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He Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Fu B, Xing J, Fu R, Lv J, Guo M, Huo X, Liu X, Lu J, Cao L, Du X, Ge Z, Chen Z, Lu X, Li C. Hypoxia exacerbates the malignant transformation of gastric epithelial cells induced by long-term H. pylori infection. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0031124. [PMID: 38916312 PMCID: PMC11302036 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00311-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic Gram-negative bacterium that resides in the human stomach and is classified as a class I carcinogen for gastric cancer. Numerous studies have demonstrated that H. pylori infection plays a role in regulating the function of host cells, thereby contributing to the malignant transformation of these cells. However, H. pylori infection is a chronic process, and short-term cellular experiments may not provide a comprehensive understanding of the in vivo situation, especially when considering the lower oxygen levels in the human stomach. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying gastric cell dysfunction after prolonged exposure to H. pylori under hypoxic conditions. We conducted a co-culture experiment using the gastric cell line GES-1 and H. pylori for 30 generations under intermittent hypoxic conditions. By closely monitoring cell proliferation, migration, invasion, autophagy, and apoptosis, we revealed that sustained H. pylori stimulation under hypoxic conditions significantly influences the function of GES-1 cells. This stimulation induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and contributes to the propensity for malignant transformation of gastric cells. To confirm the in vitro results, we conducted an experiment involving Mongolian gerbils infected with H. pylori for 85 weeks. All the results strongly suggest that the Nod1 receptor signaling pathway plays a crucial role in H. pylori-related apoptosis and autophagy. In summary, continuous stimulation by H. pylori affects the functioning of gastric cells through the Nod1 receptor signaling pathway, increasing the likelihood of cell carcinogenesis. The presence of hypoxic conditions further exacerbates this process.IMPORTANCEDeciphering the collaborative effects of Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric epithelial cell function is key to unraveling the development mechanisms of gastric cancer. Prior research has solely examined the outcomes of short-term H. pylori stimulation on gastric epithelial cells under aerobic conditions, neglecting the bacterium's nature as a microaerophilic organism that leads to cancer following prolonged stomach colonization. This study mimics a more genuine in vivo infection scenario by repeatedly exposing gastric epithelial cells to H. pylori under hypoxic conditions for up to 30 generations. The results show that chronic exposure to H. pylori in hypoxia substantially increases cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, while suppressing autophagy and apoptosis. This highlights the significance of hypoxic conditions in intensifying the carcinogenic impact of H. pylori infection. By accurately replicating the in vivo gastric environment, this study enhances our comprehension of H. pylori's pathogenic mechanisms in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Nursing, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiulin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Xing
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Fu
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyi Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyun Huo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixue Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongming Ge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuancheng Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Changlong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Xu H, Huang K, Shi M, Gong H, Han M, Tian W, Wang X, Zhang D. MicroRNAs in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric cancer: Function and clinical application. Pharmacol Res 2024; 205:107216. [PMID: 38761883 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and it is associated with a combination of genetic, environmental, and microbial risk factors. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is classified as a type I carcinogen, however, the exact regulatory mechanisms underlying H. pylori-induced GC are incompletely defined. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), one of small non-coding RNAs, negatively regulate gene expression through binding to their target genes. Dysregulation of miRNAs is crucial in human cancer. A noteworthy quantity of aberrant miRNAs induced by H. pylori through complex regulatory networks have been identified. These miRNAs substantially affect genetic instability, cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, autophagy, chemoresistance, and the tumor microenvironment, leading to GC development and progression. Importantly, some H. pylori-associated miRNAs hold promise as therapeutic tools and biomarkers for GC prevention, diagnosis, and prognosis. Nonetheless, clinical application of miRNAs remains in its infancy with multiple issues, including sensitivity and specificity, stability, reliable delivery systems, and off-target effects. Additional research on the specific molecular mechanisms and more clinical data are still required. This review investigated the biogenesis, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of miRNAs in H. pylori-induced GC, offering novel insights into the potential clinical applications of miRNA-based therapeutics and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Mingxuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Hang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Mengyu Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Wenji Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
| | - Dekui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
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Csabai L, Bohár B, Türei D, Prabhu S, Földvári-Nagy L, Madgwick M, Fazekas D, Módos D, Ölbei M, Halka T, Poletti M, Kornilova P, Kadlecsik T, Demeter A, Szalay-Bekő M, Kapuy O, Lenti K, Vellai T, Gul L, Korcsmáros T. AutophagyNet: high-resolution data source for the analysis of autophagy and its regulation. Autophagy 2024; 20:188-201. [PMID: 37589496 PMCID: PMC10761021 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2247737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a highly-conserved catabolic procss eliminating dysfunctional cellular components and invading pathogens. Autophagy malfunction contributes to disorders such as cancer, neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases. Understanding autophagy regulation in health and disease has been the focus of the last decades. We previously provided an integrated database for autophagy research, the Autophagy Regulatory Network (ARN). For the last eight years, this resource has been used by thousands of users. Here, we present a new and upgraded resource, AutophagyNet. It builds on the previous database but contains major improvements to address user feedback and novel needs due to the advancement in omics data availability. AutophagyNet contains updated interaction curation and integration of over 280,000 experimentally verified interactions between core autophagy proteins and their protein, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators as well as their potential upstream pathway connections. AutophagyNet provides annotations for each core protein about their role: 1) in different types of autophagy (mitophagy, xenophagy, etc.); 2) in distinct stages of autophagy (initiation, expansion, termination, etc.); 3) with subcellular and tissue-specific localization. These annotations can be used to filter the dataset, providing customizable download options tailored to the user's needs. The resource is available in various file formats (e.g. CSV, BioPAX and PSI-MI), and data can be analyzed and visualized directly in Cytoscape. The multi-layered regulation of autophagy can be analyzed by combining AutophagyNet with tissue- or cell type-specific (multi-)omics datasets (e.g. transcriptomic or proteomic data). The resource is publicly accessible at http://autophagynet.org.Abbreviations: ARN: Autophagy Regulatory Network; ATG: autophagy related; BCR: B cell receptor pathway; BECN1: beclin 1; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; IIP: innate immune pathway; LIR: LC3-interacting region; lncRNA: long non-coding RNA; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; miRNA: microRNA; NHR: nuclear hormone receptor; PTM: post-translational modification; RTK: receptor tyrosine kinase; TCR: T cell receptor; TLR: toll like receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Csabai
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Bohár
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dénes Türei
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - László Földvári-Nagy
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Matthew Madgwick
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK
- Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Dávid Fazekas
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dezső Módos
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK
- Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Márton Ölbei
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Themis Halka
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Martina Poletti
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK
- Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Tamás Kadlecsik
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Orsolya Kapuy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Lenti
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH/MTA-ELTE Genetics Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lejla Gul
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tamás Korcsmáros
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Nabavi-Rad A, Yadegar A, Sadeghi A, Aghdaei HA, Zali MR, Klionsky DJ, Yamaoka Y. The interaction between autophagy, Helicobacter pylori, and gut microbiota in gastric carcinogenesis. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:1024-1043. [PMID: 37120362 PMCID: PMC10523907 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori is the primary risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. Hindering our ability to comprehend the precise role of autophagy during H. pylori infection is the complexity of context-dependent autophagy signaling pathways. Recent and ongoing progress in understanding H. pylori virulence allows new frontiers of research for the crosstalk between autophagy and H. pylori. Novel approaches toward discovering autophagy signaling networks have further revealed their critical influence on the structure of gut microbiota and the metabolome. Here we intend to present a holistic view of the perplexing role of autophagy in H. pylori pathogenesis and carcinogenesis. We also discuss the intermediate role of autophagy in H. pylori-mediated modification of gut inflammatory responses and microbiota structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nabavi-Rad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan; Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Research Center for Global and Local Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Oita, Japan.
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5
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Sakatani A, Hayashi Y, Saiki H, Kato M, Uema R, Inoue T, Kimura K, Yoshii S, Tsujii Y, Shinzaki S, Iijima H, Takehara T. A novel role for Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A in negative regulation of autophagy in human gastric cells. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:326. [PMID: 37740192 PMCID: PMC10517455 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy plays an important role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression in many cancers, including gastric cancer. Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) is a well-known virulent factor in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection that plays a critical role in gastric inflammation and gastric cancer development. However, its role in autophagy during these processes remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the role of CagA in autophagy in CagA-related inflammation. METHODS We evaluated the autophagic index of AGS cells infected with wild-type cagA-positive H. pylori (Hp-WT) and cagA-knockout H. pylori (Hp-ΔcagA) and rat gastric mucosal (RGM1) cells transfected with CagA genes. To identify the mechanisms underlying the down regulation of autophagy in AGS cells infected with H. pylori, we evaluated protein and mRNA expression levels of autophagy core proteins using western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To determine whether autophagy induced the expression of the pro-inflammatory mediator, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), we evaluated COX-2 expression in AGS cells treated with an autophagy inducer and inhibitor and infected with H. pylori. In addition, we evaluated whether COX-2 protein expression in AGS cells influenced beclin-1 (BECN1) expression with si-RNA transfection when infected with H. pylori. RESULTS Autophagic flux assay using chloroquine showed that autophagy in AGS cells was significantly suppressed after H. pylori infection. The autophagic index of AGS cells infected with Hp-WT was decreased significantly when compared with that in AGS cells infected with Hp-ΔcagA. The autophagic index of RGM1 cells transfected with CagA was lower, suggesting that CagA inhibits autophagy. In addition, BECN1 expression levels in AGS cells infected with Hp-WT were reduced compared to those in AGS cells infected with Hp-ΔcagA. Furthermore, COX-2 expression in AGS cells infected with H. pylori was controlled in an autophagy-dependent manner. When AGS cells were transfected with small interfering RNA specific for BECN1 and infected with Hp-WT and Hp-ΔcagA, COX-2 was upregulated significantly in cells infected with Hp-ΔcagA. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the H. pylori CagA protein negatively regulated autophagy by downregulating BECN1. CagA-induced autophagy inhibition may be a causative factor in promoting pro-inflammatory mediator production in human gastric epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Sakatani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Saiki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minoru Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Uema
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takanori Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yoshii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Shinzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Iijima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Hicks SD, Zhu D, Sullivan R, Kannikeswaran N, Meert K, Chen W, Suresh S, Sethuraman U. Saliva microRNA Profile in Children with and without Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098175. [PMID: 37175883 PMCID: PMC10179619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may impair immune modulating host microRNAs, causing severe disease. Our objectives were to determine the salivary miRNA profile in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection at presentation and compare the expression in those with and without severe outcomes. Children <18 years with SARS-CoV-2 infection evaluated at two hospitals between March 2021 and February 2022 were prospectively enrolled. Severe outcomes included respiratory failure, shock or death. Saliva microRNAs were quantified with RNA sequencing. Data on 197 infected children (severe = 45) were analyzed. Of the known human miRNAs, 1606 (60%) were measured and compared across saliva samples. There were 43 miRNAs with ≥2-fold difference between severe and non-severe cases (adjusted p-value < 0.05). The majority (31/43) were downregulated in severe cases. The largest between-group differences involved miR-4495, miR-296-5p, miR-548ao-3p and miR-1273c. These microRNAs displayed enrichment for 32 gene ontology pathways including viral processing and transforming growth factor beta and Fc-gamma receptor signaling. In conclusion, salivary miRNA levels are perturbed in children with severe COVID-19, with the majority of miRNAs being down regulated. Further studies are required to validate and determine the utility of salivary miRNAs as biomarkers of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Hicks
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Dongxiao Zhu
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Rhea Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Nirupama Kannikeswaran
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kathleen Meert
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Population Science, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Srinivasan Suresh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Usha Sethuraman
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Khan U, Karmakar BC, Basak P, Paul S, Gope A, Sarkar D, Mukhopadhyay AK, Dutta S, Bhattacharya S. Glycyrrhizin, an inhibitor of HMGB1 induces autolysosomal degradation function and inhibits Helicobacter pylori infection. Mol Med 2023; 29:51. [PMID: 37038107 PMCID: PMC10088177 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is a key agent for causing gastric complications linked with gastric disorders. In response to infection, host cells stimulate autophagy to maintain cellular homeostasis. However, H. pylori have evolved the ability to usurp the host's autophagic machinery. High mobility group box1 (HMGB1), an alarmin molecule is a regulator of autophagy and its expression is augmented during infection and gastric cancer. Therefore, this study aims to explore the role of glycyrrhizin (a known inhibitor of HMGB1) in autophagy during H. pylori infection. MAIN METHODS Human gastric cancer (AGS) cells were infected with the H. pylori SS1 strain and further treatment was done with glycyrrhizin. Western blot was used to examine the expression of autophagy proteins. Autophagy and lysosomal activity were monitored by fluorescence assays. A knockdown of HMGB1 was performed to verify the effect of glycyrrhizin. H. pylori infection in in vivo mice model was established and the effect of glycyrrhizin treatment was studied. RESULTS The autophagy-lysosomal pathway was impaired due to an increase in lysosomal membrane permeabilization during H. pylori infection in AGS cells. Subsequently, glycyrrhizin treatment restored the lysosomal membrane integrity. The recovered lysosomal function enhanced autolysosome formation and concomitantly attenuated the intracellular H. pylori growth by eliminating the pathogenic niche. Additionally, glycyrrhizin treatment inhibited inflammation and improved gastric tissue damage in mice. CONCLUSION This study showed that inhibiting HMGB1 restored lysosomal activity to ameliorate H. pylori infection. It also demonstrated the potential of glycyrrhizin as an antibacterial agent to address the problem of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Khan
- Division of Biochemistry ICMR-NICED, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Bipul Chandra Karmakar
- Division of Bacteriology ICMR-NICED, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Priyanka Basak
- Division of Biochemistry ICMR-NICED, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Sangita Paul
- Division of Bacteriology ICMR-NICED, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Animesh Gope
- Division of Clinical Medicine, ICMR-NICED, ICMR- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, India
| | - Deotima Sarkar
- Division of Biochemistry ICMR-NICED, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Asish Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Bacteriology ICMR-NICED, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology ICMR-NICED, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Sushmita Bhattacharya
- Division of Biochemistry ICMR-NICED, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, 700010, India.
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Tong T, Zhou Y, Huang Q, Xiao C, Bai Q, Deng B, Chen L. The regulation roles of miRNAs in Helicobacter pylori infection. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023:10.1007/s12094-023-03094-9. [PMID: 36781601 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a kind of Gram-negative bacteria that parasitizes on human gastric mucosa. Helicobacter pylori infection is very common in human beings, which often causes gastrointestinal diseases, including chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer. MicroRNAs are a group of endogenous non-coding single stranded RNAs, which play an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, autophagy, apoptosis and inflammation. In recent years, relevant studies have found that the expression of microRNA is changed after Helicobacter pylori infection, and then regulate the biological process of host cells. This paper reviews the regulation role of microRNAs on cell biological behavior through different signal pathways after Helicobacter pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tong
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.,Hengyang Engineering Technology Research Center, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.,Hengyang Engineering Technology Research Center, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qiaoling Huang
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.,Hengyang Engineering Technology Research Center, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Cui Xiao
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.,Hengyang Engineering Technology Research Center, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qinqin Bai
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.,Hengyang Engineering Technology Research Center, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.,Hengyang Engineering Technology Research Center, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China. .,Hengyang Engineering Technology Research Center, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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9
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Wang Z, Liu J, Xie J, Yuan X, Wang B, Shen W, Zhang Y. Regulation of autophagy by non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:947332. [PMID: 36353541 PMCID: PMC9637602 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.947332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular self-digesting process that degrades obsoleting proteins and cellular components and plays a crucial role in the tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance of various tumors such as gastric cancer (GC). As a hotspot in molecular biology, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes, such as autophagy. Increasing evidence indicate that various ncRNAs exert double roles in the initiation and progression of GC, either serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Recent studies have shown that some ncRNAs could modulate autophagy activity in GC cells, which would affect the malignant transformation and drug resistance. Whether the function of ncRNAs in GC is dependent on autophagy is undefined. Therefore, identifying the underlying moleculr targets of ncRNAs in autophagy pathways and the role of ncRNA-regulated autophagy in GC could develop new treatment interventions for this disease. This review summarizes the autophagy process and its role in GC, and the regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs, as well as focuses on the dual role of ncRNAs-mediated autophagy in GC, for the development of potential therapeutic strategies in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wang
- Graduate College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jingri Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- Graduate College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Bingyu Wang
- Graduate College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjuan Shen
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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10
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Lu L, Liang Q, Zhang X, Xu Y, Meng D, Liang Z. Autophagy Related Noncoding RNAs: Emerging Regulatory Factors of Gastric Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:2215-2224. [PMID: 35898946 PMCID: PMC9309173 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s364761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant cancers that seriously affect human health. Autophagy is a highly conserved self-defense mechanism found to plays an important role in the occurrence, progression, drug resistance, and prognosis of GC. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a critical role in the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases including GC. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to research on autophagy-related ncRNAs, such as miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in GC. Herein, we briefly summarize the roles, functions, and the research progress of autophagy and autophagy-related ncRNAs in GC with a focus on the potential application in GC tumorigenesis, development, prognosis, and drug resistance. We also discussed prospects of clinical application, future research direction, and challenges in future research of autophagy-related ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lu
- Child Healthcare Department, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyan Liang
- Health Care Department, People's Liberation Army Navy No. 971 Hospital, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Xu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehua Meng
- Department of Allergy, Dongtai People's Hospital, Yancheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofeng Liang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
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11
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miR-30c Increases the Intracellular Survival of Helicobacter pylori by Inhibiting Autophagy. Cell Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4536450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Persistent Helicobacter pylori infection causes a variety of gastrointestinal diseases and even gastric cancer. H. pylori invades gastric epithelial cells to survive and proliferate, which is one of the key factors in persistent colonization. A Published study has confirmed that cells can eliminate intracellular H. pylori through xenophagy to maintain intracellular balance. However, a growing body of evidences indicate that H. pylori can inhibit xenophagy by miRNA through regulating the expression of key autophagy-related genes. Through western blot analysis, mRFP-GFP-LC3 transfection assay, and transmission electron microscopy, we found that H. pylori infection obstructed autophagy flux degradation stage in GES-1 cell lines. Gentamicin protection assay confirmed that inhibit xenophagy is benefit for intracellular H. pylori survive. miR-30c-1-3p and miR-30c-5p were upregulated in GES-1 cell lines after infecting with H. pylori, resulting in the negative regulation on xenophagy. Further studies through bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that ATG14 and ULK1 were the target genes of miR-30c-1-3p and that ATG12 was the target gene of miR-30c-5p. The overexpression of miR-30c-1-3p and miR-30c-5p reduces the expression of ATG14, ULK1, and ATG12 at mRNA level and also decreased intracellular H. pylori elimination in GES-1 cells. The above results suggested that the inhibition on xenophagy by miR-30c-1-3p and miR-30c-5p through ATG14, ULK1, and ATG12 targeting benefitted intracellular H. pylori in the evasion of xenophagy clearance.
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12
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Prashar A, Capurro MI, Jones NL. Under the Radar: Strategies Used by Helicobacter pylori to Evade Host Responses. Annu Rev Physiol 2021; 84:485-506. [PMID: 34672717 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-035930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The body depends on its physical barriers and innate and adaptive immune responses to defend against the constant assault of potentially harmful microbes. In turn, successful pathogens have evolved unique mechanisms to adapt to the host environment and manipulate host defenses. Helicobacter pylori (Hp), a human gastric pathogen that is acquired in childhood and persists throughout life, is an example of a bacterium that is very successful at remodeling the host-pathogen interface to promote a long-term persistent infection. Using a combination of secreted virulence factors, immune subversion, and manipulation of cellular mechanisms, Hp can colonize and persist in the hostile environment of the human stomach. Here, we review the most recent and relevant information regarding how this successful pathogen overcomes gastric epithelial host defense responses to facilitate its own survival and establish a chronic infection. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 84 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Prashar
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Mariana I Capurro
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Nicola L Jones
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; .,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Departments of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Lu SY, Guo S, Chai SB, Yang JQ, Yue Y, Li H, Sun PM, Zhang T, Sun HW, Zhou JL, Yang JW, Yang HM, Li ZP, Cui Y. Autophagy in Gastric Mucosa: The Dual Role and Potential Therapeutic Target. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:2648065. [PMID: 34195260 PMCID: PMC8214476 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2648065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of stomach diseases is very high, which has a significant impact on human health. Damaged gastric mucosa is more vulnerable to injury, leading to bleeding and perforation, which eventually aggravates the primary disease. Therefore, the protection of gastric mucosa is crucial. However, existing drugs that protect gastric mucosa can cause nonnegligible side effects, such as hepatic inflammation, nephritis, hypoacidity, impotence, osteoporotic bone fracture, and hypergastrinemia. Autophagy, as a major intracellular lysosome-dependent degradation process, plays a key role in maintaining intracellular homeostasis and resisting environmental pressure, which may be a potential therapeutic target for protecting gastric mucosa. Recent studies have demonstrated that autophagy played a dual role when gastric mucosa exposed to biological and chemical factors. More indepth studies are needed on the protective effect of autophagy in gastric mucosa. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms and the dual role of various biological and chemical factors regulating autophagy, such as Helicobacter pylori, virus, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. And we summarize the pathophysiological properties and pharmacological strategies for the protection of gastric mucosa through autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yu Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Song Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shao-Bin Chai
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jia-Qi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pei-Ming Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Wei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin-Lian Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian-Wu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - He-Ming Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zheng-Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
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14
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Role of the Outer Inflammatory Protein A/Cystine-Glutamate Transporter Pathway in Gastric Mucosal Injury Induced by Helicobacter pylori. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 11:e00178. [PMID: 32677810 PMCID: PMC7263648 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is a major cause of gastrointestinal diseases. However, the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal injury by H. pylori remains unclear. Exogenous glutamate supplementation protects against gastric mucosal injury caused by H. pylori. Previously, we showed that aspirin-induced gastric injury is associated with reduction in glutamate release by inhibition of cystine–glutamate transporter (xCT) activity. We hypothesized that the xCT pathway is involved in H. pylori-induced gastric mucosal injury. In this study, we tested the activity of xCT and evaluated the regulatory effect of outer inflammatory protein (Oip) A on xCT in H. pylori-induced gastric mucosal injury.
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15
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Wang C, Hu Y, Yang H, Wang S, Zhou B, Bao Y, Huang Y, Luo Q, Yang C, Xie X, Yang S. Function of Non-coding RNA in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Gastric Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:649105. [PMID: 34046430 PMCID: PMC8144459 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.649105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system. Its occurrence and development are the result of a combination of genetic, environmental, and microbial factors. Helicobacter pylori infection is a chronic infection that is closely related to the occurrence of gastric tumorigenesis. Non-coding RNA has been demonstrated to play a very important role in the organism, exerting a prominent role in the carcinogenesis, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance of tumor progression. H. pylori infection affects the expression of non-coding RNA at multiple levels such as genetic polymorphisms and signaling pathways, thereby promoting or inhibiting tumor progression or chemoresistance. This paper mainly introduces the relationship between H. pylori-infected gastric cancer and non-coding RNA, providing a new perspective for gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiyang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sumin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulu Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Riahi Rad Z, Riahi Rad Z, Goudarzi H, Goudarzi M, Mahmoudi M, Yasbolaghi Sharahi J, Hashemi A. MicroRNAs in the interaction between host-bacterial pathogens: A new perspective. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6249-6270. [PMID: 33599300 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression regulation plays a critical role in host-pathogen interactions, and RNAs function is essential in this process. miRNAs are small noncoding, endogenous RNA fragments that affect stability and/or translation of mRNAs, act as major posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. miRNA is involved in regulating many biological or pathological processes through targeting specific mRNAs, including development, differentiation, apoptosis, cell cycle, cytoskeleton organization, and autophagy. Deregulated microRNA expression is associated with many types of diseases, including cancers, immune disturbances, and infection. miRNAs are a vital section of the host immune response to bacterial-made infection. Bacterial pathogens suppress host miRNA expression for their benefit, promoting survival, replication, and persistence. The role played through miRNAs in interaction with host-bacterial pathogen has been extensively studied in the past 10 years, and knowledge about these staggering molecules' function can clarify the complicated and ambiguous interactions of the host-bacterial pathogen. Here, we review how pathogens prevent the host miRNA expression. We briefly discuss emerging themes in this field, including their role as biomarkers in identifying bacterial infections, as part of the gut microbiota, on host miRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Riahi Rad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Riahi Rad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahmoudi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Yasbolaghi Sharahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Mishra R, Krishnamoorthy P, Kumar H. MicroRNA-30e-5p Regulates SOCS1 and SOCS3 During Bacterial Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:604016. [PMID: 33585275 PMCID: PMC7873556 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.604016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Host innate immunity is the major player against continuous microbial infection. Various pathogenic bacteria adopt the strategies to evade the immunity and show resistance toward the various established therapies. Despite the advent of many antibiotics for bacterial infections, there is a substantial need for the host-directed therapies (HDTs) to combat the infection. HDTs are recently being adopted to be useful in eradicating intracellular bacterial infection. Changing the innate immune responses of the host cells alters pathogen's ability to reside inside the cell. MicroRNAs are the small non-coding endogenous molecules and post-transcriptional regulators to target the 3'UTR of the messenger RNA. They are reported to modulate the host's immune responses during bacterial infections. Exploiting microRNAs as a therapeutic candidate in HDTs upon bacterial infection is still in its infancy. Here, initially, we re-analyzed the publicly available transcriptomic dataset of macrophages, infected with different pathogenic bacteria and identified significant genes and microRNAs common to the differential infections. We thus identified and miR-30e-5p, to be upregulated in different bacterial infections which enhances innate immunity to combat bacterial replication by targeting key negative regulators such as SOCS1 and SOCS3 of innate immune signaling pathways. Therefore, we propose miR-30e-5p as one of the potential candidates to be considered for additional clinical validation toward HDTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Mishra
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Pandikannan Krishnamoorthy
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Himanshu Kumar
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, India.,WPI Immunology, Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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18
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Pourhanifeh MH, Vosough M, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Hashemipour M, Nejati M, Abbasi-Kolli M, Sahebkar A, Mirzaei H. Autophagy-related microRNAs: Possible regulatory roles and therapeutic potential in and gastrointestinal cancers. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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He Y, Wang C, Zhang X, Lu X, Xing J, Lv J, Guo M, Huo X, Liu X, Lu J, Du X, Li C, Chen Z. Sustained Exposure to Helicobacter pylori Lysate Inhibits Apoptosis and Autophagy of Gastric Epithelial Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:581364. [PMID: 33194715 PMCID: PMC7658535 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.581364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is designated as a class I carcinogen of human gastric cancer following long-term infection. During this process, H. pylori bacteria persist in proliferation and death, and release bacterial components that come into contact with gastric epithelial cells and regulate host cell function. However, the impact of long-term exposure to H. pylori lysate on the pathological changes of gastric cells is not clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the regulation and mechanisms involved in gastric cell dysfunction following continuous exposure to H. pylori lysate. We co-cultured gastric cell lines GES-1 and MKN-45 with H. pylori lysate for 30 generations, and we found that sustained exposure to H. pylori lysate inhibited GES-1 cell invasion, migration, autophagy, and apoptosis, while it did not inhibit MKN-45 cell invasion or migration. Furthermore, Mongolian gerbils infected with H. pylori ATCC 43504 strains for 90 weeks confirmed the in vitro results. The clinical and in vitro data indicated that sustained exposure to H. pylori lysate inhibited cell apoptosis and autophagy through the Nod1-NF-κB/MAPK-ERK/FOXO4 signaling pathway. In conclusion, sustained exposure to H. pylori lysate promoted proliferation of gastric epithelial cells and inhibited autophagy and apoptosis via Nod1-NF-κB/MAPK-ERK/FOXO4 signaling pathway. In the process of H. pylori-induced gastric lesions, H. pylori lysate plays as an “accomplice” to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Cunlong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiulin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xuancheng Lu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Xing
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyi Lv
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyun Huo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Changlong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
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20
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Kalsoom F, Sajjad-Ur-Rahman, Mahmood MS, Zahoor T. Association of Interleukin-1B gene Polymorphism with H. pylori infected Dyspeptic Gastric Diseases and Healthy Population. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:825-830. [PMID: 32494282 PMCID: PMC7260888 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.4.1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of study was to investigate the association of IL 1B gene polymorphism with involvement of H. pylori and other gastric diseases. Methods: Blood samples of dyspeptic patients were collected from endoscopy department of Allied Hospital Faisalabad from January 2017 to January 2019 and were qualitatively assayed for serological detection of CagA H. pylori antibodies. PCR followed by direct sequencing was performed for proinflammatory IL-1B gene polymorphism detection. Sequence analysis was performed in software SnapGene viewer for haplotypes. Results: Demographic characteristics of seropositive patients showed maximum 25% gastritis in age groups of 20-40 years and 41-60 years, predominantly (41.7%) in females. While in seronegative patient’s gastritis (33.3%) was found in age group of 20-40 years mainly in males (41.7%). Among studied groups, higher expression of IL-1B-511 genotype (33.3%) polymorphism was found in healthy individuals as compared to H. pylori seropositive (25%) and seronegative (8.3%). While IL-1B-31 genotype showed maximum 33.3% polymorphism rate in seropositive gastric diseased group. Moreover, haplotypes frequencies IL-1B-511CC and IL-1B-31TT were predominantly (20%) found in seropositive gastric diseased group. Conclusions: In H. pylori seropositive patients, gastric disease was commonly found, however, gastric disease was not only associated with H. pylori as seronegative patients were also carrying gastric complications. Interleukin IL-1B polymorphism was partially associated with H. pylori infection in studied dyspeptic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkhanda Kalsoom
- Dr. Furkhanda Kalsoom, Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad-Ur-Rahman
- Prof. Dr. Sajjad-ur-Rahman, Post Doc, Director, Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid Mahmood
- Dr. Muhammad Shahid Mahmood, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Zahoor
- Prof. Dr. Tahir Zahoor, Post Doc, Director, General National Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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21
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Zhao Y, Wang P, Wu Q. miR-1278 sensitizes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells to cisplatin and suppresses autophagy via targeting ATG2B. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 53:101597. [PMID: 32407879 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance to cisplatin (DDP) has become a dominating obstacle to the successful treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Recently, accumulating data support the tenet that microRNAs (miRNAs) function as new crucial regulators of diverse biological processes, including chemoresistance. In this study, the miRNA expression profiles in NPC were first analyzed using miRNA microarray dataset. miR-1278 was identified as the most decreased miRNA in NPC tissues. We then validated that miR-1278 was significantly down-regulated in NPC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, decreased miR-1278 was strongly associated with worse overall survival and poor chemotherapy response. Gain-of-function experiments showed that overexpression of miR-1278 dramatically sensitized NPC cells to DDP and reduced autophagy. Mechanistically, ATG2B was identified as a target gene of miR-1278. More importantly, ATG2B overexpression reversed miR-1278-induced suppression of autophagy and DDP resistance. Taken together, our results suggested that miR-1278 inhibited the DDP resistance of NPC cells and autophagy through targeting ATG2B. miR-1278 might function as a novel therapeutic target in NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200011, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Peihua Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200011, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Qingwei Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200011, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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22
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Silwal P, Kim YS, Basu J, Jo EK. The roles of microRNAs in regulation of autophagy during bacterial infection. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 101:51-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Feng J, Guo J, Wang JP, Chai BF. MiR-32-5p aggravates intestinal epithelial cell injury in pediatric enteritis induced by Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:6222-6237. [PMID: 31749593 PMCID: PMC6848013 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i41.6222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric enteritis is one of the infectious diseases in the digestive system that causes a variety of digestive problems, including diarrhea, vomiting, and bellyache in children. Clinically, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is one of the common factors to cause pediatric enteritis. It has been demonstrated that aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is found in gastrointestinal diseases caused by H. pylori, and we discovered a significant increase of miR-32-5p in H. pylori-related pediatric enteritis. However, the exact role of miR-32-5p in it is still unknown.
AIM To investigate the role of aberrant miR-32-5p in pediatric enteritis induced by H. pylori.
METHODS MiR-32-5p expression was detected by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction. The biological role of miR-32-5p in H. pylori-treated intestinal epithelial cells was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry. The potential target of miR-32-5p was predicted with TargetScanHuman and verified by luciferase assay. The downstream mechanism of miR-32-5p was explored by using molecular biology methods.
RESULTS We found that miR-32-5p was overexpressed in serum of H. pylori-induced pediatric enteritis. Further investigation revealed that H. pylori infection promoted the death of intestinal epithelial cells, and increased miR-32-5p expression. Moreover, miR-32-5p mimic further facilitated apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine secretion of intestinal epithelial cells. Further exploration revealed that SMAD family member 6 (SMAD6) was the direct target of miR-32-5p, and SMAD6 overexpression partially rescued cell damage induced by H. pylori. The following experiments showed that miR-32-5p/SMAD6 participated in the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells induced by transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-p38 activation under H. pylori infection.
CONCLUSION Our work uncovered the crucial role of aberrant expression of miR-32-5p in H. pylori–related pediatric enteritis, and suggested that the TAK1-p38 pathway is involved in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Feng
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jun-Ping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Bao-Feng Chai
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi Province, China
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24
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Zhang F, Chen C, Hu J, Su R, Zhang J, Han Z, Chen H, Li Y. Molecular mechanism of Helicobacter pylori-induced autophagy in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6221-6227. [PMID: 31788098 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative pathogen that colonizes gastric epithelial cells. The drug resistance rates of H. pylori have dramatically increased, causing persistent infections. Chronic infection by H. pylori is a critical cause of gastritis, peptic ulcers and even gastric cancer. In host cells, autophagy is stimulated to maintain cellular homeostasis following intracellular pathogen recognition by the innate immune defense system. However, H. pylori-induced autophagy is not consistent during acute and chronic infection. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the association between H. pylori infection and autophagy in gastric epithelial cells could aid the understanding of the mechanisms of persistent infection and the identification of autophagy-associated therapeutic targets for H. pylori infection. The present review describes the role of H. pylori and associated virulence factors in the induction of autophagy by different signaling pathways during acute infection. Additionally, the inhibition of autophagy in gastric epithelial cells during chronic infection was discussed. The present review summarized H. pylori-mediated autophagy and provided insights into its mechanism of action, suggesting the induction of autophagy as a novel therapeutic target for persistent H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Jike Hu
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Ruiliang Su
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Junqiang Zhang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Han
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Yumin Li
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
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25
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Bravo J, Díaz P, Corvalán AH, Quest AFG. A Novel Role for Helicobacter pylori Gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase in Regulating Autophagy and Bacterial Internalization in Human Gastric Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060801. [PMID: 31185677 PMCID: PMC6627848 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of developing gastric cancer is strongly linked to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Alternatively, autophagy is a conserved response that is important in cellular homeostasis and provides protection against bacterial infections. Although H. pylori is typically considered an extracellular bacterium, several reports indicate that it internalizes, possibly to avoid exposure to antibiotics. Mechanisms by which H. pylori manipulates host cell autophagic processes remain unclear and, importantly, none of the available studies consider a role for the secreted H. pylori virulence factor gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (HpGGT) in this context. Here, we identify HpGGT as a novel autophagy inhibitor in gastric cells. Our experiments revealed that deletion of HpGGT increased autophagic flux following H. pylori infection of AGS and GES-1 gastric cells. In AGS cells, HpGGT disrupted the late stages of autophagy by preventing degradation in lysosomes without affecting lysosomal acidification. Specifically, HpGGT impaired autophagic flux by disrupting lysosomal membrane integrity, which leads to a decrease in lysosomal cathepsin B activity. Moreover, HpGGT was necessary for efficient internalization of the bacteria into gastric cells. This important role of HpGGT in internalization together with the ability to inhibit autophagy posits HpGGT as a key virulence factor in the development of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Bravo
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for the Study of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380492, Chile.
| | - Paula Díaz
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for the Study of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380492, Chile.
| | - Alejandro H Corvalán
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380492, Chile.
- Laboratory of Oncology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330034, Chile.
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for the Study of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380492, Chile.
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26
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Hu ZQ, Rao CL, Tang ML, zhang Y, Lu XX, Chen JG, Mao C, Deng L, Li Q, Mao XH. Rab32 GTPase, as a direct target of miR-30b/c, controls the intracellular survival of Burkholderia pseudomallei by regulating phagosome maturation. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007879. [PMID: 31199852 PMCID: PMC6594657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterium, which causes a disease known as melioidosis. Professional phagocytes represent a crucial first line of innate defense against invading pathogens. Uptake of pathogens by these cells involves the formation of a phagosome that matures by fusing with early and late endocytic vesicles, resulting in killing of ingested microbes. Host Rab GTPases are central regulators of vesicular trafficking following pathogen phagocytosis. However, it is unclear how Rab GTPases interact with B. pseudomallei to regulate the transport and maturation of bacterial-containing phagosomes. Here, we showed that the host Rab32 plays an important role in mediating antimicrobial activity by promoting phagosome maturation at an early phase of infection with B. pseudomallei. And we demonstrated that the expression level of Rab32 is increased through the downregulation of the synthesis of miR-30b/30c in B. pseudomallei infected macrophages. Subsequently, we showed that B. pseudomallei resides temporarily in Rab32-positive compartments with late endocytic features. And Rab32 enhances phagosome acidification and promotes the fusion of B. pseudomallei-containing phagosomes with lysosomes to activate cathepsin D, resulting in restricted intracellular growth of B. pseudomallei. Additionally, Rab32 mediates phagosome maturation depending on its guanosine triphosphate/guanosine diphosphate (GTP/GDP) binding state. Finally, we report the previously unrecognized role of miR-30b/30c in regulating B. pseudomallei-containing phagosome maturation by targeting Rab32 in macrophages. Altogether, we provide a novel insight into the host immune-regulated cellular pathway against B. pseudomallei infection is partially dependent on Rab32 trafficking pathway, which regulates phagosome maturation and enhances the killing of this bacterium in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-qiang Hu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory & Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng-long Rao
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory & Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Meng-ling Tang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory & Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu zhang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory & Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-xue Lu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory & Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-gao Chen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory & Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chan Mao
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory & Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Deng
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory & Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory & Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xu-hu Mao
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory & Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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27
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Aguilar C, Mano M, Eulalio A. Multifaceted Roles of microRNAs in Host-Bacterial Pathogen Interaction. Microbiol Spectr 2019; 7:10.1128/microbiolspec.bai-0002-2019. [PMID: 31152522 PMCID: PMC11026079 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.bai-0002-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a well-characterized class of small noncoding RNAs that act as major posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. Accordingly, miRNAs have been associated with a wide range of fundamental biological processes and implicated in human diseases. During the past decade, miRNAs have also been recognized for their role in the complex interplay between the host and bacterial pathogens, either as part of the host response to counteract infection or as a molecular strategy employed by bacteria to subvert host pathways for their own benefit. Importantly, the characterization of downstream miRNA targets and their underlying mechanisms of action has uncovered novel molecular factors and pathways relevant to infection. In this article, we review the current knowledge of the miRNA response to bacterial infection, focusing on different bacterial pathogens, including Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium spp., and Helicobacter pylori, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Aguilar
- Host RNA Metabolism Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Miguel Mano
- Functional Genomics and RNA-Based Therapeutics Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Eulalio
- Host RNA Metabolism Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- RNA & Infection Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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28
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Zou D, Xu L, Li H, Ma Y, Gong Y, Guo T, Jing Z, Xu X, Zhang Y. Role of abnormal microRNA expression in Helicobacter pylori associated gastric cancer. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:239-251. [PMID: 30776938 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1575793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is a risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). HP infection may induce the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, and abnormally increase the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and cytokines in mucosal epithelial cells of the stomach. However, the specific mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of HP-associated GC is still poorly understood. Recent studies have revealed that abnormal microRNA expression may affect the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of mucosal epithelial cells of the stomach to further influence GC occurrence, development, and metastasis. Herein, we summarize the role of abnormal microRNAs in the regulation of HP-associated GC progression. Abnormal microRNA expression in HP-positive GC may be a biomarker for GC diagnosis, occurrence, and development as well as its targeted treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zou
- a The First laboratory of cancer institute , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Ling Xu
- b Department of Medical Oncology , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Heming Li
- b Department of Medical Oncology , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China.,c Department of Oncology , Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University , Dalian , China
| | - Yanju Ma
- b Department of Medical Oncology , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China.,d Department of Medical Oncology , Cancer Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Yuehua Gong
- e Department of Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University , Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department , Shenyang , China
| | - Tianshu Guo
- b Department of Medical Oncology , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Zhitao Jing
- f Department of Neurosurgery , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Xiuying Xu
- g Department of Gastroenterology , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Ye Zhang
- a The First laboratory of cancer institute , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
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29
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Mechanisms of Inflammasome Signaling, microRNA Induction and Resolution of Inflammation by Helicobacter pylori. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:267-302. [PMID: 31123893 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasome-controlled transcription and subsequent cleavage-mediated activation of mature IL-1β and IL-18 cytokines exemplify a crucial innate immune mechanism to combat intruding pathogens. Helicobacter pylori represents a predominant persistent infection in humans, affecting approximately half of the population worldwide, and is associated with the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Studies in knockout mice have demonstrated that the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β plays a central role in gastric tumorigenesis. Infection by H. pylori was recently reported to stimulate the inflammasome both in cells of the mouse and human immune systems. Using mouse models and in vitro cultured cell systems, the bacterial pathogenicity factors and molecular mechanisms of inflammasome activation have been analyzed. On the one hand, it appears that H. pylori-stimulated IL-1β production is triggered by engagement of the immune receptors TLR2 and NLRP3, and caspase-1. On the other hand, microRNA hsa-miR-223-3p is induced by the bacteria, which controls the expression of NLRP3. This regulating effect by H. pylori on microRNA expression was also described for more than 60 additionally identified microRNAs, indicating a prominent role for inflammatory and other responses. Besides TLR2, TLR9 becomes activated by H. pylori DNA and further TLR10 stimulated by the bacteria induce the secretion of IL-8 and TNF, respectively. Interestingly, TLR-dependent pathways can accelerate both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses during H. pylori infection. Balancing from a pro-inflammation to anti-inflammation phenotype results in a reduction in immune attack, allowing H. pylori to persistently colonize and to survive in the gastric niche. In this chapter, we will pinpoint the role of H. pylori in TLR- and NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent signaling together with the differential functions of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the impact of microRNAs on H. pylori-host interaction will be discussed, and its role in resolution of infection versus chronic infection, as well as in gastric disease development.
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30
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Aguilar C, Mano M, Eulalio A. MicroRNAs at the Host-Bacteria Interface: Host Defense or Bacterial Offense. Trends Microbiol 2018; 27:206-218. [PMID: 30477908 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs that act as major post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. They are currently recognized for their important role in the intricate interaction between host and bacterial pathogens, either as part of the host immune response to neutralize infection, or as a molecular strategy employed by bacteria to hijack host pathways for their own benefit. Here, we summarize recent advances on the function of miRNAs during infection of mammalian hosts by bacterial pathogens, highlighting key cellular pathways. In addition, we discuss emerging themes in this field, including the participation of miRNAs in host-microbiota crosstalk and cell-to-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Aguilar
- Host RNA Metabolism Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Miguel Mano
- Functional Genomics and RNA-based Therapeutics Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Eulalio
- Host RNA Metabolism Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; RNA & Infection Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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31
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miRNAs reshape immunity and inflammatory responses in bacterial infection. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2018; 3:14. [PMID: 29844933 PMCID: PMC5968033 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-018-0006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria cause various infections worldwide, especially in immunocompromised and other susceptible individuals, and are also associated with high infant mortality rates in developing countries. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs with evolutionarily conserved sequences, are expressed in various tissues and cells that play key part in various physiological and pathologic processes. Increasing evidence implies roles for miRNAs in bacterial infectious diseases by modulating inflammatory responses, cell penetration, tissue remodeling, and innate and adaptive immunity. This review highlights some recent intriguing findings, ranging from the correlation between aberrant expression of miRNAs with bacterial infection progression to their profound impact on host immune responses. Harnessing of dysregulated miRNAs in bacterial infection may be an approach to improving the diagnosis, prevention and therapy of infectious diseases. Changes in production of tiny cellular RNAs in response to bacterial infection could guide the development of better diagnostics and therapies. MicroRNAs regulate other genes by binding to messenger RNA strands and controlling their translation into proteins. Xikun Zhou, Min Wu and colleagues of the University of North Dakota have now reviewed current knowledge about how microRNA levels shift during infection with various bacterial pathogens. These microRNAs can modulate the immune response as well as pathways that influence metabolic activity and cell survival. Increasing studies have indicated that shifts in microRNA levels in response to different infections could provide a potential bacterial ‘fingerprint’ for achieving accurate diagnosis. With deeper insight into how different microRNAs influence infection, it might one day day become possible to target these molecules with ‘antisense’ or ‘agonist’ drugs that modulate their activity.
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Zhang L, Hu W, Cho CH, Chan FK, Yu J, Fitzgerald JR, Cheung CK, Xiao ZG, Shen J, Li LF, Li MX, Wu JC, Ling TK, Chan JY, Ko H, Tse G, Ng SC, Yu S, Wang MH, Gin T, Ashktorab H, Smoot DT, Wong SH, Chan MT, Wu WK. Reduced lysosomal clearance of autophagosomes promotes survival and colonization of Helicobacter pylori. J Pathol 2018; 244:432-444. [PMID: 29327342 DOI: 10.1002/path.5033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Evasion of autophagy is key for intracellular survival of bacteria in host cells, but its involvement in persistent infection by Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium identified to invade gastric epithelial cells, remains obscure. The aim of this study was to functionally characterize the role of autophagy in H. pylori infection. Autophagy was assayed in H. pylori-infected human gastric epithelium and the functional role of autophagy was determined via genetic or pharmacological ablation of autophagy in mouse and cell line models of H. pylori infection. Here, we showed that H. pylori inhibited lysosomal function and thereby promoted the accumulation of autophagosomes in gastric epithelial cells. Importantly, inhibiting autophagosome formation by pharmacological inhibitors or genetic ablation of BECN1 or ATG5 reduced H. pylori intracellular survival, whereas inhibition of lysosomal functions exerted an opposite effect. Further experiments demonstrated that H. pylori inhibited lysosomal acidification and the retrograde trafficking of mannose-6-phosphate receptors, both of which are known to positively regulate lysosomal function. We conclude that H. pylori subverts autophagy into a pro-survival mechanism through inhibition of lysosomal clearance of autophagosomes. Disruption of autophagosome formation offers a novel strategy to reduce H. pylori colonization in human stomachs. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Chi H Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Francis Kl Chan
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | | | - Cynthia Ky Cheung
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Zhan G Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Long F Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ming X Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Justin Cy Wu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Thomas Kw Ling
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Jason Yk Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Ho Ko
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Siew C Ng
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Sidney Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Maggie Ht Wang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Tony Gin
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.,Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.,Howard University Hospital, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Duane T Smoot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sunny H Wong
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Matthew Tv Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - William Kk Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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Huang Y, Deng X, Lang J, Liang X. Modulation of quantum dots and clearance of Helicobacter pylori with synergy of cell autophagy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:849-861. [PMID: 29309908 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is one type of Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that colonizes and causes a wide range of gastric diseases. Once Hp penetrates into cells, the currently recognized triple or quadruple therapy often loses effectiveness. Recent evidence suggests that autophagy is closely associated with Hp infection, and can play an important role in the eradication of Hp. More importantly, certain types of quantum dots (QDs) can induce and modulate cellular autophagy, and can be developed into conjugates making QDs potential candidates as new anti-Hp agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Xin Deng
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Jian Lang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Xingqiu Liang
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
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Mommersteeg MC, Yu J, Peppelenbosch MP, Fuhler GM. Genetic host factors in Helicobacter pylori-induced carcinogenesis: Emerging new paradigms. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1869:42-52. [PMID: 29154808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter Pylori is a gram negative rod shaped microaerophilic bacterium that colonizes the stomach of approximately half the world's population. Infection with c may cause chronic gastritis which via a quite well described process known as Correas cascade can progress through sequential development of atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia to gastric cancer. H. pylori is currently the only bacterium that is classified as a class 1 carcinogen by the WHO, although the exact mechanisms by which this bacterium contributes to gastric carcinogenesis are still poorly understood. Only a minority of H. pylori-infected patients will eventually develop gastric cancer, suggesting that host factors may be important in determining the outcome of H. pylori infection. This is supported by a growing body of evidence suggesting that the host genetic background contributes to risk of H. pylori infection and gastric carcinogenesis. In particular single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes that influence bacterial handling via pattern recognition receptors appear to be involved, further strengthening the link between host risk factors, H. pylori incidence and cancer. Many of these genes influence cellular pathways leading to inflammatory signaling, inflammasome formation and autophagy. In this review we summarize known carcinogenic effects of H. pylori, and discuss recent findings that implicate host genetic pattern recognition pathways in the development of gastric cancer and their relation with H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel C Mommersteeg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical center Rotterdam, Office NA-619, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, Rm 707A, 7/F., Li Ka Shing Medical Science Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical center Rotterdam, Office NA-619, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gwenny M Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical center Rotterdam, Office NA-619, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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35
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The effect of miR-30d on apoptosis and autophagy in cultured astrocytes under oxygen-glucose deprivation. Brain Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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miR-30c is specifically repressed in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017; 105:73-79. [PMID: 28610790 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculous pleurisy (PLTB) is a common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. It often resolves without chemotherapy being hence considered a rather benign manifestation of the disease. Patients with PLTB mount an effective anti-mycobacterial response, unlike those with active pulmonary TB (pTB) that were shown to present an imbalance in plasma immune and endocrine mediators. In this work, we explored whether expression of the active isoform of the glucocorticoid receptor (hGRα) in the context of the inflammatory-anti-inflammatory responses of TB patients may be associated to microRNA levels. As expected, the inflammatory response triggered in patients coexists with increased circulating cortisol and altered hGRα levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, while hGRα expression is significantly downregulated in PLTB, its levels in pTB patients are higher within the control values. These results point out to the existence of an additional mechanism tending to preserve hGRα levels probably to deal with the chronic inflammation observed in pTB. In this regard, we found that miR-30c is strongly downregulated in mononuclear cells of pTB patients compared to PLTB cases, showing an expression profile opposite to that seen with hGRα. Interestingly, low levels of miR-30c are specific for this active form of TB, as its expression is not altered in mononuclear cells from either healthy controls or patients with tuberculous or non-tuberculous pleurisy. Moreover, miR-30c and hGRα also showed an inverse expression pattern in M. tuberculosis-stimulated THP-1 macrophage cultures. In sum, our studies identify miR-30c as a specific correlate of pulmonary manifestations of TB, potentially involved in the altered glucocorticoid sensitivity observed in these patients.
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Xie R, Wu SN, Gao CC, Yang XZ, Wang HG, Zhang JL, Yan W, Ma TH. MicroRNA-30d inhibits the migration and invasion of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells via the post‑transcriptional regulation of enhancer of zeste homolog 2. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1682-1690. [PMID: 28184915 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the expression pattern, clinical significance and biological functions of microRNA-30d (miR-30d) in esophageal carcinogenesis. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression levels of miR-30d in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and cell lines. Then, associations between miR-30d expression and various clinicopathological features of patients with ESCC were statistically evaluated. In addition, the effects of miR-30d on the migration and invasion of two human ESCC cell lines transfected with miRNA or co-transfected with miRNA mimics and the expression vector of its target gene were determined. The results revealed that the expression levels of miR-30d were markedly decreased in ESCC tissues and cell lines, comparing with the corresponding normal controls. Notably, reduced expression of miR-30d occurred more frequently in ESCC patients with positive lymph node metastasis, moderate-poor differentiation and advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage than those with negative features. Functionally, enforced expression of miR-30d was found to inhibit cell invasion and migration of the ESCC cell lines. Luciferase reporter assay identified enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) as a direct target gene of miR-30d. The expression level of EZH2 mRNA was negatively correlated with the expression of miR-30d in the ESCC tissues. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of miR-30d on ESCC cell motility was reversed by EZH2 overexpression. Collectively, these findings provide convincing evidence that decreased expression of miR-30d may be implicated in esophageal carcinogenesis and progression. We also confirmed miR-30d as a tumor-suppressor which may inhibit cancer cell motility by targeting EZH2, a potential therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Shang-Nong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Ling Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Heng Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
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