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Chen Y, Wei Y, Tang W. The role of hydrogen in the prevention and treatment of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 972:176586. [PMID: 38615891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) is a primary cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis (AS), which is characterized by chronic inflammation and lipid oxidative deposition. Molecular hydrogen (H2) is an effective anti-inflammatory agent and has potential to ameliorate glycolipid metabolism disorders, which is believed to exert beneficial effects on the prevention and treatment of CHD. It is suggested that H2 reduces inflammation in CHD by regulating multiple pathways, including NF-κB inflammatory pathway, pyroptosis, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. Additionally, H2 may improve glycolipid metabolism by mediation of PI3K and AMPK signalling pathways, contributing to inhibition of the occurrence and development of CHD. This review elaborates pathogenesis of CHD and evaluates the role of H2 in CHD. Moreover, possible molecular mechanisms have been discussed and speculated, aiming to provide more strategies and directions for subsequent studies of H2 in CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxi Chen
- Research Institute of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, PR China
| | - Youzhen Wei
- Hydrogen Medicine Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, PR China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 271100, PR China.
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Research Institute of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, PR China; Research Institute of Regenerative Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University, 1800 Yuntai Road, Shanghai, 200123, PR China.
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2
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Zuo Q, Park NH, Lee JK, Santaliz-Casiano A, Madak-Erdogan Z. Navigating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): Exploring the roles of estrogens, pharmacological and medical interventions, and life style. Steroids 2024; 203:109330. [PMID: 37923152 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of studying this subject is driven by the urgency to address the increasing global prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and its profound health implications. NAFLD represents a significant public health concern due to its association with metabolic disorders, cardiovascular complications, and the potential progression to more severe conditions like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Liver estrogen signaling is important for maintaining liver function, and loss of estrogens increases the likelihood of NAFLD in postmenopausal women. Understanding the multifaceted mechanisms underlying NAFLD pathogenesis, its varied treatment strategies, and their effectiveness is crucial for devising comprehensive and targeted interventions. By unraveling the intricate interplay between genetics, lifestyle, hormonal regulation, and gut microbiota, we can unlock insights into risk stratification, early detection, and personalized therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, investigating the emerging pharmaceutical interventions and dietary modifications offers the potential to revolutionize disease management. This review reinforces the role of collaboration in refining NAFLD comprehension, unveiling novel therapeutic pathways, and ultimately improving patient outcomes for this intricate hepatic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Zuo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Nicole Hwajin Park
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Jenna Kathryn Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ashlie Santaliz-Casiano
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Zeynep Madak-Erdogan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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3
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Vincent SM, Madani M, Dikeman D, Golden K, Crocker N, Jackson C, Wimmer SP, Dover M, Tucker A, Ghiani CA, Colwell CS, LeBaron TW, Tarnava A, Paul KN. Hydrogen-rich water improves sleep consolidation and enhances forebrain neuronal activation in mice. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2023; 5:zpad057. [PMID: 38264142 PMCID: PMC10803172 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Study Objectives Sleep loss contributes to various health issues and impairs neurological function. Molecular hydrogen has recently gained popularity as a nontoxic ergogenic and health promoter. The effect of molecular hydrogen on sleep and sleep-related neural systems remains unexplored. This study investigates the impact of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) on sleep behavior and neuronal activation in sleep-deprived mice. Methods Adult C57BL/6J mice were implanted with electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) recording electrodes and given HRW (0.7-1.4 mM) or regular water for 7 days ad libitum. Sleep-wake cycles were recorded under baseline conditions and after acute sleep loss. Neuronal activation in sleep- and wake-related regions was assessed using cFos immunostaining. Results HRW increased sleep consolidation in undisturbed mice and increased non-rapid-eye movement and rapid-eye-movement sleep amount in sleep-deprived mice. HRW also decreased the average amount of time for mice to fall asleep after light onset. Neuronal activation in the lateral septum, medial septum, ventrolateral preoptic area, and median preoptic area was significantly altered in all mice treated with HRW. Conclusions HRW improves sleep consolidation and increases neuronal activation in sleep-related brain regions. It may serve as a simple, effective treatment to improve recovery after sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Vincent
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melika Madani
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dante Dikeman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kyle Golden
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Naomi Crocker
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cameron Jackson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sam P Wimmer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary Dover
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexis Tucker
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cristina A Ghiani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyler W LeBaron
- Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT, USA
- Molecular Hydrogen Institute, Enoch, UT, USA
| | - Alex Tarnava
- Natural Wellness Now Health Products Inc, Maple ridge, BC, Canada
| | - Ketema N Paul
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Li SY, Xue RY, Wu H, Pu N, Wei D, Zhao N, Song ZM, Tao Y. Novel Role of Molecular Hydrogen: The End of Ophthalmic Diseases? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1567. [PMID: 38004433 PMCID: PMC10674431 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas which displays non-toxic features at high concentrations. H2 can alleviate oxidative damage, reduce inflammatory reactions and inhibit apoptosis cascades, thereby inducing protective and repairing effects on cells. H2 can be transported into the body in the form of H2 gas, hydrogen-rich water (HRW), hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) or H2 produced by intestinal bacteria. Accumulating evidence suggest that H2 is protective against multiple ophthalmic diseases, including cataracts, dry eye disease, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and other fields. In particular, H2 has been tested in the treatment of dry eye disease and corneal endothelial injury in clinical practice. This medical gas has brought hope to patients suffering from blindness. Although H2 has demonstrated promising therapeutic potentials and broad application prospects, further large-scale studies involving more patients are still needed to determine its optimal application mode and dosage. In this paper, we have reviewed the basic characteristics of H2, and its therapeutic effects in ophthalmic diseases. We also focus on the latest progress in the administration approaches and mechanisms underlying these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zong-Ming Song
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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Gravina AG, Pellegrino R, Romeo M, Ventriglia L, Scognamiglio F, Tuccillo C, Loguercio C, Federico A. The use of bicarbonate-sulphate-calcium-magnesium and sodium-low drinkable water improves functional gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A prospective study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:281-287. [PMID: 37739669 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasingly gaining epidemiological ground in liver diseases. Among the proposed non-pharmacologic interventions, dietary interventions have been widely used. Several patients suffering from it complain of gastrointestinal symptoms unrelated to organic gastrointestinal tract disease. However, the role of drinking water quality modifications in this regard has not been investigated in depth. METHODS Patients with upper or lower functional gastrointestinal symptoms were enrolled and divided into groups based on bright liver ultrasound relief's presence (SP) or absence (NSP). These patients were asked to drink bicarbonate-sulphate-calcium-magnesium and sodium-low drinkable water (Fonte Essenziale ®) for six months. Participants were assessed at baseline (T0), at the end of six months of drinking water intake (T6), and after an additional six months of washout (T12) by questionnaires designed to evaluate lower and upper gastrointestinal symptoms (Leeds dyspepsia score, short form) severity and frequency. RESULTS A total of 61 patients were enrolled. In the SP population, the severity of lower gastrointestinal symptoms improved between T0-T6 (Z: -2.437; ES: 0.312) and worsened after the water washout (Z: -2.492; ES: 0.319). The same was for the Leeds score severity sub score in T0-T6 (Z: -2.850; ES: 0.364) and T6-T12 (Z: -2.921; ES: 0.374). These improvements seem unrelated to the severity of liver steatosis at baseline. Furthermore, no safety issues were recorded while taking the water nor during the six-month follow-up afterwards. CONCLUSION Regular six-month intake of 400 mL of Fonte Essenziale® water was associated, in the absence of dietary regimen modifications, with an improvement in some qualitative and quantitative features of upper and lower functional gastrointestinal symptoms in both an SP and NSP sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Gerarda Gravina
- Department of Precision Medicine, Hepatogastroenterology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Pellegrino
- Department of Precision Medicine, Hepatogastroenterology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mario Romeo
- Department of Precision Medicine, Hepatogastroenterology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ventriglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, Hepatogastroenterology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Flavia Scognamiglio
- Department of Precision Medicine, Hepatogastroenterology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Concetta Tuccillo
- Department of Precision Medicine, Hepatogastroenterology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmelina Loguercio
- Department of Precision Medicine, Hepatogastroenterology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Federico
- Department of Precision Medicine, Hepatogastroenterology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy
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Zhao M, Jin Z, Xia C, Chen S, Zeng L, Qin S, He Q. Inhibition of free heme-catalyzed Fenton-like reaction prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by hepatocyte-targeted hydrogen delivery. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122230. [PMID: 37418855 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic disorder of hepatocytes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) leads to the formation of an iron pool which induces the Fenton reaction-derived ferroptosis and the deterioration of liver disease. The elimination of the iron pool for the removal of Fenton reactions is vitally important to prevent the evolution of NAFLD, but quite challenging. In this work, we discover that free heme in the iron pool of NAFLD can catalyze the hydrogenation of H2O2/‧OH to block the heme-based Fenton reaction for the first time, and therefore develop a novel hepatocyte-targeted hydrogen delivery system (MSN-Glu) by modifying magnesium silicide nanosheets (MSN) with N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) gluconamide to block the heme-catalyzed vicious circle of liver disease. The developed MSN-Glu nanomedicine exhibits a high hydrogen delivery capacity as well as sustained hydrogen release and hepatocyte-targeting behaviors, and remarkably improves the metabolic function of the liver in a NAFLD mouse model by the relief of oxidative stress and the prevention of ferroptosis in hepatocytes, accelerating the removal of the iron pool in fundamental support of NAFLD prevention. The proposed prevention strategy based on the mechanisms of NAFLD disease and hydrogen medicine will provide an inspiration for inflammation-related disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Zhaokui Jin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Chao Xia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Shengqiang Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science & Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lingting Zeng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science & Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shucun Qin
- Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, 271000, China.
| | - Qianjun He
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science & Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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7
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Xue J, Zhao M, Liu Y, Jia X, Zhang X, Gu Q, Xie Y, Qin S, Liu B. Hydrogen inhalation ameliorates hepatic inflammation and modulates gut microbiota in rats with high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 947:175698. [PMID: 36997047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multisystem metabolic disease associated with gut microflora dysbiosis and inflammation. Hydrogen (H2) is a novel and effective antiinflammatory agent. The present study was aimed to clarify the effects of 4% hydrogen (H2) inhalation on NAFLD and its mechanism of action. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet for 10 weeks to induce NAFLD. Rats in treatment group inhaled 4% H2 each day for 2 h. The protective effects on hepatic histopathology, glucose tolerance, inflammatory markers, and intestinal epithelial tight junctions were assessed. Transcriptome sequencing of liver and 16 S-seq of cecal contents were also performed to explore the related mechanisms of H2 inhalation. H2 improved the hepatic histological changes and glucose tolerance, decreased the liver function parameters of plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and relieved liver inflammation. Liver transcriptomic data suggested that H2 treatment significantly downregulated inflammatory response genes, and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4/nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway might be involved, and the expressions of critical proteins were further validated. Meanwhile, the plasma LPS level was significantly decreased by the H2 intervention. H2 also improved the intestinal tight junction barrier by enhancing the expressions of zonula occludens-1 and occluding. Based on 16 S rRNA sequencing, H2 altered the composition of gut microbiota, improving the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes. Collectively, our data show that H2 could prevent NAFLD induced by high-fat diet, and the anti-NAFLD effect is associated with the modulation of gut microbiota and inhibition of LPS/TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Xue
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases and Hydrogen Medical Translational Applications in Universities of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Biomedical Research of Health Commission of Shandong Province, Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases and Hydrogen Medical Translational Applications in Universities of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Biomedical Research of Health Commission of Shandong Province, Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yunchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases and Hydrogen Medical Translational Applications in Universities of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Biomedical Research of Health Commission of Shandong Province, Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiubin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases and Hydrogen Medical Translational Applications in Universities of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Biomedical Research of Health Commission of Shandong Province, Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases and Hydrogen Medical Translational Applications in Universities of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Biomedical Research of Health Commission of Shandong Province, Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qianqian Gu
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases and Hydrogen Medical Translational Applications in Universities of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Biomedical Research of Health Commission of Shandong Province, Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yunbo Xie
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases and Hydrogen Medical Translational Applications in Universities of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Biomedical Research of Health Commission of Shandong Province, Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shucun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases and Hydrogen Medical Translational Applications in Universities of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Biomedical Research of Health Commission of Shandong Province, Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China.
| | - Boyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases and Hydrogen Medical Translational Applications in Universities of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Biomedical Research of Health Commission of Shandong Province, Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China.
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Electrolyzed-Reduced Water: Review I. Molecular Hydrogen Is the Exclusive Agent Responsible for the Therapeutic Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314750. [PMID: 36499079 PMCID: PMC9738607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous benefits have been attributed to alkaline-electrolyzed-reduced water (ERW). Sometimes these claims are associated with easily debunked concepts. The observed benefits have been conjectured to be due to the intrinsic properties of ERW (e.g., negative oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), alkaline pH, H2 gas), as well enigmatic characteristics (e.g., altered water structure, microclusters, free electrons, active hydrogen, mineral hydrides). The associated pseudoscientific marketing has contributed to the reluctance of mainstream science to accept ERW as having biological effects. Finally, through many in vitro and in vivo studies, each one of these propositions was examined and refuted one-by-one until it was conclusively demonstrated that H2 was the exclusive agent responsible for both the negative ORP and the observed therapeutic effects of ERW. This article briefly apprised the history of ERW and comprehensively reviewed the sequential research demonstrating the importance of H2. We illustrated that the effects of ERW could be readily explained by the known biological effects of H2 and by utilizing conventional chemistry without requiring any metaphysical conjecture (e.g., microclustering, free electrons, etc.) or reliance on implausible notions (e.g., alkaline water neutralizes acidic waste). The H2 concentration of ERW should be measured to ensure it is comparable to those used in clinical studies.
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9
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LeBaron TW, Sharpe R, Ohno K. Electrolyzed-Reduced Water: Review II: Safety Concerns and Effectiveness as a Source of Hydrogen Water. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314508. [PMID: 36498838 PMCID: PMC9736533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies demonstrate the safety of alkaline-electrolyzed-reduced water (ERW); however, several animal studies have reported significant tissue damage and hyperkalemia after drinking ERW. The mechanism responsible for these results remains unknown but may be due to electrode degradation associated with the production of higher pH, in which platinum nanoparticles and other metals that have harmful effects may leach into the water. Clinical studies have reported that, when ERW exceeds pH 9.8, some people develop dangerous hyperkalemia. Accordingly, regulations on ERW mandate that the pH of ERW should not exceed 9.8. It is recommended that those with impaired kidney function refrain from using ERW without medical supervision. Other potential safety concerns include impaired growth, reduced mineral, vitamin, and nutrient absorption, harmful bacterial overgrowth, and damage to the mucosal lining causing excessive thirst. Since the concentration of H2 in ERW may be well below therapeutic levels, users are encouraged to frequently measure the H2 concentration with accurate methods, avoiding ORP or ORP-based H2 meters. Importantly, although, there have been many people that have used high-pH ERW without any issues, additional safety research on ERW is warranted, and ERW users should follow recommendations to not ingest ERW above 9.8 pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W. LeBaron
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Molecular Hydrogen Institute, Enoch, UT 84721, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT 84720, USA
- Correspondence: (T.W.L.); (K.O.); Tel.: +1-435-586-7818 (T.W.L.); +81-52-744-2447 (K.O.); Fax: +1-435-865-8057 (T.W.L.); +81-52-744-2449 (K.O.)
| | | | - Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.W.L.); (K.O.); Tel.: +1-435-586-7818 (T.W.L.); +81-52-744-2447 (K.O.); Fax: +1-435-865-8057 (T.W.L.); +81-52-744-2449 (K.O.)
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10
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Rohovyi YY, Tsitrin VY, Bilookiy VV, Sheremet MI, Kolesnik OV. Effect of water diuresis with hydrogen saturation on the course of acute kidney damage during the separation of oxidation and phosphorylation. J Med Life 2022; 15:1397-1402. [PMID: 36567846 PMCID: PMC9762360 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2022-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen has the ability to penetrate cells, easily reach mitochondria, overcome body barriers, penetrate areas of ischemia, edema and inflammation, improve energy supply by supplying additional electrons and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by neutralizing highly reactive hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite. In this experiment, we included 60 nonlinear male rats weighing 0.16-0.18 kg and investigated the effect of a negative redox potential solution -297.3±5.27 mV with a molecular hydrogen saturation of 1.2 ppm on the functional-biochemical processes of the kidneys in tissue hypoxia in moderately resistant rats during the separation of oxidation and phosphorylation with the introduction of 2,4-dinitrophenol at a dose of 3 mg/kg. All studies were performed on moderately stable rats. Experimental, functional, biochemical, enzyme-linked immunosorbent, physicochemical, histoenzymochemical, and statistical research methods were used. Under conditions of renal hypoxia in the separation of oxidation and phosphorylation, the use of a solution of negative redox reabsorption of sodium ions in the distal nephron reduces the manifestations of tubular proteinuria, increases the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in the proximal nephron and reduces the redox potential of urine to negative values. Negative redox potential solution with molecular hydrogen saturation has a protective effect on the kidneys and reduces elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1-β, and interleukin-6 in blood plasma, and causes oxidative modification of proteins in the renal cortex for their hypoxia in the separation of oxidation and phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurii Yevgenivich Rohovyi
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine,Corresponding Author: Yurii Yevgenivich Rohovyi, Department of Pathological Physiology, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine. E-mail:
| | - Volf Yakovich Tsitrin
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
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11
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Chan YM, Shariff ZM, Chin YS, Ghazali SS, Lee PY, Chan KS. Associations of alkaline water with metabolic risks, sleep quality, muscle strength: A cross-sectional study among postmenopausal women. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275640. [PMID: 36315555 PMCID: PMC9621423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Much has been claimed on the health benefits of alkaline water including metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its features with scarcity of scientific evidence. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted to determine whether regular consumption of alkaline water confers health advantage on blood metabolites, anthropometric measures, sleep quality and muscle strength among postmenopausal women. A total of 304 community-dwelling postmenopausal women were recruited with comparable proportion of regular drinkers of alkaline water and non-drinkers. Participants were ascertained on dietary intake, lifestyle factors, anthropometric and biochemical measurements. Diagnosis of MetS was made according to Joint Interim Statement definition. A total of 47.7% of the participants met MS criteria, with a significant lower proportion of MetS among the alkaline water drinkers. The observed lower fasting plasma glucose (F(1,294) = 24.20, p = 0.025, partial η2 = 0.435), triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein concentration ratio (F(1,294) = 21.06, p = 0.023, partial η2 = 0.360), diastolic blood pressure (F(1,294) = 7.85, p = 0.046, partial η2 = 0.258) and waist circumference (F(1,294) = 9.261, p = 0.038, partial η2 = 0.263) in the alkaline water drinkers could be considered as favourable outcomes of regular consumption of alkaline water. In addition, water alkalization improved duration of sleep (F(1,294) = 32.05, p = 0.007, partial η2 = 0.451) and handgrip strength F(1,294) = 27.51, p = 0.011, partial η2 = 0.448). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (F(1,294) = 1.772, p = 0.287, partial η2 = 0.014), body weight (F(1,294) = 1.985, p = 0.145, partial η2 = 0.013) and systolic blood pressure (F(1,294) = 1.656, p = 0.301, partial η2 = 0.010) were comparable between the two different water drinking behaviours. In conclusion, drinking adequate of water is paramount for public health with access to good quality drinking water remains a critical issue. While consumption of alkaline water may be considered as a source of easy-to implement lifestyle to modulate metabolic features, sleep duration and muscle strength, further studies are warranted for unravelling the precise mechanism of alkaline water consumption on the improvement and prevention of MetS and its individual features, muscle strength and sleep duration as well as identification of full spectrum of individuals that could benefit from its consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoke Mun Chan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Dietetics, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center of Excellence Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Zalilah Mohd Shariff
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Yit Siew Chin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center of Excellence Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Sazlina Shariff Ghazali
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Family Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Ping Yein Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, UMeHealth Unit, Universiti Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kai Sze Chan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Dietetics, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
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12
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Kura B, Szantova M, LeBaron TW, Mojto V, Barancik M, Szeiffova Bacova B, Kalocayova B, Sykora M, Okruhlicova L, Tribulova N, Gvozdjakova A, Sumbalova Z, Kucharska J, Faktorova X, Jakabovicova M, Durkovicová Z, Macutek J, Koscová M, Slezak J. Biological Effects of Hydrogen Water on Subjects with NAFLD: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101935. [PMID: 36290657 PMCID: PMC9598482 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver pathology affecting around 25% of the population worldwide. Excess oxidative stress, inflammation and aberrant cellular signaling can lead to this hepatic dysfunction and eventual carcinoma. Molecular hydrogen has been recognized for its selective antioxidant properties and ability to attenuate inflammation and regulate cellular function. We administered hydrogen-rich water (HRW) to 30 subjects with NAFLD in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled manner for eight weeks. Phenotypically, we observed beneficial trends (p > 0.05) in decreased weight (≈1 kg) and body mass index in the HRW group. HRW was well-tolerated, with no significant changes in liver enzymes and a trend of improved lipid profile and reduced lactate dehydrogenase levels. HRW tended to non-significantly decrease levels of nuclear factor kappa B, heat shock protein 70 and matrix metalloproteinase-9. Interestingly, there was a mild, albeit non-significant, tendency of increased levels of 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde in the HRW group. This mild increase may be indicative of the hormetic effects of molecular hydrogen that occurred prior to the significant clinical improvements reported in previous longer-term studies. The favorable trends in this study in conjunction with previous animal and clinical findings suggest that HRW may serve as an important adjuvant therapy for promoting and maintaining optimal health and wellness. Longer term studies focused on prevention, maintenance, or treatment of NAFLD and early stages of NASH are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Kura
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maria Szantova
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tyler W. LeBaron
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Molecular Hydrogen Institute, Enoch, UT 84721, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT 84721, USA
| | - Viliam Mojto
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Barancik
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Szeiffova Bacova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Kalocayova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matus Sykora
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ludmila Okruhlicova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Narcisa Tribulova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Gvozdjakova
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Medical Department, Medical Faculty, Comenius University Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Sumbalova
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Medical Department, Medical Faculty, Comenius University Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jarmila Kucharska
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Medical Department, Medical Faculty, Comenius University Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Xenia Faktorova
- Internal Clinic of Slovak Medical University, Hospital of St. Michael, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Jakabovicova
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Durkovicová
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Macutek
- Mathematical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 814 73 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Koscová
- Mathematical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 814 73 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Slezak
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-903620181
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Wu HT, Chao TH, Ou HY, Tsai LM. Coral Hydrate, a Novel Antioxidant, Improves Alcohol Intoxication in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071290. [PMID: 35883781 PMCID: PMC9311879 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-drinking culture may cause individuals to periodically experience unpleasant hangovers. In addition, ethanol catabolism stimulates the production of free radicals that may cause liver injury and further lead to the development of chronic alcoholic fatty liver disease. Although a number of studies have suggested that hydrogenated water may be consumed to act as free radical scavenger, its instability limits its application. In this study, we used coral hydrate (i.e., hydrogenated coral materials) as a more stable hydrogen source and evaluated its effects in a murine model of alcohol intoxication. In solution, coral hydrate exhibited much more stable redox potential than did hydrogenated water. Furthermore, administration of coral hydrate by oral gavage significantly prolonged the time to fall asleep and decreased the total sleep time in mice that received intraperitoneal injection of ethanol. The mice receiving coral hydrate also had lower plasma ethanol and acetaldehyde levels than controls. In line with this observation, hepatic expression of alcohol dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were all significantly increased by the treatment. Meanwhile, alcohol-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors was attenuated by the administration of coral hydrate. Taken together, our data suggest that coral hydrate might be an effective novel treatment for alcohol intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Tsung Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (H.-T.W.); (T.-H.C.); (H.-Y.O.)
| | - Ting-Hsing Chao
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (H.-T.W.); (T.-H.C.); (H.-Y.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Yih Ou
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (H.-T.W.); (T.-H.C.); (H.-Y.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Miin Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show-Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-2609926; Fax: +886-6-2606351
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14
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Tao G, Zhang G, Chen W, Yang C, Xue Y, Song G, Qin S. A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of hydrogen/oxygen inhalation for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4113-4123. [PMID: 35734974 PMCID: PMC9279585 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide with increasing incidence consistent with obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. No approved medication was currently available for NAFLD treatment. Molecular hydrogen (H2), an anti‐oxidative, anti‐inflammatory biomedical agent is proved to exhibit therapeutic and preventive effect in various diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrogen/oxygen inhalation on NAFLD subjects and explore the mechanism from the perspective of hepatocyte autophagy. We conducted a randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial of 13‐week hydrogen/oxygen inhalation (China Clinical Trial Registry [#ChiCTR‐IIR‐16009114]) including 43 subjects. We found that inhalation of hydrogen/oxygen improved serum lipid and liver enzymes. Significantly improved liver fat content detected by ultrasound and CT scans after hydrogen/oxygen inhalation was observed in moderate–severe cases. We also performed an animal experiment based on methionine and choline‐deficient (MCD) diet‐induced mice model to investigate effect of hydrogen on mouse NASH. Hydrogen/oxygen inhalation improved systemic inflammation and liver histology. Promoted autophagy was observed in mice inhaled hydrogen/oxygen and treatment with chloroquine blocked the beneficial effect of hydrogen. Moreover, molecular hydrogen inhibited lipid accumulation in AML‐12 cells. Autophagy induced by palmitic acid (PA) incubation was further promoted by 20% hydrogen incubation. Addition of 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) partially blocked the inhibitory effect of hydrogen on intracellular lipid accumulation. Collectively, hydrogen/oxygen inhalation alleviated NAFLD in moderate–severe patients. This protective effect of hydrogen was possibly by activating hepatic autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geru Tao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China.,Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Guangjie Zhang
- Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.,Department of Medical Technology and Nursing, Laiwu Vocational and Technical College, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China.,Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yazhuo Xue
- Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.,College of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Guohua Song
- Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shucun Qin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China.,Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedical Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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15
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Köktürk M, Atalar MN, Odunkıran A, Bulut M, Alwazeer D. Evaluation of the hydrogen-rich water alleviation potential on mercury toxicity in earthworms using ATR-FTIR and LC-ESI-MS/MS spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:19642-19656. [PMID: 34718956 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of mercury in earthworms and the potential alleviation effect of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) using ATR-FTIR and LC-MS analysis methods were investigated. Different concentrations of mercury chloride (H1: 5 µg/mL, H2: 10 µg/mL, H3: 20 µg/mL, H4: 40 µg/mL, and C1: control) and mercury chloride prepared in hydrogen-rich water (H5: 5 µg/mL, H6: 10 µg/mL, H7: 20 µg/mL, H8: 40 µg/mL, and C2: control) were injected into earthworms. The changes and reductions in some bands representing proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides (3280 cm-1, 2922 cm-1, 2855 cm-1, 1170 cm-1, and 1047 cm-1) showed that protective effects could occur in groups prepared with hydrogen-rich water. In the FTIR results, it was found that these bands in the H3 group were more affected and decreased by the influence of mercury on earthworms than the H7 group prepared with hydrogen. LC-MS analysis showed that the changes in some ions of the highest dose groups (H4 and H8) were different, and mercury caused oxidative DNA damage in earthworms. When the high-level application groups of mercury, i.e., H4 and H8 were compared with the controls, the ion exchange ([M + H] + ; m/z 283.1) representing the 8-Oxo-dG level in earthworms was higher in the H4 group than the H8 group. This reveals that HRW exhibited the potential ability to alleviate the toxic effects of mercury; however, a longer period of HRW treatment may be necessary to distinguish an obvious effect. The ATR-FTIR spectroscopy provided a rapid and precise method for monitoring the changes in biological tissues caused by a toxic compound at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Köktürk
- Department of Organic Agriculture Management, College of Applied Sciences, Igdir University, 76000, Igdir, Turkey
- Research Laboratory Application and Research Center (ALUM), Iğdır University, 76000, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Nuri Atalar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Faculty of Health Sciences, Iğdır University, 76000, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Arzu Odunkıran
- Department of Hotel, Restaurant and Catering Services, Igdir University, 76000, Igdir, Turkey
| | - Menekşe Bulut
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Iğdır University, 76000, Iğdır, Turkey
- Research Center for Redox Applications in Foods (RCRAF), Iğdır University, 76000, Iğdır, Turkey
- Innovative Food Technologies Development, Application and Research Center, Igdir University, 76000, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Duried Alwazeer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Faculty of Health Sciences, Iğdır University, 76000, Iğdır, Turkey.
- Research Center for Redox Applications in Foods (RCRAF), Iğdır University, 76000, Iğdır, Turkey.
- Innovative Food Technologies Development, Application and Research Center, Igdir University, 76000, Iğdır, Turkey.
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16
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Li C, Cao Y, Kohei F, Hao H, Peng G, Cheng C, Ye J. Nano-bubble hydrogen water: an effective therapeutic agent against inflammation related disease caused by viral infection in zebrafish model. Virol Sin 2022; 37:277-283. [PMID: 35249853 PMCID: PMC9170933 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the anti-inflammatory effect of hydrogen has been widely known, it was supposed that hydrogen could suppress tissue damage by inhibiting virus-related inflammatory reactions. However, hydrogen is slightly soluble in water, which leads to poor effect of oral hydrogen-rich water therapy. In this study, the nano-bubble hydrogen water (nano-HW) (about 0.7 ppm) was prepared and its therapeutic effect against viral infection was investigated by utilizing spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV)-infected zebrafish as model. Three-month-old zebrafish were divided into nano-HW treatment–treated group and aquaculture water treated group (control group). The results revealed that the cumulative mortality rate of SVCV-infected zebrafish was reduced by 40% after treatment with nano-bubble hydrogen water, and qRT-PCR results showed that SVCV replication was significantly inhibited. Histopathological examination staining showed that SVCV infection caused tissue damage was greatly alleviated after treatment with nano-bubble hydrogen water. Futhermore, SVCV infection caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was significantly reduced upon nano-HW treatment. The level of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α was remarkably reduced in the nano-HW-treated group in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, our data demonstrated for the first time that nano-HW could inhibit the inflammatory response caused by viral infection in zebrafish, which suggests that nano-HW can be applied to antiviral research,and provides a novel therapeutic strategy for virus-caused inflammation related disease. Nano-HW treatment reduces the mortality of SVCV-infected zebrafish. Nano-HW alleviates the inflammatory response caused by SVCV infection. Nano-HW inhibits SVCV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yiran Cao
- Wuhan Britain-China School, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fukuda Kohei
- Shenzhen Nano Buddy Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Haihong Hao
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guiqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Can Cheng
- Wuhan Britain-China School, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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17
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Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of the Gexia Zhuyu Decoction in the Treatment of NAFLD and the Molecular Mechanism Underlying the TRPM4 Pathway Regulation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3364579. [PMID: 34887931 PMCID: PMC8651363 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3364579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinicopathological syndrome of abnormal lipid deposition in the liver mediated by nonalcohol intake. The Gexia Zhuyu decoction, a classic traditional Chinese medicine compound, is widely used in the clinical treatment of NAFLD. However, its specific efficacy and underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated yet. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the efficacy of the Gexia Zhuyu decoction using pharmacodynamics and to explore its molecular mechanisms in conjunction with proteomics. High-fat diets and methionine choline-deficient diets were used to induce various NAFLD progression stages in mouse models. The effects of oral Gexia Zhuyu decoction administration on NAFLD were evaluated by measuring the serum and liver indicators of the treated mice before and after drug intervention and by comparing the changes in liver tissue. Liver TRPM4 mRNA and protein levels were measured using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. Experimental data showed that serum ALT, AST, and liver triglyceride (TG) levels in each disease stage group of drug intervention mice decreased, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels increased. Liver TG levels decreased after drug intervention in the liver fibrosis mice, but serum TG levels increased. Furthermore, cellular fatty changes, inflammatory changes, and fibrous tissue proliferation were all relieved. The TRPM4 protein and mRNA levels in the liver tissue were decreased, and the microRNA (miRNA)-24 expression was increased. The Gexia Zhuyu decoction has a clear therapeutic effect at each stage of NAFLD. It likely acts by altering miRNA-24 expression and regulating the target TRPM4 protein pathway to achieve NAFLD treatment.
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18
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The Search for the Elixir of Life: On the Therapeutic Potential of Alkaline Reduced Water in Metabolic Syndromes. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9111876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our body composition is enormously influenced by our lifestyle choices, which affect our health and longevity. Nutrition and physical activities both impact overall metabolic condition, thus, a positive energy balance causes oxidative stress and inflammation, hastening the development of metabolic syndrome. With this knowledge, boosting endogenous and exogenous antioxidants has emerged as a therapeutic strategy for combating metabolic disorders. One of the promising therapeutic inventions is the use of alkaline reduced water (ARW). Aside from its hydrating and non-caloric properties, ARW has demonstrated strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can help stabilize physiologic turmoil caused by oxidative stress and inflammation. This review article is a synthesis of studies where we elaborate on the intra- and extracellular effects of drinking ARW, and relate these to the pathophysiology of common metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and some cancers. Highlighting the health-promoting benefits of ARW, we also emphasize the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle by incorporating exercise and practicing a balanced diet as forms of habit.
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19
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Alkaline Reduced Water Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Innate Immune Response Triggered by Intestinal Epithelial Dysfunction. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox imbalance in intestinal epithelial cells is critical in the early phases of intestinal injury. Dysfunction of the intestinal barrier can result in immunological imbalance and inflammation, thus leading to intestinal syndromes and associated illnesses. Several antioxidants have been discovered to be beneficial in resolving intestinal barrier dysfunction. Of these antioxidants, the effects of alkaline reduced water (ARW) in oxidative stress of intestinal epithelial cells and its immunokine modulation in vitro is unknown. In this study, we utilized ARW-enriched media to investigate its cytoprotective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in DLD1 cells. We found that ARW rescued DLD1 from oxidative stress by diluting the influence of H2O2 on oxidative stress-activated MAPK signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction. Further, intestinal oxidative stress significantly affects immunokine profiles of Raw 264.7 cells (IL-6, IL-10, MCP, TNF-a, RANTES), which can be reversed by ARW. Collectively, ARW shields intestinal epithelial cells from oxidative stress, reducing the immunological mayhem caused by barrier failure.
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20
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Drinking Molecular Hydrogen Water Is Beneficial to Cardiovascular Function in Diet-Induced Obesity Mice. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050364. [PMID: 33922704 PMCID: PMC8146054 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen (MH) reportedly exerts therapeutic effects against inflammatory diseases as a suppressor of free radical chain reactions. Here, the cardiovascular protective effects of the intake of molecular hydrogen water (MHW) were investigated using high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice. MHW was prepared using supplier sticks and degassed water as control. MHW intake for 2 weeks did not improve blood sugar or body weight but decreased heart weight in DIO mice. Moreover, MHW intake improved cardiac hypertrophy, shortened the width of cardiomyocytes, dilated the capillaries and arterioles, activated myocardial eNOS-Ser-1177 phosphorylation, and restored left ventricular function in DIO mice. MHW intake promoted the histological conversion of hypertrophy to hyperplasia in white and brown adipose tissues (WAT and BAT) with the upregulation of thermogenic and cardiovascular protective genes in BAT (i.e., Ucp-1, Vegf-a, and eNos). Furthermore, the results of a colony formation assay of bone-marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) indicated that MHW activated the expansion, differentiation, and mobilization of EPCs to maintain vascular homeostasis. These findings indicate that the intake of MHW exerts cardiovascular protective effects in DIO mice. Hence, drinking MHW is a potential prophylactic strategy against cardiovascular disorders in metabolic syndrome.
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Rias YA, Kurniawan AL, Chang CW, Gordon CJ, Tsai HT. Synergistic Effects of Regular Walking and Alkaline Electrolyzed Water on Decreasing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress, and Increasing Quality of Life in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Community Based Randomized Controlled Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E946. [PMID: 33019646 PMCID: PMC7599474 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) and walking are strongly recommended for ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation. Nevertheless, there is a lack of information on the combination of both on alleviating inflammation, oxidative stress, and improving the quality of life (QoL). We investigated the synergistic effects of drinking AEW and walking on advanced glycation end products (AGEs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), malondialdehyde (MDA), white blood cells (WBCs), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and QoL. In total, 81 eligible patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were randomly allocated via single blind to four groups: consumed 2 L/day of AEW (n = 20), instructed to walk for 150 min/week (n = 20), received a combination of AEW and walking (n = 20), and continue their habitual diet and activity (n = 21). Data were collected and analyzed before and after 8 weeks of intervention. Our results showed a significant interaction between the group and time, with both AEW and walking independently and synergistically ameliorating AGEs, AOPPs, MDA, NLR and WBCs levels. Moreover, the AEW group had a higher physical and total QoL score. The walking group and the combined group had higher scores in physical, mental and total QoL compared to the control group. The synergistic effect of AEW and regular walking are an advisable treatment for patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohanes Andy Rias
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, College of Nursing, Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata, Kediri 64114, Indonesia
| | - Adi Lukas Kurniawan
- Research Center for Healthcare Industry Innovation, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, 365 Ming-te Road, Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Ching Wen Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Christopher James Gordon
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
| | - Hsiu Ting Tsai
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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22
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Hu Q, Zhou Y, Wu S, Wu W, Deng Y, Shao A. Molecular hydrogen: A potential radioprotective agent. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110589. [PMID: 32763820 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many studies have shown that hydrogen has therapeutic and preventive effects on various diseases. Its selective antioxidant properties were well noticed. Most of the ionizing radiation-induced damage is caused by hydroxyl radicals (OH) from radiolysis of H2O. Since hydrogen can mitigate such damage through multiple mechanisms, it presents noteworthy potential as a novel radio-protective agent. This review analyses possible mechanisms for hydrogen's radioprotective properties and effective delivery methods. We also look into details of vitro and vivo studies for hydrogen's radioprotective effects, and clinical practices. We conclude that hydrogen has good potential in radio-protection, with evidence that warrants greater research efforts in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongge Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Wu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchuan Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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23
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Zhang Y, Xu J, Yang H. Hydrogen: An Endogenous Regulator of Liver Homeostasis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:877. [PMID: 32595504 PMCID: PMC7301907 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Basic and clinical studies have shown that hydrogen (H2), the lightest gas in the air, has significant biological effects of anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. The mammalian cells have no abilities to produce H2 due to lack of the expression of hydrogenase. The endogenous H2 in human body is mainly produced by anaerobic bacteria, such as Firmicutes and Bacteroides, in gut and other organs through the reversible oxidation reaction of 2 H+ + 2 e- ⇌ H2. Supplement of exogenous H2 can improve many kinds of liver injuries, modulate glucose and lipids metabolism in animal models or in human beings. Moreover, hepatic glycogen has strong ability to accumulate H2, thus, among the organs examined, liver has the highest concentration of H2 after supplement of exogenous H2 by various strategies in vivo. The inadequate production of endogenous H2 play essential roles in brain, heart, and liver disorders, while enhanced endogenous H2 production may improve hepatitis, hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury, liver regeneration, and hepatic steatosis. Therefore, the endogenous H2 may play essential roles in maintaining liver homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingting Xu
- Biofeedback Laboratory, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhi Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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LeBaron TW, Singh RB, Fatima G, Kartikey K, Sharma JP, Ostojic SM, Gvozdjakova A, Kura B, Noda M, Mojto V, Niaz MA, Slezak J. The Effects of 24-Week, High-Concentration Hydrogen-Rich Water on Body Composition, Blood Lipid Profiles and Inflammation Biomarkers in Men and Women with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:889-896. [PMID: 32273740 PMCID: PMC7102907 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s240122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic syndrome is associated with several medical risk factors including dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and obesity, which has become a worldwide pandemic. The sequelae of this condition increase the risk of cardiovascular and neurological disease and increased mortality. Its pathophysiology is associated with redox dysregulation, excessive inflammation, and perturbation of cellular homeostasis. Molecular hydrogen (H2) may attenuate oxidative stress, improve cellular function, and reduce chronic inflammation. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown promising effects of H2-rich water (HRW) on specific features of metabolic syndrome, yet the effects of long-term, high-concentration HRW in this prevalent condition remain poorly addressed. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in 60 subjects (30 men and 30 women) with metabolic syndrome. An initial observation period of one week was used to acquire baseline clinical data followed by randomization to either placebo or high-concentration HRW (> 5.5 millimoles of H2 per day) for 24 weeks. RESULTS Supplementation with high-concentration HRW significantly reduced blood cholesterol and glucose levels, attenuated serum hemoglobin A1c, and improved biomarkers of inflammation and redox homeostasis as compared to placebo (P < 0.05). Furthermore, H2 tended to promote a mild reduction in body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio. CONCLUSION Our results give further credence that high-concentration HRW might have promising effects as a therapeutic modality for attenuating risk factors of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W LeBaron
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Molecular Hydrogen Institute, Enoch, UT, USA
| | - Ram B Singh
- Hospital and Research Institute, Moradabad, India
| | | | | | | | - Sergej M Ostojic
- Applied Bioenergetics Lab, Faculty of Sport and PE, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Anna Gvozdjakova
- Medical Faculty, Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Medical Department, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Mami Noda
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Viliam Mojto
- Third Internal Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mohammad Arif Niaz
- Center of Nutrition Research, International College of Nutrition, Moradabad, India
| | - Jan Slezak
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Correspondence: Jan Slezak Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, Bratislava841 04, Slovak RepublicTel +421 903 620 181 Email
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