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Nian L, Li W, Zhang C, Li L, Zhang G, Xiao J. 3D-Printed SERS Chips for Highly Specific Detection of Denatured Type I and IV Collagens in Blood for Early Hepatic Fibrosis Diagnosis. ACS Sens 2024; 9:3272-3281. [PMID: 38836565 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis, the insidious progression of chronic liver scarring leading to life-threatening cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, necessitates the urgent development of noninvasive and precise diagnostic methodologies. Denatured collagen emerges as a critical biomarker in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. Herein, we have for the first time developed 3D-printed collagen capture chips for highly specific surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of denatured type I and type IV collagen in blood, facilitating the early diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis. Employing a novel blend of denatured collagen-targeting peptide-modified silver nanoparticle probes (Ag@DCTP) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), we engineered a robust ink for the 3D fabrication of these collagen capture chips. The chips are further equipped with specialized SERS peptide probes, Ag@ICTP@R1 (S-I) and Ag@IVCTP@R2 (S-IV), tailored for the targeted detection of type I and IV collagen, respectively. The SERS chip platform demonstrated exceptional specificity and sensitivity in capturing and detecting denatured type I and IV collagen, achieving detection limits of 3.5 ng/mL for type I and 3.2 ng/mL for type IV collagen within a 10-400 ng/mL range. When tested on serum samples from hepatic fibrosis mouse models across a spectrum of fibrosis stages (S0-S4), the chips consistently measured denatured type I collagen and detected a progressive increase in type IV collagen concentration, which correlated with the severity of fibrosis. This novel strategy establishes a benchmark for the multiplexed detection of collagen biomarkers, enhancing our capacity to assess the stages of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linge Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- Tianjin Baogang Rare Earth Research Institute Company, Limited, Beijing 100022, P. R. China
| | - Lu Li
- Tianjin Baogang Rare Earth Research Institute Company, Limited, Beijing 100022, P. R. China
| | - Guangrui Zhang
- Tianjin Baogang Rare Earth Research Institute Company, Limited, Beijing 100022, P. R. China
| | - Jianxi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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Xiong F, Zhang Y, Li T, Tang Y, Song SY, Zhou Q, Wang Y. A detailed overview of quercetin: implications for cell death and liver fibrosis mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1389179. [PMID: 38855739 PMCID: PMC11157233 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1389179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Quercetin, a widespread polyphenolic flavonoid, is known for its extensive health benefits and is commonly found in the plant kingdom. The natural occurrence and extraction methods of quercetin are crucial due to its bioactive potential. Purpose This review aims to comprehensively cover the natural sources of quercetin, its extraction methods, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and its role in various cell death pathways and liver fibrosis. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed across several electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang database, and ClinicalTrials.gov, up to 10 February 2024. The search terms employed were "quercetin", "natural sources of quercetin", "quercetin extraction methods", "bioavailability of quercetin", "pharmacokinetics of quercetin", "cell death pathways", "apoptosis", "autophagy", "pyroptosis", "necroptosis", "ferroptosis", "cuproptosis", "liver fibrosis", and "hepatic stellate cells". These keywords were interconnected using AND/OR as necessary. The search focused on studies that detailed the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of quercetin, its role in different cell death pathways, and its effects on liver fibrosis. Results This review details quercetin's involvement in various cell death pathways, including apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis, with particular attention to its regulatory influence on apoptosis and autophagy. It dissects the mechanisms through which quercetin affects these pathways across different cell types and dosages. Moreover, the paper delves into quercetin's effects on liver fibrosis, its interactions with hepatic stellate cells, and its modulation of pertinent signaling cascades. Additionally, it articulates from a physical organic chemistry standpoint the uniqueness of quercetin's structure and its potential for specific actions in the liver. Conclusion The paper provides a detailed analysis of quercetin, suggesting its significant role in modulating cell death mechanisms and mitigating liver fibrosis, underscoring its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yichen Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Wenjiang District People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Si-Yuan Song
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Ono N, Fujita T, Miki M, Nishiyama K, Izawa T, Aoyama T, Kuwamura M, Fujii H, Azuma YT. Interleukin-19 Gene-Deficient Mice Promote Liver Fibrosis via Enhanced TGF-β Signaling, and the Interleukin-19-CCL2 Axis Is Important in the Direction of Liver Fibrosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2064. [PMID: 37509702 PMCID: PMC10377488 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-19 is a cytokine discovered by homologous searching with IL-10 and is produced by non-immune cells, such as keratinocytes, in addition to immune cells, such as macrophages. Liver fibrosis results from the inflammation and activation of hepatic stellate cells via chronic liver injury. However, the participation of IL-19 in liver fibrosis remains to be sufficiently elucidated. Our group studied the immunological function of IL-19 in a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis. IL-19 gene-deficient (KO) mice and body weight-matched wild-type (WT) mice were used. A liver fibrosis mouse model was created via CCl4 administration (two times per week) for 8 weeks. In CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, serum analysis revealed that IL-19 KO mice had higher ALT levels compared to WT mice. IL-19 KO mice had worse fibrosis, as assessed by morphological evaluation of total area stained positive with Azan and Masson trichrome. In addition, the expression of α-SMA was increased in liver tissues of IL-19 KO mice compared to WT mice. Furthermore, mRNA expression levels of TGF-β and α-SMA were enhanced in IL-19 KO mice compared to WT mice. In vitro assays revealed that IL-19-high expressing RAW264.7 cells inhibited the migration of NIH3T3 cells via the inhibited expression of CCL2 in the presence of CCl4 and IL-4. These findings indicate that IL-19 plays a critical role in liver fibrosis by affecting TGF-β signaling and the migration of hepatic stellate cells during liver injury. Enhancement of the IL-19 signaling pathway is a potential treatment for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoshige Ono
- Laboratory of Prophylactic Pharmacology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Mariko Miki
- Laboratory of Prophylactic Pharmacology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Prophylactic Pharmacology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Tomoko Aoyama
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yasu-Taka Azuma
- Laboratory of Prophylactic Pharmacology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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Biochanin A in murine Schistosoma mansoni infection: effects on inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e16. [PMID: 36740983 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x22000839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biochanin A (BCA) is a multifunctional natural compound that possesses anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective effects. The aim of the study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of BCA on Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. Fifty mice were divided into six different groups as non-infected, non-infected BCA-treated, infected untreated, early infected BCA-treated (seven days post-infection (dpi)), late infected BCA-treated 60 dpi and infected praziquantel (PZQ)-treated groups. Parasitological, histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) were investigated in liver sections. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) gene expression of S. mansoni was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A single dose of BCA significantly reduced worm burden in early (82.14%) and late infection (77.74%), mean tissue egg load in early (7.27 ± 0.495) and late BCA administration (7.63 ± 0.435) and decreased granuloma size. CYP450 mRNA expression was significantly reduced in early BCA treatment as compared to late treatment which emphasizes that early administration of BCA had more pronounced effects on worms than late administration. Both early and late BCA administration led to significant reduction in inflammatory cytokines as TGF and iNOS. Although the reduction of TGF and iNOS in BCA-treated mice was superior to PZQ, no statistically significant differences were noted. However, a significant downregulation of COX2 was noted in hepatocytes as compared to both infected control and PZQ-treated mice. BCA has schistosomicidal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-fibrotic effects and could be regarded as a potential drug in schistosomiasis treatment.
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Godoy G, Antunes MM, Fernandes IDL, Manin LP, Zappielo C, Masi LN, Perles JVCM, Visentainer JV, Curi R, Bazotte RB. Linseed Oil Attenuates Liver Inflammation, Fatty Acid Accumulation, and Lipid Distribution in Periportal and Perivenous Hepatocytes Induced by a High-Carbohydrate Diet in Mice. J Med Food 2022; 25:1133-1145. [PMID: 36450115 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated whether linseed oil (LO) modulates the effects of a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) on liver inflammation, fatty acid (FA) accumulation, and lipid distribution in periportal and perivenous hepatocytes. The control group (control high-carbohydrate diet [HCD-C]) received an HCD with lard and soybean oil as the lipid source. The L10 and L100 groups received the HCD with 10% and 100% of LO as the lipid source, respectively. The animals were killed by decapitation before (day 0) and after receiving the diets. Liver FA composition, inflammation, and fibrogenesis gene expression were evaluated. Also, the percentage of lipid-occupied area in periportal end perivenous hepatocytes were measured. The L100 group exhibited a higher (P < .05) liver amount of omega-3 polyunsaturated FA (n-3 PUFA) and lower (P < .05) amounts of saturated FA (SFA), monounsaturated FA (MUFA), and omega-6 polyunsaturated FA (n-6 PUFA) compared with L10 or HCD-C mice. On day 56, interleukin 10 and type IV collagen gene expression were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively in L100. Also, the L100 group showed lower (P < .05) FA accumulation (i.e., total FA, SFA, MUFA, and n-6 PUFA). Also, L10 and L100 presented lower (P < .05) percentage of high lipid-containing portion in periportal and perivenous hepatocytes. We concluded that LO attenuation of liver inflammation promoted by an HCD is associated with increased liver n-3 PUFA levels, so modulating FA composition, deposition, and distribution in periportal and perivenous hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Godoy
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Marina Masetto Antunes
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Ingrid de Lima Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pelissari Manin
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Caroline Zappielo
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Laureane Nunes Masi
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Juliana Vanessa Colombo Martins Perles
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Jesuí Vergílio Visentainer
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Roberto Barbosa Bazotte
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
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Wilson SE, Shiju TM, Sampaio LP, Hilgert GL. Corneal fibroblast collagen type IV negative feedback modulation of TGF beta: A fibrosis modulating system likely active in other organs. Matrix Biol 2022; 109:162-172. [PMID: 35421526 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Collagen type IV (COL IV) is a major component of basement membranes (BM) in all organs. It serves functions related to BM organization and modulates the passage of growth factors from one tissue compartment to another. COL IV binds transforming growth factor (TGF) beta-1 and TGF beta-2 and, therefore, is a major modulator of TGF beta pro-fibrotic functions. After fibrotic corneal injury, TGF beta enters into the stroma from the tears, epithelium, endothelium and/or aqueous humor and markedly upregulates COL IV production in corneal fibroblasts in the adjacent stroma far removed from BMs. It is hypothesized this non-BM stromal COL IV binds TGF beta-1 (and likely TGF beta-2) in competition with the binding of the growth factors to TGF beta cognate receptors and serves as a negative feedback regulatory pathway to mitigate the effects of TGF beta on stromal cells, including reducing the developmental transition of corneal fibroblasts and fibrocytes into myofibroblasts. Losartan, a known TGF beta signaling inhibitor, when applied topically to the cornea after fibrotic injury, alters this COL IV-TGF beta pathway by down-regulating COL IV production by corneal fibroblasts. Non-BM COL IV produced in response to injuries in other organs, including the lung, skin, liver, kidney, and gut, may participate in similar COL IV-TGF beta pathways and have an important role in controlling TGF beta pro-fibrotic effects in these organs.
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Shaikh SS, Bawazir A, Yahya BA. Phytochemical, Histochemical and in-vitro Antimicrobial Study of Various Solvent Extracts of Costus speciosus (J.Koenig) Sm. and Costus pictus D. Don. Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 19:116-124. [DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.08683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Song LJ, Yin XR, Mu SS, Li JH, Gao H, Zhang Y, Dong PP, Mei CJ, Hua ZC. The Differential and Dynamic Progression of Hepatic Inflammation and Immune Responses During Liver Fibrosis Induced by Schistosoma japonicum or Carbon Tetrachloride in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:570524. [PMID: 33117360 PMCID: PMC7575768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis can result from various causes and could progress to cirrhosis and cancer; however, there are no effective treatments due to that its molecular mechanism is unclear. liver fibrosis model made by Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) infection or Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intraperitoneal injection is a conventional model used in liver fibrosis-related studies for mechanism or pharmaceutical research purposes. But the differences in the pathological progression, immune responses and the underlying mechanism between the two liver fibrosis model have not been carefully compared and characterized, which hinders us from correctly understanding and making better use of the two models. In the present study, the pathological changes to the liver, and the cytokines, inflammatory factors, macrophages, and lymphocytes subsets involved were analyzed in the liver fibrosis model of S. japonicum infection or CCl4 intraperitoneal injection. Additionally, the pathological progression, immune responses and the underlying injury mechanism in these two models were compared and characterized. The results showed that the changing trend of interleukin-13 (IL-13), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), inflammatory factors, and M1, M2 macrophages, were consistent with the development trend of fibrosis regardless of whether liver fibrosis was caused by S. japonicum or CCl4. For lymphocyte subsets, the proportions of CD3+ T cells and CD4+ T cells decreased gradually, while proportion of CD8+ T cells peaked at 6 weeks in mice infected with S. japonicum and at 12 weeks in mice injected with CCl4. With prolonged S. japonicum infection time, Th1 (CD4+IFN-γ+) immunity converted to Th2 (CD4+IL-4+)/Th17 (CD4+IL-17+) with weaker regulatory T cell (Treg) (CD4+CD25+FOXP3+) immunity. However, in liver fibrosis caused by CCl4, Th1 cells occupied the dominant position, while proportions of Th2, Th17, and Treg cells decreased gradually. In conclusion, liver fibrosis was a complex pathological process that was regulated by a series of cytokines and immune cells. The pathological progressions and immune responses to S. japonicum or CCl4 induced liver fibrosis were different, possibly because of their different injury mechanisms. The appropriate animal model should be selected according to the needs of different experiments and the pathogenic factors of liver fibrosis in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Song
- School of Life Sciences and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xu-Ren Yin
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Sha-Sha Mu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia-Huang Li
- School of Life Sciences and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Pan-Pan Dong
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Cong-Jin Mei
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Zi-Chun Hua
- School of Life Sciences and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou, China
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Almeer RS, El-Khadragy MF, Abdelhabib S, Abdel Moneim AE. Ziziphus spina-christi leaf extract ameliorates schistosomiasis liver granuloma, fibrosis, and oxidative stress through downregulation of fibrinogenic signaling in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204923. [PMID: 30273397 PMCID: PMC6166951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a widespread parasitic infection that affects humans, as well as wild and domestic animals. It ranks second after malaria, with a significant health and socio-economic impact in the developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess the anti-schistosomal impact of Ziziphus spina-christi leaf extract (ZLE) on Schistosoma mansoni-induced liver fibrosis in CD-1 Swiss male albino mice. S. mansoni infection was achieved by dipping of mouse tails in schistosomal cercariae. ZLE treatment was initiated at 46 days post-infection by administering a dose of the extract on a daily basis for 10 consecutive days. S. mansoni infection resulted in liver granuloma and fibrosis, with a drastic elevation in liver function factors, nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation, which were associated with a reduction in glutathione content and substantial inhibition of antioxidant enzyme activities compared to those of the control. Induction of hepatic granuloma, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in the liver was controlled by ZLE administration, which also produced inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9, alpha-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-β, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases expressions. In addition, the S. mansoni-infected group exhibited an increase in Bax and caspase-3 levels and a decrease in Bcl-2 level. However, treatment with ZLE mainly mitigated apoptosis in the liver. Thus, the findings of this study revealed that Ziziphus spina-christi had anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, antioxidant, and protective effects on S. mansoni-induced liver wounds. The benefits of Ziziphus spina-christi extract on S. mansoni were partly partially mediated by enhancing anti-fibrinogenic and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafa S. Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail: (RSA); (AEA)
| | - Manal F. El-Khadragy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Semlali Abdelhabib
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail: (RSA); (AEA)
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Wang X, Khalil RA. Matrix Metalloproteinases, Vascular Remodeling, and Vascular Disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2017; 81:241-330. [PMID: 29310800 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that degrade various proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Typically, MMPs have a propeptide sequence, a catalytic metalloproteinase domain with catalytic zinc, a hinge region or linker peptide, and a hemopexin domain. MMPs are commonly classified on the basis of their substrates and the organization of their structural domains into collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, matrilysins, membrane-type (MT)-MMPs, and other MMPs. MMPs are secreted by many cells including fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle (VSM), and leukocytes. MMPs are regulated at the level of mRNA expression and by activation through removal of the propeptide domain from their latent zymogen form. MMPs are often secreted in an inactive proMMP form, which is cleaved to the active form by various proteinases including other MMPs. MMPs degrade various protein substrates in ECM including collagen and elastin. MMPs could also influence endothelial cell function as well as VSM cell migration, proliferation, Ca2+ signaling, and contraction. MMPs play a role in vascular tissue remodeling during various biological processes such as angiogenesis, embryogenesis, morphogenesis, and wound repair. Alterations in specific MMPs could influence arterial remodeling and lead to various pathological disorders such as hypertension, preeclampsia, atherosclerosis, aneurysm formation, as well as excessive venous dilation and lower extremity venous disease. MMPs are often regulated by endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and the MMP/TIMP ratio often determines the extent of ECM protein degradation and tissue remodeling. MMPs may serve as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for certain vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Raouf A Khalil
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors as Investigational and Therapeutic Tools in Unrestrained Tissue Remodeling and Pathological Disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 148:355-420. [PMID: 28662828 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent proteolytic enzymes that degrade various proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs may also regulate the activity of membrane receptors and postreceptor signaling mechanisms and thereby affect cell function. The MMP family includes collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, matrilysins, membrane-type MMPs, and other MMPs. Inactive proMMPs are cleaved by other MMPs or proteases into active MMPs, which interact with various protein substrates in ECM and cell surface. MMPs regulate important biological processes such as vascular remodeling and angiogenesis and may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and aneurysm. The role of MMPs is often assessed by measuring their mRNA expression, protein levels, and proteolytic activity using gel zymography. MMP inhibitors are also used to assess the role of MMPs in different biological processes and pathological conditions. MMP activity is regulated by endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and the MMP/TIMP balance could determine the net MMP activity, ECM turnover, and tissue remodeling. Also, several synthetic MMP inhibitors have been developed. Synthetic MMP inhibitors include a large number of zinc-binding globulins (ZBGs), in addition to non-ZBGs and mechanism-based inhibitors. MMP inhibitors have been proposed as potential tools in the management of osteoarthritis, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. However, most MMP inhibitors have broad-spectrum actions on multiple MMPs and could cause undesirable musculoskeletal side effects. Currently, doxycycline is the only MMP inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration. New generation biological and synthetic MMP inhibitors may show greater MMP specificity and fewer side effects and could be useful in targeting specific MMPs, reducing unrestrained tissue remodeling, and the management of MMP-related pathological disorders.
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Li WX, Chen X, Yang Y, Huang HM, Li HD, Huang C, Meng XM, Li J. Hesperitin derivative-11 suppress hepatic stellate cell activation and proliferation by targeting PTEN/AKT pathway. Toxicology 2017; 381:75-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Jiang H, Song JM, Gao PF, Qin XJ, Xu SZ, Zhang JF. Metabolic characterization of the early stage of hepatic fibrosis in rat using GC-TOF/MS and multivariate data analyses. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 27859443 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy; The first affiliated hospital of Anhui university of Chinese medicine; Hefei China
- College of Basic Medicine; Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
| | - Jun-mei Song
- Department of Pharmacy; The first affiliated hospital of Anhui university of Chinese medicine; Hefei China
| | - Peng-fei Gao
- College of Pharmacy; Dali University; Dali China
| | - Xiu-juan Qin
- Department of Pharmacy; The first affiliated hospital of Anhui university of Chinese medicine; Hefei China
| | - Shuang-zhi Xu
- Department of Pharmacy; The first affiliated hospital of Anhui university of Chinese medicine; Hefei China
| | - Jia-fu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy; The first affiliated hospital of Anhui university of Chinese medicine; Hefei China
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Hung WL, Yang G, Wang YC, Chiou YS, Tung YC, Yang MJ, Wang BN, Ho CT, Wang Y, Pan MH. Protective effects of theasinensin A against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. Food Funct 2017; 8:3276-3287. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00700k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
TSA markedly reduced the CCl4-induced liver injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Hung
- Citrus Research and Education Center
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition
- University of Florida
- Lake Alfred
- USA
| | - Guliang Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains; Huanggang Normal University
- Huanggang
- China
| | - Yu-Chuan Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiou Chiou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Tung
- Institute of Food Science and Technology
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | | | - Bi-Ni Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710119
- China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science
- Rutgers University
- New Brunswick
- USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition
- University of Florida
- Lake Alfred
- USA
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains; Huanggang Normal University
- Huanggang
- China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology
- National Taiwan University
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He YH, Li Z, Ni MM, Zhang XY, Li MF, Meng XM, Huang C, Li J. Cryptolepine derivative-6h inhibits liver fibrosis in TGF-β1-induced HSC-T6 cells by targeting the Shh pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:987-95. [PMID: 27295431 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a worldwide problem with a significant morbidity and mortality. Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (family Periplocaceae) is widely used in West African countries for the treatment of malaria, as well as for some other diseases. However, the role of C. sanguinolenta in hepatic fibrosis is still unknown. It has been reported that Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) had a high expression in liver fibrosis and played a central role in its pathobiology. Interestingly, we found that a cryptolepine derivative (HZ-6h) could inhibit liver fibrosis by reducing MeCP2 expression, as evidenced by the dramatic downregulation of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and type I collagen alpha-1 (Col1α1) in protein levels in vitro. Meanwhile, we also found that HZ-6h could reduce the cell viability and promote apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) treated with transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1). Then, we investigated the potential molecular mechanisms and found that HZ-6h blocked Shh signaling in HSC-T6 cells, resulting in the decreased protein expression of Patched-1 (PTCH-1), Sonic hedgehog (Shh), and glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1). In short, these results indicate that HZ-6h inhibits liver fibrosis by downregulating MeCP2 through the Shh pathway in TGF-β1-induced HSC-T6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hua He
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zeng Li
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ming-Ming Ni
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xing-Yan Zhang
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ming-Fang Li
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- a School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,b Institute for Liver Diseases, Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Hefei 230032, China.,c Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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Reza HM, Tabassum N, Sagor MAT, Chowdhury MRH, Rahman M, Jain P, Alam MA. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor prevents oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in carbon tetrachloride-treated rat liver. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:46-53. [PMID: 26862777 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1124956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a common feature of chronic liver injury, and the involvement of angiotensin II in such process has been studied earlier. We hypothesized that anti-angiotensin II agents may be effective in preventing hepatic fibrosis. In this study, Long Evans female rats were used and divided into four groups such as Group-I, Control; Group-II, Control + ramipril; Group-III, CCl4; and Group-IV, CCl4 + ramipril. Group II and IV are treated with ramipril for 14 d. At the end of treatment, the livers were removed, and the level of hepatic marker enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase), nitric oxide, advanced protein oxidation product , catalase activity, and lipid peroxidation were determined. The degree of fibrosis was evaluated through histopathological staining with Sirius red and trichrome milligan staining. Carbon-tetrachloride (CCl4) administration in rats developed hepatic dysfunction and raised the hepatic marker enzymes activities significantly. CCl4 administration in rats also produced oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in liver. Furthermore, angiotensinogen-inhibitor ramipril normalized the hepatic enzymes activities and improved the antioxidant enzyme catalase activity. Moreover, ramipril treatment ameliorated lipid peroxidation and hepatic inflammation in CCl4-treated rats. Ramipril treatment also significantly reduced hepatic fibrosis in CCl4-administered rats. In conclusion, our investigation suggests that the antifibrotic effect of ramipril may be attributed to inhibition of angiotensin-II mediated oxidative stress and inflammation in liver CCl4-administered rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Mahmud Reza
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Health and Life Science, North South University Bangladesh , Bashundhara , Dhaka , Bangladesh
| | - Nabila Tabassum
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Health and Life Science, North South University Bangladesh , Bashundhara , Dhaka , Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Taher Sagor
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Health and Life Science, North South University Bangladesh , Bashundhara , Dhaka , Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Riaz Hasan Chowdhury
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Health and Life Science, North South University Bangladesh , Bashundhara , Dhaka , Bangladesh
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Health and Life Science, North South University Bangladesh , Bashundhara , Dhaka , Bangladesh
| | - Preeti Jain
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Health and Life Science, North South University Bangladesh , Bashundhara , Dhaka , Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Health and Life Science, North South University Bangladesh , Bashundhara , Dhaka , Bangladesh
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Singh N, Khullar N, Kakkar V, Kaur IP. Attenuation of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury with curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. BioDrugs 2015; 28:297-312. [PMID: 24567262 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-014-0086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Curcumin, an established pleiotropic agent, has potential for hepatoprotection owing to its powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrogenic properties. However, its poor bioavailability limits its use in therapeutics. In this study, we aimed to package curcumin into solid lipid nanoparticles (C-SLNs) to improve its bioavailability and compare the efficacy of C-SLNs with that of free curcumin and silymarin, a well-established hepatoprotectant in clinical use, against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury in rats, post-induction. A self-recovery group to which no treatment was given was also employed for quantifying self-healing of hepatic tissue, if any. MATERIAL AND METHODS C-SLNs (particle size 147.6 nm), prepared using a microemulsification technique, were administered to rats post-treatment with CCl4 (1 ml/kg body weight [BW] twice weekly for 2 weeks, followed by 1.5 ml/kg BW twice weekly for the subsequent 2 weeks). The extent of liver damage and repair in terms of histopathology and levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione) and a pro-inflammatory response marker, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, were determined in both the CCl4 group and the treatment groups. RESULTS C-SLNs (12.5 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.001-0.005) attenuated histopathological changes and oxidative stress, and also decreased induction of ALT, AST, and TNF-α in comparison with free curcumin (100 mg/kg), silymarin (25 mg/kg), and self-recovery groups. CONCLUSION Curcumin could be used as a therapeutic agent for hepatic disorders, provided it is loaded into a suitable delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Hesperetin derivative-7 inhibits PDGF-BB-induced hepatic stellate cell activation and proliferation by targeting Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 25:311-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wang M, Abais JM, Meng N, Zhang Y, Ritter JK, Li PL, Tang WX. Upregulation of cannabinoid receptor-1 and fibrotic activation of mouse hepatic stellate cells during Schistosoma J. infection: role of NADPH oxidase. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:109-120. [PMID: 24657416 PMCID: PMC6739633 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (CS) has been implicated in the development of hepatic fibrosis such as schistosomiasis-associated liver fibrosis (SSLF). However, the mechanisms mediating the action of the CS in hepatic fibrosis are unclear. The present study hypothesized that Schistosoma J. infection upregulates cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) due to activation of NADPH oxidase leading to a fibrotic phenotype in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The SSLF model was developed by infecting mice with Schistosoma J. cercariae in the skin, and HSCs from control and infected mice were then isolated, cultured, and confirmed by analysis of HSC markers α-SMA and desmin. CB1 significantly increased in HSCs isolated from mice with SSLF, which was accompanied by a greater expression of fibrotic markers α-SMA, collagen I, and TIMP-1. CB1 upregulation and enhanced fibrotic changes were also observed in normal HSCs treated with soluble egg antigen (SEA) from Schistosoma J. Electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis further demonstrated that superoxide (O2(-)) production was increased in infected HSCs or normal HSCs stimulated with SEA. Both Nox4 and Nox1 siRNA prevented SEA-induced upregulation of CB1, α-SMA, collagen I, and TIMP-1 by inhibition of O2(-) production, while CB1 siRNA blocked SEA-induced fibrotic changes without effect on O2(-) production in these HSCs. Taken together, these data suggest that the fibrotic activation of HSCs on Schistosoma J. infection or SEA stimulation is associated with NADPH oxidase-mediated redox regulation of CB1 expression, which may be a triggering mechanism for SSLF.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Antigens, Helminth/isolation & purification
- Antigens, Helminth/pharmacology
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Desmin/genetics
- Desmin/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/drug effects
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/metabolism
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/parasitology
- Host-Parasite Interactions
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/parasitology
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis/complications
- Liver Cirrhosis/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis/parasitology
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/genetics
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- NADPH Oxidase 1
- NADPH Oxidase 4
- NADPH Oxidases/genetics
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Schistosoma japonicum/physiology
- Schistosomiasis japonica/complications
- Schistosomiasis japonica/genetics
- Schistosomiasis japonica/parasitology
- Schistosomiasis japonica/pathology
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/genetics
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Wang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie-Fang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Justine M Abais
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Nan Meng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie-Fang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Joseph K Ritter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Wang-Xian Tang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie-Fang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Truong HN, Nguyen HN, Nguyen TKN, Le MH, Tran HG, Huynh N, Van Nguyen T. Establishment of a standardized mouse model of hepatic fibrosis for biomedical research. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2014. [DOI: 10.7603/s40730-014-0009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Elshazly SM, Mahmoud AAA. Antifibrotic activity of hesperidin against dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:559-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-0968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Ezhilarasan D, Karthikeyan S, Vivekanandan P. Ameliorative effect of silibinin against N-nitrosodimethylamine-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:1004-1013. [PMID: 22986105 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The protective effect of silibinin (SBN) against hepatic fibrosis induced by repeated intermittent administration of N-nitrosodimethylamine (DMN) was investigated in rats. Oral administration of SBN recovered body and liver weight loss and reversed the elevation of serum AST, ALT and ALP accompanied by their fall in the liver tissue in DMN-induced fibrotic rats. Severe oxidative stress induced in fibrotic rats was evidenced by two to three fold elevation in MDA and protein carbonyl levels associated with a fall in the activities of SOD and CAT in repeated DMN treatment and this adversity was protected by SBN post-treatment. Further, the fall in the activities of ATPases and increase in the levels of hydroxyproline and collagen observed in the liver tissue of DMN treated rats was prevented and reversed back toward normalcy by SBN post-treatment. Recovery of rat liver tissue against DMN-induced hepatocellular necrosis, inflammatory changes and hepatic fibrosis by SBN treatment is also confirmed by both H & E and Masson's trichrome stained histopathological evaluation of liver tissue. In conclusion, SBN exhibit hepatoprotective, antioxidant, free radical scavenging, membrane stabilizing and anti-fibrotic activity against DMN-induced hepatic fibrosis suggesting that it may be useful as a therapeutic agent toward amelioration of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Food and Hepatotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology, Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Sekkizhar Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, India
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Huang Q, Li Y, Zhang S, Huang R, Zheng L, Wei L, He M, Liao M, Li L, Zhuo L, Lin X. Effect and mechanism of methyl helicterate isolated from Helicteres angustifolia (Sterculiaceae) on hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:889-895. [PMID: 22967666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Methyl helicterate is a triterpenoid isolated from Helicteres angustifolia (Sterculiaceae), one of the valuable traditional Chinese herbs. Antifibrotic activities of H. angustifolia have been extensively proved. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of methyl helicterate (MH) on liver fibrosis in rats induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) and to explore its underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hepatic fibrosis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by intragastric administration with 2 ml/kg CCl(4) (mixed 1:1 in peanut oil) twice a week for 12 weeks. To evaluate the effect of MH (16.72, 33.45, 66.90 mg/kg) on hepatic fibrosis, liver function, histological study and hepatic fibrosis evaluation were performed. Liver function was assessed by determining the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (Alb) and total protein (TP). The biomarkers such as hydroxyproline (Hyp), hyaluronic acid (HA), type III precollagen (PCIII) and laminin (LN) were examined for the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis. The underlying mechanism was investigated by measuring oxidative stress level and detecting the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA and Smad3 protein. RESULTS MH (33.45, 66.90 mg/kg) treatment significantly inhibited the loss of body weight and the increase of liver index in rats induced by CCl(4). MH also improved the liver function as indicated by decreasing serum enzymatic activities of ALT, AST, TP and Alb (P<0.05). Histological results indicated that MH alleviated liver damage and reduced the formation of fibrous septa. Moreover, MH significantly decreased liver Hyp, HA, LN and PCIII (P<0.05). Research on mechanism showed that MH could markedly reduce liver malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, increase activities of liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and inhibit the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA and Smad3 protein (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that MH can inhibit CCl(4)-induced hepatic fibrosis, which may be ascribed to its radical scavenging action, antioxidant activity, and modulation of TGF-β-Smad3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfang Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Nanning 530023, China
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El-Lakkany NM, Hammam OA, El-Maadawy WH, Badawy AA, Ain-Shoka AA, Ebeid FA. Anti-inflammatory/anti-fibrotic effects of the hepatoprotective silymarin and the schistosomicide praziquantel against Schistosoma mansoni-induced liver fibrosis. Parasit Vectors 2012; 5:9. [PMID: 22236605 PMCID: PMC3398291 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Praziquantel (PZQ) is an isoquinoline derivative (2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino{2,1-a}-isoquinoline-4-one), and is currently the drug of choice for all forms of schistosomiasis. Silymarin, a standardized milk thistle extract, of which silibinin is the main component, is known for its hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities, and hepatocyte regeneration. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory/anti-fibrotic effects of silymarin and/or PZQ on schistosomal hepatic fibrosis. METHODS Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice were divided into two large groups (I & II), each with four subgroups and were run in parallel. (i) Infected untreated; (ii) treated with silymarin, starting from the 4th (3 weeks before PZQ therapy) or 12th (5 weeks after PZQ therapy) weeks post infection (PI); (iii) treated with PZQ in the 7th week PI; and (iv) treated with silymarin, as group (ii) plus PZQ as group (iii). Comparable groups of uninfected mice run in parallel with the infected groups. Mice of groups I and II were killed 10 and 18 weeks PI, respectively. Hepatic content of hydroxyproline (HYP), serum levels and tissue expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and number of mast cells were determined. In addition, parasitological, biochemical and histological parameters that reflect disease severity and morbidity were examined. RESULTS Silymarin caused a partial decrease in worm burden; hepatic tissue egg load, with an increase in percentage of dead eggs; modulation of granuloma size, with significant reduction of hepatic HYP content; tissue expression of MMP-2, TGF-β1; number of mast cells, with conservation of hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH). PZQ produced complete eradication of worms, eggs and alleviated liver inflammation and fibrosis. The best results were obtained, in most parameters studied, in groups of mice treated with silymarin in addition to PZQ. CONCLUSIONS Our results point to silymarin as a promising anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic agent; it could be introduced as a therapeutic tool with PZQ in the treatment of schistosomal liver fibrosis, but further studies on mechanisms of silymarin and PZQ in chronic liver diseases may shed light on developing therapeutic methods in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa M El-Lakkany
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, P.O Box 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Olfat A Hammam
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, P.O Box 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Walaa H El-Maadawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, P.O Box 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Afkar A Badawy
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, P.O Box 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Afaf A Ain-Shoka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Ebeid
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, P.O Box 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
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Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors as investigative tools in the pathogenesis and management of vascular disease. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2012; 103:209-79. [PMID: 22642194 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0364-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that degrade various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs could also regulate the activity of several non-ECM bioactive substrates and consequently affect different cellular functions. Members of the MMPs family include collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, matrilysins, membrane-type MMPs, and others. Pro-MMPs are cleaved into active MMPs, which in turn act on various substrates in the ECM and on the cell surface. MMPs play an important role in the regulation of numerous physiological processes including vascular remodeling and angiogenesis. MMPs may also be involved in vascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm, and varicose veins. MMPs also play a role in the hemodynamic and vascular changes associated with pregnancy and preeclampsia. The role of MMPs is commonly assessed by measuring their gene expression, protein amount, and proteolytic activity using gel zymography. Because there are no specific activators of MMPs, MMP inhibitors are often used to investigate the role of MMPs in different physiologic processes and in the pathogenesis of specific diseases. MMP inhibitors include endogenous tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) and pharmacological inhibitors such as zinc chelators, doxycycline, and marimastat. MMP inhibitors have been evaluated as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in cancer, autoimmune disease, and cardiovascular disease. Although several MMP inhibitors have been synthesized and tested both experimentally and clinically, only one MMP inhibitor, i.e., doxycycline, is currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration. This is mainly due to the undesirable side effects of MMP inhibitors especially on the musculoskeletal system. While most experimental and clinical trials of MMP inhibitors have not demonstrated significant benefits, some trials still showed promising results. With the advent of new genetic and pharmacological tools, disease-specific MMP inhibitors with fewer undesirable effects are being developed and could be useful in the management of vascular disease.
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Vo NV, Sowa GA, Kang JD, Seidel C, Studer RK. Prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2α differentially modulate matrix metabolism of human nucleus pulposus cells. J Orthop Res 2010; 28:1259-66. [PMID: 20839316 PMCID: PMC4810446 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) actions on disc metabolism are unclear even though certain PGs are highly expressed by disc cells under inflammatory conditions and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used to block PG production to treat back pain. Hence this study aimed to (1) quantify gene expression of arachidonic acid cascade components responsible for PG synthesis and (2) examine the effects of key PGs on disc matrix homeostasis. Microarray analysis revealed that inflammatory stress increases expression of synthases and receptors for prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF(2α)), resulting in elevated PGE(2) and PGF(2α) production in conditioned media of disc cells. PGE(2) diminished disc cell proteoglycan synthesis, in a dose-dependent manner. Semiquantitative RT-PCR revealed differential effects of PGE(2) and PGF(2α) on disc cell expression of key matrix structural genes, aggrecan, versican, collagens type I and II. PGE(2) and PGF(2α) also decreased message for the anabolic factor, IGF-1. PGE(2) decreased mRNA expression for the anti-catabolic factor TIMP-1 while PGF(2α) increased mRNAs for catabolic factors MMP-1 and MMP-3. Thus, PGE(2) and PGF(2α) may have an overall negative impact on disc matrix homeostasis, and the use of NSAIDs may impact disc metabolism as well as treat back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam V. Vo
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gwendolyn A. Sowa
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - James D. Kang
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Rebecca K. Studer
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Ghosh D, Ghosh S, Sarkar S, Ghosh A, Das N, Das Saha K, Mandal AK. Quercetin in vesicular delivery systems: evaluation in combating arsenic-induced acute liver toxicity associated gene expression in rat model. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 186:61-71. [PMID: 20371363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic, the environmental toxicant causes oxidative damage to liver and produces hepatic fibrosis. The theme of our study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of liposomal and nanocapsulated herbal polyphenolic antioxidant quercetin (QC) in combating arsenic induced hepatic oxidative stress, fibrosis associated upregulation of its gene expression and plasma TGF beta (transforming growth factor beta) in rat model. A single dose of arsenic (sodium arsenite-NaAsO(2), 13 mg/kgb.wt) in oral route causes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), arsenic accumulation in liver, hepatotoxicity and decrease in hepatic plasma membrane microviscosity and antioxidant enzyme levels in liver. Arsenic causes fibrosis associated elevation of its gene expression in liver, plasma TGF ss (from normal value 75.2+/-8.67 ng/ml to 196.2+/-12.07 ng/ml) and release of cytochrome c in cytoplasm. Among the two vesicular delivery systems formulated with QC, polylactide nanocapsules showed a promising result compared to liposomal delivery system in controlling arsenic induced alteration of those parameters. A single dose of 0.5 ml of nanocapsulated QC suspension (QC 2.71 mg/kg b.wt) when injected to rats 1h after arsenic administration orally protects liver from arsenic induced deterioration of antioxidant levels as well as oxidative stress associated gene expression of liver. Histopathological examination also confirmed the pathological improvement in liver. Nanocapsulated plant origin flavonoidal compound may be a potent formulation in combating arsenic induced upregulation of gene expression of liver fibrosis through a complete protection against oxidative attack in hepatic cells of rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasree Ghosh
- Biomembrane Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, India.
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Kendall TJ, Hennedige S, Aucott RL, Hartland SN, Vernon MA, Benyon RC, Iredale JP. p75 Neurotrophin receptor signaling regulates hepatic myofibroblast proliferation and apoptosis in recovery from rodent liver fibrosis. Hepatology 2009; 49:901-10. [PMID: 19072833 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatic myofibroblast apoptosis is critical to resolution of liver fibrosis. We show that human hepatic myofibroblasts co-express p75(NTR) (p75 neurotrophin receptor) and sortilin, thus facilitating differential responses to mature and pro nerve growth factor (proNGF). Although mature NGF is proapoptotic, proNGF protects human hepatic myofibroblasts from apoptosis. Moreover, in recovery from experimental liver fibrosis, the decrease in proNGF parallels loss of hepatic myofibroblasts by apoptosis. Macrophage-derived matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) cleaves proNGF in a concentration-dependent manner, and its expression in the liver coincides with falling proNGF levels. To define the dominant effect of p75(NTR)-mediated events in experimental liver fibrosis, we have used a mouse lacking the p75(NTR) ligand-binding domain but expressing the intracellular domain. We show that absence of p75(NTR) ligand-mediated signals leads to significantly retarded architectural resolution and reduced hepatic myofibroblast loss by apoptosis. Lack of the ligand-competent p75(NTR) limits hepatocyte and oval cell proliferative capacity in vivo without preventing hepatic stellate cell transdifferentiation. CONCLUSION NGF species have a differential effect on hepatic myofibroblast survival. Our data suggest that cleavage of proNGF by MMP7 during the early phase of recovery from liver fibrosis alters the pro/mature NGF balance to facilitate hepatic myofibroblast loss. Whereas fibrosis develops in the absence of p75(NTR) signaling, the dominant effects of loss of p75(NTR) ligand-mediated events are the retardation of liver fibrosis resolution via regulation of hepatic myofibroblast proliferation and apoptosis, and the reduction of hepatocyte and oval cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Kendall
- Liver Group, University Division of Inflammation, Infection and Repair, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, Hants, United Kingdom
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Li CH, Pan LH, Yang ZW, Li CY, Xu WX. Preventive effect of Qianggan-Rongxian Decoction on rat liver fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:3569-73. [PMID: 18567088 PMCID: PMC2716622 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.3569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the preventive effects of Qianggan-Rongxian Decoction on liver fibrosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in rats.
METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into hepatic fibrosis model group, control group and 3 treatment groups (12 rats in each group). Except for the normal control group, all the rats received 1% DMN (10 &mgr;L/kg body weight, i.p), 3 times a week for 4 wk. The rats in the 3 treatment groups including a high-dose DMN group (10 mL/kg), a medium-dose DMN group (7 mL/kg), and a low-dose DMN group (4 mL/kg) were daily gavaged with Qianggan-Rongxian Decoction, and the rats in the model and normal control groups were given saline vehicle. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the changes in serum hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), and type IV collagen levels. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured using routine laboratory methods. Pathologic changes, particularly fibrosis, were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Sirius red staining. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) were examined by transmission electron microscopy.
RESULTS: Compared with the model control group, the serum levels of HA, LN, type IV collagen, ALT and AST were decreased markedly in the other groups after treatment with Qianggan-Rongxian Decoction, especially in the medium-dose DMN group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the area-density percentage of collagen fibrosis was lower in the Qianggan-Rongxian Decoction treatment groups than in the model group, and a more significant drop was observed in the medium-dose DMN group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Qianggan-Rongxian Decoction can inhibit hepatic fibrosis due to chronic liver injury, delay the development of cirrhosis, and notably ameliorate liver function. It may be used as a safe and effective thera-peutic drug for patients with fibrosis.
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Abstract
Kupffer cells, the resident liver macrophages have long been considered as mostly scavenger cells responsible for removing particulate material from the portal circulation. However, evidence derived mostly from animal models, indicates that Kupffer cells may be implicated in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases including viral hepatitis, steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, intrahepatic cholestasis, activation or rejection of the liver during liver transplantation and liver fibrosis. There is accumulating evidence, reviewed in this paper, suggesting that Kupffer cells may act both as effector cells in the destruction of hepatocytes by producing harmful soluble mediators as well as antigen presenting cells during viral infections of the liver. Moreover they may represent a significant source of chemoattractant molecules for cytotoxic CD8 and regulatory T cells. Their role in fibrosis is well established as they are one of the main sources of TGFβ1 production, which leads to the transformation of stellate cells into myofibroblasts. Whether all these variable functions in the liver are mediated by different Kupffer cell subpopulations remains to be evaluated. In this review we propose a model that demonstrates the role of Kupffer cells in the pathogenesis of liver disease.
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Mandal AK, Das S, Basu MK, Chakrabarti RN, Das N. Hepatoprotective activity of liposomal flavonoid against arsenite-induced liver fibrosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 320:994-1001. [PMID: 17138861 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.114215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic, the environmental metalloid toxicant, is known to induce oxidative damage to liver and produce hepatic fibrosis. The theme of our study was to optimize and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of galactosylated liposomal flavonoidal antioxidant, quercetin (QC), in combating arsenic-induced hepatic fibrogenesis. The rats of the hepatic damage group were injected s.c. a single dose of sodium arsenite (NaAsO(2)) (100.06 microM/kg b. wt. in 0.5 ml of physiological saline). Hepatocytes and stellate cells were separated. Mitochondrial membranes were isolated from all those separated cells. Oxidative damage was monitored at different isolated subcellular parts of different hepatic cells. Liver fibrosis was also induced by the injection of NaAsO(2). Galactosylated liposomal QC injection before NaAsO(2) treatment checked fibrogenesis completely by protecting the liver from oxidative attack in cellular and subcellular levels. The maximal protections from hepatocellular and fatty metamorphosis, necrosis, Kupffer cell hyperplasia, fibrosis, and in the deposition of collagen contents were observed and reconfirmed by our histopathological and histochemical analysis when rats were treated with galactosylated liposomal QC before NaAsO(2) injection. Application of galactosylated liposomal QC may be a potent therapeutic approach for NaAsO(2)-induced fibrogenesis through a complete protection against oxidative attack in cellular and subcellular parts of rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardhendu K Mandal
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Shi MN, Huang YH, Zheng WD, Zhang LJ, Chen ZX, Wang XZ. Relationship between transforming growth factor β1 and anti-fibrotic effect of interleukin-10. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:2357-62. [PMID: 16688825 PMCID: PMC4088070 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i15.2357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the effect of interleukin-10 (IL-10) on the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in hepatic fibrosis rats and the anti-fibrotic role of exo-genous IL-10.
METHODS: Hepatic fibrosis was induced by carbon tetrachloride administered (CCl4) intraperitoneally. The experiment was performed in two stages. In the first stage, 60 SD rats were divided randomly into normal control group 1(GN1, n = 8), hepatic fibrosis group(GC, n = 28)and IL-10 intervened group(GI, n = 24). At the beginning of the 7th and 11th wk, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were isolated, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reation (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry were performed to detect the expression of TGF-β1 in HSCs. Histological examination was used to determine the degree of hepatic fibrosis. In the second stage, 47 SD rats were divided randomly into normal control group 2(GN2, n = 6)and CCl4 group(GZ, n = 41). At the end of the 9th week, rats in GZ group were allocated randomly into model group(GM, n = 9), IL-10 treatment group(GT, n = 9)and recovered group(GR, n = 9). At the end of the 12th week, all rats were sacrificed. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the expression of TGF-β1 in liver tissue. ELISA was used to assay serum TGF-β1 levels.
RESULTS: Hepatic fibrosis developed in rats with the increase of the injection frequency of CCl4. In the first stage, hepatic fibrosis developed and HSCs were isolated successfully. At the 7th and 11th week, TGF-β1 mRNA in GC group increased significantly compared with that in GN1(P = 0.001/0.042)and GI groups(P = 0.001/0.007), whereas there was no significant difference between the two groups. The levels of TGF-β1 at the beginning of the 7th wk was higher than that of the 11th wk(P = 0.049). Immunocytochemistry results of TGF-β1 were consistent with the above findings. In the second stage, TGF-β1 increased significantly in GM group compared to GN2. After treatment with IL-10, TGF-β1 declined obviously. The expression of TGF-β1 decreased in GR group but was still higher than that in GT group.
CONCLUSION: The levels of TGF-β1 are increased in hepatic fibrosis rats and decreased after treatment with exogenous IL-10. IL-10 may play an anti-fibrotic role by suppressing TGF-β1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Na Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
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Li CH, Piao DM, Xu WX, Yin ZR, Jin JS, Shen ZS. Morphological and serum hyaluronic acid, laminin and type IV collagen changes in dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic fibrosis of rats. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 11:7620-4. [PMID: 16437688 PMCID: PMC4727238 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i48.7620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the morphological and serum hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), and type IV collagen changes in hepatic fibrosis of rats induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN). METHODS The rat model of liver fibrosis was induced by DMN. Serum HA, type IV collagen, and LN were measured by ELISA. The liver/weight index and morphological changes were examined under electron microscope on d 7, 14, 21, and 28 by immunohistochemical alpha smooth muscle actin alpha-SMA staining as well as Sirius-red and HE staining. RESULTS The levels of serum HA, type IV collagen and LN significantly increased from d 7 to d 28 (P = 0.043). The liver/weight index increased on d 7 and decreased on d 28. In the model group, the rat liver stained with HE and Sirius-red showed evident hemorrhage and necrosis in the central vein of hepatic 10 lobules on d 7. Thin fibrotic septa were formed joining central areas of the liver on d 14. The number of alpha-SMA positive cells was markedly increased in the model group. Transitional hepatic stellate cells were observed under electron microscope. All rats in the model group showed micronodular fibrosis in the hepatic parenchyma and a network of alpha-SMA positive cells. Typical myofibroblasts were embedded in the core of a fibrous septum. Compared to the control group, the area-density percentage of collagen fibrosis and pathologic grading were significantly different in the model group (P<0.05) on different d (7, 14, and 28). The area-density percentage of collagen fibrosis in hepatic tissue had a positive correlation with the levels of serum HA, LN, and type IV collagen. CONCLUSION The morphological and serum HA, type IV collagen, and LN are changed in DMN-induced liver fibrosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133000, Jilin Province, China
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Huang YH, Shi MN, Zheng WD, Zhang LJ, Chen ZX, Wang XZ. Therapeutic effect of interleukin-10 on CCl 4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:1386-91. [PMID: 16552806 PMCID: PMC4124315 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i9.1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the therapeutic effect of exogenous interleukin-10 on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats and its possible mechanisms.
METHODS: Fourty-seven SD rats were randomly divided into control group (group N) and CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis model group (group C). After CCl4 was given for 9 wk, the model group was divided into three groups. Rats in group M were put to death immediately, rats in group T were treated with IL-10 for another three wk and then put to death, rats in group R recovered after three weeks and were then killed. The degree of hepatic fibrosis was measured by HE staining and histological activity index (HAI). Histological activity index (HAI), change of collagen types I and III were measured by Picrosirius staining. The expression of TNF-α, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in liver tissue was measured by S-P immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: CCl4- induced experimental rat hepatic fibrosis model was established successfully. The degree of hepatic fibrosis was markedly lower in group T than in groups M and R, and there was no difference between the two groups. The expression of collagen types I and III was significantly suppressed in group T and was slightly suppressed in groups M and R. The positive levels of TNF-α, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in group M increased significantly compared to those in group N (P < 0.01). The positive signals decreased significantly in groups T and R (P < 0.01), but positive score was significantly lower in group T than in group R (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Exogenous IL-10 can reverse CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. IL-10 may exert its reversible effects on hepatic fibrosis by blocking CCl4-induced inflammation, inhibiting expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 and promoting resolution of collagen types I and III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
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Kaarteenaho-Wiik R, Lammi L, Lakari E, Kinnula VL, Risteli J, Ryhänen L, Pääkkö P. Localization of precursor proteins and mRNA of type I and III collagens in usual interstitial pneumonia and sarcoidosis. J Mol Histol 2006; 36:437-46. [PMID: 16521042 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-006-9018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2005] [Accepted: 02/03/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess and compare the accumulation and distribution of newly synthesized type I and III collagens in usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and pulmonary sarcoidosis. Lung biopsies from 10 patients with UIP and 13 patients with sarcoidosis were investigated by immunohistochemical technique and mRNA in situ hybridization. The antibodies for the aminoterminal propeptide of type I procollagen and the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PINP and PIIINP, respectively) were used. When compared to healthy lung, levels of type I pN- and type III pN-collagens were increased in both of these disorders. Type I procollagen was mostly present as intracellular spots in newly formed fibrosis in UIP while type III pN-collagen was expressed extracellularly underneath metaplastic alveolar epithelium. Type I procollagen was present intracellularly within and around the granulomas of sarcoidosis, whereas type III pN-collagen was expressed extracellularly, mainly around the granulomas. mRNAs of both collagens colocalized with the precursor proteins. We conclude that the expression of precursor proteins and mRNA of type I and type III collagens is increased in UIP and sarcoidosis, reflecting mainly active synthesis of these collagens in different areas of the lung.
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Hu QW, Liu GT. Effects of bicyclol on dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis in mice and its mechanism of action. Life Sci 2006; 79:606-12. [PMID: 16603200 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2005] [Revised: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the suppressive effect of bicyclol on hepatic fibrosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in mice and the mechanism of its action. Hepatic fibrosis was established by intraperitoneal injection of 8 mg kg(-1) day(-1) on three consecutive days of each week for 4 or 5 weeks. In the prophylactic experiment, bicyclol (100 and 200mg.kg(-1)) was administered by gavage in association with DMN injection. For the therapeutic experiment, mice were firstly injected with DMN for 5 weeks as in the prophylactic experiment, and then the mice in drug groups were orally administered bicyclol (100 and 200mg.kg(-1)) once daily for 5 weeks. As a result, the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, hydroxyproline (Hyp), prolidase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta(1)), type I collagen in serum and the score of liver fibrosis all significantly increased in the hepatic fibrosis model group in comparison with those in control group. The treatment with bicyclol markedly reduced all the above criteria. Bicyclol also attenuated the decrease of body weight of mice, serum total protein and albumin. In addition, bicyclol treatment inhibited liver TGFbeta(1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) mRNA expression in the prophylactic experiment. Similarly, bicyclol reduced TIMP-1 levels in liver and serum and increased collagenase activity in the liver in the therapeutic experiment. The result suggest that bicyclol attenuates DMN-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. Its mechanisms of action may be related to the hepatoprotective and anti-inflammation properties, the down-regulation of liver TGFbeta(1) and TIMP-1 expression and the increase of net collagenase activity in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, PR China
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Bandapalli OR, Geheeb M, Kobelt D, Kuehnle K, Elezkurtaj S, Herrmann J, Gressner AM, Weiskirchen R, Beule D, Blüthgen N, Herzel H, Franke C, Brand K. Global analysis of host tissue gene expression in the invasive front of colorectal liver metastases. Int J Cancer 2005; 118:74-89. [PMID: 16080196 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Host cell reactions are a crucial determinant for tumor invasion. We analyzed on a genomewide scale gene expression differences between microdissected tissues taken from unaffected liver tissue of a human colorectal tumor (LS174) growing in the livers of nude mice and tissue from the host part of the invasive front. Due to the low degree of interspecies cross-hybridization of 15% as determined on Affymetrix microarrays, our xenograft model allowed for the distinction of genes of murine versus human origin even if the respective tissues could not be isolated separately. Using the gene ontology (GO) classification, we were able to determine patterns of up- and downregulated genes in the liver part of the invasive front. We observed a pronounced overrepresentation, e.g., of the GO terms "extracellular matrix," "cell communication," "response to biotic stimulus," "structural molecule activity" and "cell growth," indicating a very pronounced host cell response to tumor invasion. On the single gene level, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation markers were overrepresented in the liver part of the invasion front. Immunohistochemistry and qPCR confirmed an activation of HSC as well as an increased number of HSC in the invasive front as compared to the noninvaded liver tissue. In summary, our data demonstrate the feasibility of an interspecies differential gene expression approach on a genomewide scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obul Reddy Bandapalli
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Tsukada S, Parsons CJ, Rippe RA. Mechanisms of liver fibrosis. Clin Chim Acta 2005; 364:33-60. [PMID: 16139830 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Revised: 06/07/2005] [Accepted: 06/08/2005] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis represents a significant health problem worldwide of which no acceptable therapy exists. The most characteristic feature of liver fibrosis is excess deposition of type I collagen. A great deal of research has been performed to understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of liver fibrosis. The activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) is the primary cell type responsible for the excess production of collagen. Following a fibrogenic stimulus, HSCs change from a quiescent to an activated, collagen-producing cell. Numerous changes in gene expression are associated with HSC activation including the induction of several intracellular signaling cascades, which help maintain the activated phenotype and control the fibrogenic and proliferative state of the cell. Detailed analyses in understanding the molecular basis of collagen gene regulation have revealed a complex process offering the opportunity for multiple potential therapeutic strategies. However, further research is still needed to gain a better understanding of HSC activation and how this cell maintains its fibrogenic nature. In this review we describe many of the molecular events that occur following HSC activation and collagen gene regulation that contribute to the fibrogenic nature of these cells and provide a review of therapeutic strategies to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Tsukada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7032, USA
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Cho MK, Lee GH, Park EY, Kim SG. Hyaluronic acid inhibits adhesion of hepatic stellate cells in spite of its stimulation of DNA synthesis. Tissue Cell 2005; 36:293-305. [PMID: 15385147 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2004.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2004] [Revised: 04/03/2004] [Accepted: 05/05/2004] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Unbalanced accumulation of fibers in extracellular matrix (ECM) results from attachment and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) during chronic liver diseases, in which the content of hyaluronic acid (HA), a glycosaminoglycan, in ECM changes. No information is available on the effect of HA on adhesion and activation of HSCs although that of collagen (Col) on HSCs was extensively studied. This study investigated the effects of HA with or without Col on adhesion of HSCs or the rate of DNA synthesis. Attachment of primary cultured HSCs was microscopically monitored in the plate simultaneously coated with HA or other ECM components. HA inhibited adhesion of quiescent HSCs at least up to 7 days after seeding, whereas HSCs were adherent to plastic or type I collagen (Col-I), type III collagen (Col-III), type IV collagen (Col-IV) or fibronectin. Both microscopy and alpha-smooth muscle actin immunocytochemistry revealed that the number of HSCs, which had been re-seeded after 15 days of culture, attached to HA-coated area was remarkably lower compared to that of HSCs on Col-I or plastic. Incorporation of HA into Col-I prevented adhesion of activated HSCs to matrix film. The number of HSCs adherent to HA at early times after seeding was minimal and significantly lower than that of the cells adherent to plastic. In contrast, either Col-I or Col-IV increased the number of adherent cells. Attachment of HSCs to plastic was inhibited by soluble HA in culture medium. CD44, the cell surface receptor to which HA binds, was immunochemically detected in HSCs. Adhesion of HSCs to plastic, HA or Col-I was not changed by anti-CD44 antibody. Either HA or Col increased the basal or platelet-derived growth factor-inducible rate of thymidine incorporation into DNA in HSCs. In conclusion, HA inhibits adhesion of quiescent or activated HSCs in spite of its stimulation of DNA synthesis, whereas Col increases HSC attachment and DNA synthesis, and inhibition of HSC adhesion by HA does not involve CD44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Cho
- National Research Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Sillim-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Nakamuta M, Kotoh K, Enjoji M, Nawata H. Effects of fibril- or fixed-collagen on matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 production in the human hepatocyte cell line HLE. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:2264-8. [PMID: 15818737 PMCID: PMC4305810 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i15.2264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) are central to the spontaneous resolution of liver fibrosis. The mechanisms involved have been investigated in hepatic stellate cells (HSC), but not in hepatocytes. We investigated the effects of fibril- and fixed-collagen on MMP-1 and TIMP-1 production in hepatocytes, using the HLE cell line.
METHODS: Fibril type I and IV collagen were prepared by HCl digestion of type I and IV collagen, respectively. For fixed-collagen, culture dishes were coated with fibril type I or IV collagen and fixed by ultraviolet. Type I collagenase activity was measured using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled type I collagen. MMP-1 and TIMP-1 in HLE cells were measured by a one-step sandwich enzyme immunoassay.
RESULTS: Both fibril type I and IV collagen significantly increased type I collagenase activity about two-fold compared with no fibril collagen. The effects of the fibril collagen were not affected by the coating condition. There was no significant difference in the effects on collagenase activity between cells cultured in medium containing fibril type I collagen and those cultured in the presence of type IV collagen. Both types of fibril collagen significantly increased MMP-1 production, and showed more than 10-fold higher levels of MMP-1 than the control. The enhanced MMP-1 production by fibril collagens was unaffected by the coating condition. By contrast, TIMP-1 production was not changed by the addition of fibril type I or IV collagen, and neither was it affected by the coating conditions. Coating with type I collagen significantly suppressed MMP-1 production by almost one-tenth compared with no coating. By contrast, TIMP-1 production was not affected by either the absence of a collagen coat or by increasing the concentration of the coating collagen.
CONCLUSION: These results indicated that, in HLE cells, fibril- and fixed-collagen have opposite effects on MMP-1 production without affecting TIMP production. Fibril collagen induced collagenase activity by up-regulation of MMP-1 production without affecting TIMP-1 production. By contrast, fixed collagen reduced MMP-1 production. Our results suggest that hepatocytes might also play an important role in the regulation of the hepatic fibrosis alongside HSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nakamuta
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Eikenes L, Bruland ØS, Brekken C, Davies CDL. Collagenase increases the transcapillary pressure gradient and improves the uptake and distribution of monoclonal antibodies in human osteosarcoma xenografts. Cancer Res 2004; 64:4768-73. [PMID: 15256445 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-1472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapy based on tumor-selective macromolecules may fail due to the elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) that reduces the transvascular and interstitial convection in solid tumors. Modulation of the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) may reduce IFP and enhance transvascular filtration and interstitial transport of macromolecules. We therefore measured the effect of the ECM-degrading enzyme collagenase on IFP and microvascular pressure (MVP) in human osteosarcoma xenografts using the wick-in-needle and micropipette methods, respectively. The tumor uptake and distribution of a systemically administered osteosarcoma-associated monoclonal antibody (TP-3) after i.v. injection of collagenase were analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Collagenase (0.1%) reduced both IFP (45%) and MVP (60%), but the kinetics of the recoveries differed, because MVP had recovered by the time IFP reached its minimum level. Thus, collagenase increased the transcapillary pressure gradient, inducing a 2-fold increase in the tumor uptake and improving the distribution of the monoclonal antibody, which was localized further into the tumor. To study the mechanism of the reduction in MVP, mean arterial blood pressure was measured and found not to be affected by the collagenase treatment. The reduction in MVP was rather due to reduced vascular resistance because microvascular-associated collagen was totally or partially disintegrated. Although collagenase may favor metastasis and thus not be clinically relevant, this study shows proof of principle that degradation of the ECM leads to a favorable change in the transvascular pressure gradient, thereby increasing antibody penetration and binding to tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Live Eikenes
- Department of Physics and Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Xu JW, Gong J, Feng XL, Chang XM, Luo JY, Dong L, Jia A, Xu GP. Effects of estradiol on type I, III collagens and TGF β 1 in hepatic fibrosis in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11:1185-1188. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v11.i8.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the effects of estradiol on the production of collagen I, III and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF β1) in experimental fibrosis in rats induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCL4), and to investigate the suppressive effects of estrogen on liver fibrosis.
METHODS Rats were randomly allocated into a normal control group, a model control group, a therapy control group and an estradiol group. Liver fibrosis was induced by CCL4 administration. The estradiol group, apart from the administration of CCL4, was treated subcutaneously with estradiol (benzoic estradiol) 1 mg/kg twice weekly. At the end of week 8, all the rats were sacrificed. Liver inflammation and collagen deposition were observed with HE and Masson's collagen stains, analyzed with scoring and staging systems. Type I, III collagens and TGF β1 were observed with immunohistochemical method.
RESULTS CCL4 group had the typical liver fibrosis compared with normal control group. The fibrous septa were formed in CCL4 group rats, and collagens were accumulated and deposited in the sinusoids and liver lobules. The expression of type I , III collagens (0.58±0.26 vs 6.34±2.24, 1.07±0.49 vs 5.28±1.28, P<0.001) and TGF β1 was significantly increased. Estradiol significantly attenuated collagen accumulation (P<0.05) in the fibrotic livers, and decreased type I , III collagens (2.47±0.76 vs 6.34±2.24, 3.02±1.20 vs 5.28±1.28, P<0.05) and TGF β1 expression in the liver.
CONCLUSION Estradiol treatment reduces the synthesis of hepatic type I , III collagens and TGF β1 in the fibrotic liver induced by CCL4 administration, and attenuates hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710031, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin-Li Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin-Ming Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jin-Yan Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710031, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710031, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ai Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Gui-Ping Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
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Wu XL, Zeng WZ, Wang PL, Lei CT, Jiang MD, Chen XB, Zhang Y, Xu H, Wang Z. Effect of compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor on CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis in rats and its probable molecular mechanisms. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:1559-62. [PMID: 12854163 PMCID: PMC4615504 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i7.1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the anti-fibrotic effect of a traditional Chinese medicine, compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats and its probable molecular mechanisms.
METHODS: Ninety healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal group (n = 10), treatment group of compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor (n = 40) and CCl4-induced model group (n = 40). The liver fibrosis was induced by CCl4 subcutaneous injection. Treatment group was administered with compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor (0.5 g/kg) once a day at the same time. Then the activities of several serum fibrosis-associated enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (β-NAG) and the levels of serum procollagen III (PC III), collagen IV (C IV), hyaluronic acid (HA) were assayed. The histopathological changes were observed with HE, VG and Masson stain. The expression of TGF-β1 mRNA, α1 (I) mRNA and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in situ.
RESULTS: Compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor significantly reduced serum activities of ALT, AST, β-NAG and decreased the levels of PC III, C IV, HA, improved the liver histopathological changes, inhibited the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA, α(I) mRNA and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger mRNA in rats.
CONCLUSION: Compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor can intervene in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats, in which potential mechanisms may be decreasing the production of TGF-β1, reducing the production of collagen, preventing the activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) and inhibiting the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA, α1(I) mRNA and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences, China
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Zeng WZ, Wu XL, Jiang MD, Deng GY, Chen XB, Zhang Y, Qin JP, Xu H. Protective effects of Rhodiola sachalinesis A Bor on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11:975-978. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v11.i7.975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the protective effects of Rhodiola schalinensis A Bor on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis.
METHODS: Male SD rats were divided into 3 groups: normal(N), Rhodiola sachalinesis A Bor(R) and model(M) group. The M and R group were given 300 ml/L CCl4(3ml/kg, 2 times/week) for 15 weeks and Rhodiola sachalinesis A Bor (0.5g/kg, p.o., daily for 15 weeks) was administered to rats of R group. Histopathological changes were examined. The changes of hepatic content of hydroxyproline and expression of α1(Ⅰ)mRNA were observed.
RESULTS Rhodiola sachalinesis A Bor decreased the hepatic content of hydroxyproline (657±74 μg/g vs 1 257±98 μg/g, P<0.05) and severity of hepatic fibrosis, improved the liver histopathological changes and inhibited the expression of α1(Ⅰ) mRNA and decreased the level of HA, CⅣ, PCⅢ and TGFβ1 (164±46 μg/L, 97±15 μg/L, 289±76 μg/L, 60±20 mg/L vs 265±98 μg/L, 160±30 μg/L, 456±113 μg/L, 89±23 mg/L. P<0.05, P<0.01).
CONCLUSION Rhodiola sachalinesis A Bor is effective in protecting against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats, its machenisms appear to be associated with the inhibition of collagen production and protection of hepatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zheng Zeng
- Xiao -Bin Chen, Yong Zhang, Jian-Ping Qin, Hui Xu, General Hospital of Chengdu Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Wu
- ChongqingUniversityof Medical Science, Chongqing400016 China
| | - Ming-De Jiang
- Xiao -Bin Chen, Yong Zhang, Jian-Ping Qin, Hui Xu, General Hospital of Chengdu Command, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Gui-Ying Deng
- The Sixth Hospitalof Chengdu, Chengdu610051, Sichuan Province, China
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Zhang L, Yang Z, Shi BM, Li DP, Fang CY, Qiu FZ. Expression of local renin and angiotensinogen mRNA in cirrhotic portal hypertensive patient. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:1584-8. [PMID: 12854169 PMCID: PMC4615510 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i7.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of local renin and angiotensinogen mRNA in cirrhotic portal hypertensive patients.
METHODS: The expression of local renin and angiotensinogen mRNA in the liver, splenic artery and vein of PH patients was detected by RT-PCR analysis.
RESULTS: Expression of local renin mRNA in the liver of control group was (0.19 ± 0.11), significantly lower than that in splenic artery(0.45 ± 0.17)or splenic vein(0.39 ± 0.12) respectively, (P < 0.05). Expression of local angiotensinogen mRNA in the liver was (0.64 ± 0.21), significantly higher than that in splenic artery(0.41 ± 0.15) or in splenic vein (0.35 ± 0.18) respectively, (P < 0.05). Expression of local renin mRNA in the liver, splenic artery and vein of PH group was (0.78 ± 0.28), (0.86 ± 0.35) and (0.81 ± 0.22) respectively, significantly higher than that in the control group, (P < 0.05). Expression of local angiotensinogen mRNA in the liver, splenic artery and vein of PH group was (0.96 ± 0.25), (0.83 ± 0.18) and (0.79 ± 0.23) respectively, significantly higher than that in the control group, (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the liver, splenic artery and vein in the expression of local renin or local angiotensinogen mRNA in PH group, (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: In normal subjects the expression of local renin and angiotensinogen mRNA was organ specific, but with increase of the expression of LRAS, the organ-specificity became lost in cirrhotic patients. LRAS may contribute to increased resistance of portal vein with liver and formation of splanchnic vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China.
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Wang ZR, Chen XM, Li DG, Wei HS, Huang X, Zhan YT, Lu HM. Suppression of expression extracellular matrix in hepatic fibrosis rat with tetrandrine and glycyrrhizinic acid. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11:970-974. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v11.i7.970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate effects and mechanism of tetrandrine(Tet) and glycyrrhizinic acid(Glz) in combination on metabolism of extracellular matrix in hepatic fibrotic rats induced by carbon tetrachloride.
METHODS The hepatic fibrosis model rats induced with carbon tetrachloride were grouped randomly into 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg Tet, 5 mg/kgTet+50 mg/kgGlz, 10 mg/kgTet+50 mg/kgGlz, 20 mg/kgTet+50 mg/kgGlz and 50 mg/kgGlz groups. Rats in experimental groups were administrated with Tet and or Glz by gavage or peritoneal injection every day. Serum levels of HA, LN, and PIIIP were detected with radioimmunoassay. Histopathological change was examined with VG staining and observed under light-microscope. mRNA of collagen type I and III were evaluated by RT-PCR.
RESULTS In comparison with model group, Tet and Glz in combination could markedly decrease serum levels of HA, LN and PIIIP(121.8±9.5 vs 58.4±7.6, 85.7±12.1 vs 46.2±7.3, 35.9±3.5 vs 23.5±2.9; P<0.05), and suppress the expressions of type I, III procollagen mRNA(0.53±0.07 vs 0.26±0.09, 0.47±0.05 vs 0.21±0.07; P<0.05), and reduce deposition of extracellular matrix. Compared with Tet (10mg/kg)only group, Tet with Glz in combination could markedly reduced the serum levels of HA, LN and PIIIP(69.2±11.1 vs 58.4±7.6; 52.3±6.7 vs 46.2±7.3; 29.9±3.2 vs 23.5±2.9; P<0.05), and inhibit the expression of type I, III procollagen mRNA(0.33±0.06 vs 0.26±0.09, 0.29±0.04 vs 0.21±0.07; P<0.05).
CONCLUSION Tet and Glz in combination could inhibit expression and deposition of extracellular matrix in fibrotic rats more significantly than either Tet or Glz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Rong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Rd. Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Xi-Mei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Rd. Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Ding-Guo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Rd. Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Hong-Shan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Rd. Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Rd. Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yu-Tao Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Rd. Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Han-Ming Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Rd. Shanghai 200065, China
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Liu QH, Li DG, Huang X, You HN, Pan Q, Xu LM, Xu QF, Lu HM. Effect of Activin on extracelluar matrix secretion in isolated rat hepatic stellate cell. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11:745-748. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v11.i6.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of activin A on the extracelluar matrix secretion of rat hepatic stellate cell.
METHODS Hepatic stellate cells were isolated and purified from normal male Sprague-Dawley rat liver by a combination of pronase-collagenase perfusion and density gradient centrifugation. Passaged hepatic stellate cells were divided randomly into eight groups: control group(A group), ACTA 1 μg/L group (B group), ACTA 10 μg/L group(C group), ACTA 100 μg/L group (D group), TGF β1 10 μg/L group(E group), TGF β1 10 μg/L plus ACTA 1 μg/L group(F group), TGF β1 10 μg/L plus ACTA 10 μg/L group(G group), TGF β1 10 μg/L plus ACTA 100 μg/L group(H group). 24 h after incubation secretion of procollagen Ⅲ, collagen Ⅳ and mRNA of collagen Ⅲ in hepatic stellate cells were detected by radioimmunoassays and semi-quantitative RT-PCR method respectively.
RESULTS Extracellular matrix secretion in passaged hepatic stellate cells was enhanced by activin A according to its concentration, the capacity of extracellular matrix secretion by 100 μg/L activin A was equal to that of 10 μg/L TGF β1, extracellular matrix secretion and type Ⅲ collagen mRNA expression in passaged hepatic stellate cells was enhanced by activin A and TGFβ1 in a synergistic manner.
CONCLUSION Activin A may contribute to hepatic fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology of Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ding-Guo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology of Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology of Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Han-Ning You
- Department of Gastroenterology of Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qin Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology of Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei-Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology of Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qin-Fang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology of Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Han-Ming Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology of Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Wang XZ, Chen ZX, Zhang LJ, Chen YX, Li D, Chen FL, Huang YH. Expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and its intervention by interleukin-10 in experimental hepatic fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:1287-91. [PMID: 12800242 PMCID: PMC4611802 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i6.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2002] [Revised: 02/04/2003] [Accepted: 02/11/2003] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the expression of IGF-1 and IGF-1R and its intervention by interleukin-10 in the course of experimental hepatic fibrosis. METHODS Hepatic fibrosis was induced in rats by carbon tetrachloride intoxication and liver specimens were taken from the rats administered CCl4 with or without IL-10 treatment and the animals of the control group. Immunoreactivities for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor(IGF-1R) were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, and their intensities were evaluated in different animal groups. RESULTS The positive levels for IGF-1 and IGF-1R were increased with the development of hepatic fibrosis, with the positive signals localized in cytoplasm and/or at the plasmic membrane of hepatocytes. The positive signals of IGF-1 and IGF-1R were observed more frequently (P<0.01) in the CCl4-treated group (92.0 % and 90.0 %) compared to those in the control group. The positive signals decreased significantly (P<0.05) in IL-10-treated group. The responses in IGF-1 and IGF-1R expression correlated with the time of IL-10 treatment. CONCLUSION The expression of IGF-1 and IGF-1R immunoreactivities in liver tissue seems to be up-regulated during development of hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl(4), and exogenic IL-10 inhibits the responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, China.
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Lin JS, Song YH, Kong XJ, Li B, Liu NZ, Wu XL, Jin YX. Preparation and identification of anti-transforming growth factor β1 U1 small nuclear RNA chimeric ribozyme in vitro. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:572-7. [PMID: 12632521 PMCID: PMC4621585 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i3.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the preparation and cleavage activity of anti-transforming growth factor (TGF)β1 U1 small nuclear (sn) RNA chimeric hammerhead ribozymes in vitro.
METHODS: TGFβ1 partial gene fragment was cloned into T-vector at the downstream of T7 promoter. 32p-labeled TGFβ1 partial transcripts as target RNA were transcribed in vitro and purified by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Anti-TGFβ1 ribozymes were designed by computer, then synthetic ribozyme fragments were cloned into the U1 ribozyme vector pZeoU1EcoSpe containing U1 snRNA promoter/enhancer and terminator. 32p-labeled U1 snRNA chimeric ribozyme transcripts were gel-purified, incubated with target-RNAs at different conditions and autoradiographed after running denaturing PAGE.
RESULTS: Active U1snRNA chimeric ribozyme (U1Rz803) had the best cleavage activity at 50 °C; at 37 °C, it was active, Km = 34.48 nmol/L, Kcat = 0.14 min-1; while the point mutant ribozyme U1Rz803m had no cleavage activity, so these indicated the design of U1Rz803 was correct.
CONCLUSION: U1Rz803 prepared in this study possessed the perfect specific catalytic cleavage activity. These results indicate U1 snRNA chimeric ribozyme U1Rz803 may suppress the expression of TGFβ1 in vivo, therefore it may provide a new avenue for the treatment of liver fibrosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Sheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031,China
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