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Zhang Y, Lin W, Yang Y, Zhu S, Chen Y, Wang H, Teng L. MEF2D facilitates liver metastasis of gastric cancer cells through directly inducing H1X under IL-13 stimulation. Cancer Lett 2024; 591:216878. [PMID: 38609001 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Liver metastasis is the most common metastatic occurrence in gastric cancer patients, although the precise mechanism behind it remains unclear. Through a combination of proteomics and quantitative RT-PCR, our study has revealed a significant correlation between the upregulation of myocyte enhancer factor-2D (MEF2D) and both distant metastasis and poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. In mouse models, we observed that overexpressing or knocking down MEF2D in gastric cancer cells respectively promoted or inhibited liver metastasis. Furthermore, our research has demonstrated that MEF2D regulates the transcriptional activation of H1X by binding to the H1X promoter. This regulation leads to the upregulation of H1X, which, in turn, promotes the in vivo metastasis of gastric cancer cells along with the upregulation of the downstream gene β-CATENIN. Additionally, we found that the expression of MEF2D and H1X at both mRNA and protein levels can be induced by the inflammatory factor IL-13, and this induction exhibits a time gradient dependence. In human gastric cancer tissues, the expression of IL13RA1, the receptor for IL-13, positively correlates with the expression of MEF2D and H1X. IL13RA1 has been identified as an intermediate receptor through which IL-13 regulates MEF2D. In conclusion, our findings suggest that MEF2D plays a crucial role in promoting liver metastasis of gastric cancer by upregulating H1X and downstream target β-CATENIN in response to IL-13 stimulation. Targeting MEF2D could therefore be a promising therapeutic strategy for the clinical management of gastric cancer. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: MEF2D promotes its transcriptional activation in gastric cancer cells by binding to the H1X promoter and is upregulated by IL-13-IL13RA1, thereby promoting distant metastasis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.
| | - Wu Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310020, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.
| | - Songting Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.
| | - Yiran Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.
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2
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Ye C, Chen Z, Lin W, Dong Z, Han J, Zhang J, Ma X, Yu J, Sun X, Li Y, Zheng J. Triphenyl phosphate exposure impairs colorectal health by altering host immunity and colorectal microbiota. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140905. [PMID: 38065263 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal diseases such as colorectal cancer (CRC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have become one of the most common public health concerns worldwide due to the increasing incidence. Environmental factors are one of the important causes of colorectal diseases, as they can affect the intestinal barrier function, immune response and microbiota, causing intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis. Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), a widely used organophosphorus flame retardant that can leach and accumulate in various environmental media and biota, can enter the human intestine through drinking water and food. However, the effects of TPHP on colorectal health have not been well understood. In this study, we investigated the adverse influence of TPHP exposure on colorectal cells (in vitro assay) and C57BL/6 mice (in vivo assay), and further explored the potential mechanism underlying the association between TPHP and colorectal disease. We found that TPHP exposure inhibited cell viability, increased apoptosis and caused G1/S cycle arrest of colorectal cells. Moreover, TPHP exposure damaged colorectal tissue structure, changed immune-related gene expression in the colorectal transcriptome, and disrupted the composition of colorectal microbiota. Importantly, we found that TPHP exposure upregulated chemokine CXCL10, which was involved in colorectal diseases. Our study revealed that exposure to TPHP had significant impacts on colorectal health, which may possibly stem from alterations in host immunity and the structure of the colorectal microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Ye
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zilu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wenhao Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zepeng Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Xueqian Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Junhui Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Jianbao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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3
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Ullah A, Zhao J, Li J, Singla RK, Shen B. Involvement of CXC chemokines (CXCL1-CXCL17) in gastric cancer: Prognosis and therapeutic molecules. Life Sci 2024; 336:122277. [PMID: 37995936 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth-most prevalent and second-most deadly cancer worldwide. Due to the late onset of symptoms, GC is frequently treated at a mature stage. In order to improve the diagnostic and clinical decision-making processes, it is necessary to establish more specific and sensitive indicators valuable in the early detection of the disease whenever a cancer is asymptomatic. In this work, we gathered information about CXC chemokines and GC by using scientific search engines including Google Scholar, PubMed, SciFinder, and Web of Science. Researchers believe that GC chemokines, small proteins, class CXC chemokines, and chemokine receptors promote GC inflammation, initiation, and progression by facilitating angiogenesis, tumor transformation, invasion, survival, metastatic spread, host response safeguards, and inter-cell interaction. With our absolute best professionalism, the role of CXC chemokines and their respective receptors in GC diagnosis and prognosis has not been fully explained. This review article updates the general characteristics of CXC chemokines, their unique receptors, their function in the pathological process of GC, and their potential application as possible indicators for GC. Although there have only recently been a few studies focusing on the therapeutic efficacy of CXC chemokine inhibitors in GC, growing experimental evidence points to the inhibition of CXC chemokines as a promising targeted therapy. Therefore, further translational studies are warranted to determine whether specific antagonists or antibodies designed to target CXC chemokines alone or in combination with chemotherapy are useful for diagnosing advanced GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ullah
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiakun Li
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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4
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Repetto O, Vettori R, Steffan A, Cannizzaro R, De Re V. Circulating Proteins as Diagnostic Markers in Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16931. [PMID: 38069253 PMCID: PMC10706891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly malignant disease affecting humans worldwide and has a poor prognosis. Most GC cases are detected at advanced stages due to the cancer lacking early detectable symptoms. Therefore, there is great interest in improving early diagnosis by implementing targeted prevention strategies. Markers are necessary for early detection and to guide clinicians to the best personalized treatment. The current semi-invasive endoscopic methods to detect GC are invasive, costly, and time-consuming. Recent advances in proteomics technologies have enabled the screening of many samples and the detection of novel biomarkers and disease-related signature signaling networks. These biomarkers include circulating proteins from different fluids (e.g., plasma, serum, urine, and saliva) and extracellular vesicles. We review relevant published studies on circulating protein biomarkers in GC and detail their application as potential biomarkers for GC diagnosis. Identifying highly sensitive and highly specific diagnostic markers for GC may improve patient survival rates and contribute to advancing precision/personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ombretta Repetto
- Facility of Bio-Proteomics, Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettori
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (R.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (R.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Renato Cannizzaro
- Oncological Gastroenterology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Valli De Re
- Facility of Bio-Proteomics, Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
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5
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Li J, Ma S, Pei H, Jiang J, Zou Q, Lv Z. Review of T cell proliferation regulatory factors in treatment and prognostic prediction for solid tumors. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21329. [PMID: 37954355 PMCID: PMC10637962 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell proliferation regulators (Tcprs), which are positive regulators that promote T cell function, have made great contributions to the development of therapies to improve T cell function. CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) -T cell therapy, a type of adoptive cell transfer therapy that targets tumor cells and enhances immune lethality, has led to significant progress in the treatment of hematologic tumors. However, the applications of CAR-T in solid tumor treatment remain limited. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the development of Tcprs for solid tumor therapy and prognostic prediction. We summarize potential strategies for targeting different Tcprs to enhance T cell proliferation and activation and inhibition of cancer progression, thereby improving the antitumor activity and persistence of CAR-T. In summary, we propose means of enhancing CAR-T cells by expressing different Tcprs, which may lead to the development of a new generation of cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Li
- Student Innovation Competition Team, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shuhan Ma
- Student Innovation Competition Team, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hongdi Pei
- Student Innovation Competition Team, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jici Jiang
- Student Innovation Competition Team, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Quan Zou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Zhibin Lv
- Student Innovation Competition Team, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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6
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Wang B, Huang L, Ye S, Zheng Z, Liao S. Identification of Novel Prognostic Biomarkers That are Associated with Immune Microenvironment Based on GABA-Related Molecular Subtypes in Gastric Cancer. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2023; 16:665-679. [PMID: 37405024 PMCID: PMC10315139 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s411862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and progression. Despite this, the role of Reactome GABA receptor activation (RGRA) on gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. This study was intended to screen RGRA-related genes in GC and investigate their prognostic value. Methods GSVA algorithm was used to assess the score of RGRA. GC patients were divided into two subtypes based on the median score of RGRA. GSEA, functional enrichment analysis, and immune infiltration analysis were performed between the two subgroups. Then, differentially expressed analysis, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were used to identify RGRA-related genes. The prognosis and expression of core genes were analyzed and validated in the TCGA database, GEO database, and clinical samples. ssGSEA and ESTIMATE algorithms were used to assess the immune cell infiltration in the low- and high-core genes subgroups. Results High-RGRA subtype had a poor prognosis and activated immune-related pathways, as well as an activated immune microenvironment. ATP1A2 was identified to be the core gene. The expression of ATP1A2 was associated with the overall survival rate and tumor stage, and its expression was down-regulated in GC patients. Furthermore, ATP1A2 expression was positively correlated with the level of immune cells, including B cells, CD8 T cells, cytotoxic cells, DC, eosinophils, macrophages, mast cells, NK cells, and T cells. Conclusion Two RGRA-related molecular subtypes were identified that could predict the outcome in GC patients. ATP1A2 was a core immunoregulatory gene and was associated with prognosis and immune cell infiltration in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linlin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanliang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongwen Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanying Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
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7
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An Update of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling and Its Deregulation in Gastric Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030736. [PMID: 36765694 PMCID: PMC9913146 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belong to a cell surface receptor superfamily responding to a wide range of external signals. The binding of extracellular ligands to GPCRs activates a heterotrimeric G protein and triggers the production of numerous secondary messengers, which transduce the extracellular signals into cellular responses. GPCR signaling is crucial and imperative for maintaining normal tissue homeostasis. High-throughput sequencing analyses revealed the occurrence of the genetic aberrations of GPCRs and G proteins in multiple malignancies. The altered GPCRs/G proteins serve as valuable biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and pharmacological targets. Furthermore, the dysregulation of GPCR signaling contributes to tumor initiation and development. In this review, we have summarized the research progress of GPCRs and highlighted their mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC). The aberrant activation of GPCRs promotes GC cell proliferation and metastasis, remodels the tumor microenvironment, and boosts immune escape. Through deep investigation, novel therapeutic strategies for targeting GPCR activation have been developed, and the final aim is to eliminate GPCR-driven gastric carcinogenesis.
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8
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DNA Methylation-Mediated Overexpression of CXCL1 in Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Cancer: In Silico- and In Vitro-Based Identification of a Potential Biomarker for Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010795. [PMID: 36614235 PMCID: PMC9820856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the high global prevalence and mortality associated with gastric cancer, and its known causal link with Helicobacter pylori infection, it is important to have a biomarker to identify malignant transformation at early stages. Previously, we, and others, have reported that H. pylori-induced epigenetic changes could mediate carcinogenic transformation of the gastric cells. Also, CXCL1 secreted by gastric cancer cells was reported as a key diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for the pathogenic progression of gastric cancer. In this study, for the first time, we aimed to investigate the role of H. pylori-induced DNA methylation-based epigenetic regulation of CXCL1. In silico analysis of publicly available datasets and in vitro experiments were performed. Our results showed that CXCL1 is highly expressed in both gastric cancer tissues and gastric cancer cells infected with H. pylori. Further, we showed and confirmed that H. pylori-mediated overexpression of CXCL1 is due to hypomethylation of its promoter region. Since epigenetic events such as DNA methylation happen early in the sequence; H. pylori-induced CXCL1 hypomethylation could likely be detected at an early stage of gastric cancer development. Epigenetic modifications, such as CXCL1 hypomethylation, are reversible and could potentially be a therapeutic target using demethylation drugs.
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9
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Cancer Stem Cells in Tumor Microenvironment of Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach, Colon, and Rectum. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163948. [PMID: 36010940 PMCID: PMC9405851 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastrointestinal cancers have a high mortality rate worldwide, and the progression of the disease is related to cancer stem cells. Until now, its relationship with the microenvironment has been poorly understood. We describe the molecules and different pathways activated during this interaction and the new targeting therapies for cancer cells and microenvironment modulation. This approach could impact the way gastrointestinal cancers are managed. Abstract Gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas are one of the world’s deadliest cancers. Cancer stem cells and the tissue microenvironment are highly regulated by cell and molecular mechanisms. Cancer stem cells are essential for maintenance and progression and are associated with resistance to conventional treatments. This article reviews the current knowledge of the role of the microenvironment during the primary establishment of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas in the stomach, colon, and rectum and its relationship with cancer stem cells. We also describe novel developments in cancer therapeutics, such as targeted therapy, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different treatments for improving gastrointestinal cancer prognosis.
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10
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Hu LT, Deng WJ, Chu ZS, Sun L, Zhang CB, Lu SZ, Weng JR, Ren QS, Dong XY, Li WD, Li XB, Du YT, Li Y, Wang WQ. Comprehensive analysis of CXCR family members in lung adenocarcinoma with prognostic values. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:259. [PMID: 35768814 PMCID: PMC9245315 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The expression profiles and molecular mechanisms of CXC chemokine receptors (CXCRs) in Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have been extensively explored. However, the comprehensive prognostic values of CXCR members in LUAD have not yet been clearly identified. Methods Multiple available datasets, including Oncomine datasets, the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), HPA platform, GeneMANIA platform, DAVID platform and the tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) were used to detect the expression of CXCRs in LUAD, as well as elucidate the significance and value of novel CXCRs-associated genes and signaling pathways in LUAD.
Results The mRNA and/or protein expression of CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5 and CXCR6 displayed predominantly decreased in LUAD tissues as compared to normal tissues. On the contrary, compared with the normal tissues, the expression of CXCR7 was significantly increased in LUAD tissues. Subsequently, we constructed a network including CXCR family members and their 20 related genes, and the related GO functions assay showed that CXCRs connected with these genes participated in the process of LUAD through several signal pathways including Chemokine signaling pathway, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. TCGA and Timer platform revealed that the mRNA expression of CXCR family members was significantly related to individual cancer stages, cancer subtypes, patient’s gender and the immune infiltration level. Finally, survival analysis showed that low mRNA expression levels of CXCR2 (HR = 0.661, and Log-rank P = 1.90e−02), CXCR3 (HR = 0.674, and Log-rank P = 1.00e−02), CXCR4 (HR = 0.65, and Log-rank P = 5.01e−03), CXCR5 (HR = 0.608, and Log-rank P = 4.80e−03) and CXCR6 (HR = 0.622, and Log-rank P = 1.85e−03) were significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS), whereas high CXCR7 mRNA expression (HR = 1.604, and Log-rank P = 4.27e−03) was extremely related with shorter OS in patients.
Conclusion Our findings from public databases provided a unique insight into expression characteristics and prognostic values of CXCR members in LUAD, which would be benefit for the understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis prediction and targeted treatment in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Tao Hu
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wen-Jun Deng
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Chu
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Luo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.,First Affiliated Hospital, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chun-Bin Zhang
- Department of Medical Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Translation Medical Testing and Application Technology Zhangzhou, Zhang Zhou Health Vocational College, Zhangzhou, 363000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shi-Zhen Lu
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jin-Ru Weng
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.,Stomatological Hospital, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiao-Sheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.,Stomatological Hospital, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin-Yu Dong
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xue-Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.,First Affiliated Hospital, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yun-Ting Du
- Department of Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang,, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yue Li
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Wei-Qun Wang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.
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11
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Chen N, Qi Y, Ma X, Xiao X, Liu Q, Xia T, Xiang J, Zeng J, Tang J. Rediscovery of Traditional Plant Medicine: An Underestimated Anticancer Drug of Chelerythrine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:906301. [PMID: 35721116 PMCID: PMC9198297 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In many studies, the extensive and significant anticancer activity of chelerythrine (CHE) was identified, which is the primary natural active compound in four traditional botanical drugs and can be applied as a promising treatment in various solid tumors. So this review aimed to summarize the anticancer capacities and the antitumor mechanism of CHE. The literature searches revolving around CHE have been carried out on PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and MEDLINE databases. Increasing evidence indicates that CHE, as a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, exhibits its excellent anticancer activity as CHE can intervene in tumor progression and inhibit tumor growth in multiple ways, such as induction of cancer cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, prevention of tumor invasion and metastasis, autophagy-mediated cell death, bind selectively to telomeric G-quadruplex and strongly inhibit the telomerase activity through G-quadruplex stabilization, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and PKC. The role of CHE against diverse types of cancers has been investigated in many studies and has been identified as the main antitumor drug candidate in drug discovery programs. The current complex data suggest the potential value in clinical application and the future direction of CHE as a therapeutic drug in cancer. Furthermore, the limitations and the present problems are also highlighted in this review. Despite the unclearly delineated molecular targets of CHE, extensive research in this area provided continuously fresh data exploitable in the clinic while addressing the present requirement for further studies such as toxicological studies, combination medication, and the development of novel chemical methods or biomaterials to extend the effects of CHE or the development of its derivatives and analogs, contributing to the effective transformation of this underestimated anticancer drug into clinical practice. We believe that this review can provide support for the clinical application of a new anticancer drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianzhi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juyi Xiang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Geriatric Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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12
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Mu L, Hu S, Li G, Wu P, Ren C, Lin T, Zhang S. Characterization of the Prognostic Values of CXCL Family in Epstein-Barr Virus Associated Gastric Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2218140. [PMID: 35693706 PMCID: PMC9177340 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2218140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background CXCL family is a class of secreted growth factors signaling through G-protein-coupled receptors, and abnormal expression is associated with the growth and progression of many tumors. However, their prognostic value has been poorly studied in Epstein-Barr virus- (EBV-) associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC). Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the prognostic value of the CXCL family in EBVaGC. Methods CXCL family mRNA expression was analyzed in STAD data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Kaplan-Meier Plotter was used to assess the prognostic value of the CXCL family. Transcription factors (TFs) and miRNAs associated with the CXCL family were identified by TFCheckpoint, miRWalk, and ViRBase databases. The prognostic model was evaluated using the EBVaGC patient cohort GSE51575. Results The mRNA expression of CXCL1/3/5/6/8/9/10/11/16 was significantly upregulated, while the expression of CXCL12/14 was downregulated in EBVaGC compared with normal tissues from TCGA-STAD. The mRNA expressions of CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCL17 in EBVaGCs were higher than those in EBVnGCs, but the mRNA expressions of CXCL6, CXCL12, and CXCL17 were lower than those in EBVnGCs. The mRNA expression levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 in EBVaGCs were higher than those in EBVnGCs regardless of the tumor stage. High mRNA expression of CXCL8 was associated with better OS in patients with EBVaGC, while high expression of CXCL9 was associated with better OS in patients with EBVnGC. We obtained 10 candidate potential transcription factors (TFs) associated with CXCLs: OTOP3, NKX6-2, NKX2-2, FEV, SMYD1, TRIMSO, TBX10, CDX1, SLC26A3, and ARC. 576 miRNA-mRNA interactions were obtained. Among them, 65 miRNAs were predicted to be correlated with CXCL6, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11. Similar to the results of TCGA-STAD, the GSE51575 dataset also showed that the mRNA expression levels of CXCL1/3/9/10/11/16 were markedly enhanced in EBVaGC tissues compared with corresponding normal gastric mucosa tissues, while the mRNA expression levels of CXCL12/14 were significantly reduced. The mRNA expression levels of CXCL3/9/10/11/13/17 were increased in EBVaGC compared with EBVnGC tissues. Conclusions The expression differences of CXCL family members are closely associated with the progression of EBVaGC. Expression of CXCL9/10/11/17 mRNA may be a promising prognostic indicator for EBVaGC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Mu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Shun Hu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Caihong Ren
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Taiyu Lin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
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13
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Yang P, Zhang X, Xu R, Adeel K, Lu X, Chen M, Shen H, Li Z, Xu Z. Fungal Microbiota Dysbiosis and Ecological Alterations in Gastric Cancer. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:889694. [PMID: 35572666 PMCID: PMC9100745 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.889694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in bacteriome composition have a strong association with gastric cancer (GC). However, the relationship between stomach fungal microbiota composition and human host immune factors remains largely unknown. With high-throughput internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) sequencing, we characterized gastric fungal microbiome among the GC (n = 22), matched para-GC (n = 22), and healthy individuals (n = 11). A total of 4.5 million valid tags were generated and stratified into 1,631 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and 10 phyla and 301 genera were identified. The presence of GC was associated with a distinct gastric fungal mycobiome signature, characterized by a decreased biodiversity and richness and significant differences in fungal composition. In addition, fungal dysbiosis was reflected by the increased ratio of Basidiomycota to Ascomycota and a higher proportion of opportunistic fungi, such as Cutaneotrichosporon and Malassezia, as well as the loss of Rhizopus and Rhodotorula during the progression of cancers. A panel of GC-associated fungi (e.g., Cutaneotrichosporon and Rhodotorula) was found to adequately exhibit diagnostic value. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of cytokines and chemokines were detected and correlated with the specific fungal dysbiosis, indicating the possible mechanism of GC. This study reveals GC-associated mycobiome dysbiosis characterized by altered fungal composition and ecology and suggests that the fungal mycobiome might play a role in the pathogenesis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NanJing Universit Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Khan Adeel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Han Shen
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Zhiyang Li
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Zhipeng Xu
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14
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Lee HS, Lee IH, Kang K, Park SI, Jung M, Yang SG, Kwon TW, Lee DY. A Network Pharmacology Perspective Investigation of the Pharmacological Mechanisms of the Herbal Drug FDY003 in Gastric Cancer. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211073030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and deadly malignant tumors worldwide. While the application of herbal drugs for GC treatment is increasing, the multicompound–multitarget pharmacological mechanisms involved are yet to be elucidated. By adopting a network pharmacology strategy, we investigated the properties of the anticancer herbal drug FDY003 against GC. We found that FDY003 reduced the viability of human GC cells and enhanced their chemosensitivity. We also identified 8 active phytochemical compounds in FDY003 that target 70 GC-associated genes and proteins. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis suggested that the targets of FDY003 are involved in various cellular processes, such as cellular proliferation, survival, and death. We further identified various major FDY003 target GC-associated pathways, including PIK3-Akt, MAPK, Ras, HIF-1, ErbB, and p53 pathways. Taken together, the overall analysis presents insight at the systems level into the pharmacological activity of FDY003 against GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sung Lee
- The Fore, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Forest Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hee Lee
- The Fore, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungrae Kang
- Forest Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-In Park
- Forestheal Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Jung
- Forest Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gu Yang
- Kyunghee Naro Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kwon
- Forest Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yeon Lee
- The Fore, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Forest Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Abstract
The intimate involvement of pathogens with the heightened risk for developing certain cancers is an area of research that has captured a great deal of attention over the last 10 years. One firmly established paradigm that highlights this aspect of disease progression is in the instance of Helicobacter pylori infection and the contribution it makes in elevating the risk for developing gastric cancer. Whilst the molecular mechanisms that pinpoint the contribution that this microorganism inflicts towards host cells during gastric cancer initiation have come into greater focus, another picture that has also emerged is one that implicates the host's immune system, and the chronic inflammation that can arise therefrom, as being a central contributory factor in disease progression. Consequently, when taken with the underlying role that the extracellular matrix plays in the development of most cancers, and how this dynamic can be modulated by proteases expressed from the tumor or inflammatory cells, a complex and detailed relationship shared between the individual cellular components and their surroundings is coming into focus. In this review article, we draw attention to the emerging role played by the cathepsin proteases in modulating the stage-specific progression of Helicobacter pylori-initiated gastric cancer and the underlying immune response, while highlighting the therapeutic significance of this dynamic and how it may be amenable for novel intervention strategies within a basic research or clinical setting.
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16
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Jiang X, Zheng J, Liu L, Jiang K, Wen Y, Yan Y, Liu Y, Zhong L, Huang Y, Yao Z, Nie K, Zheng Z, Pan J, Liu P, Zhuang K, Liu F, Xu S, Li P. CXCR4 is a Novel Biomarker Correlated With Malignant Transformation and Immune Infiltrates in Gastric Precancerous Lesions. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:697993. [PMID: 34676245 PMCID: PMC8523893 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.697993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As early gastric cancer (EGC) has a far better prognosis than advanced gastric cancer (GC), early diagnosis and treatment are essential. However, understanding the mechanism of the process from gastric precancerous lesion (GPL) becoming EGC has made little advances. Besides, biomarkers that can monitor the progression of GPL-to-GC are still much insufficient. Methods: Key gene modules associated with GPL progression to EGC were identified by integrating two GPL-related data sets, GSE55696 and GSE130823, using the WGCNA method. Combining with the TCGA-STAD cohort, hub genes were identified. Immunofluorescence was conducted to validate the expression. To explore the implication of hub genes in GPL malignant transformation, a correlation test was conducted to identify their co-expression genes, co-expression cytokines, and co-expression immune cells. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression was applied to shrink CXCR4-related predictors and construct a prognostic model. Functional enrichment was applied for exploring the potential mechanism. Results: The green module in GSE55696 and the yellow module in GSE130823 were regarded as key gene modules associated with GPL progression to EGC, and 219 intersection genes from them were mainly enriched in critical immune biological processes. Combining with the TCGA-STAD cohort, CXCR4 was identified as a novel biomarker correlated with the malignant transformation of GPL, the positive rate of which was increased with GPL progression according to immunofluorescence. CXCR4 co-expression genes were found mainly involved in regulation of actin. CXCR4 co-expression cytokines were enriched in regulation of chemotaxis, cell chemotaxis, mononuclear cell migration, leukocyte chemotaxis, etc. As for co-expression immune cells, the expression level of CXCR4 was positively correlated with the abundance of macrophages but negatively correlated with that of effector memory T cells and NKT cells during GPL malignant transformation. In addition, the CXCR4-related prognostic model was able to predict the prognosis of GC and serve as an independent predictor for overall survival (OS). Conclusions: CXCR4 was a novel biomarker correlated with malignant transformation of GPL and played a vital role in the control of tumor immunity. CXCR4 is possible to serve as a therapeutic target for malignant transformation of GPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanxing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kailin Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limei Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuancheng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyang Yao
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kechao Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinglin Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunhai Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Baiyun Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengbin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Baiyun Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Xu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Shynlova O, Boros-Rausch A, Farine T, Adams Waldorf KM, Dunk C, Lye SJ. Decidual Inflammation Drives Chemokine-Mediated Immune Infiltration Contributing to Term Labor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2015-2026. [PMID: 34526377 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Infiltration of maternal peripheral leukocytes into the uterine tissues is a critical event occurring before, during, and after term labor (TL). In this article, we investigate the contribution of uterine smooth muscle (myometrium) and pregnant endometrium (decidua) to the inflammatory process during human TL. We hypothesize that labor-related physiological inflammation is orchestrated by uterine-secreted cytokines, which dually activate the uterine vascular endothelium and maternal leukocytes to promote their adhesion and infiltration into the uterus. Using Luminex and ELISA assays, we examine a full range of cytokines (45 proteins) in media conditioned by primary decidual and myometrial cells from TL and term not in labor (TNL) women. The effect of conditioned media on the activation of human uterine microvascular endothelial cells was measured by qPCR and on peripheral leukocytes by flow cytometry. Transendothelial migration of calcein-labeled primary leukocytes toward media was assessed by fluorometry. Stromal decidual cells secrete significantly higher levels of multiple cytokines compared with myometrial cells (p < 0.05) and significantly more cytokines during TL than TNL. These cytokines activate uterine microvascular endothelial cells through the upregulation of cell adhesion molecule VCAM-1 and peripheral leukocytes by upregulation of CD11b. Furthermore, multiple cytokines secreted from the TL decidua and myometrium significantly increase migration of granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes compared with TNL (p < 0.05), which was blocked by a broad-spectrum chemokine inhibitor (FX125L). These data reveal the critical role for decidual- and myometrial-secreted cytokines in the activation of inflammatory pathways leading to labor. We suggest that these pathways represent targets for therapeutic intervention during preterm labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Shynlova
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Adam Boros-Rausch
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tali Farine
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Caroline Dunk
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Lye
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
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18
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Pawluczuk E, Łukaszewicz-Zając M, Gryko M, Kulczyńska-Przybik A, Mroczko B. Serum CXCL8 and Its Specific Receptor (CXCR2) in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205186. [PMID: 34680333 PMCID: PMC8534112 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This malignancy is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. Therefore, novel biomarkers useful in the early detection of GC are sorely needed. Some authors suggest the role of chemokines and their specific receptors in GC pathogenesis. The aim of the study was to investigate whether serum CXCL8 and its receptor (CXCR2) might be considered as potential candidates for biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of GC. The study included 98 subjects: 64 GC patients and 34 healthy volunteers. CXCL8 and CXCR2 concentrations were assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Serum CXCL8 and CXCR2 concentrations were significantly higher in GC patients than in healthy controls, similar to the well-established tumor marker (CA19-9) and marker of inflammation (CRP). Diagnostic sensitivity of CXCL8 was the highest among all proteins tested and increased for the combined assessment with CA19-9. The area under the ROC curve for CXCL8 was higher than those for CXCR2 and classical tumor markers. Serum CXCL8 levels were indicated as a significant risk factor of GC occurrence. Our findings suggest that serum CXCL8 is a promising candidate for a biomarker in GC diagnosis and might be used as a significant predictor of GC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Pawluczuk
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (E.P.); (A.K.-P.)
| | - Marta Łukaszewicz-Zając
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Gryko
- Second Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Kulczyńska-Przybik
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (E.P.); (A.K.-P.)
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (E.P.); (A.K.-P.)
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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19
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Han J, Fu R, Chen C, Cheng X, Guo T, Huangfu L, Li X, Du H, Xing X, Ji J. CXCL16 Promotes Gastric Cancer Tumorigenesis via ADAM10-Dependent CXCL16/CXCR6 Axis and Activates Akt and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2841-2852. [PMID: 34345211 PMCID: PMC8326113 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.57826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression of CXC motif chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) has been demonstrated to be associated with tumor progression and metastasis, served as a prognostic factor in many cancers, with higher relative expression behaving as a marker of tumor progression. However, its role and mechanisms underlying progression and metastasis of gastric cancer (GC) are yet to be elucidated. In our investigation, public datasets and human GC tissue samples were used to determine the CXCL16 expression levels. Our results revealed that CXCL16 was upregulated in GC. The high expression CXCL16 in GC was significantly associated with histologic poor differentiation and pTNM staging. And high CXCL16 was positively correlated with the poor survival of GC patients. Gain-and loss-of-function experiments were employed to investigate the biological role of CXCL16 in proliferation and migration both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT), Akt and MAPK signal pathway related genes were significantly enriched in the high CXCL16 group, which was confirmed by western blot. Moreover, overexpression CXCL16 promoted the disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAM10) and the CXC motif chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) expression, which mediated the CXCL16/CXCR6 positive feedback loop in GC, with activating Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Knocking down ADAM10 would interrupted the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis in the carcinogenesis and progression of GC. In conclusion, our findings offered insights into that CXCL16 promoted GC tumorigenesis by enhancing ADAM10-dependent CXCL16/CXCR6 axis activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute For Cancer Research, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Runjia Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute For Cancer Research, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute For Cancer Research, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute For Cancer Research, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute For Cancer Research, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Longtao Huangfu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute For Cancer Research, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute For Cancer Research, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute For Cancer Research, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Xing
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute For Cancer Research, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute For Cancer Research, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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20
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An X, Wei Z, Ran B, Tian H, Gu H, Liu Y, Cui H, Zhu S. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Trichostatin A Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis by Regulating the PI3K/AKT Signalling Pathway in Gastric Cancer Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:2114-2124. [PMID: 32593284 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200627204857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer, a common malignant tumour worldwide, has a relatively poor prognosis and is a serious threat to human health. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (HDACi) are anticancer agents that are known to affect the cell growth of different cancer types. Trichostatin A (TSA) selectively inhibits the class I and II mammalian Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) family enzymes and regulates many cell processes. Still, the underlying mechanisms of HDACs are not fully understood in gastric cancer. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the antitumor effect and the mechanism of growth modulation of gastric cancer cells by TSA. METHODS The cell proliferation of gastric cancer cells was measured by MTT and BrdU immunofluorescence assays. Soft agar assay was used to detect the colony formation ability of gastric cancer cells. Flow cytometry was used to examine cell cycle and apoptosis. Western blot was employed to detect protein expression of target factors. RESULTS TSA inhibits the proliferation of MKN-45 and SGC-7901 cells and leads to significant repression of colony number and size. Flow cytometry assays show TSA induces cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and apoptosis, and TSA effects the expression of related factors in the mitochondrial apoptotic signalling and cell cycle-related regulatory pathways. Furthermore, TSA increased histone H3K27 acetylation and downregulated the expression of PI3K and p-AKT. CONCLUSION Downregulating PI3K/AKT pathway activation is involved in TSA-mediated proliferation inhibition of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli An
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zekun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine,
Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Botian Ran
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hao Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine,
Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine,
Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Shunqin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine,
Chongqing 400716, China
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21
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Enhancing CAR-T cell efficacy in solid tumors by targeting the tumor microenvironment. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1085-1095. [PMID: 33785843 PMCID: PMC8093220 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00655-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has achieved successful outcomes against hematological malignancies and provided a new impetus for treating solid tumors. However, the efficacy of CAR-T cells for solid tumors remains unsatisfactory. The tumor microenvironment has an important role in interfering with and inhibiting the effector function of immune cells, among which upregulated inhibitory checkpoint receptors, soluble suppressive cytokines, altered chemokine expression profiles, aberrant vasculature, complicated stromal composition, hypoxia and abnormal tumor metabolism are major immunosuppressive mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the inhibitory factors that affect the function of CAR-T cells in tumor microenvironment and discuss approaches to improve CAR-T cell efficacy for solid tumor treatment by targeting those barriers.
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22
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Liu H, Qu Y, Zhou H, Zheng Z, Zhao J, Zhang J. Bioinformatic analysis of potential hub genes in gastric adenocarcinoma. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504211004260. [PMID: 33788653 PMCID: PMC10454997 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211004260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma is the most common histologic type of gastric cancer; however, the pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. To improve mechanistic understanding and identify new treatment targets or diagnostic biomarkers, we used bioinformatic tools to predict the hub genes related to the process of gastric adenocarcinoma development from public datasets, and explored their prognostic significance. We screened differentially expressed genes between gastric adenocarcinoma and normal gastric tissues in Gene Expression Omnibus datasets (GSE79973, GSE118916, and GSE29998) using the GEO2R tool, and their functions were annotated with Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes signaling pathway enrichment analyses in the DAVID database. Hub genes were identified based on the protein-protein network constructed in the STRING database with Cytoscape software. A total of 10 hub genes were selected for further analysis, and their expression patterns in gastric adenocarcinoma patients were investigated using the Oncomine GEPIA database. The expression levels of ATP4A, CA9, FGA, ALDH1A1, and GHRL were reduced, whereas those of TIMP1, SPP1, CXCL8, THY1, and COL1A1 were increased in gastric adenocarcinoma. The Kaplan-Meier online plotter tool showed associations of all hub genes except for CA9 with prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma patients; CXCL8 and ALDH1A1 were positively correlated with survival, and the other genes were negatively correlated with survival. These 10 hub genes may be involved in important processes in gastric adenocarcinoma development, providing new directions for research to clarify the role of these genes and offer insight for improved treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- General Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yidan Qu
- Rheumatology and Immunology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- General Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ziwen Zheng
- General Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Junjiang Zhao
- General Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- General Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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23
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The Role of Chemokines in the Development of Gastric Cancer - Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228456. [PMID: 33182840 PMCID: PMC7697532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. GC is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage due to late presentation of symptoms. Therefore, there is a need for establishing more sensitive and specific markers useful in early detection of the disease when a cancer is asymptomatic to improve the diagnostic and clinical decision-making process. Some researchers suggest that chemokines and their specific receptors play an important role in GC initiation and progression via promotion of angiogenesis, tumor transformation, invasion, survival and metastasis as well as protection from host response and inter-cell communication. Chemokines are small proteins produced by various cells such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, leukocytes, and epithelial and tumor cells. According to our knowledge, the significance of chemokines and their specific receptors in diagnosing GC and evaluating its progression has not been fully elucidated. The present article offers a review of current knowledge on general characteristics of chemokines, specific receptors and their role in GC pathogenesis as well as their potential usefulness as novel biomarkers for GC.
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24
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Yue Z, Ningning D, Lin Y, Jianming Y, Hongtu Z, Ligong Y, Feng L, Shuaibo W, Yousheng M. Correlation between CXCR4, CXCR5 and CCR7 expression and survival outcomes in patients with clinical T1N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:2955-2965. [PMID: 32896997 PMCID: PMC7529574 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Even if early detection and treatment have proven to be effective, the survival outcomes are still poor. METHODS Tissue samples and clinicopathological data of 244 patients with clinical T1N0M0 NSCLC were collected. We investigated CXCR4, CXCR5 and CCR7 expression levels using the immunohistochemical method and analyzed their correlations with clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes. RESULTS Elevated expression levels of CXCR4, CXCR5 and CCR7 were found in tumor tissues (P < 0.001). The expression levels were remarkably different in histological type (CXCR4, P = 0.032; CXCR5, P < 0.001; CCR7, P < 0.001) and LVI (CXCR4, P = 0.017; CXCR5, P = 0.030; CCR7, P < 0.001). In addition, CXCR4 and CXCR5 expression were significantly different in tumor differentiation (CXCR4, P < 0.001; CXCR5, P < 0.001). Survival analysis showed that patients with positive CXCR4 expression had a significantly lower five-year DFS (P = 0.007) and a lower five-year OS (P = 0.010). Patients in the CXCR5 positive group had a significantly lower five-year DFS (P = 0.038) and a lower five-year OS (P = 0.220), which were statistically insignificant. However, five-year DFS and five-year OS of patients with positive CCR7 expression were significantly higher (DFS: P < 0.001; OS: P < 0.001). CXCR5 and CCR7 expression were found to be independent prognostic factors through multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Expression levels of CXCR4, CXCR5 and CCR7 were significantly higher in tumor tissues, and expression of CXCR5 and CCR7 were independent prognostic factors for survival. Moreover, all three chemokines were correlated to the survival outcomes of patients with clinical T1N0M0 NSCLC, providing potential prognosticators and therapy targets for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Ding Ningning
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Ying Jianming
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Zhang Hongtu
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yuan Ligong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Wang Shuaibo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Mao Yousheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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25
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Chen J, Dang Y, Feng W, Qiao C, Liu D, Zhang T, Wang Y, Tian D, Fan D, Nie Y, Wu K, Xia L. SOX18 promotes gastric cancer metastasis through transactivating MCAM and CCL7. Oncogene 2020; 39:5536-5552. [PMID: 32616889 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic strategies for advanced gastric cancer (GC) remain unsatisfying and limited. Therefore, it is still imperative to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying GC metastasis. Here, we report a novel role of SRY-box transcription factor 18 (SOX18), a member of the SOX family, in promoting GC metastasis. The elevated expression of SOX18 was positively correlated with distant metastasis, higher AJCC stage, and poor prognosis in human GC. SOX18 expression was an independent and significant risk factor for the recurrence and survival in GC patients. Up-regulation of SOX18 promoted GC invasion and metastasis, whereas down-regulation of SOX18 decreased GC invasion and metastasis. Melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 7 (CCL7) are direct transcriptional targets of SOX18. Knockdown of MCAM and CCL7 significantly decreased SOX18-mediated GC invasion and metastasis, while the stable overexpression of MCAM and CCL7 reversed the decrease in cell invasion and metastasis that was induced by the inhibition of SOX18. A mechanistic investigation indicated that the upregulation of SOX18 that was mediated by the CCL7-CCR1 pathway relied on the ERK/ELK1 pathway. SOX18 knockdown significantly reduced CCL7-enhanced GC invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, BX471, a specific CCR1 inhibitor, significantly reduced the SOX18-mediated GC invasion and metastasis. In human GC tissues, SOX18 expression was positively correlated with CCL7 and MCAM expression, and patients with positive coexpression of SOX18/CCL7 or SOX18/MCAM had the worst prognosis. In conclusion, we defined a CCL7-CCR1-SOX18 positive feedback loop that played a pivotal role in GC metastasis, and targeting this pathway may be a promising therapeutic option for the clinical management of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yunzhi Dang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Weibo Feng
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chenyang Qiao
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Danfei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tongyue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Limin Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
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26
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Lyu L, Zheng Y, Hong Y, Wang M, Deng Y, Wu Y, Xu P, Yang S, Wang S, Yao J, Zhang D, Guo Y, Lyu J, Dai Z. Comprehensive analysis of the prognostic value and immune function of chemokine-CXC receptor family members in breast cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106797. [PMID: 32702599 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been successfully used for treating melanoma. Unfortunately, many breast cancer (BC) patients show low response to ICIs due to the lack of infiltrating immune cells. Previous studies revealed that chemokine-CXC receptors (CXCRs) play a crucial role in leukocyte infiltration and promote cancer cell proliferation, migration, metastasis, and angiogenesis. However, the underlying functions of CXCRs in cancer-immunity cycle remain unclear. In this study, we firstly found that in comparison to normal tissues, BC tissues, especially basal-like BC, showed increased mRNA levels of CXCR3/4/5/6/8, but decreased CXCR1/2/7 expression using UALCAN and TIMER database. Interestingly, it's was found that the mRNA levels of CXCR3/4/5/6 were decreased in lymphocyte depleted of the BC immune subtype. Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis of distinct CXCRs indicated that CXCR3/4/5/6 were strongly associated to immune-related biological functions. Therefore, further analysis using TIMER and TISIDB database suggested that CXCR3/4/5/6 expression were strongly correlated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and immune checkpoints in BC. Finally, Kaplan-Meier Plotter analysis indicated that high mRNA expression of CXCR4 predicted worse relapse-free survival (RFS), whereas CXCR3/5/6 indicated better RFS in BC patients. These findings suggest a therapeutic value for CXCR3/4/5/6 in combination with ICIs for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Lyu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun Hong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujiao Deng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Si Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuqian Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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CCL19 suppresses gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through the CCL19/CCR7/AIM2 pathway. Hum Cell 2020; 33:1120-1132. [PMID: 32564199 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) has been reported to be an important inflammasome component that exerts tumor suppression in several tumors. However, whether CCL19/CCR7/AIM2 is involved in the progression of GC still remains unclear. Quantitative real-time and ELISA assay were used to determine the expressions of AIM2, CCL19 and CCR7 in GC tissues and cell lines. CCK-8, Edu staining, flow cytometry, Transwell assay, and tumorigenesis in nude mice were used to explore the function of AIM2 and CCL19 in vitro and in vivo. Apoptosis and inflammation-related biomarkers were detected by Western blot and ELISA assay. H&E staining was used to assess the histological changes in the subcutaneous tumor model. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate the expression of Ki-67. We found that expression levels of AIM2, CCL19 and CCR7 were obviously lower in early GC tissues than those in progressive GC tissues. In vitro assays revealed that CCL19 treatment could enhance the suppressive effects of AIM2 overexpression on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through CCR7. An in vivo assay also demonstrated that silencing of AIM2 reversed the suppressive effects of CCL19 on tumor growth. Collectively, CCL19 overexpression significantly inhibited GC cell proliferation and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo by up-regulating the CCR7/AIM2 pathway. Thus, CCL19 activated CCR7/AIM2 signaling pathway and it may be a potential therapeutic approach for GC therapy.
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28
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Chen X, Chen R, Jin R, Huang Z. The role of CXCL chemokine family in the development and progression of gastric cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:484-492. [PMID: 32269686 PMCID: PMC7137023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL) family plays an important role in inflammation. In order to understand the role of CXC chemokine family in carcinogenesis, this study explored a group of early gastric cancer (GC) patients, and assessed the level of CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) in blood samples of patients representing systemic circulation and tumor microenvironment, detected the expression of CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) in tumor tissues, and measured tumor infiltrating immune cell subsets. 69 patients with GC were included in a single center prospective study and were followed up for 6 years. The level of CXCL1-14 was determined by ELISA and the concentration gradient of chemokine was calculated. Western blot was used to detect the expression of CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, and CXCR4 in tumor tissue. CXCL1-14 expression was inhibited by siRNA in HGC27 cells and then the migration ability of HGC27 cells was detected by cell scratch test. The results of this study showed that the chemokine concentrations of CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCL11, and CXCL13 in peripheral blood and tumor drainage blood of patients without recurrence after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment. The concentrations of CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL4, CXCL5, CXCL7, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL12, CXCL13, and CXCL14 in peripheral blood and tumor drainage blood were significantly higher than those in patients without recurrence. Patients with low expression of CXCR1 and CXCR3 had lower AFP (alpha fetoprotein), smaller tumor volume, and lower TNM tumor stage. Patients with lower expression of CXCR2 and CXCR4 had higher AFP (alpha fetoprotein) level, larger tumor volume, and higher TNM tumor stage. After down-regulation of CXCLs expression, the migration ability of most cell lines was significantly inhibited. This study suggests that CXCL chemokine family plays an important role in the pathogenesis of GC and can be used as a marker for the development of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Renpin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Ruifang Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Zhejiang, P. R. China
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Lokeshwar BL, Kallifatidis G, Hoy JJ. Atypical chemokine receptors in tumor cell growth and metastasis. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 145:1-27. [PMID: 32089162 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) are seven-transmembrane cell surface protein receptors expressed in immune cells, normal mesenchymal cells, and several tumor cells. As of this writing, six ACKRs have been characterized by diverse activities. They bind both cysteine-cysteine (CC) type and cysteine-X-cysteine (CXC)-type chemokines, either alone, or together with a ligand bound-functional G-protein coupled (typical) chemokine receptor. The major structural difference between ACKRs and typical chemokine receptors is the substituted DRYLAIV amino acid motif in the second intracellular loop of the ACKR. Due to this substitution, these receptors cannot bind Gαi-type G-proteins responsible for intracellular calcium mobilization and cellular chemotaxis. Although initially characterized as non-signaling transmembrane receptors (decoy receptors) that attenuate ligand-induced signaling by GPCRs, studies of all ACKRs have shown ligand-independent and ligand-dependent transmembrane signaling in both non-tumor and tumor cells. The precise function and mechanism of the differential expression of ACKRs in many tumors are not understood well. The use of antagonists of ACKRs ligands has shown limited antitumor potential; however, depleting ACKR expression resulted in a reduction in experimental tumor growth and metastasis. The ACKRs represent a unique class of transmembrane signaling proteins that regulate growth, survival, and metastatic processes in tumor cells, affecting multiple pathways of tumor growth. Therefore, closer investigations of ACKRs have a high potential for identifying therapeutics which affect the intracellular signaling, preferentially via the ligand-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bal L Lokeshwar
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States; Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Administration Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.
| | - Georgios Kallifatidis
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States; Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Administration Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - James J Hoy
- LCMB Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Rojas A, Araya P, Gonzalez I, Morales E. Gastric Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1226:23-35. [PMID: 32030673 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36214-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A compelling body of evidence has demonstrated that gastric cancer has a very particular tumor microenvironment, a signature very suitable to promote tumor progression and metastasis. Recent investigations have provided new insights into the multiple molecular mechanisms, defined by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, supporting a very active cross talk between the components of the tumor microenvironment and thus defining the fate of tumor progression. In this review, we intend to highlight the role of very active contributors at gastric cancer TME, particularly cancer-associated fibroblasts, bone marrow-derived cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and tumor-infiltrating neutrophils, all of them surrounded by an overtime changing extracellular matrix. In addition, the very active cross talk between the components of the tumor microenvironment, defined by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, thus defining the fate of tumor progression, is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile.
| | - Paulina Araya
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Ileana Gonzalez
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Erik Morales
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
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Kim N, Ryu H, Kim S, Joo M, Jeon HJ, Lee MW, Song IC, Kim MN, Kim JM, Lee HJ. CXCR7 promotes migration and invasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by upregulating TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18100. [PMID: 31792315 PMCID: PMC6889124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54705-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR7 has been suggested to play important roles in the progression of several types of cancers. However, few studies have investigated the biological roles of CXCR7 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). CXCR7 expression and its clinical implications were examined in 103 HNSCC tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The biological roles and mechanisms of CXCR7-mediated signaling pathways were investigated in HNSCC cells through CXCR7 overexpression in vitro and in vivo. High expression of CXCR7 was significantly associated with tumor size (P = 0.007), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.004), and stage (P = 0.020) in HNSCC. Overexpression of CXCR7 in HNSCC cells enhanced cell migration and invasion in vitro and promoted lymph node metastasis in vivo. CXCR7 also induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition through PI3K/AKT. CXCR7 increased secretion of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and promoted EMT through phosphorylated Smad2/3. Taken together, our results provide functional and mechanistic roles of CXCR7 as a master regulator of oncogenic TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling in HNSCC, suggesting that CXCR7 might be a therapeutic target for the treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Hyewon Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Solbi Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Mina Joo
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Heung Jin Jeon
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Myung-Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Ik-Chan Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Mi-Na Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Lee
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.
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Xiao J, Lai H, Wei S, Ye Z, Gong F, Chen L. lncRNA HOTAIR promotes gastric cancer proliferation and metastasis via targeting miR-126 to active CXCR4 and RhoA signaling pathway. Cancer Med 2019; 8:6768-6779. [PMID: 31517442 PMCID: PMC6825996 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HOTAIR, a well-known long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), has been recognized to contribute to the tumor metastasis in several tumors. But its role in gastric cancer remains elusive. Here, we reported an increase in HOTAIR promoted proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cell lines. The HOTAIR and miR-126 level was determined in 15 paired primary gastric cancer tissues and their adjacent noncancerous gastric tissues. Over-expression or downregulation HOTAIR was conducted in AGS or BGC-823 cells to investigate the impact of HOTAIR in proliferation and metastasis. Then dual luciferase reporter assay was utilized to study the interaction between CXCR4 and miR-126. Cells transfected with shHOTAIR or miR-126 mimic were subjected to western blot to investigate the role of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling in HOTAIR mediated proliferation and metastasis. HOTAIR was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and several gastric cancer cell lines. Overexpressed HOTAIR facilitated proliferation and metastasis in vitro while HOTAIR knockdown inhibit proliferation and metastasis. A negative correlation was observed between miR-126 and HOTAIR. And, we also confirmed the decrease in miR-126 in clinic specimen. Furthermore, HOTAIR and miR-126 negatively regulated each other and then increase or decrease CXCR4 expression and downstream pathway, respectively. CXCR4 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-126. Our study demonstrated that high HOTAIR expression promote proliferation and metastasis in gastric cancer via miR-126/CXCR4 axis and downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryFujian Cancer HospitalFujian Medical University Cancer HospitalFuzhou350001China
| | - Hao Lai
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryGuangxi Cancer HospitalGuangxi Medical University Cancer HospitalNanning530001China
| | - Sheng‐Hong Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryFujian Cancer HospitalFujian Medical University Cancer HospitalFuzhou350001China
| | - Zai‐Sheng Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryFujian Cancer HospitalFujian Medical University Cancer HospitalFuzhou350001China
| | - Fu‐Sheng Gong
- Department of Molecular immune laboratoryFujian Cancer HospitalFujian Medical University Cancer HospitalFuzhou350001China
| | - Lu‐Chuan Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryFujian Cancer HospitalFujian Medical University Cancer HospitalFuzhou350001China
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Yu C, Zhang Y. Characterization of the prognostic values of CXCR family in gastric cancer. Cytokine 2019; 123:154785. [PMID: 31344595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of CXC chemokine receptors (CXCRs) in gastric cancer (GC) has been an increasing focus. However, comprehensive prognostic values of CXCR members in GC are yet to be clearly defined. METHODS Multiple public available datasets, including Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter, oncomine, the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), SurvExpress platform and the tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER), were used for mRNA expression and prognostic characterization. Nomogram method was used for clinical model prediction. RESULTS CXCR3, CXCR4 and CXCR5 displayed significantly up-regulated expression in tumor compared to normal. High mRNA expression of CXCR2 (HR = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.62-0.95, p = 0.014), CXCR3 (HR = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.61-0.90, p = 0.0024), CXCR4 (HR = 0.7, 95%CI: 0.58-0.86, p = 0.00048), CXCR5 (HR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.59-0.87, p = 0.00093) and CXCR6 (HR = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.54-0.81, p = 4.9e-05) was significantly associated with favorable overall survival (OS). The prognostic values of CXCR members were also explored in subtypes, including HER2 status, Lauren classification, pathological stages. The low risk group of CXCR signature displayed a significantly favorable OS compared to the high risk group (HR = 3.22, 95% CI = 2.21-4.69, p = 1.057e-09). Nomogram clinical models were established for both OS (C-index: 0.692; 95%CI: 0.648-0.736) and recurrence free survival (C-index: 0.731; 95%CI: 0.675-0.786). In addition, CXCR6 and CD8+T cells featured the highest correlation (partial-cor = 0.781, p = 4.17e-77). CONCLUSION This study identified distinct expression and prognostic values of CXCR members in GC using public databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Yu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200025, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200025, PR China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, PR China.
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College in Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Wang CY, Shang M, Zhou CL, Feng LZ, Zhou QS, Hu K. Mechanism of Cxc Chemokine Ligand 5 (CXCL5)/Cxc Chemokine Receptor 2 (CXCR2) Bio-Axis in Mice with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:5299-5305. [PMID: 31311916 PMCID: PMC6659456 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common acute and severe disease in clinic. Recent studies indicated that Cxc chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5), an inflammatory chemokine, was associated with tumorigenesis. The present study investigated the role of the CXCL5/Cxc chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) bio-axis in ARDS, and explored the underlying molecular mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS The pathological morphology of lung tissue and degree of pulmonary edema were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and pulmonary edema score, respectively. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the expression levels of CXCL5, CXCR2, Matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP2), and Matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9) in lung tissues. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the expression levels of CXCL5 and inflammatory factors (IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-10) in serum. RESULTS The results demonstrated that diffuse alveolar damage and pulmonary edema appeared in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS and were positively correlated with the severity of ARDS. In addition, CXCL5 and its receptor CXCR2 were overexpressed by upregulation of MMP2 and MMP9 in lung tissues of ARDS. In addition, CXCL5 neutralizing antibody effectively alleviated inflammatory response, diffuse alveolar damage, and pulmonary edema, and decreased the expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9 compared to LPS-induced ARDS. CONCLUSIONS We found that CXCL5/CXCR2 accelerated the progression of ARDS, partly by upregulation of MMP2 and MMP9 in lung tissues with the release of inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-yong Wang
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Min Shang
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Chen-liang Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Li-zhi Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Qing-shan Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ke Hu
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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Hussain M, Adah D, Tariq M, Lu Y, Zhang J, Liu J. CXCL13/CXCR5 signaling axis in cancer. Life Sci 2019; 227:175-186. [PMID: 31026453 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment comprises stromal and tumor cells which interact with each other through complex cross-talks that are mediated by a variety of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. The chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) and its chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5) are among the key chemotactic factors which play crucial roles in deriving cancer cell biology. CXCL13/CXCR5 signaling axis makes pivotal contributions to the development and progression of several human cancers. In this review, we discuss how CXCL13/CXCR5 signaling modulates cancer cell ability to grow, proliferate, invade, and metastasize. Furthermore, we also discuss the preliminary evidence on context-dependent functioning of this axis within the tumor-immune microenvironment, thus, highlighting its potential dichotomy with respect to anticancer immunity and cancer immune-evasion mechanisms. At the end, we briefly shed light on the therapeutic potential or implications of targeting CXCL13/CXCR5 axis within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammal Hussain
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Dickson Adah
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Heath, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, PR China
| | - Muqddas Tariq
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yongzhi Lu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, PR China
| | - Jiancun Zhang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, PR China.
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, PR China.
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Li D, Hao X, Dong Y, Zhang M, Song Y. PF4V1, an miRNA-875-3p target, suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in prostate cancer and serves as a potential prognostic biomarker. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:2299-2312. [PMID: 30962718 PMCID: PMC6432891 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s187831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PF4V1 is a novel protein in inflammation, angiogenesis, and cancer. However, the pathogenesis, underlying mechanisms, and the prognostic value of PF4V1 in prostate cancer (PCa) are still unclear. Materials and methods The PF4V1 expression and relation with survival were analyzed based on a large sample size in the Cancer Genome Atlas. In vitro, the overexpression of PF4V1 was conducted in DU145 and LNCaP cells. Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell® assays were preformed to test biological functions of PF4V1 and miR-875-3p in PCa. Western blotting was used to measure downstream markers in AKT pathways and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vivo experiments were performed to test the therapeutic effect of PF4V1 protein to PCa via a mouse model. Results The expression of PF4V1 was significantly lower in 497 PCa samples than in 52 normal controls (P=0.0012). High PF4V1 expression (normalized by TP53) was associated with poor disease-free survival (DFS) and good overall survival (OS) in PCa (P<0.05). PF4V1 was underexpressed in four PCa cell lines than in normal prostate cells. Overexpression of PF4V1 could significantly suppress the proliferation, migration, and invasion of DU145 and LNCaP cells (P<0.05). Moreover, miR-875-3p targeted the 3′-untranslated region of PF4V1 and derepressed the inhibitory function of PF4V1 in PCa (P<0.05). Key proteins such as p-AKT/p-ERK/Snail/Slug/N-cadherin were downregulated, while E-cadherin was upregulated when PF4V1 was overexpressed in PCa cells. Finally, intratumoral injection of PF4V1 protein could significantly inhibit PCa growth in vivo. Conclusion PF4V1 can suppress the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PCa cells by regulating AKT/ERK pathways and EMT. Elevated PF4V1/TP53 expression is correlated with poorer DFS and better OS in the patients with PCa. The miR-875-3p-PF4V1 axis may be a new therapeutic target site in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Xuanyu Hao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudi Dong
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Benxi, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Mo Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Yongsheng Song
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, ;
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Wang S, Zhang J, Chen G, Dong S. miR-761 inhibits human osteosarcoma progression by targeting CXCR1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:5327-5334. [PMID: 31949613 PMCID: PMC6963019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRs) are endogenous noncoding RNAs that participate in a variety of cellular processes by regulating multiple targets to promote or inhibit cell behaviors. Emerging evidence suggests that miR-761 plays important roles in human cancers to function as either a tumor suppressor gene or an oncogene. However, its biological role in osteosarcoma (OS) remains largely elusive. This study found the expression of miR-761 was significantly reduced in OS tissues and cell lines. CXC receptor-1 (CXCR1), an oncogene which was overexpressed in a variety of human cancers including OS, was identified as a novel target of miR-761 using bioinformatic, luciferase reporter, and western blot analyses. Cell function assays revealed that miR-761 could inhibit cell proliferation and invasion at least partially through targeting CXCR1. Collectively, our present study suggested that miR-761 may be a promising treatment biomarker for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, P. R. China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province)Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province)Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Suwei Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province)Kunming, P. R. China
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Radziejewska I, Supruniuk K, Nazaruk J, Karna E, Popławska B, Bielawska A, Galicka A. Rosmarinic acid influences collagen, MMPs, TIMPs, glycosylation and MUC1 in CRL-1739 gastric cancer cell line. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:397-407. [PMID: 30099344 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural phenylpropanoid with numerous pharmacological activities. Because of limited studies of the effects of RA action in gastric cancer cells we examined how 100 and 200 μM acid influences MMPs, TIMPs, collagen, MUC1 and specific sugar antigens in gastric adenocarcinoma CRL-1739 cells. We revealed inhibitory effect of RA on MMP-9 activity what was correlated with increased collagen type I expression, main ECM substrate degraded by MMPs. Tissue inhibitor of MMPs, TIMP-1 but not TIMP-2 was significantly decreased on the protein level and increased on mRNA level by RA action what can suggest TIMP-1 independent inhibitory action of an acid on MMP-9 activity. Glycosylation of gastric cancer proteins was also effected by RA. ELISA tests revealed inhibitory effect of an acid on Tn antigen in cell lysates and culture supernatant and on T antigen in cell lysates. RA inhibited also sialylated Tn antigen in protein of culture supernatant and sialyl T in cell lysates. Extracellular domain of MUC1 mucin, main carrier of Tn and T antigens was significantly inhibited by higher dose of RA. The data suggest potential usefulness of RA as a complementary agent supporting chemotherapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Radziejewska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-222 Białystok, Poland.
| | - K Supruniuk
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - J Nazaruk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - E Karna
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - B Popławska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - A Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - A Galicka
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
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Tao X, Yin L, Xu L, Peng J. Dioscin: A diverse acting natural compound with therapeutic potential in metabolic diseases, cancer, inflammation and infections. Pharmacol Res 2018; 137:259-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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40
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Zhang S, Kim W, Pham TT, Rogers AB, Houghton JM, Moss SF. Native and bone marrow-derived cell mosaicism in gastric carcinoma in H. pylori-infected p27-deficient mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69136-69148. [PMID: 27655701 PMCID: PMC5342465 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection promotes non-cardia gastric cancer. Some mouse models suggest that bone marrow derived cells (BMDC) contribute to Helicobacter-associated gastric carcinogenesis. We determined whether this increased susceptibility to Helicobacter-induced gastric carcinogenesis of p27-deficient mice is dependent upon their p27-null BMDC or their p27-null gastric epithelial cells. Design Female mice (recipients) were irradiated and transplanted with BMDC from male donors. Wild type (WT) mice in group 1 (control) received BMDC from male GFP-transgenic mice. Female WT and p27 KO mice were engrafted with male p27KO mice BMDC (Group 2) or GFP-transgenic WT BMDC (Group 3). Recipients were infected with H. pylori SS1 for one year. Results Mice lacking p27 in either the BM pool or gastric epithelium developed significantly more advanced gastric pathology, including high-grade dysplasia. Co-staining of donor BMDC in dysplastic gastric glands was confirmed by immunofluorescence. Gastric expression of IL-1 beta protein was reduced in groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.05 vs control) whereas expression of IFN-γ and chemokines MIP-1 beta, MIG, IP-10 and RANTES in group 2 were significantly higher than group 3. Conclusions Both bone marrow-derived and gastric epithelial cells contribute to the increased gastric cancer susceptibility of p27-deficient H. pylori-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhua Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Woojin Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Tu T Pham
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Arlin B Rogers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Jean Marie Houghton
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Steven F Moss
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Ryu H, Baek SW, Moon JY, Jo IS, Kim N, Lee HJ. C-C motif chemokine receptors in gastric cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 8:3-8. [PMID: 29285394 PMCID: PMC5738695 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Despite recent advances in molecular and clinical research, patients with gastric cancer at an advanced stage have a dismal prognosis and poor survival rates, and systemic treatment relies predominantly on traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. To improve patients' quality of life and survival, an improved understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms involved in gastric cancer progression and treatment resistance, and of its clinical application in the development of novel targeted therapies, is urgently required. Chemokines are a group of small chemotactic cytokines that interact with seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors, and this interaction serves a crucial role in various physiological processes, including organ development and the host immune response, to recruit cells to specific sites in the body. There is also accumulating evidence that chemokines and chemokine receptors (CCRs) contribute to tumor development and progression, as well as metastasis. However, research regarding the functional roles of chemokines and their receptors in cancer is dynamic and context-dependent, and much remains to be elucidated, although various aspects have been explored extensively. In gastric cancer, C-C motif CCRs are involved in the biological behavior of tumor cells, including the processes of growth, invasion and survival, as well as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In the present review, attention is given to the clinical relevance of C-C motif CCRs in the development, progression, and metastasis of gastric cancer, particularly CCR7 and CCR5, which have been investigated extensively, as well as their potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook Jo
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine Chungnam National University and Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine Chungnam National University and Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Chungnam National University and Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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Wang G, Sun J, Liu G, Fu Y, Zhang X. Bradykinin Promotes Cell Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, and Tumor Growth of Gastric Cancer Through ERK Signaling Pathway. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4444-4453. [PMID: 28464378 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK) has been reported to be involved in the progression of diverse types of cancer. In the present study, we investigated the possible role of BK in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth of gastric cancer (GC). Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assays. Cell migration and invasion were assessed by Transwell assays. Tumor growth of nude mice was detected by establishing subcutaneous xenograft tumor model. Silencing of bradykinin B1 receptor (B1R) and the bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R) was performed by transfecting cells with si-B1R and si-B2R, respectively. The protein expression levels of phospho-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and E-Cadherin were examined by Western blot. Data revealed that BK promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and the in vivo tumor growth of GC cells SGC-7901 and HGC-27. Furthermore, BK elevated the protein levels of p-ERK1/2, MMP-2, and MMP-9, but reduced E-Cadherin. In addition, by repressing B2R using si-B2R or inhibiting ERK signaling pathway using PD98059, BK-mediated promotion of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and upregulation of p-ERK1/2, MMP-2/9, as well as downregulation of E-Cadherin were attenuated. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that BK promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth by binding to B2R via ERK signaling pathway. Our findings may provide promising options for the further treatment of GC. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4444-4453, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiefu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
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Zheng L, Chen J, Zhou Z, He Z. Knockdown of long non-coding RNA HOXD-AS1 inhibits gastric cancer cell growth via inactivating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317705335. [PMID: 28475004 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA HOXD-AS1 (HOXD cluster antisense RNA 1) has been demonstrated to be closely associated with the progression of several tumors. However, the biological function of HOXD-AS1 and the underlying molecular mechanism in gastric cancer are still unclear. The expression of HOXD-AS1 in gastric cancer cell lines was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The association of HOXD-AS1 expression and clinical parameters was statistically analyzed by chi-square test. Cell viability, colony formation capacity, and phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in treated SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, colony formation assay, and western blot analysis, respectively. The results indicated that HOXD-AS1 was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer cells and clinically involved in tumor size, invasion depth, tumor-node-metastasis stages, regional lymph nodes, lymphatic metastasis, as well as distant metastasis. HOXD-AS1 knockdown dramatically inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation, colony formation capacity, and phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in vitro. In addition, HOXD-AS1 overexpression significantly promoted gastric cancer cell proliferation and colony formation capacity, whereas both Janus kinase small interfering RNAs and Janus kinase 2 inhibitor AG490 overturned these effects. Furthermore, xenograft assays confirmed the biological function of HOXD-AS1 in vivo. Taken together, our data elucidate that knockdown of HOXD-AS1 dramatically suppresses gastric cancer cell growth by inactivating the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway in vitro and in vivo, contributing to a better understanding of gastric cancer pathogenesis and providing a possible theoretical foundation for long non-coding RNA-directed diagnosis and therapy against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiangtao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhongyong Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhikuan He
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Liu W, Qian K, Wei X, Deng H, Zhao B, Chen Q, Zhang J, Liu H. miR‑27a promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of colorectal cancer by targeting FAM172A and acts as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3554-3564. [PMID: 28440497 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that mircroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in the development of colorectal cancer. In our previous study, FAM172A was demonstrated to be a novel tumor suppressor gene in CRC. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify whether the miR‑27a could be a diagnostic and prognostic marker and the regulatory relationships between miR‑27a and FAM172A. We demonstrated high levels of miR‑27a expression in tissues of patients with CRC as well as in CRC cell lines. There was a positive correlation between the levels of miR‑27a and the poor overall survival of patients with CRC. Furthermore, elevated levels of miR‑27a expression were associated with TNM stage and distant metastasis. Increased expression or inhibition of miR‑27a promoted or inhibited the metastasis of CRC cell lines, respectively. Moreover, we showed that miR‑27a directly targets the 3'-untranslated region of FAM172A mRNA by using a dual-luciferase assay. Increased or decreased expression of FAM172A expression was observed when miR‑27a expression was inhibited or elevated in the CRC cells, respectively. In summary, our study showed that miR‑27a expression is a diagnostic and prognostic marker and correlates with overall survival of patients with CRC. Therefore, it may be a therapeutic approach for preventing metastasis of CRC to inhibit expression of miR‑27a or increase expression of FAM172A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Kai Qian
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xing Wei
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Haijun Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Bei Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jinqian Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Regorafenib inhibited gastric cancer cells growth and invasion via CXCR4 activated Wnt pathway. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177335. [PMID: 28489887 PMCID: PMC5425213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Regorafenib is an oral small-molecule multi kinase inhibitor. Recently, several clinical trials have revealed that regorafenib has an anti-tumor activity in gastric cancer. However, only part of patients benefit from regorafenib, and the mechanisms of regorafenib's anti-tumor effect need further demonstrating. In this study, we would assess the potential anti-tumor effects and the underlying mechanisms of regorafenib in gastric cancer cells, and explore novel biomarkers for patients selecting of regorafenib. METHODS The anti-tumor effects of regorafenib on gastric cancer cells were analyzed via cell proliferation and invasion. The underlying mechanisms were demonstrated using molecular biology techniques. RESULTS We found that regorafenib inhibited cell proliferation and invasion at the concentration of 20μmol/L and in a dose dependent manner. The anti-tumor effects of regorafenib related to the decreased expression of CXCR4, and elevated expression and activation of CXCR4 could reverse the inhibition effect of regorafenib on gastric cancer cells. Further studies revealed that regorafenib reduced the transcriptional activity of Wnt/β-Catenin pathway and led to decreased expression of Wnt pathway target genes, while overexpression and activation of CXCR4 could attenuate the inhibition effect of regorafenib on Wnt/β-Catenin pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that regorafenib effectively inhibited cell proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells via decreasing the expression of CXCR4 and further reducing the transcriptional activity of Wnt/β-Catenin pathway.
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Xin Q, Zhang N, Yu HB, Zhang Q, Cui YF, Zhang CS, Ma Z, Yang Y, Liu W. CXCR7/CXCL12 axis is involved in lymph node and liver metastasis of gastric carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3053-3065. [PMID: 28533662 PMCID: PMC5423042 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i17.3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)-7 and CXCL12 in lymph node and liver metastasis of gastric carcinoma. METHODS In 160 cases of gastric cancer, the expression of CXCR7 and CXCL12 in tumor and matched tumor-adjacent non-cancer tissues, in the lymph nodes around the stomach and in the liver was detected using immunohistochemistry to analyze the relationship between CXCR7/CXCL12 expression and clinicopathological features and to determine whether CXCR7 and CXCL12 constitute a biological axis to promote lymph node and liver metastasis of gastric cancer. Furthermore, the CXCR7 gene was silenced and overexpressed in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells, and cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness were measured by the MTT, wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. RESULTS CXCR7 expression was up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues (P = 0.011). CXCR7/CXCL12 expression was significantly related to high tumor stage and lymph node (r = 0.338, P = 0.000) and liver metastasis (r = 0.629, P = 0.000). The expression of CXCL12 in lymph node and liver metastasis was higher than that in primary gastric cancer tissues (χ2 = 6.669, P = 0.010; χ2 = 25379, P = 0.000), and the expression of CXCL12 in lymph node and liver metastasis of gastric cancer was consistent with the positive expression of CXCR7 in primary gastric cancer (r = 0.338, P = 0.000; r = 0.629, P = 0.000). Overexpression of the CXCR7 gene promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Silencing of the CXCR7 gene suppressed SGC-7901 cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Human gastric cancer cell lines expressed CXCR7 and showed vigorous proliferation and migratory responses to CXCL12. CONCLUSION The CXCR7/CXCL12 axis is involved in lymph node and liver metastasis of gastric cancer. CXCR7 is considered a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Zhang Z, Liu F, Li Z, Wang D, Li R, Sun C. Jak3 is involved in CCR7-dependent migration and invasion in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3191-3197. [PMID: 28521425 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with cervical lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) exhibit a poor prognosis and low 5-year survival rate. It has been proven that chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) promotes cellular migration and invasion in metastatic SCCHN. In the present study, the metastatic SCCHN PCI-37B cell line was utilized to explore the role of Janus activated kinase-3 (Jak3) in the CCR7-mediated signaling pathway in metastatic SCCHN cells. It was observed that phospho-Jak3 was expressed in SCCHN tissues. In addition, when the PCI-37B cells were analyzed in response to chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19), the ligand of CCR7, at the indicated time points, the results of the present study demonstrated that CCR7 induced Jak3 activation, and inhibition of Jak3 activity using a specific inhibitor, ZM39923, significantly attenuated CCR7-induced Jak3 phosphorylation. Migration and invasion assays and immunofluorescence staining experiments demonstrated that CCL19 promoted cell migration, invasion and F-actin rearrangment in CCR7-expressing SCCHN cells partially due to the activation of the Jak3 signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that the Jak3 signaling pathway is important for the CCR7-induced malignant biological behavior of SCCHN cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongti Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Fayu Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Zhenning Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Ruiwu Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Changfu Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
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Bagheri V, Memar B, Momtazi AA, Sahebkar A, Gholamin M, Abbaszadegan MR. Cytokine networks and their association with Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2791-2803. [PMID: 28121015 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine networks as dynamic networks are pivotal aspects of tumor immunology, especially in gastric cancer (GC), in which infection, inflammation, and antitumor immunity are key elements of disease progression. In this review, we describe functional roles of well-known GC-modulatory cytokines, highlight the functions of cytokines with more recently described roles in GC, and emphasize the therapeutic potential of targeting the complex cytokine milieu. We also focus on the role of Helicobacter pylori (HP)-induced inflammation in GC and discuss how HP-induced chronic inflammation can lead to the induction of stem cell hyperplasia, morphological changes in gastric mucosa and GC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Bagheri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Human Genetic Division, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahram Memar
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Emam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Student Research Committee, Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Gholamin
- Human Genetic Division, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Human Genetic Division, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Lei X, Wang F, Ke Y, Wei D, Gu H, Zhang Z, Jiang L, Lv L, Lin J, Wang L. The role of antiangiogenic agents in the treatment of gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6301. [PMID: 28272258 PMCID: PMC5348206 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival of advanced gastric cancer (GC) is dismal, and effects of antiangiogenic agents remain inconclusive. The purpose of this study is to assess combination of chemotherapy with antiangiogenic therapy versus traditional chemotherapy. METHODS To achieve the goal of scientific rigor, statistics from both referenced works and experiments were analyzed. We carefully searched for the referenced works by retrieving, as well as analyzing, literature databases for information on antiangiogenic therapy compared to other therapeutic approaches used to treat GC patients. Two groups were defined in the experiment: experimental and control groups. The experimental group was treated with antiangiogenic drug, and the control group was treated with standard chemotherapy or placebo. RESULTS The study included a total of 3240 participants. Overall, there was significant improvement in overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67-0.91, P = 0.002), progression-free survival (HR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.52-0.81, P = 0.0002), objective response rate (risk ratio [RR] = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.33-1.88, P < 0.00001), and disease control rate (RR 2.44, 95% CI: 1.57-3.78, P < 0.0001) in the group with antiangiogenic drug versus the group with standard chemotherapy or placebo. Moreover, this new treatment approach showed tolerable toxicity. CONCLUSION This study confirms the superior efficacy of combination therapy with antiangiogenic agents in comparison to traditional chemotherapy regimens for patients with GC. Moreover, this new treatment approach showed tolerable toxicity. This meta-analysis provides important information for clinicians who are interested in using antiangiogenic therapies to treat GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yang Ke
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan
| | - Hou Gu
- Department of Medical Oncology
| | | | | | - Li Lv
- Department of Medical Oncology
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan
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Ma HY, Liu XZ, Liang CM. Inflammatory microenvironment contributes to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6619-6628. [PMID: 27547005 PMCID: PMC4970470 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i29.6619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy in the world. The major cause of GC is chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Infection with H. pylori leads to an active inflammatory microenvironment that is maintained by immune cells such as T cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, among other cells. Immune cell dysfunction allows the initiation and accumulation of mutations in GC cells, inducing aberrant proliferation and protection from apoptosis. Meanwhile, immune cells can secrete certain signals, including cytokines, and chemokines, to alter intracellular signaling pathways in GC cells. Thus, GC cells obtain the ability to metastasize to lymph nodes by undergoing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereby epithelial cells lose their epithelial attributes and acquire a mesenchymal cell phenotype. Metastasis is a leading cause of death for GC patients, and the involved mechanisms are still under investigation. In this review, we summarize the current research on how the inflammatory environment affects GC initiation and metastasis via EMT.
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