatic fibrosis. In the current study, gremlin1 overexpression promotes activation of hepatic stellate cells. Knockdown of gremlin1 with siRNAs suppresses hepatic stellate cell activation and attenuates hepatic fibrosis in rat model. Our results also show that miR-23b/27b cluster members bind to 3'-untranslated region of gremlin1 resulting in reduction of transforming growth factor β, α-smooth muscle actin and collagenI α1/2 gene expression. Our findings suggest that gremlin1 promotes hepatic stellate cell activation and hepatic fibrogenesis through impairment of the balance between transforming growth factor β and bone morphogenetic protein 7 signaling pathways. The miR-23b/27b cluster suppresses activation of hepatic stellate cells through binding gremlin1 to rectify the imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yi Zeng
- The Institute of Cell Therapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, China.,Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Yan-Qiong Zhang
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Xiao-Min He
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Lin-Yan Wan
- The Institute of Cell Therapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, China.,Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.,The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Hubei Yichang, 443000, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Hu Wang
- The Institute of Cell Therapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, China.,Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.,The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Hubei Yichang, 443000, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Yi-Ran Ni
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Jiang-Feng Wu
- The Institute of Cell Therapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, China.,Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.,The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Hubei Yichang, 443000, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Chang-Bai Liu
- The Institute of Cell Therapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, China.,Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.,The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Hubei Yichang, 443000, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.,Institute of Liver Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
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7
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Herrera B, Addante A, Sánchez A. BMP Signalling at the Crossroad of Liver Fibrosis and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010039. [PMID: 29295498 PMCID: PMC5795989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) belong to the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) family. Initially identified due to their ability to induce bone formation, they are now known to have multiple functions in a variety of tissues, being critical not only during development for tissue morphogenesis and organogenesis but also during adult tissue homeostasis. This review focus on the liver as a target tissue for BMPs actions, devoting most efforts to summarize our knowledge on their recently recognized and/or emerging roles on regulation of the liver regenerative response to various insults, either acute or chronic and their effects on development and progression of liver fibrosis in different pathological conditions. In an attempt to provide the basis for guiding research efforts in this field both the more solid and more controversial areas of research were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Annalisa Addante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aránzazu Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Zhang YQ, Wan LY, He XM, Ni YR, Wang C, Liu CB, Wu JF. Gremlin1 Accelerates Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation Through Upregulation of TGF-Beta Expression. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:603-610. [PMID: 28467108 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gremlin1, the antagonist of bone morphogenetic protein-7 and one of the target genes of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signal pathway, plays an important role in embryonic development and its expression decreases along with aging. To explore the expression of gremlin1 in liver fibrosis and the causal link between gremlin1 and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, we detected the expression of gremlin1 in mice with hepatic fibrosis induced by porcine serum using real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemical staining. The hepatic fibrosis mice were evaluated by the external feature of the liver, histology, hepatic function, collagen deposition, and the expression of fibrosis-related genes (genes COLIα2 and COLIVα2) in the liver. In the HSC-T6, western blotting was used to analyze the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), COL1α, and TGF-β1 in conditions of overexpression of gremlin1 or gremlin1 being knocked down by specific siRNA, respectively. The results showed that the mRNA expression of the gremlin1 gene was significantly increased consistent with increased expression of COLIα2 and COLIVα2 in the liver tissue of the hepatic fibrosis mice. Increased expression of gremlin1 coincided with the same area of the collagen deposition. Furthermore, the results also showed that the expression of α-SMA, COLIα1, and TGF-β1 was consistent with the expression of gremlin1 not only in the HSC-T6 overexpressing gremlin1 but also in the HSC-T6 that gremlin1 is knocked down by specific siRNA. The findings suggest that gremlin1 might play an important role in the progression of hepatic fibrosis and that it modulates HSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiong Zhang
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University , Yichang, China
| | - Lin-Yan Wan
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University , Yichang, China
- 2 Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University , Yichang, China
- 3 Digestive Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yichang , Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Min He
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University , Yichang, China
- 2 Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University , Yichang, China
| | - Yi-Ran Ni
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University , Yichang, China
| | - Chang Wang
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University , Yichang, China
- 2 Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University , Yichang, China
| | - Chang-Bai Liu
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University , Yichang, China
- 2 Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University , Yichang, China
| | - Jiang-Feng Wu
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Medical College, China Three Gorges University , Yichang, China
- 2 Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University , Yichang, China
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9
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Generation and Applications of a DNA Aptamer against Gremlin-1. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050706. [PMID: 28452949 PMCID: PMC6154100 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gremlin-1, a highly conserved glycosylated and phosphorylated secretory protein, plays important roles in diverse biological processes including early embryonic development, fibrosis, tumorigenesis, and renal pathophysiology. Aptamers, which are RNA or DNA single-stranded oligonucleotides capable of binding specifically to different targets ranging from small organics to whole cells, have potential applications in targeted imaging, diagnosis and therapy. In this study, we obtained a DNA aptamer against Gremlin-1 (G-ap49) using in vitro Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX). Binding assay and dot-blot showed that G-ap49 had high affinity for Gremlin-1. Further experiments indicated that G-ap49 was quite stable in a cell culture system and could be used in South-Western blot analysis, enzyme-linked aptamer sorbent assay (ELASA), and aptamer-based cytochemistry and histochemistry staining to detect Gremlin-1. Moreover, our study demonstrated that G-ap49 is capable of revealing the subcellular localization of Gremlin-1. These data indicate that G-ap49 can be used as an alternative to antibodies in detecting Gremlin-1.
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10
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Karin D, Koyama Y, Brenner D, Kisseleva T. The characteristics of activated portal fibroblasts/myofibroblasts in liver fibrosis. Differentiation 2016; 92:84-92. [PMID: 27591095 PMCID: PMC5079826 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis results from chronic injury of hepatocytes and activation of Collagen Type I producing myofibroblasts that produce fibrous scar in liver fibrosis. Myofibroblasts are not present in the normal liver but rapidly appear early in experimental and clinical liver injury. The origin of the myofibroblast in liver fibrosis is still unresolved. The possibilities include activation of liver resident cells including portal fibroblasts, hepatic stellate cells, mesenchymal progenitor cells, and fibrocytes recruited from the bone marrow. It is considered that hepatic stellate cells and portal fibroblasts are the major source of hepatic myofibroblasts. In fact, the origin of myofibroblasts differs significantly for chronic liver diseases of different etiologies, such as cholestatic liver disease or hepatotoxic liver disease. Depending on etiology of hepatic injury, the fibrogenic foci might initiate within the hepatic lobule as seen in chronic hepatitis, or primarily affect the portal areas as in most biliary diseases. It has been suggested that activated portal fibroblasts/myofibroblasts work as "myofibroblasts for cholangiocytes" while hepatic stellate cells work as "myofibroblast for hepatocytes". This review will focus on our current understanding of the activated portal fibroblasts/myofibroblasts in cholestatic liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Karin
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA
| | - Yukinori Koyama
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA; Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA
| | - David Brenner
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA.
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11
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Wei S, Niu M, Wang J, Wang J, Su H, Luo S, Zhang X, Guo Y, Liu L, Liu F, Zhao Q, Chen H, Xiao X, Zhao P, Zhao Y. A network pharmacology approach to discover active compounds and action mechanisms of San-Cao Granule for treatment of liver fibrosis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:733-43. [PMID: 26929602 PMCID: PMC4767056 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s96964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance San-Cao Granule (SCG) has been used in patients with liver fibrosis for many years and has shown good effect. However, its mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear because of its complex chemical system. The purpose of our study is to establish a comprehensive and systemic method that can predict the mechanism of action of SCG in antihepatic fibrosis. Materials and methods In this study, a “compound–target–disease” network was constructed by combining the SCG-specific and liver fibrosis–specific target proteins with protein–protein interactions, and network pharmacology was used to screen out the underlying targets and mechanisms of SCG for treatment of liver fibrosis. Then, some key molecules of the enriched pathway were chosen to verify the effects of SCG on liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA). Results This systematic approach had successfully revealed that 16 targets related to 11 SCG compounds were closely associated with liver fibrosis therapy. The pathway-enrichment analysis of them showed that the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway is relatively important. Animal experiments also proved that SCG could significantly ameliorate liver fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad pathway. Conclusion SCG could alleviate liver fibrosis through the molecular mechanisms predicted by network pharmacology. Furthermore, network pharmacology could provide deep insight into the pharmacological mechanisms of Chinese herbal formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhang Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Niu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Su
- Liver Failure Therapy and Research Center, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengqiang Luo
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; Chong Qing Academy of Chinese Traditional Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Chongqing TCM Resources, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlei Guo
- Chong Qing Academy of Chinese Traditional Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Chongqing TCM Resources, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingguo Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongge Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Zhao
- Liver Failure Therapy and Research Center, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Clinical Trial Center, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Wei SZ, Luo SQ, Wang J, Wang JB, Li RS, Zhang XM, Guo YL, Chen C, Ma X, Chen Z, Liu HH, Yang ZR, Li JY, Wang RL, Zhang YM, Yang HY, Xiao XH, Zhao YL. San-Cao Granule (三草颗粒) Ameliorates Hepatic Fibrosis through High Mobility Group Box-1 Protein/Smad Signaling Pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2015; 24:502-511. [PMID: 26688180 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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