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Esmaeili N, Bakheet A, Tse W, Liu S, Han X. Interaction of the intestinal cytokines-JAKs-STAT3 and 5 axes with RNA N6-methyladenosine to promote chronic inflammation-induced colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1352845. [PMID: 39136000 PMCID: PMC11317299 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1352845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers, with a high mortality rate worldwide. Mounting evidence indicates that mRNA modifications are crucial in RNA metabolism, transcription, processing, splicing, degradation, and translation. Studies show that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is mammalians' most common epi-transcriptomic modification. It has been demonstrated that m6A is involved in cancer formation, progression, invasion, and metastasis, suggesting it could be a potential biomarker for CRC diagnosis and developing therapeutics. Cytokines, growth factors, and hormones function in JAK/STAT3/5 signaling pathway, and they could regulate the intestinal response to infection, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. Reports show that the JAK/STAT3/5 pathway is involved in CRC development. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3/5 (STAT3, STAT5) can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in the context of tissue types. Also, epigenetic modifications and mutations could alter the balance between pro-oncogenic and tumor suppressor activities of the STAT3/5 signaling pathway. Thus, exploring the interaction of cytokines-JAKs-STAT3 and/or STAT5 with mRNA m6A is of great interest. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the characteristics and functions of m6A and JAKs-STAT3/5 and their relationship with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nardana Esmaeili
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center (MHMC), Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center (MHMC), Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ahmed Bakheet
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center (MHMC), Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center (MHMC), Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - William Tse
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center (MHMC), Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Shujun Liu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center (MHMC), Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Xiaonan Han
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center (MHMC), Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center (MHMC), Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cancer Genomics and Epigenomics Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), Cleveland, OH, United States
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Deng Y, Song L, Huang J, Zhou W, Liu Y, Lu X, Zhao H, Liu D. Astragalus polysaccharides ameliorates experimental colitis by regulating memory B cells metabolism. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 394:110969. [PMID: 38522565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
It is well-established that the reduced Memory B cells (MBCs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), rendering them a potential therapeutic target for UC intervention. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), a primary active constituent derived from the classic traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus membranaceus (AM), has been used for centuries in the treatment of UC in both human and animal subjects due to its renowned immunomodulatory properties. However, it is unknown whether APS can regulate MBCs to alleviate experimental colitis. In the present investigation, the murine colitis was successfully induced using dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) and subsequently treated with APS for a duration of 7 days. APS exhibited significant efficacy in reducing the disease activity index (DAI), colonic weight index, the index of colonic weight/colonic length. Furthermore, APS mitigated colonic pathological injuries, restored the colonic length, elevated the immunoglobulin A (IgA), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin (IL)-10 levels, while concurrently suppressing IgG, IgM, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels. Crucially, the quantities of MBCs, IgA+MBCs and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3+) MBCs were notably increased along with a concurrent decrease in IgG1+MBCs, IG2a+MBCs, IgG2b+MBCs after APS administration in colitis mice. Additionally, the Mitotracker red expressions of MBCs and their subgroups demonstrated a significantly up-regulation. Meanwhile, the transcriptomics analysis identified mitochondrial metabolism as the predominant and pivotal mechanism underlying APS-mediated mitigation of DSS-induced colitis. Key differentially expressed genes, including B-cell linker (BLNK), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL-6), B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1), paired box gene 5 (PAX5), purinergic 2 × 7 receptor (P2X7R), B Cell activation factor (BAFF), B Cell activation factor receptor (BAFFR), CD40, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), IL-6 and so on were implicated in this process. These mRNA expressions were validated through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. These findings revealed that APS effectively restored MBCs and their balance to ameliorate DSS-induced colitis, which was potentially realized via promoting mitochondrial metabolism to maintain MBCs activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Deng
- Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lizhao Song
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330052, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330052, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiuyun Lu
- Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330052, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Haimei Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China; Formula-Pattern Research Center of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Duanyong Liu
- Formula-Pattern Research Center of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China; School of Nursing, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Wan Q, Huang J, Xiao Q, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Huang L, Deng Y, Deng B, Zhao H, Zhong Y, Liu D. Astragalus Polysaccharide Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating the Balance of mTh17/mTreg Cells through TIGIT/CD155 Signaling. Molecules 2024; 29:241. [PMID: 38202824 PMCID: PMC10780736 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The balance between memory Th17 cells (mTh17) and memory Treg cells (mTreg) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), and TIGIT signaling is involved in the differentiation of mTh17/mTreg cells. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has good immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, the regulatory effects and potential mechanisms of APS on mTh17/mTreg cells in UC are explored. A UC model was induced with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and treated simultaneously with APS (200 mg/kg/day) for 10 days. After APS treatment, the mice showed a significant increase in colonic length and a significant decrease in colonic weight, colonic weight index and colonic weight/colonic length, and more intact mucosa and lighter inflammatory cell infiltration. Notably, APS significantly down-regulated the percentages of Th17 (CD4+CCR6+), cmTh17 (CD4+CCR7+CCR6+) and emTh17 (CD4+CCR7-CCR6+) cells and significantly up-regulated the percentages of cmTreg (CD4+CCR7+Foxp3+) and emTreg (CD4+CCR7-Foxp3+) cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes of the colitis mice. Importantly, APS reversed the expression changes in the TIGIT molecule on mTh17/mTreg cells in the colitis mice with fewer CD4+CCR6+TIGIT+, CD4+CCR7-CCR6+TIGIT+ and CD4+CCR7-CCR6+TIGIT+ cells and more CD4+Foxp3+TIGIT+, CD4+CCR7-Foxp3+TIGIT+ and CD4+CCR7-Foxp3+TIGIT+ cells. Meanwhile, APS significantly inhibited the protein expression of the TIGIT ligands CD155, CD113 and CD112 and downstream proteins PI3K and AKT in the colon tissues of the colitis mice. In conclusion, APS effectively alleviated DSS-induced UC in mice by regulating the balance between mTh17/mTreg cells, which was mainly achieved through regulation of the TIGIT/CD155 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wan
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (Q.W.); (J.H.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (Q.W.); (J.H.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Qiuping Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China;
| | - Zeyun Zhang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (Q.W.); (J.H.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Zheyan Zhang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (Q.W.); (J.H.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (Q.W.); (J.H.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Yifei Deng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (Y.D.); (B.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Bailing Deng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (Y.D.); (B.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haimei Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (Y.D.); (B.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Youbao Zhong
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (Q.W.); (J.H.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.H.)
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Duanyong Liu
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
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Yue X, Hao W, Wang M, Fu Y. Astragalus polysaccharide ameliorates insulin resistance in HepG2 cells through activating the STAT5/IGF-1 pathway. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1071. [PMID: 38018587 PMCID: PMC10664394 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) is considered as a major factor initiating type 2 diabetes mellitus and can lead to a reduction in glucose uptake that mainly occurs in the liver. Astragalus polysaccharide (APC), extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine, has been recorded to suppress IR. However, the underlying mechanism remains inadequately explored. METHODS IR was induced in HepG2 cells which further underwent APC treatment. Cell viability was determined by cell counting kit-8 assay. Pretreatment with AG490, an inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) signaling, was performed for investigating the influence of STAT5 on APC. Glucose uptake level was reflected by 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate content determined through colorimetric assay. Expression levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), phosphorylated-STAT5/STAT5, and p-protein kinase B (AKT)/AKT in the cells were assessed by Western blot. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to detect IGF-1 secretion in the cells. RESULTS APC at doses of 10 and 20 mg increased the viability of HepG2 cells with/without IR induction, and abrogated IR-induced inhibition of glucose intake. Meanwhile, APC (10 mg) offset IR-induced inhibition on the expressions of IGF-1R and IGF-1, the activation of AKT and STAT5, and the secretion of IGF-1 in HepG2 cells. More importantly, the reversal effect of APC on IR-induced alterations in HepG2 cells was counteracted by AG490. CONCLUSION APC ameliorates IR in HepG2 cells through activating the STAT5/IGF-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Yue
- Department of Clinical CollegeHE UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Clinical CollegeHE UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Clinical CollegeHE UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryGeneral Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyangLiaoningChina
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Yang Y, Xiao G, Cheng P, Zeng J, Liu Y. Protective Application of Chinese Herbal Compounds and Formulae in Intestinal Inflammation in Humans and Animals. Molecules 2023; 28:6811. [PMID: 37836654 PMCID: PMC10574200 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder with uncertain pathophysiology and causation that has significantly impacted both the physical and mental health of both people and animals. An increasing body of research has demonstrated the critical role of cellular signaling pathways in initiating and managing intestinal inflammation. This review focuses on the interactions of three cellular signaling pathways (TLR4/NF-κB, PI3K-AKT, MAPKs) with immunity and gut microbiota to explain the possible pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation. Traditional medicinal drugs frequently have drawbacks and negative side effects. This paper also summarizes the pharmacological mechanism and application of Chinese herbal compounds (Berberine, Sanguinarine, Astragalus polysaccharide, Curcumin, and Cannabinoids) and formulae (Wumei Wan, Gegen-Qinlian decoction, Banxia xiexin decoction) against intestinal inflammation. We show that the herbal compounds and formulae may influence the interactions among cell signaling pathways, immune function, and gut microbiota in humans and animals, exerting their immunomodulatory capacity and anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. This demonstrates their strong potential to improve gut inflammation. We aim to promote herbal medicine and apply it to multispecies animals to achieve better health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (P.C.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory, Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (P.C.)
| | - Pi Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (P.C.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory, Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (P.C.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory, Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yisong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (P.C.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory, Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Changsha 410125, China
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Wang X, Li X, Zhang L, An L, Guo L, Huang L, Gao W. Recent progress in plant-derived polysaccharides with prebiotic potential for intestinal health by targeting gut microbiota: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-30. [PMID: 37651130 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2248631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Natural products of plant origin are of high interest and widely used, especially in the food industry, due to their low toxicity and wide range of bioactive properties. Compared to other plant components, the safety of polysaccharides has been generally recognized. As dietary fibers, plant-derived polysaccharides are mostly degraded in the intestine by polysaccharide-degrading enzymes secreted by gut microbiota, and have potential prebiotic activity in both non-disease and disease states, which should not be overlooked, especially in terms of their involvement in the treatment of intestinal diseases and the promotion of intestinal health. This review elucidates the regulatory effects of plant-derived polysaccharides on gut microbiota and summarizes the mechanisms involved in targeting gut microbiota for the treatment of intestinal diseases. Further, the structure-activity relationships between different structural types of plant-derived polysaccharides and the occurrence of their prebiotic activity are further explored. Finally, the practical applications of plant-derived polysaccharides in food production and food packaging are summarized and discussed, providing important references for expanding the application of plant-derived polysaccharides in the food industry or developing functional dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingzhuo An
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Hou M, Leng Y, Shi Y, Tan Z, Min X. Astragalus membranaceus as a Drug Candidate for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Preclinical Evidence. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2023; 51:1501-1526. [PMID: 37530507 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory disorders that include Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Today, IBD has no successful treatment. As a result, it is of paramount importance to develop novel therapeutic agents for IBD prevention and treatment. Astragalus membranaceus (AMS) is a traditional Chinese medicine found in the AMS root. Modern pharmacological studies indicate that AMS and its constituents exhibit multiple bioactivities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, immune regulatory, anticancer, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, expectorant, and diuretic effects. AMS and its active constituents, which have been reported to be effective in IBD treatment, are believed to be viable candidate drugs for IBD treatment. These underlying mechanisms are associated with anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, immunomodulation, intestinal epithelial repair, gut microbiota homeostasis, and improved energy metabolism. In this review, we summarize the efficacy and underlying mechanisms involved in IBD treatment with AMS and its active constituents in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yufang Leng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yajing Shi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Tan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhen Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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Wang Y, Song X, Wang Z, Li Z, Geng Y. Effects of Pine Pollen Polysaccharides and Sulfated Polysaccharides on Ulcerative Colitis and Gut Flora in Mice. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061414. [PMID: 36987195 PMCID: PMC10058757 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are important biological macromolecules in all organisms, and have recently been studied as therapeutic agents for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the effects of Pinus yunnanensis pollen polysaccharides on ulcerative colitis remains unknown. In this study, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was used to induce the UC model to investigate the effects of Pinus yunnanensis pollen polysaccharides (PPM60) and sulfated polysaccharides (SPPM60) on UC. We evaluated the improvement of polysaccharides on UC by analyzing the levels of intestinal cytokines, serum metabolites and metabolic pathways, intestinal flora species diversity, and beneficial and harmful bacteria. The results show that purified PPM60 and its sulfated form SPPM60 effectively alleviated the disease progression of weight loss, colon shortening and intestinal injury in UC mice. On the intestinal immunity level, PPM60 and SPPM60 increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-10, and IL-13) and decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). On the serum metabolism level, PPM60 and SPPM60 mainly regulated the abnormal serum metabolism of UC mice by regulating the energy-related and lipid-related metabolism pathways, respectively. On the intestinal flora level, PPM60 and SPPM60 reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria (such as Akkermansia and Aerococcus) and induced the abundance of beneficial bacteria (such as lactobacillus). In summary, this study is the first to evaluate the effects of PPM60 and SPPM60 on UC from the joint perspectives of intestinal immunity, serum metabolomics, and intestinal flora, which may provide an experimental basis for plant polysaccharides as an adjuvant clinical treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yue Geng
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18853119492
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Hu HC, Zhang W, Xiong PY, Song L, Jia B, Liu XL. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of astragalus polysaccharide in ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1043236. [PMID: 36532736 PMCID: PMC9755193 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1043236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Accumulated evidence indicates that astragalus polysaccharide (APS) may have a beneficial impact on ulcerative colitis (UC) by suppressing inflammation and decreasing oxidative stress. Nevertheless, the credibility of the evidence for this practice is unclear. Therefore, we intended to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies to assess the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of APS when used in the treatment of UC. Methods: Electronic bibliographic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM), Wanfang Database, CQVIP Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were retrieved for relevant animal studies. The methodological quality of animal studies was evaluated based on the SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE's RoB tool). A meta-analysis was performed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions by using STATA 12.0 software. This study was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42021272595. Results: Twenty qualified publications involving 591 animals were included in this study. There was a significant association of APS with levels of disease activity index (DAI), colon macroscopic damage index (CMDI), colon histopathologic score (CHS), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) compared with that in the control group. Sensitivity analysis that eliminated one study at each stage did not change these results. Egger's test and funnel plot showed that publication bias was existed. Conclusion: In this meta-analysis, APS treatment significantly mitigated colonic damage by reducing the levels of MPO, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MDA and recovering the SOD activity. These results demonstrated a protective role of APS in the treatment of UC and showed that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity were implicated in the underlying mechanisms. Hence, APS may represent a promising candidate for treating UC. However, due to potential publication bias, a cautious interpretation is needed. Systematic Review Registration: (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bo Jia
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing-Long Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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A Potential Role of Plant/Macrofungi/Algae-Derived Non-Starch Polysaccharide in Colitis Curing: Review of Possible Mechanisms of Action. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196467. [PMID: 36235004 PMCID: PMC9573148 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multiple in vitro and in vivo model investigations have suggested a broad spectrum of potential mechanisms by which plant/macrofungi-derived non-starch polysaccharides may play a role in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This article reviews the in vivo and in vitro evidence of different plant-derived polysaccharides for IBD therapy. Their underlying mechanisms, particularly the molecular mechanisms associated with protective effects in the treatment and prevention of IDB, have been well summarized, including anti-inflammatory, epithelial barrier repair, and the regulation of intestinal flora. Emerging studies have observed the potent role of probiotics in IBD, particularly its ability to modulate gut microbiota, a well-known key factor for IBD. In summary, plant/macrofungi-derived polysaccharides have the potential to be a promising agent for the adjuvant treatment and prevention of IBD and will contribute to the design of well-designed clinical intervention trials that will ultimately improve the therapy of IBD.
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Zhong Y, Xiao Q, Kang Z, Huang J, Ge W, Wan Q, Wang H, Zhou W, Zhao H, Liu D. Astragalus polysaccharide alleviates ulcerative colitis by regulating the balance of Tfh/Treg cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109108. [PMID: 35926271 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory function of natural active ingredients has long been a focus of scientific research, with recent hotspots reporting targeted modulation of the follicular helper T cells (Tfh)/regulatory T cells (Treg) balance as an emerging strategy for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Here, dextran sodium sulfate induced mice UC and Astragalus polysaccharide (APS, 200 mg/kg/day) was administered simultaneously. In this study, APS effectively alleviated colitis in mice by improving survival rate, disease activity index (DAI), the change rate of body weight, colonic length and weight, and histopathological injury of the colon. Moreover, APS regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-23, Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-ɑ, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in colonic tissues of colitis mice. Importantly, APS significantly downregulated Tfh cell and the expression of its related nuclear transcription factors Blimp-1 and Bcl-6, and cytokine IL-21. Meanwhile, APS regulated the differentiation of Tfh subpopulations in colitis mice, with Tfh10 and Tfr significantly upregulated while Tfh1, Tfh17, and Tfh21 significantly downregulated. In addition, APS significantly upregulated Treg cells and the levels of its associated nuclear transcription factor Foxp3, and cytokine IL-10 in colitis mice. In conclusion, APS effectively alleviated UC by reshaping the balance of Tfh/Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbao Zhong
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China; Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Qiuping Xiao
- Research and Development Department, Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zengping Kang
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China; Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China; Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China; Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China; Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Haimei Zhao
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Duanyong Liu
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Linghu KG, Ma Q, Xiong SH, Zhao M, Chen Q, Xu W, Chen M, Zhang JY, Hu Y, Xu W, Yu H. The “whole ingredients extract” of Astragali Radix improves the symptoms of dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice through systemic immunomodulation. Chin Med 2022; 17:109. [PMID: 36109750 PMCID: PMC9479389 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00661-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common inflammatory intestinal disease. Astragali Radix (AR) is one of the traditional Chinese medicines used in clinic for UC treatment. In our previous study, the whole ingredient extract (WIE) from AR have been proved to possess better immunomodulatory effects on immunosuppressed mice compared with the conventional water extraction (WAE). In the present study, we further evaluated the therapeutic effects of WIE against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC in mice through systemic immune regulation. Methods Gradient solvent extraction has been used to prepare the WIE of AR. The HPLC–MS analysis approach has been employed to analyze and compare the chemical differences between WAE and WIE. UC model was reproduced in 3% DSS-induced C57BL/6 mice for 6 days. Flow cytometric analysis for splenic lymphocyte subset. ELISA kits were used to determine the cytokines in the serum and colon tissues. The histopathological characteristics of colon were evaluated by hematoxylin–eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Results The chemical compositions and the contents of main active ingredients were more abundant and higher in WIE than those in WAE. The WIE treatment altered a better action on reducing colitis disease activity index (DAI) and histological scores, as well as the recovered body weight and increased colon length in mice compared to the WAE group. Additionally, WIE showed better effects in recovering the levels of peripheral white blood cells in blood and cytokines (IL-2, IL-6 and MCP-1) in serum or colon tissues, improving the percentage of CD3+ and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in the spleen, and inhibiting the spleen enlargement in DSS-induced UC mice. Conclusions WIE has a more complete chemical composition than WAE. Meanwhile, WIE possesses better therapeutic effects on UC through resuming dysfunctional immunity in mice.
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Zhong Y, Liu W, Xiong Y, Li Y, Wan Q, Zhou W, Zhao H, Xiao Q, Liu D. Astragaloside Ⅳ alleviates ulcerative colitis by regulating the balance of Th17/Treg cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154287. [PMID: 35752072 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restoring immune homeostasis by targeting the Th17/Treg response is a potentially valuable therapeutic strategy for ulcerative colitis (UC). Astragaloside IV (AS-Ⅳ) is a phytochemical naturally occurring in Astragalus membranaceus that has good anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-stress properties. However, the effects of AS-IV on the homeostasis of Th17/Treg cells in colitis mice remains unknown. PURPOSE To investigate the protective effects and potential immunomodulatory mechanisms of AS-IV on UC. METHODS This study was constructed for DSS-induced acute colitis and recurrent colitis, with AS-IV administered prophylactically and therapeutically, respectively. The balance of Th17/Treg cells was analyzed by flow cytometry, their specific nuclear transcription factors were detected by RT-PCR as well as their secreted inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA and RT-PCR. Notch signaling-related proteins were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Oxidative stress indicators were measured by biochemical technology. RESULTS In this study, AS-IV treatment not only effectively prevented and alleviated the clinical symptoms of DSS-induced colitis mice, including weight loss, DAI soaring, colon length shortening and colon weight gain, but also significantly improved ulcer formation, inflammatory cell infiltration and index, and regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in colon tissues. Importantly, the efficacy of high-dose AS-IV (100 mg/kg/day) in mice with recurrent colitis in this study was comparable to that of 5-ASA. AS-IV early administration was able to reshape the homeostasis of Th17/Treg cells in mice with acute colitis; meanwhile, AS-IV inhibited Th17 cell responses and promoted Treg cell responses in mice with recurrent colitis. Moreover, AS-IV not only inhibited the activation of Notch signaling pathway in colitis mice, but also prevented and ameliorated DSS-induced oxidative stress injury. CONCLUSION In conclusion, AS-IV effectively prevented and alleviated UC by reshaping Th17/Treg cell homeostasis and anti-oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbao Zhong
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China; Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Research and Development Department, Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Yanxia Xiong
- Research and Development Department, Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Yingmeng Li
- Research and Development Department, Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China; Nanchang Medical college, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Haimei Zhao
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Qiuping Xiao
- Research and Development Department, Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China.
| | - Duanyong Liu
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China.
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Yuan S, Li Y, Li J, Xue JC, Wang Q, Hou XT, Meng H, Nan JX, Zhang QG. Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products: Potential Approaches for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:892790. [PMID: 35873579 PMCID: PMC9301246 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.892790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a rare, recurrent, and intractable inflammation obstruction of the stomach tract, usually accompanied by inflammation of cell proliferation and inflammation of the colon and carries a particular cause of inflammation. The clinical use of drugs in western countries affects IBD treatment, but various adverse effects and high prices limit their application. For these reasons, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is more advantageous in treating IBD. This paper reviews the mechanism and research status of TCM and natural products in IBD treatment by analyzing the relevant literature to provide a scientific and theoretical basis for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - You Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Yanbian University College of Basic Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Jia-Chen Xue
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Yanbian University College of Basic Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Hou
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Huan Meng
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Qing-Gao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Yanbian University College of Basic Medicine, Yanji, China
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Guo Y, Li Y, Cao Q, Ye L, Wang J, Guo M. The Function of Natural Polysaccharides in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:927855. [PMID: 35860025 PMCID: PMC9289104 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.927855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease that is persistent and nonspecific. There are several medications available for the treatment of UC. However, conventional UC medications have substantial adverse effects, low clinical effectiveness, and a high recurrence rate. Therefore, it is critical to discover new medicines that are both safe and effective for UC patients. Natural polysaccharides offer a wide range of pharmacological benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, anti-tumor, anti-aging, immune enhancement, and gut flora regulation. In the therapy of UC, natural polysaccharides can modulate inflammatory factors, the immune system, and intestinal flora, and preserve the intestinal mucosa. It demonstrates a good curative effect and is of safety to use, thereby being a potential treatment for UC patients. This paper covers the structure, the pharmacological effects on UC, and the mechanisms of natural polysaccharides. Finally, limitations, challenges, and perspectives are discussed. It is hoped that the findings of this publication will inspire more natural polysaccharides research and provide a theoretical foundation for the creation of new UC medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Leilei Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junmei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mei Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Provincial Colleges, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Mei Guo,
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Wang YJ, Li QM, Zha XQ, Luo JP. Intervention and potential mechanism of non-starch polysaccharides from natural resources on ulcerative colitis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:545-564. [PMID: 35513106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology that affects the colon and rectum. It has evolved into a global burden due to the high incidence in developed countries and the highly-increased incidence in developing countries. Non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) from natural resources, as a type of functional carbohydrates, have a significant therapeutic effect on UC because of their good anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Based on the etiology and pathogenesis of UC, this review summarizes the intervention effects and mechanisms of NSPs in the prevention and treatment of UC. The results showed that NSPs can improve UC by protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier, regulating the immune response of the intestinal mucosa, and remodeling the intestinal flora and metabolites. These contents provide theoretical basis for the application of polysaccharides in the prevention and treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qiang-Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jian-Ping Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China.
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He X, Liu L, Luo X, Zhu J, Yang H, Wang J, Chen L, Zhong L. Astragalus Polysaccharide Relieves Inflammatory Responses in Guinea Pigs with Allergic Rhinitis via Ameliorating NF-kB-Mediated Treg/Th17 Imbalance. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2022; 36:638-648. [PMID: 35585694 DOI: 10.1177/19458924221098847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) is regarded as a prevalent and non-infectious inflammation in nasal mucosa, and astragalus polysaccharide (APS) could mitigate inflammation. OBJECTIVES Herein, this study probed the specific mechanism of APS in inflammatory responses in AR. METHODS Firstly, AR guinea pig models were established through the stimulation and sensitization of ovalbumin (OVA) and received APS treatment. Changes in nasal symptoms were assessed through counting the sneezing and rubbing times of guinea pigs. The change patterns of OVA-specific immunoglobulin-E (OVA-sIgE), OVA-specific immunoglobulin-G1 (OVA-sIgG1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 in guinea pig serum were identified. Meanwhile, the levels of IL-17, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, IL-10, and forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) in the guinea pig tissues or serum were examined, and CD25+Foxp3+Treg or CD4+IL17+Th17 cell proportion was detected. Afterwards, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) expression in guinea pig nasal mucosa tissues were examined. Rescue experiments were designed to probe the role of NF-kB overexpression in inflammatory responses and Treg/Th17 imbalance in AR guinea pigs. RESULTS APS treatment reduced sneezing and rubbing times of AR guinea pigs and suppressed OVA-sIgE, OVA-sIgG1, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in guinea pig serum, and meanwhile, increased CD25+Foxp3+Treg cell proportion while reduced CD4+IL17+Th17 cell proportion in AR guinea pig serum or tissues, in a dose-dependent manner. NF-kB was highly-expressed in AR guinea pigs and down-regulated after APS treatment. NF-kB overexpression facilitated inflammatory responses and Treg/Th17 imbalance in AR. CONCLUSION APS reduced Treg/Th17 imbalance via suppressing NF-kB expression, thereby ameliorating inflammatory responses in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, China
| | - Xiaoqin Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, China
| | - Jiali Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, China
| | - Haoxiang Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin City, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, China
| | - Lunkun Zhong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, China
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Du Y, Wan H, Huang P, Yang J, He Y. A critical review of Astragalus polysaccharides: From therapeutic mechanisms to pharmaceutics. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 147:112654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Song B, Li P, Yan S, Liu Y, Gao M, Lv H, Lv Z, Guo Y. Effects of Dietary Astragalus Polysaccharide Supplementation on the Th17/Treg Balance and the Gut Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Challenged With Necrotic Enteritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:781934. [PMID: 35265068 PMCID: PMC8899652 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.781934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary astragalus polysaccharide (APS) supplementation on the immune function, gut microbiota and metabolism of broiler chickens challenged with necrotic enteritis (NE). Two hundred forty Arbor Acres broiler chicks (one day old) were randomly assigned using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement into two groups fed different levels of dietary APS (0 or 200 ppm of diet) and two disease challenge groups (control or NE challenged). The results showed that NE infection significantly increased FCR, mortality rate, Th17/Treg (Th17 cells% in blood and ileum, Th17/Treg, IL-17 and IL-17/IL-10 in blood), NO, lysozyme activity and IL-1β in blood, intestinal immune cell proportion and activity (Tc%, Treg% and monocyte phagocytic activity in ileum), intestinal inflammatory cytokines (TLR2, NF-κB, TNF-α and IL- 6) gene expression levels, and the number of Clostridium perfringens in cecum. NE infection significantly reduced body weight gain, thymus index, lymphocyte proliferation activity in blood and ileum, villus height and V/C in jejunum, Th cells% and Mucin2 gene expression in ileum. Dietary APS supplementation significantly increased body weight, feed intake, proportion of immune cells (T cells in blood and Tc, Treg in ileum), lymphocyte proliferation activity, V/C in jejunum, and ZO-1 gene expression in ileum. Dietary APS supplementation significantly reduced FCR and mortality rate, Th17/Treg, Th17%, intestinal pathology scores, intestinal inflammatory cytokine gene expression levels, and the number of Clostridium perfringens in cecum. In addition, broilers challenged with NE significantly increased Staphylococcus and Turicibacter and reduced α diversity of microbiota in ileum. Dietary APS supplementation significantly increased α diversity, Romboutsia, Halomonas, propionic acid, butyric acid, formononetin, taurine, cholic acid and equol and downregulated uric acid, L-arginine and serotonin in ileum. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that Romboutsia, Turicibacter, Staphylocpccus, Halomonas, Streptococcus, Escherichia-Shigella, Prevotella, uric acid, L-arginine, jerivne, sodium cholate and cholic acid were related to inflammation and Th17/Treg balance. In conclusion, APS alleviated intestinal inflammation in broilers challenged with NE probably by regulating intestinal immune, Th17/Treg balance, as well as intestinal microbiota and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingkun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyuan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Centre Research Institute, Beijing Centre Biology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Zengpeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuming Guo,
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Qin Z, Yuan X, Liu J, Shi Z, Cao L, Yang L, Wu K, Lou Y, Tong H, Jiang L, Du J. Albuca Bracteata Polysaccharides Attenuate AOM/DSS Induced Colon Tumorigenesis via Regulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Gut Microbiota in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:833077. [PMID: 35264966 PMCID: PMC8899018 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.833077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an important risk factor in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Accumulating evidence indicates that some phytochemicals have anti-cancer properties. Polysaccharides extracted from Albuca bracteata (AB) have been reported to possess anti-neoplastic activities on colorectal cancer (CRC) models. However, it is still unclear whether they exert therapeutic effects on colorectal cancer. In this study, we investigate the properties of polysaccharides of A. bracteate, named ABP. The average molecular weight of ABP was 18.3 kDa and ABP consisted of glucose, mannose, galactose, xylose, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid at a molar ratio of 37.8:8:2.5:1.7:1:1. An Azoxymethane/Dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) induced CAC mouse model was established. The CAC mice treated with ABP showed smaller tumor size and lower tumor incidence than untreated ones. ABP increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, inhibited secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α), mitigated oxidative stress by increasing GSH and decreasing MDA levels, suppressed the activation of STAT3 and expressions of its related genes c-Myc and cyclin D1. Moreover, ABP treatment increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (f_Ruminococcaceae, g_Roseburia, g_Odoribacter, g_Oscillospira, and g_Akkermansia) and the levels of fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) in CAC model mice. In summary, our data suggest that ABP could be a potential therapeutic agent for treating CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Qin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhuqing Shi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Leipeng Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lexuan Yang
- Central Laboratory, School of the First Clinical Medicine and the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Lou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haibin Tong
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haibin Tong, ; Lei Jiang, ; Jimei Du,
| | - Lei Jiang
- Central Laboratory, School of the First Clinical Medicine and the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haibin Tong, ; Lei Jiang, ; Jimei Du,
| | - Jimei Du
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haibin Tong, ; Lei Jiang, ; Jimei Du,
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Son YJ, Shin JM, Ha IJ, Erdenebileg S, Jung DS, Kim YS, Kim SM, Nho CW. Identification of Chemical Compounds from Artemisia gmelinii using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and their Regulatory Effects on Immune Responses in DSS-Induced Colitis Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:941-963. [PMID: 33827384 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia gmelinii Web. ex Stechm. (AG), a popular medicinal herb in Asia, has been used as a common food ingredient in Korea and is traditionally known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate whether AG relieves IBD, a classic chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. We identified 35 chemical compounds in AG ethanol extract using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. In mice with DSS-induced IBD, AG administration attenuated the disease activity index and the serum and colonic levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. AG treatment decreased nuclear factor-[Formula: see text]B (NF-[Formula: see text]B) signaling, a key mediator of inflammation, in the mouse colons. Additionally, AG extract enhanced immune responses in lymphoid tissues such as spleen and Peyer's patches. Thus, AG consumption potently ameliorated IBD symptoms and improved immune signaling in lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ju Son
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea
| | - Ji Min Shin
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - In Jin Ha
- Korean Medicine Clinical Trial Center (K-CTC), Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Seoul 02454, Korea
| | - Saruul Erdenebileg
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Da Seul Jung
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea.,Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25457, Korea
| | - Young Sik Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sang Min Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
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22
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A centric view of JAK/STAT5 in intestinal homeostasis, infection, and inflammation. Cytokine 2021; 139:155392. [PMID: 33482575 PMCID: PMC8276772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines, growth factors or hormones take action through the JAK/STAT5 signaling pathway, which plays a critical role in regulating the intestinal response to infection and inflammation. However, the way in which STAT5 regulates intestinal epithelial compartment is largely ignored due to the lack of genetic tools for proper exploration and because the two STAT5 transcription factors (STAT5A and STAT5B) have some redundant but also distinct functions. In this review article, by focusing on STAT5 functions in the intestinal undifferentiated and differentiated epithelia, we discuss major advances of the growth factor/cytokine-JAK/STAT5 research in view of intestinal mucosal inflammation and immunity. We highlight the gap in the research of the intestinal STAT5 signaling to anticipate the gastrointestinal explorative insights. Furthermore, we address the critical questions to illuminate how STAT5 signaling influences intestinal epithelial cell differentiation and stem cell regeneration during homeostasis and injury. Overall, our article provides a centric view of the relevance of the relationship between chronic inflammatory diseases and JAK/STAT5 pathway and it also gives an example of how chronic infection and inflammation pirate STAT5 signaling to worsen intestinal injuries. Importantly, our review suggests how to protect a wound healing from gastrointestinal diseases by modulating intestinal STAT5.
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23
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Ladurner A, Schwarz PF, Dirsch VM. Natural products as modulators of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs). Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:757-781. [PMID: 33118578 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00047g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1994 to 2020 Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs) belong to a subfamily of the nuclear receptor superfamily and possess prominent roles in circadian rhythm, metabolism, inflammation, and cancer. They have been subject of research for over two decades and represent attractive but challenging drug targets. Natural products were among the first identified ligands of RORs and continue to be of interest to this day. This review focuses on ligands and indirect modulators of RORs from natural sources and explores their roles in a therapeutic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ladurner
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Patrik F Schwarz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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24
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Niu X, Shang H, Chen S, Chen R, Huang J, Miao Y, Cui W, Wang H, Sha Z, Peng D, Zhu R. Effects of Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharides on intestinal microenvironment and colitis in mice. Food Funct 2020; 12:252-266. [PMID: 33295902 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The stability of the intestinal microenvironment is the basis for maintaining the normal physiological activities of the intestine. On the contrary, disordered dynamic processes lead to chronic inflammation and disease pathology. Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide (PPPS), isolated from Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen, has been reported with extensive biological activities, including immune regulation. However, the role of PPPS in the intestinal microenvironment and intestinal diseases is still unknown. In this work, we initiated our investigation by using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology to assess the effect of PPPS on gut microbiota in mice. The result showed that PPPS regulated the composition of gut microbiota in mice and increased the proportion of probiotics. Subsequently, we established immunosuppressive mice using cyclophosphamide (CTX) and found that PPPS regulated the immunosuppressive state of lymphocytes in Peyer's patches (PPs). Moreover, PPPS also regulated systemic immunity by acting on intestinal PPs. PPPS alleviated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced Caco2 cell damage, indicating that PPPS has the ability to reduce the damage and effectively improve the barrier dysfunction in Caco2 cells. In addition, PPPS alleviated colonic injury and relieved colitis symptoms in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice. Overall, our findings indicate that PPPS shows a practical regulatory effect in the intestinal microenvironment, which provides an essential theoretical basis for us to develop the potential application value of PPPS further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. and Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hongqi Shang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. and Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Siyan Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. and Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ruichang Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. and Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. and Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yongqiang Miao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. and Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Wenping Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. and Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. and Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhou Sha
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. and Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Duo Peng
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Ruiliang Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. and Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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25
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Zhou BG, Liu FC, Zhao HM, Zhang XY, Wang HY, Liu DY. Regulatory effect of Zuojin Pill on correlation with gut microbiota and Treg cells in DSS-induced colitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113211. [PMID: 32739566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As a classic prescription and commercial Chinese patent medicine, Zuojin Pill (ZJP) has been used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) effectively for many years. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY METHODS: Mice with dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis were treated with ZJP for 7 d. In the present study, the therapeutic effect of ZJP was evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic observation; regulatory T (Treg) cells and their subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry; and the composition of gut microbiota was tested by 16S rRNA analysis. Activation of the phosphoinostide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway was observed by western blotting. RESULTS The pathological damage was attenuated and expression of proinflammatory cytokines was decreased. While the diversity of intestinal microflora was regulated, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, and Sphingobacteriia was modified. Meanwhile, the level of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ and PD-L1+ Treg cells improved. These changes maintained a positive correlation which was analyzed statistically. Our results also showed that ZJP inhibited activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS ZJP regulates crosstalk between intestinal microflora and Treg cells to attenuate experimental colitis via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Gao Zhou
- Office of Academic Research, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Fu-Chun Liu
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Hai-Mei Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Xiao-Yun Zhang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Doctoral Candidate of 2017, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Duan-Yong Liu
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China; Formula-Pattern Research Center of Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
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26
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Niu W, Chen X, Xu R, Dong H, Yang F, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Ju J. Polysaccharides from natural resources exhibit great potential in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 254:117189. [PMID: 33357839 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) is high. Despite the availability of various therapeutic agents for the treatment of UC, the routine treatment has limitations and serious side effects. Therefore, a new drug that safely and effectively treats UC is urgently needed. Polysaccharides from natural resources have recently become a hot topic of study for their therapeutic effects on UC. These effects are associated with the regulation of inflammatory cytokines, intestinal flora, and immune system and protection of the intestinal mucosa. This review focuses on the recent advances of polysaccharides from natural resources in the treatment of UC. The mechanisms and practicability of polysaccharides, including pectin, guar gum, rhamnogalacturonan, chitosan, fructan, psyllium, glycosaminoglycan, algal polysaccharides, polysaccharides from fungi and traditional Chinese medicine, and polysaccharide derivatives, are discussed in detail. The good efficacy and safety of polysaccharides make them promising drugs for treating UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Niu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ruling Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, PR China
| | - Huimin Dong
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Fuyan Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China; Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Jianming Ju
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.
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27
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Chen Z, Liu L, Gao C, Chen W, Vong CT, Yao P, Yang Y, Li X, Tang X, Wang S, Wang Y. Astragali Radix (Huangqi): A promising edible immunomodulatory herbal medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112895. [PMID: 32330511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragali Radix (AR, Huangqi in Chinese), the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao or A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., possesses diverse therapeutic effects against fatigue, dyspepsia, diarrhea, heart diseases, hepatitis, and anemia. In recent years, increasing evidence has indicated the multiple immunomodulatory activities of AR in preclinical and clinical studies. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review attempts to elaborate the immunomodulatory effects of AR and its potential application in the treatment of immune related diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search AR was carried out using multiple internationally recognized databases (including Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ACS, Springer, Taylor & Francis, and CNKI). RESULTS The immunomodulatory effects of AR are closely attributed to its active constituents such as polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids. We also demonstrate that AR can be used as a potential therapeutic intervention for immune related diseases through regulating immune organs, mucosal immune, and immune system (innate immunity and acquired immunity). CONCLUSION AR promotes the development of immune organs, enhances mucosal immune function, increases the quantity and phagocytic capacity of innate immunity, promotes the maturation and differentiation of acquired immunity cells, and improves the expression of antibodies in acquired immunity. We believe that AR has a broad research space in the adjuvant treatment of immune related diseases, which could be a breakthrough point to improve the application value of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhejie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; PU-UM Innovative Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong-Macau Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Industrial Park Development Co., Ltd, Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai, China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Caifang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Peifen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yuhan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiuzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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28
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Zou Q, Zhang X, Liu X, Li Y, Tan Q, Dan Q, Yuan T, Liu X, Liu RH, Liu Z. Ficus carica polysaccharide attenuates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in C57BL/6 mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:6666-6679. [PMID: 32658237 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01162b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Ficus carica polysaccharide (FCPS) components of the common fig fruit have been demonstrated to exhibit antioxidant and immunity-enhancing activities. However, it is unclear whether it could prevent the ulcerative colitis development. Here, we reported that 5 week orally administered FCPS (150-300 mg per kg bw) significantly prevented DSS-induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice by improving the colon length and suppressing the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the gut. FCPS treatment protected the goblet cells, elevated the expression of tight junction protein claudin-1, and suppressed the formation of cytokines including TNF-α and IL-1β. FCPS supplementation significantly reformed the gut microbiome by enhancing the abundance of S24-7, Bacteroides, and Coprococus, and suppressing the abundance of Escherichia and Clostridium at the genus level. Consistently, the formation of beneficial microbial metabolites, short chain fatty acids, especially acetate and butyrate, were improved in FCPS-treated colitis mice. The correlation analysis indicated that the protective effects of FCPS on ulcerative colitis might be highly correlated with the microbiota composition changes and the formation of SCFAs. In conclusion, these results indicated that FCPS supplementation could be a promising nutritional strategy for reducing inflammatory bowel disease and the gut microbes play essential roles in providing these beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Zou
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Effect of Astragalus membranaceus Oral Solution on Lifespan and Learning and Memory Ability of Honey Bees. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5745048. [PMID: 32351998 PMCID: PMC7174962 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5745048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of Astragalus membranaceus oral solution on lifespan and learning and memory abilities of honey bees were evaluated. Two groups of bees were fed with sucrose syrup (50%) containing low dose (1.33%) and high dose (13.3%) of A. membranaceus oral solution, respectively. The proboscis extension response (PER) analysis was applied to examine the learning and memory capabilities of bees. Two genes related to memory formation in honey bees were determined by real-time PCR. High dose (13.3%) of A. membranaceus significantly decreased the mean lifespan of bees compared to the bees fed with low dose (1.33%) and control bees. No significant differences in lifespan of bees were found between low-dose-fed bees and control bees. The results of PER experiments showed apparent improvement in the memorizing ability of the high-dose group (in comparison with the control group). Moreover, the relative expression levels of Nmdar1 in the low-dose group and control group were significantly lower than those in the high-dose group. It is preliminarily concluded that A. membranaceus has an adverse effect on the mean lifespan of honey bees but might be helpful in strengthening memories.
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30
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Yan X, Lu QG, Zeng L, Li XH, Liu Y, Du XF, Bai GM. Synergistic protection of astragalus polysaccharides and matrine against ulcerative colitis and associated lung injury in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:55-69. [PMID: 31933514 PMCID: PMC6952295 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a main form of inflammatory bowel disease. Due to complicated etiology and a high rate of recurrence, it is quite essential to elucidate the underlying mechanism of and search for effective therapeutic methods for UC. AIM To investigate the effects of astragalus polysaccharides (APS) combined with matrine on UC and associated lung injury. METHODS UC was induced in rats by colon mucosal tissue sensitization combined with trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid-ethanol. Then, the effects of the treatments of salazopyrine, APS, matrine, and APS combined with matrine on histopathological changes of lung and colon tissues, disease activity index (DAI), colon mucosal damage index (CMDI), serum endotoxin (ET) level, serum diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, and the activities of myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde in lung tissues, as well as the protein expression of zonula occludens (ZO)-1, Occludin, and trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) were detected in UC rats. RESULTS The treatments of salazopyrine, APS, matrine, and APS combined with matrine reduced DAI scores and improved histopathological changes of colon and lung tissues, as well as decreased CMDI scores, ET levels, and DAO activities in UC rats. Moreover, in lung tissues, inflammatory response and oxidative stress injury were relieved after the treatments of salazopyrine, APS, matrine, and APS combined with matrine in UC rats. Furthermore, the expression of ZO-1, Occludin, and TFF3 in lung and colon tissues was increased after different treatments in UC rats. Notably, APS combined with matrine exerted a better protective effect against UC and lung injury compared with other treatments. CONCLUSION APS combined with matrine exert a synergistic protective effect against UC and lung injury, which might be associated with regulating TFF3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qing-Ge Lu
- Department of Anorectal Medicine, Tangshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Anorectal Medicine, Tangshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hai Li
- Department of Anorectal Medicine, Tangshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Anorectal Medicine, Tangshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xue-Feng Du
- Department of Anorectal Medicine, Tangshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Guo-Min Bai
- Department of Anorectal Medicine, Tangshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
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Tian YM, Tian SY, Wang D, Cui F, Zhang XJ, Zhang Y. Elevated expression of the leptin receptor ob‑R may contribute to inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4706-4712. [PMID: 31702041 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of leptin on ulcerative colitis (UC) has been controversial. The present study aimed to investigate the role of leptin and its receptor ob‑R in UC and the underlying mechanism of this role. The level of serum leptin and the protein expression of the leptin receptor ob‑R in the colonic mucosa were determined in patients with UC. Experimental colitis was induced through intrarectal administration of 2,4,6‑trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in leptin receptor‑deficient Zucker rats (LR‑D). The body weight, disease activity index, colon length, and macroscopic and histopathological appearance were evaluated. Furthermore, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity and cytokine levels in colon tissues were also determined. The expression of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphorylated STAT3 (p‑STAT3), nuclear factor (NF)‑κB‑p65, and Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) proteins in colon tissues was assessed. The results revealed that the expression of the leptin receptor ob‑R was increased in the colonic mucosa but the serum leptin level was not altered in patients with UC compared with healthy volunteers. The severity of experimental colitis, represented by body weight loss, disease activity index, colon length, and macroscopic and histological changes, was ameliorated in LR‑D rats compared with the wild‑type (WT) rats. Moreover, the MPO activity; levels of cytokines including interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6, and tumor necrosis factor‑α; and expression of p‑STAT3, NF‑κB, and RhoA proteins were reduced in colon tissues of LR‑D rats compared with WT rats. In conclusion, activation of the leptin receptor ob‑R is an important pathogenic mechanism of UC, and leptin receptor deficiency may provide resistance against TNBS‑induced colitis by inhibiting the NF‑κB and RhoA signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ming Tian
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Si-Yu Tian
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Fang Cui
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Jian Zhang
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio‑Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
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Astragalus polysaccharides attenuated inflammation and balanced the gut microflora in mice challenged with Salmonella typhimurium. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105681. [PMID: 31220694 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella typhimurium (S. t.) is one of the main pathogens that causes acute gastroenteritis. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) in vivo and its influence on the intestinal flora, BALB/c mice were infected with S. t. to establish a model of diarrhea. The disease activity index (DAI) scores showed that APS attenuated S. t.-induced weight loss and diarrhea in mice. APS significantly reduced the index of the liver and spleen as well as the ALT and AST levels in serum (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) results indicated that APS significantly increased jejunum villus height and crypt depth and reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells (P < 0.05). Additionally, APS increased the tight junction (TJ) proteins expression levels of ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1 in the jejunum. The results of 16S rDNA showed that APS significantly increased the number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. to normal levels (compared with the control group). In addition, APS significantly decreased the mRNA expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17 in the jejunum (P < 0.01) as well as the proteins expression levels of COX-2 and iNOS (P < 0.05). Western blot confirmed that prefeeding with APS inhibited S. t.-induced expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in the jejunum and further inhibited nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, including the nuclear translocation of the p65 NF-κB subunit and the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α. This was the key to APS inhibition of the production of inflammatory factors and inflammatory mediators in the jejunum.
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Extraction, Structure, and Pharmacological Activities of Astragalus Polysaccharides. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app9010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) are important bioactive components of Astragali Radix, the dry root of Astragalus membranaceus, which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this review, the extraction conditions and extraction rates of APS are first compared for water, microwave-assisted, ultrasonic wave, and enzymatic hydrolysis extraction methods. Some studies have also shown that different methods can be combined to improve the extraction rate of APS. Subsequently, the chemical composition and structure of APS are discussed, as related to the extraction and purification method. Most studies have shown that APS is mainly composed of glucose, in addition to rhamnose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid. We also reviewed studies on the modification of APS using chemical methods, including sulfated modification using the chlorosulfonic acid–pyridine method, which is commonly used for chemical modification of APS. Finally, the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action of APS are summarized, with a special focus on its immunoregulatory, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral effects. This review will serve as a valuable resource for the research on APS.
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Chen S, Xu MB, Zhou XL, Rong PQ, Jin TY, Zheng GQ. Chinese Herbal Medicine for Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:969. [PMID: 30214409 PMCID: PMC6125412 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an acquired autoimmune disease with the disorder of the neuromuscular junction transmission caused by autoantibodies. Currently, various Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) are widely used for MG. This meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of CHMs for MG and its possible mechanisms. Fourteen studies with 1039 individuals were identified by searching seven databases from inception to March 2017. The methodological quality was assessed by using 7-item criteria from the Cochrane's Collaboration tool, and which assessed ≥4 "yes" in the domains were selected for detailed assessment and meta-analysis. All the data were analyzed using Rev-Man 5.3 software. Meta-analysis showed a significant effect of CHM as adjuvant therapy for improving the effectiveness compared with WCM alone or placebo in treating MG (p < 0.01). Moreover, there were fewer adverse effects and relapse rate in total when compared with the control group. The possible mechanisms of CHM for MG are associated with immunoregulation by reconstituting the functional ability of Tregs. In conclusion, despite the apparent positive results, the present evidence supports, to an extent, that CHM can be used for MG patients because of the methodological flaws and CHM heterogeneity. Further rigorous RCT for MG is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meng-Bei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pei-Qing Rong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ting-Yu Jin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Cui Y, Wang Q, Sun R, Guo L, Wang M, Jia J, Xu C, Wu R. Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge repairs intestinal mucosal injury induced by LPS in mice. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:230. [PMID: 30075775 PMCID: PMC6091064 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese herbal medicines. It is used as immune stimulant, tonic, antioxidant, hepatoprotectant, diuretic, antidiabetic, anticancer, and expectorant. The purpose of the study was to investigate the curative effects of the decoction obtained from Astragalus membranaceus root in intestinal mucosal injury induced by LPS in mice. An LPS-induced intestinal mucosal injury mice model was applied in the study. Methods The mice were post-treated with Astragalus membranaceus decoction (AMD) for 4 days after 3 days LPS induction. ELISA kit was used to detect the content of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4,IL-6 and IL-8 in the serum of each group mice. The morphological changes in intestinal mucosa at the end of the experiments were observed. Both VH (villus height) and CD (crypt depth) were measured using H&E-stained sections. Results There were significant differences in IL-1β, IL-4,IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels in AMD-treated group on the 7th day compared to the controls group. The VH was lower in duodenum, jejunum and the ileum in LPS-treated mice compared to the control animals. Similarly, there was also decrease in V/C. Compared to the control mice, for AMD-treated mice, VH and CD had no significantly differences. Conclusions Astragalus membranaceus reduced intestinal mucosal damage and promoted tissue repair by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokine.
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Astragaloside IV Ameliorates Airway Inflammation in an Established Murine Model of Asthma by Inhibiting the mTORC1 Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4037086. [PMID: 29234390 PMCID: PMC5676443 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4037086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a main active constituent of Astragalus membranaceus, has been confirmed to have antiasthmatic effects. However, it remained unclear whether the beneficial effects of AS-IV on asthma were attributed to the mTOR inhibition; this issue was the focus of the present work. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin followed with 3 weeks of rest/recovery and then reexposure to ovalbumin. AS-IV was administrated during the time of rest and reexposure. The characteristic features of allergic asthma, including airway hyperreactivity, histopathology, cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, and INF-γ), and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and downstream proteins of mTORC1/2 signaling were examined. AS-IV markedly suppressed airway hyperresponsiveness and reduced IL-4, IL-5, and IL-17 levels and increased INF-γ levels in the BALF. Histological studies showed that AS-IV markedly decreased inflammatory infiltration in the lung tissues. Notably, AS-IV inhibited mTORC1 activity, whereas it had limited effects on mTORC2, as assessed by phosphorylation of mTORC1 and mTORC2 substrates S6 ribosomal protein, p70 S6 Kinase, and Akt, respectively. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells in BALF were not significantly changed by AS-IV. Together, these results suggest that the antiasthmatic effects of AS-IV were at least partially from inhibiting the mTORC1 signaling pathway.
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Lai X, Xia W, Wei J, Ding X. Therapeutic Effect of Astragalus Polysaccharides on Hepatocellular Carcinoma H22-Bearing Mice. Dose Response 2017; 15:1559325816685182. [PMID: 28210201 PMCID: PMC5298564 DOI: 10.1177/1559325816685182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of astragalus polysaccharides (APSs), active constituents of astragalus, in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their potential as a promising candidate for future anticancer drug development. Astragalus polysaccharide was administered at different doses to HCC H22-bearing mice to investigate their antitumor effects. Results revealed that APS inhibited the growth of H22 cells with a tumor inhibition rate in the APS 400 mg·kg−1 group of 59.01%. Astragalus polysaccharides significantly increased the spleen and thymus indexes, and also the interleukin (IL) 2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α cytokine concentration in serum, indicating that APS influences immune-regulating properties involved in antitumor activity. In addition, APS increased Bax protein expression and decreased Bcl-2 protein expression; these proteins are apoptosis-regulating factors responsible for cell death or survival. Further development and exploration of APS may enable it to become an effective clinical agent for liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Lai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibiao Xia
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wei
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghong Ding
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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