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El Menshawy N, Hassan N, Khariza M, AlAshery H, Baghat M, Ashour R. CD4/CD8 Ratio could be predictor of burden hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian chronic hepatitis C after combined sofosbuvir and daclatasvir therapy. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:198-212. [PMID: 37545943 PMCID: PMC10398471 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the first years of the use of direct acting Hepatitis C antiviral drugs (DAAS), several studies reported a possible correlation between this new era of treatment and an increased risk of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its development could possibly be favored by the changes in the immunological milieu and the different cellular behavior after eradication of HCV infection with them. For this reason, this study aimed to address the immunological effect of DAAS. Subject & methods Prospective paired -sample design, carried out on 90 naïve chronically infected HCV patients before and after receiving a combination therapy of sofosbuvir; at a dose of 400 mg once daily and daclatasvir; at a dose of 60 mg once daily for 12 weeks and follow up for one year. immunological tests including: total T cell count, T helper cell count, T cytotoxic cell count and natural killer cell count in peripheral blood through (CD3, CD3/CD4, CD3/CD8 and CD56 respectively) by Fluorochrome monoclonal antibodies labelled with specific dyes through Multiparameter, FACSCanto ™ II flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, USA). Result Concerning the immunological changes, total T cells (CD3+), Natural killer cells showed non-significant decrease at end of therapy while significant decrease in T helper cells (CD3+CD4+) T cytotoxic cells (CD3+CD8+) compared to pre-treatment value. Long follow up revealed 26.6% developed focal HCC, in more addition, multivariate analysis show CD4/CD8 ratio could be predictor as well as sex for early development of HCC after combined DAAS therapy. Conclusion HCV treatment by DAAS produces significant decrease in T helper, T cytotoxic cells in CHC patients at the end of therapy. 26.6% developed focal HCC with independent CD4/CD8 predictor for burden malignancy. Further large extended population study is needed for clarify this concern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noha Hassan
- Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy
| | | | | | - Monir Baghat
- Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine
| | - Rehab Ashour
- Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy
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2
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Zhou S, Liu M, Xia Y, Zhang L, Shao L, Wang N, Yu W, Ding N, Zhang K, Liang X. Association of the 3' untranslated region polymorphisms of HLA-G with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis C virus infection in the Chinese population. Hum Immunol 2021; 83:47-52. [PMID: 34556350 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health problem. Several previous studies have addressed the role of host single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HCV infection. SNPs in the regulatory region of the human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) gene play an important role in several diseases. The objective of this study is to determine the association of HLA-G 3'untranslated region (UTR) polymorphisms with the susceptibility to chronic hepatitis C infection in the Chinese population. HLA-G 3' UTR polymorphisms, which include 14-bp Ins/Del (rs371194629), +3003T/C (rs1707), +3010C/G (rs1710), +3027 A/C (rs17179101), +3035C/T (rs17179108), +3142 G/C (rs1063320), +3187 A/G (rs9380142) and + 3196C/G (rs1610696), were analyzed in 246 patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and 294 healthy individuals. The alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes were compared between chronic hepatitis C-infected subjects and controls using chi-square tests and logistic regression models. After a correction of multiple comparisons by the false discovery rate (FDR), the allele frequency of + 3196C, genotype frequencies of + 3187 AA and + 3196CC and frequency of the UTR-3 haplotype were significantly higher in the patients than in the control group (P < 0.05), whereas the frequencies of UTR-1 and UTR-2 haplotypes were significantly lower in the patients than in the control group (P < 0.05). After a correction of multiple comparisons by FDR, UTR-2 and UTR-3 maintained significant associations with chronic hepatitis C. This study indicates that HLA-G 3'UTR polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility to chronic hepatitis C infection in the Chinese population. HLA-G 3'UTR may play an important role in risk modulation toward HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihang Zhou
- Department of Blood Group, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuexin Xia
- Department of Blood Group, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Blood Group, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China
| | - Linnan Shao
- Department of Blood Group, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China
| | - Ni Wang
- Department of Blood Group, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China
| | - Weijian Yu
- Department of Blood Group, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Dalian Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Department of Blood Group, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China.
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3
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Sanghi V, Romero-Marrero C, Flocco G, Graham RP, Abduljawad B, Niyazi F, Asfari MM, Hashimoto K, Eghtesad B, Menon KVN, Aucejo FN, Lopez R, Yerian LM, Allende DS. The spectrum of histopathological findings after SVR to DAA for recurrent HCV infection in liver transplant recipients. Virchows Arch 2021; 480:335-347. [PMID: 34498114 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sustained virological response (SVR) to the treatment of recurrent HCV in liver transplant recipients has excellent clinical outcomes; however, little is known about the effects on allograft histology. The study aimed to assess the histology of the allograft liver. In this single-center, retrospective cohort study, patients with recurrent hepatitis C (HCV) in allograft liver who were cured with antiviral therapy between 2010 and 2016 were identified. Biopsies were reviewed by two liver pathologists blinded to the treatment and SVR status. Paired analysis was performed to compare pre- and post-treatment histological features. Of the 62 patients analyzed, 22 patients received PEGylated interferon/ribavirin (IFN) therapy, while 40 patients received direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA). The mean age was 57 years, 24% were female, and 79% were Caucasian. RNA in situ hybridization testing for HCV and HEV was negative in all the tested patients. Significant reduction in the inflammatory grade of post-treatment biopsy specimens was noted in all subjects (n = 57; p < 0.001) and in the IFN group (n = 21; p = 0.001) but not in the DAA group (p = 0.093). Of all subjects, 21% had worsening stage, 31% had improvement, and 48% had no change in stage. Of the treatment groups, 27% in the IFN and 17% in the DAA groups had worsening stage; however, the results were not statistically significant in all subjects or by treatment modality. Persistent inflammatory infiltrates and fibrosis was noted in allograft tissue of patients cured with DAA. Significant improvement in grade was noted in the IFN group, without a significant change in stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedha Sanghi
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Carlos Romero-Marrero
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL, USA
| | - Gianina Flocco
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rondell P Graham
- Department of Gastroenterology & Liver Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Baraa Abduljawad
- Department of Critical Care Medicine/Transplant Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fadi Niyazi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mohammad M Asfari
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Koji Hashimoto
- Department of Surgery - Liver Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bijan Eghtesad
- Department of Surgery - Liver Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - K V Narayanan Menon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Federico N Aucejo
- Department of Surgery - Liver Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rocio Lopez
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lisa M Yerian
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniela S Allende
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Jasim SA, Ahmed NS, Mousa AA, Hmed AA, Sofy AR. Correlation between both genetic polymorphism and serum level of toll-like receptor 4 with viral load and genotype of hepatitis C virus in Iraqi patients. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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Jeong S, Lee YS, Kim K, Yoon JS, Kim S, Ha J, Kang I, Choe W. 2-O-Methylhonokiol Suppresses HCV Replication via TRAF6-Mediated NF-kB Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126499. [PMID: 34204438 PMCID: PMC8234778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with various liver diseases. Chronic HCV infection is characterized by an abnormal host immune response. Therefore, it is speculated that to suppress HCV, a well-regulated host immune response is necessary. 2-O-methylhonokiol was identified by the screening of anti-HCV compounds using Renilla luciferase assay in Huh 7.5/Con 1 genotype 1b replicon cells. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which 2-O-methylhonokiol treatment inhibits HCV replication using real-time PCR. Our data shows that treatment with 2-O-methylhonokiol activated innate immune responses via nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) pathway. Additionally, the immunoprecipitation result shows that treatment with 2-O-methylhonokiol augmented tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) by preventing p62 from binding to TRAF6, resulting in reduced autophagy caused by HCV. Finally, we reproduced our data with the conditioned media from 2-O-methylhonokiol-treated cells. These findings strongly suggest that 2-O-methylhonokiol enhances the host immune response and suppresses HCV replication via TRAF6-mediated NF-kB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyun Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.J.); (Y.-s.L.); (J.-s.Y.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
| | - Young-seok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.J.); (Y.-s.L.); (J.-s.Y.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
| | - Kiyoon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Ji-su Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.J.); (Y.-s.L.); (J.-s.Y.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
| | - Sungsoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.J.); (Y.-s.L.); (J.-s.Y.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Joohun Ha
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.J.); (Y.-s.L.); (J.-s.Y.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.J.); (Y.-s.L.); (J.-s.Y.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Wonchae Choe
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.J.); (Y.-s.L.); (J.-s.Y.); (S.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-0940
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6
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Boldeanu MV, Siloşi I, Bărbulescu AL, Sandu RE, Geormăneanu C, Pădureanu V, Popescu-Drigă MV, Poenariu IS, Siloşi CA, Ungureanu AM, Dijmărescu AL, Boldeanu L. Host immune response in chronic hepatitis C infection: involvement of cytokines and inflammasomes. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 61:33-43. [PMID: 32747893 PMCID: PMC7728117 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.1.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic liver disease is a major health issue worldwide and chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There is evidence that the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is correlated with immune senescence by way of immune activation and chronic inflammation, which lead to increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk, as well as progressive liver damage. Both the innate and adaptive immunity are firmly tied to the prognosis of an infection with HCV and its response to antiviral therapy. HCV is therefore associated with increased pro-inflammatory status, heightened production of cytokines, prolonged systemic inflammation, as well as increased morbidity and mortality, mainly due to the progression of hepatic fibrosis and HCC, but also secondary to cardiovascular diseases. Viral hepatic pathology is increasingly considered a disease that is no longer merely limited to the liver, but one with multiple metabolic consequences. Numerous in vitro studies, using experimental models of acute or chronic inflammation of the liver, has brought new information on immunopathological mechanisms resulting from viral infections and have highlighted the importance of involving complex structures, inflammasomes complex, in these mechanisms, in addition to the involvement of numerous proinflammatory cytokines. Beyond obtaining a sustained viral response and halting the aforementioned hepatic fibrosis, the current therapeutic “treat-to-target” strategies are presently focused on immune-mediated and metabolic disorders, to improve the quality of life and long-term prognosis of CHC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihail Virgil Boldeanu
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania; ,
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7
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Zhou S, Liang X, Wang N, Shao L, Yu W, Ding N, Zhang K, Liu M. Association of human platelet antigens polymorphisms with the levels of serum fibrosis marks in chronic hepatitis C patients. Transfus Apher Sci 2020; 60:102967. [PMID: 33059995 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host genetic polymorphisms influence the fibrosis progression of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. Previous studies have shown the association of human platelet antigens (HPAs) polymorphisms with CHC. However, little is known regarding the association of HPAs polymorphisms with the fibrosis progression of CHC. The aim of this study was to determine the association of HPA -2, -3, -5 and -15 polymorphisms with the levels of serum fibrosis marks in CHC patients. METHODS The HPA -2, -3, -5 and -15 were genotyped by 5'-nuclease assay in 211 CHC patients, while the serum concentration of hyaluronic acid (HA), collagen IV (CIV), amino-terminal pro-peptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP), and laminin (LN) from the same samples were measured by time resolved fluorescence immunoassay. RESULTS The level of serum LN was significantly lower in CHC patients with HPA-15aa genotype compared to those with HPA-15ab/bb (P = 0.032) but did not differ among HPA-2, -3 and -5 genotypes. There were no difference in HA, CIV and PIIINP levels among HPA-2, -3,-5 and -15 genotypes. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that HPA-15 aa polymorphism is associated lower serum LN in CHC, which suggests that HPA -15 aa may be involved in the fibrosis progression of CHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihang Zhou
- Department of Blood Group, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Department of Blood Group, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China
| | - Ni Wang
- Department of Blood Group, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China
| | - Linnan Shao
- Department of Blood Group, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China
| | - Weijian Yu
- Department of Blood Group, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Dalian Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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8
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Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 3a Based on Complete Core Protein in Peshawar, Pakistan. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.98942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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9
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Interplay of Amino Acid Residues at Positions 28 and 31 in NS5A Defines Resistance Pathways in HCV GT2. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019:AAC.01269-19. [PMID: 31527040 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01269-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (GT) 2 represents approximately 9% of all viral infections globally. While treatment outcomes for GT2-infected patients have improved substantially with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) compared to interferon-α, the presence of polymorphisms in NS5A can impact efficacy of NS5A inhibitor-containing regimens. Thus, pathways of NS5A resistance were explored in GT2 subtypes using elbasvir, an NS5A inhibitor with broad genotype activity. Resistance selection studies, resistance analysis in NS5A-inhibitor treated virologic failures, antiviral activities in replicons bearing a panel of GT2 subtype sequences and amino acid substitutions introduced by site-directed mutagenesis were performed to define determinants of inhibitor susceptibility. Elbasvir showed differential antiviral activity in replicons bearing GT2 sequences. The EC50 values for replicons bearing reference NS5A sequences for GT2a and GT2b were 0.003 and 3.4 nanomolar (nM) respectively. Studies with recombinant replicons demonstrated crosstalk between amino acid positions 28 and 31. The combination of phenylalanine and methionine at positions 28 and 31 respectively, conferred the highest potency reduction for elbasvir in GT2a and GT2b. This combination was observed in failures from the C-SCAPE trial. Addition of grazoprevir, an NS3/4A protease inhibitor, to elbasvir more effectively suppressed the emergence of resistance in GT2 at modest inhibitor concentrations (3X EC90). Ruzasvir, a potent, pan-genotype NS5A inhibitor successfully inhibited replicons bearing GT2 resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) at positions 28 and 31. The studies demonstrate crosstalk between amino acids at positions 28 and 31 in NS5A modulate inhibitor potency and may impact treatment outcomes in some HCV GT2-infected patients.
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10
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Zhang C, Yang X, Qi Q, Gao Y, Wei Q, Han S. lncRNA-HEIH in serum and exosomes as a potential biomarker in the HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2018; 21:651-659. [PMID: 29286922 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a contagious liver disease that results from infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The most serious consequence of CHC is HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). OBJECTIVE To illustrate the clinical significance of lncRNA HEIH expression in serum and exosomes in the development of HCV-related HCC. METHODS Thirty-five CHC, twenty-two HCV-induced cirrhosis and ten HCV-related HCC patients in Huzhou Central Hospital from January 2016 to September 2016 were recruited in the present study. Basic patient information, clinical serological indicators, and clinical imaging data were investigated and analyzed. Serum samples were collected from patients after receiving informed consent. Exosomes were extracted from the serum, and electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of exosomes. Quantitative PCR was used to detect lncRNA HEIH gene expression in serum and exosomes. RESULTS The changes in the ALT, GGT, HDL, INR, Alb and AFP levels in the patients with HCV-induced cirrhosis and HCV-related HCC were statistically significant. In patients with HCV-related HCC, lncRNA-HEIH expression in serum and exosomes was increased, but the ratio of lncRNA-HEIH expression in serum versus exosomes was decreased compared to patients with CHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Intervention and Radiotherapy, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Quan Qi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Yuhai Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Shuwen Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
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Zia A, Abbasi SW, Ahmad S, Zia M, Raza A. Phylogenetic analysis, structure modeling and docking study of HCV NS3 protease for the identification of potent inhibitors. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 59:51-62. [PMID: 29391202 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) helicase of HCV is believed to be a plausible target for the identification and designing of potent antiviral drugs. NS3 protein is involved in a positive sense single-stranded viral replication as well as it also cleaves viral poly protein into diverse mature proteins at different time spans. Structural exploration of NS3 revealed that HCV helicase could also act as translocase. In order to identify potential inhibitors for HCV-3a, the current study has been designed. Serum samples from the Pakistani HCV positive patients were collected, sequenced and after purification included in the present study. Phylogenetic analysis on the samples clustered around it in the same group with those from India. Using homology modeling technique, we determined 3D structure of NS3 gene of HCV-3a and employed further in docking studies to discover potent inhibitor against it. As a result of docking Compound 1, with IC50 value of 0.015 and -14.4 kcal/mol energy, ranked as a most pungent inhibitor among all the studied inhibitors. Compound 1 also exhibited good hydrogen bond interactions with the modeled protein. The finding of present study could be used as a lead in future to design an effective dual inhibitor against HCV-3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Zia
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumra Wajid Abbasi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shabeer Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Abasyn University Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abida Raza
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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12
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The Roles of Matricellular Proteins in Oncogenic Virus-Induced Cancers and Their Potential Utilities as Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102198. [PMID: 29065446 PMCID: PMC5666879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins differ from other classical extracellular matrix proteins; for instance, they are transiently expressed as soluble proteins rather than being constitutively expressed in pathological conditions, such as acute viral infections. Accumulating studies have revealed that matricellular proteins, including osteopontin and tenascin-C, both of which interact with integrin heterodimers, are involved in inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancers. The concentrations of these matricellular proteins are elevated in the plasma of patients with certain types of cancers, indicating that they play important roles in oncogenesis. Chronic viral infections are associated with certain cancers, which are distinct from non-viral cancers. Viral oncogenes play critical roles in the development and progression of such cancers. It is vital to investigate the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and, particularly, the mechanism by which viral proteins induce tumor progression. Viral proteins have been shown to influence not only the viral-infected cancer cells, but also the stromal cells and matricellular proteins that constitute the extracellular matrix that surrounds tumor tissues. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the involvement of matricellular proteins in oncogenic virus-induced cancers to elucidate the mechanism of oncogenesis and consider the possible role of matricellular proteins as therapeutic targets in virus-induced cancers.
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13
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Taherkhani R, Farshadpour F. Lurking epidemic of hepatitis C virus infection in Iran: A call to action. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:1040-1042. [PMID: 28932350 PMCID: PMC5583536 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i24.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite having a relatively low prevalence in the Iranian general population, the burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is on the rise, and hepatitis C is predicted to be the most important leading cause of viral hepatitis-related mortality in the near future in Iran. The recent population-based epidemiological studies have revealed the predominant role of injecting drug use in increasing prevalence of HCV infection. Undoubtedly, new management paradigm is required to drive down the rising wave of hepatitis C in Iran. Priority should be given to young injecting drug users as the cornerstone of the lurking epidemic of HCV infection in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Taherkhani
- the Persian Gulf Biomedical Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farshadpour
- the Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran
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14
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Tsai J, Yakovchenko V, Jones N, Skolnik A, Noska A, Gifford AL, McInnes DK. "Where's My Choice?" An Examination of Veteran and Provider Experiences With Hepatitis C Treatment Through the Veteran Affairs Choice Program. Med Care 2017; 55 Suppl 7 Suppl 1:S13-S19. [PMID: 28263281 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000000706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is the country's largest provider for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The VA created the Choice Program, which allows eligible veterans to seek care from community providers, who are reimbursed by the VA. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine perspectives and experiences with the VA Choice Program among veteran patients and their HCV providers. RESEARCH DESIGN Qualitative study based on semistructured interviews with veteran patients and VA providers. Interview transcripts were analyzed using rapid assessment procedures based in grounded theory. SUBJECTS A total of 38 veterans and 10 VA providers involved in HCV treatment across 3 VA medical centers were interviewed. MEASURES Veterans and providers were asked open-ended questions about their experiences with HCV treatment in the VA and through the Choice Program, including barriers and facilitators to treatment access and completion. RESULTS Four themes were identified: (1) there were difficulties in enrollment, ongoing support, and billing with third-party administrators; (2) veterans experienced a lack of choice in location of treatment; (3) fragmented care led to coordination challenges between VA and community providers; and (4) VA providers expressed reservations about sending veterans to community providers. CONCLUSIONS The Choice Program has the potential to increase veteran access to HCV treatment, but veterans and VA providers have described substantial problems in the initial years of the program. Enhancing care coordination, incorporating shared decision-making, and establishing a wide network of community providers may be important areas for further development in designing community-based specialist services for needy veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Tsai
- *Veterans Affairs (VA) New England Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), West Haven †Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT ‡Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial VA, Bedford, MA §Division of Infectious Diseases, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI ∥Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Antiviral Activity and Resistance Analysis of NS3/4A Protease Inhibitor Grazoprevir and NS5A Inhibitor Elbasvir in Hepatitis C Virus GT4 Replicons. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00363-17. [PMID: 28416549 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00363-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although genotype 4 (GT4)-infected patients represent a minor overall percentage of the global hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected population, the high prevalence of the genotype in specific geographic regions coupled with substantial sequence diversity makes it an important genotype to study for antiviral drug discovery and development. We evaluated two direct-acting antiviral agents-grazoprevir, an HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor, and elbasvir, an HCV NS5A inhibitor-in GT4 replicons prior to clinical studies in this genotype. Following a bioinformatics analysis of available GT4 sequences, a set of replicons bearing representative GT4 clinical isolates was generated. For grazoprevir, the 50% effective concentration (EC50) against the replicon bearing the reference GT4a (ED43) NS3 protease and NS4A was 0.7 nM. The median EC50 for grazoprevir against chimeric replicons encoding NS3/4A sequences from GT4 clinical isolates was 0.2 nM (range, 0.11 to 0.33 nM; n = 5). The difficulty in establishing replicons bearing NS3/4A resistance-associated substitutions was substantially overcome with the identification of a G162R adaptive substitution in NS3. Single NS3 substitutions D168A/V identified from de novo resistance selection studies reduced grazoprevir antiviral activity by 137- and 47-fold, respectively, in the background of the G162R replicon. For elbasvir, the EC50 against the replicon bearing the reference full-length GT4a (ED43) NS5A gene was 0.0002 nM. The median EC50 for elbasvir against chimeric replicons bearing clinical isolates from GT4 was 0.0007 nM (range, 0.0002 to 34 nM; n = 14). De novo resistance selection studies in GT4 demonstrated a high propensity to suppress the emergence of amino acid substitutions that confer high-potency reductions to elbasvir. Phenotypic characterization of the NS5A amino acid substitutions identified (L30F, L30S, M31V, and Y93H) indicated that they conferred 15-, 4-, 2.5-, and 7.5-fold potency losses, respectively, to elbasvir. The activity profiles of grazoprevir and elbasvir supported the testing of the direct-acting antivirals in clinical studies.
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Hepatitis C virus infection in maintenance hemodialysis patients: recommendations for diagnostics and treatment. Int J Artif Organs 2017; 39:590-595. [PMID: 28165585 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is highly prevalent among patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. It is necessary to determine the HCV genotype and the viral load to monitor the clinical and laboratory features and to establish an optimal antiviral treatment strategy. Antiviral treatments are presented with a standard interferon-based regimen and new direct-acting antiviral agents. The advent of direct-acting antivirals has improved the efficacy and safety of HCV treatment for most patients, even in difficult-to-treat populations such as patients on hemodialysis. HCV treatment with direct-acting antivirals in hemodialysis patients is highly effective, with viral eradication rates similar to those seen in patients without chronic kidney disease and with acceptable adverse event profiles.
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