1
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Torbati ME, Minhas DS, Laymon CM, Maillard P, Wilson JD, Chen CL, Crainiceanu CM, DeCarli CS, Hwang SJ, Tudorascu DL. MISPEL: A supervised deep learning harmonization method for multi-scanner neuroimaging data. Med Image Anal 2023; 89:102926. [PMID: 37595405 PMCID: PMC10529705 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2023.102926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale data obtained from aggregation of already collected multi-site neuroimaging datasets has brought benefits such as higher statistical power, reliability, and robustness to the studies. Despite these promises from growth in sample size, substantial technical variability stemming from differences in scanner specifications exists in the aggregated data and could inadvertently bias any downstream analyses on it. Such a challenge calls for data normalization and/or harmonization frameworks, in addition to comprehensive criteria to estimate the scanner-related variability and evaluate the harmonization frameworks. In this study, we propose MISPEL (Multi-scanner Image harmonization via Structure Preserving Embedding Learning), a supervised multi-scanner harmonization method that is naturally extendable to more than two scanners. We also designed a set of criteria to investigate the scanner-related technical variability and evaluate the harmonization techniques. As an essential requirement of our criteria, we introduced a multi-scanner matched dataset of 3T T1 images across four scanners, which, to the best of our knowledge is one of the few datasets of this kind. We also investigated our evaluations using two popular segmentation frameworks: FSL and segmentation in statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Lastly, we compared MISPEL to popular methods of normalization and harmonization, namely White Stripe, RAVEL, and CALAMITI. MISPEL outperformed these methods and is promising for many other neuroimaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davneet S Minhas
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Charles M Laymon
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Pauline Maillard
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95816, USA
| | - James D Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Chang-Le Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ciprian M Crainiceanu
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Charles S DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95816, USA
| | - Seong Jae Hwang
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dana L Tudorascu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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2
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Delfin C. Improving the stability of bivariate correlations using informative Bayesian priors: a Monte Carlo simulation study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1253452. [PMID: 37744589 PMCID: PMC10517051 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1253452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Much of psychological research has suffered from small sample sizes and low statistical power, resulting in unstable parameter estimates. The Bayesian approach offers a promising solution by incorporating prior knowledge into statistical models, which may lead to improved stability compared to a frequentist approach. Methods Simulated data from four populations with known bivariate correlations (ρ = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) was used to estimate the sample correlation as samples were sequentially added from the population, from n = 10 to n = 500. The impact of three different, subjectively defined prior distributions (weakly, moderately, and highly informative) was investigated and compared to a frequentist model. Results The results show that bivariate correlation estimates are unstable, and that the risk of obtaining an estimate that is exaggerated or in the wrong direction is relatively high, for sample sizes for below 100, and considerably so for sample sizes below 50. However, this instability can be constrained by informative Bayesian priors. Conclusion Informative Bayesian priors have the potential to significantly reduce sample size requirements and help ensure that obtained estimates are in line with realistic expectations. The combined stabilizing and regularizing effect of a weakly informative prior is particularly useful when conducting research with small samples. The impact of more informative Bayesian priors depends on one's threshold for probability and whether one's goal is to obtain an estimate merely in the correct direction, or to obtain a high precision estimate whose associated interval falls within a narrow range. Implications for sample size requirements and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Delfin
- Lund Clinical Research on Externalizing and Developmental Psychopathology (LU-CRED), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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3
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Sassenberg TA, Burton PC, Mwilambwe-Tshilobo L, Jung RE, Rustichini A, Spreng RN, DeYoung CG. Conscientiousness associated with efficiency of the salience/ventral attention network: Replication in three samples using individualized parcellation. Neuroimage 2023; 272:120081. [PMID: 37011715 PMCID: PMC10132286 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Conscientiousness, and related constructs impulsivity and self-control, have been related to structural and functional properties of regions in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and anterior insula. Network-based conceptions of brain function suggest that these regions belong to a single large-scale network, labeled the salience/ventral attention network (SVAN). The current study tested associations between conscientiousness and resting-state functional connectivity in this network using two community samples (N's = 244 and 239) and data from the Human Connectome Project (N = 1000). Individualized parcellation was used to improve functional localization accuracy and facilitate replication. Functional connectivity was measured using an index of network efficiency, a graph theoretical measure quantifying the capacity for parallel information transfer within a network. Efficiency of a set of parcels in the SVAN was significantly associated with conscientiousness in all samples. Findings are consistent with a theory of conscientiousness as a function of variation in neural networks underlying effective prioritization of goals.
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4
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Lin J, Li L, Pan N, Liu X, Zhang X, Suo X, Kemp GJ, Wang S, Gong Q. Neural correlates of neuroticism: A coordinate-based meta-analysis of resting-state functional brain imaging studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 146:105055. [PMID: 36681370 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Neuroticism is one of the most robust higher-order personality traits associated with negative emotionality and risk of mental disorders. Many studies have investigated relationships between neuroticism and the brain, but the results have been inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis of whole-brain resting-state functional neuroimaging studies to identify the most stable neurofunctional substrates of neuroticism. We found stable significant positive correlations between neuroticism and resting-state brain activity in the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG), left striatum, and right hippocampus. In contrast, resting-state brain activity in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and right supramarginal gyrus (SMG) was negatively associated with neuroticism. Additionally, meta-regression analysis revealed brain regions in which sex and age moderated the link of spontaneous activity with neuroticism. This is the first study to provide a comprehensive understanding of resting-state brain activity correlates of neuroticism, and the findings may be useful for the targeting of specific brain regions for interventions to decrease the risks of mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Lin
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Nanfang Pan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiqin Liu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueling Suo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Graham J Kemp
- Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, China
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5
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The relationship between brain neural correlates, self-objectification, and interoceptive sensibility. Behav Brain Res 2023; 439:114227. [PMID: 36436730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Interoceptive sensibility refers to the tendency to focus on internal bodily states and the capacity to detect them. As the subjective dimension of interoception, interoceptive sensibility plays a key role in individuals' health. Self-objectification, a process by which individuals tend to adopt a third-person's perspective of their physical self, leads to decreased interoceptive sensibility. However, few studies regarding the neural basis of interoceptive sensibility and the underlying mechanism of the relationship between self-objectification and interoceptive sensibility have been conducted. In this study, we assessed the resting-state brain activity (fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, fALFF) and connectivity (resting-state functional connectivity, RSFC) of 442 college students. Whole-brain correlation analyses revealed that a higher level of interoceptive sensibility was linked to higher fALFF in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and left cerebellum and to lower fALFF in the left paracentral lobule and left superior/middle temporal gyrus. Interoceptive sensibility also was negatively associated with the RSFC between the right IFG and the right secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) and the right IFG and the ventral premotor cortex (VPC). These brain regions and connections are mainly responsible for switching attention to internal/external information and processing body-related somatosensory as well as sensory information. Mediation analyses suggested that the fALFF of the right IFG and the RSFC of IFG-S2 and IFG-VPC mediated the relationship between self-objectification and interoceptive sensibility. Overall, these results suggest that the IFG may be the neural marker of interoceptive sensibility and reveal several potential mediation models of the relationship between brain neural correlates and self-objectification and interoceptive sensibility.
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6
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No trait anxiety influences on early and late differential neuronal responses to aversively conditioned faces across three different tasks. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE, & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:1157-1171. [PMID: 35352267 PMCID: PMC9458573 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-00998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe human brain's ability to quickly detect dangerous stimuli is crucial in selecting appropriate responses to possible threats. Trait anxiety has been suggested to moderate these processes on certain processing stages. To dissociate such different information-processing stages, research using classical conditioning has begun to examine event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to fear-conditioned (CS +) faces. However, the impact of trait anxiety on ERPs to fear-conditioned faces depending on specific task conditions is unknown. In this preregistered study, we measured ERPs to faces paired with aversive loud screams (CS +) or neutral sounds (CS −) in a large sample (N = 80) under three different task conditions. Participants had to discriminate face-irrelevant perceptual information, the gender of the faces, or the CS category. Results showed larger amplitudes in response to aversively conditioned faces for all examined ERPs, whereas interactions with the attended feature occurred for the P1 and the early posterior negativity (EPN). For the P1, larger CS + effects were observed during the perceptual distraction task, while the EPN was increased for CS + faces when deciding about the CS association. Remarkably, we found no significant correlations between ERPs and trait anxiety. Thus, fear-conditioning potentiates all ERP amplitudes, some processing stages being further modulated by the task. However, the finding that these ERP differences were not affected by individual differences in trait anxiety does not support theoretical accounts assuming increased threat processing or reduced threat discrimination depending on trait anxiety.
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7
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Schindler S, Richter TS, Bruchmann M, Busch NA, Straube T. Effects of task load, spatial attention, and trait anxiety on neuronal responses to fearful and neutral faces. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14114. [PMID: 35652518 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is an ongoing debate on how different components of the event-related potential (ERP) to threat-related facial expressions are modulated by attentional conditions and interindividual differences in trait anxiety. In the current study (N = 80), we examined ERPs to centrally presented, task-irrelevant fearful and neutral faces, while participants had to solve a face-unrelated visual task, which differed in difficulty and spatial position. Critically, we used a fixation-controlled experimental design and ensured the spatial attention manipulation by spectral analysis of the EEG. Besides the factors emotion, spatial attention, and perceptual load, we also investigated correlations between trait anxiety and ERPs. While P1 emotion effects were insignificant, the N170 was increased to fearful faces regardless of load and spatial attention conditions. During the EPN time window, a significantly increased negativity for fearful faces was observed only during low load and spatial attention to the face. We found no significant relationship between ERPs and trait anxiety, questioning the hypothesis of a general hypersensitivity toward fearful expressions in anxious individuals. These results show a high resistance of the N170 amplitude increase for fearful faces to spatial attention and task load manipulations. By contrast, the EPN modulation by fearful faces index a resource-dependent stage of the ERP, requiring both spatial attention at the location of faces and low load of the face-irrelevant task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schindler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Theresa Sofie Richter
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bruchmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Niko A Busch
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Psychology, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
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8
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Spreng RN, Setton R, Alter U, Cassidy BN, Darboh B, DuPre E, Kantarovich K, Lockrow AW, Mwilambwe-Tshilobo L, Luh WM, Kundu P, Turner GR. Neurocognitive aging data release with behavioral, structural and multi-echo functional MRI measures. Sci Data 2022; 9:119. [PMID: 35351925 PMCID: PMC8964687 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Central to understanding human behavior is a comprehensive mapping of brain-behavior relations within the context of lifespan development. Reproducible discoveries depend upon well-powered samples of reliable data. We provide to the scientific community two, 10-minute, multi-echo functional MRI (ME-fMRI) runs, and structural MRI (T1-MPRAGE), from 181 healthy younger (ages 18-34 y) and 120 older adults (ages 60-89 y). T2-FLAIR MRIs and behavioral assessments are available in a majority subset of over 250 participants. Behavioral assessments include fluid and crystallized cognition, self-reported measures of personality, and socioemotional functioning. Initial quality control and validation of these data is provided. This dataset will be of value to scientists interested in BOLD signal specifically isolated from ME-fMRI, individual differences in brain-behavioral associations, and cross-sectional aging effects in healthy adults. Demographic and behavioral data are available within the Open Science Framework project "Goal-Directed Cognition in Older and Younger Adults" ( http://osf.io/yhzxe/ ), which will be augmented over time; neuroimaging data are available on OpenNeuro ( https://openneuro.org/datasets/ds003592 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nathan Spreng
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada.
| | - Roni Setton
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Udi Alter
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Bri Darboh
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth DuPre
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Amber W Lockrow
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laetitia Mwilambwe-Tshilobo
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wen-Ming Luh
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Prantik Kundu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gary R Turner
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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9
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Knowing Who You Are: Neural Correlates of Self-concept Clarity and Happiness. Neuroscience 2022; 490:264-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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10
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Setton R, Lockrow AW, Turner GR, Spreng RN. Troubled past: A critical psychometric assessment of the self-report Survey of Autobiographical Memory (SAM). Behav Res Methods 2022; 54:261-286. [PMID: 34159511 PMCID: PMC8692492 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-021-01604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Survey of Autobiographical Memory (SAM) was designed as an easy-to-administer measure of self-perceived autobiographical memory (AM) recollection capacity. We provide a comprehensive psychometric evaluation of the SAM in younger and older adults. First, we evaluated the reliability of the SAM as a measure of self-perceived recollective capacity. Next, we tested whether the SAM was a valid measure of episodic and autobiographical memory performance, as assessed with widely used performance-based measures. Finally, we investigated associations between the SAM, cognitive measures and self-reported assessments of psychological functioning. The SAM demonstrated reliability as a self-report measure of perceived recollective capacity. High internal consistency was observed across subscales, with the exception of SAM-semantic. Evidence for independence among the subscales was mixed: SAM-episodic and SAM-semantic items showed poor correspondence with respective subscales. Good correspondence was observed between the future and spatial items and their SAM subscales. The SAM showed limited associations with AM performance as measured by the Autobiographical Interview (AI), yet was broadly associated with self-reported AI event vividness. SAM scores were weakly associated with performance-based memory measures and were age-invariant, inconsistent with known age effects on declarative memory. Converging evidence indicated that SAM-episodic and SAM-semantic subscales are not independent and should not be interpreted as specific measures of episodic or semantic memory. The SAM was robustly associated with self-efficacy, suggesting an association with confidence in domain general self-report abilities. We urge caution in the use and interpretation of the SAM as a measure of AM, pending revision and further psychometric validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Setton
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University St., Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Amber W Lockrow
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University St., Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Gary R Turner
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Nathan Spreng
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University St., Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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11
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Schlüter C, Fraenz C, Friedrich P, Güntürkün O, Genç E. Neurite density imaging in amygdala nuclei reveals interindividual differences in neuroticism. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:2051-2063. [PMID: 35049113 PMCID: PMC8933246 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroticism is known to have significant health implications. While previous research revealed that interindividual differences in the amygdala function are associated with interindividual differences in neuroticism, the impact of the amygdala’s structure and especially microstructure on variations in neuroticism remains unclear. Here, we present the first study using NODDI to examine the association between the in vivo microstructural architecture of the amygdala and neuroticism at the level of neurites. We, therefore, acquired brain images from 221 healthy participants using advanced multi‐shell diffusion‐weighted imaging. Because the amygdala comprises several nuclei, we, moreover, used a high‐resolution T1 image to automatically segment the amygdala into eight different nuclei. Neuroticism and its facets have been assessed using the NEO‐PI‐R. Finally, we associated neuroticism and its facets with the volume and microstructure of the amygdala nuclei. Statistical analysis revealed that lower neurite density in the lateral amygdala nucleus (La) was significantly associated with higher scores in depression, one of the six neuroticism facets. The La is the sensory relay of the amygdala, filtering incoming information based on previous experiences. Reduced neurite density and related changes in the dendritic structure of the La could impair its filtering function. This again might cause harmless sensory information to be misevaluated as threatening and lead to the altered amygdala responsivity as reported in previous studies investigating the functional correlates of neuroticism and neuroticism‐related disorders like depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Schlüter
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraenz
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patrick Friedrich
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Erhan Genç
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
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12
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Scan Once, Analyse Many: Using Large Open-Access Neuroimaging Datasets to Understand the Brain. Neuroinformatics 2022; 20:109-137. [PMID: 33974213 PMCID: PMC8111663 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-021-09519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We are now in a time of readily available brain imaging data. Not only are researchers now sharing data more than ever before, but additionally large-scale data collecting initiatives are underway with the vision that many future researchers will use the data for secondary analyses. Here I provide an overview of available datasets and some example use cases. Example use cases include examining individual differences, more robust findings, reproducibility-both in public input data and availability as a replication sample, and methods development. I further discuss a variety of considerations associated with using existing data and the opportunities associated with large datasets. Suggestions for further readings on general neuroimaging and topic-specific discussions are also provided.
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13
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DeYoung CG, Beaty RE, Genç E, Latzman RD, Passamonti L, Servaas MN, Shackman AJ, Smillie LD, Spreng RN, Viding E, Wacker J. Personality Neuroscience: An Emerging Field with Bright Prospects. PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2022; 3:e7269. [PMID: 36250039 PMCID: PMC9561792 DOI: 10.5964/ps.7269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Personality neuroscience is the study of persistent psychological individual differences, typically in the general population, using neuroscientific methods. It has the potential to shed light on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying individual differences and their manifestation in ongoing behavior and experience. The field was inaugurated many decades ago, yet has only really gained momentum in the last two, as suitable technologies have become widely available. Personality neuroscience employs a broad range of methods, including molecular genetics, pharmacological assays or manipulations, electroencephalography, and various neuroimaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. Although exciting progress is being made in this young field, much remains unknown. In this brief review, we discuss discoveries that have been made, methodological challenges and advances, and important questions that remain to be answered. We also discuss best practices for personality neuroscience research and promising future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin G. DeYoung
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA,Address correspondence to: Colin DeYoung, Department of Psychology, 75 East River Rd., Minneapolis, MN USA.
| | | | - Erhan Genç
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Luca Passamonti
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Michelle N. Servaas
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Wang S, Zhao Y, Wang X, Yang X, Cheng B, Pan N, Suo X, Gong Q. Emotional intelligence mediates the association between middle temporal gyrus gray matter volume and social anxiety in late adolescence. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:1857-1869. [PMID: 33011842 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01651-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As a common mental health problem, social anxiety refers to the fear and avoidance of interacting in social or performance situations, which plays a crucial role in many health and social problems. Although a growing body of studies has explored the neuroanatomical alterations related to social anxiety in clinical patients, far fewer have examined the association between social anxiety and brain morphology in the general population, which may help us understand the neural underpinnings of social anxiety more comprehensively. Here, utilizing a voxel-based morphometry approach via structural magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated brain gray matter correlates of social anxiety in 231 recent graduates of the same high school grade. We found that social anxiety was positively associated with gray matter volume in the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG), which is a core brain area for cognitive processing of emotions and feelings. Critically, emotional intelligence mediated the impact of right MTG volume on social anxiety. Notably, our results persisted even when controlling for the effects of general anxiety and depression. Altogether, our research reveals right MTG gray matter volume as a neurostructural correlate of social anxiety in a general sample of adolescents and suggests a potential indirect effect of emotional intelligence on the association between gray matter volume and social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- School of Education and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Yang
- School of Public Affairs, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bochao Cheng
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nanfang Pan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueling Suo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China. .,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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15
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Wang X, Zhen Z, Xu S, Li J, Song Y, Liu J. Behavioral and neural correlates of social network size: The unique and common contributions of face recognition and extraversion. J Pers 2021; 90:294-305. [PMID: 34358350 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Humans are inherently social creatures and can gain advantages from larger network size. Researches have shown that different cognitive and personality factors may result in individual differences of social network size (SNS). Here, we focused on whether face recognition ability and extraversion were related to SNS and the neural basis underlying the relations. METHODS Behaviorally, we adopted the face-inversion task, NEO personality inventory, and computerized SNS test to explore the relationships between face recognition, extraversion, and SNS. Neurally, we used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) analysis method to investigate the neural correlates of SNS and then revealed whether face recognition and extraversion were related to SNS relevant brain regions. RESULTS We found that individuals with better face recognition ability and more extraverted personality had larger size of social network. In addition, we found that SNS was positively associated with the fALFF in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), right superior temporal sulcus, and precuneus. Interestingly, the fALFF in the vmPFC significantly correlated with face recognition ability. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that both face recognition and extraversion may be important correlates of SNS, and the underlying spontaneous neural substrates are partially dissociable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zonglei Zhen
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- College of Teacher Education, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Yiying Song
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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16
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Neurostructural correlates of work-related risk propensity (WRP): The PCC gray matter volume mediates the impact of extraversion on WRP. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Chen X, Huang Y, Xiao M, Luo YJ, Liu Y, Song S, Gao X, Chen H. Self and the brain: Self-concept mediates the effect of resting-state brain activity and connectivity on self-esteem in school-aged children. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Marron TR, Berant E, Axelrod V, Faust M. Spontaneous cognition and its relationship to human creativity: A functional connectivity study involving a chain free association task. Neuroimage 2020; 220:117064. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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19
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Wang S, Yang C, Zhao Y, Lai H, Zhang L, Gong Q. Sex-linked neurofunctional basis of psychological resilience in late adolescence: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:1075-1087. [PMID: 31641900 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Psychological resilience refers to the ability to adapt effectively in the face of adversity, which is closely related to an individual's psychological and physical health and well-being. Although previous behavioural studies have shown sex differences in psychological resilience, little is known about the neural basis of sex differences in psychological resilience. Here, we measured amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) via resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the sex-linked neurofunctional basis of psychological resilience in 231 healthy adolescents. At the behavioural level, we replicated previous findings indicating that males are more resilient than females. At the neural level, we found sex differences in the relationship between psychological resilience and ALFF in the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Specifically, males showed a positive correlation between psychological resilience and ALFF in the right OFC, while females showed a negative correlation in this region. The sex-specific association between psychological resilience and spontaneous brain activity might be dependent on differences in hormonal systems and brain development between male and female adolescents. Taken together, the results of our study might provide the first evidence of sex-specific neurofunctional substrates of psychological resilience in adolescents, emphasizing the vital role of sex effects in future psychological resilience-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, 610036, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- School of Sociology and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Lai
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, 610036, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Wang S, Zhao Y, Li J, Lai H, Qiu C, Pan N, Gong Q. Neurostructural correlates of hope: dispositional hope mediates the impact of the SMA gray matter volume on subjective well-being in late adolescence. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 15:395-404. [PMID: 32378710 PMCID: PMC7308655 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in identifying factors to predict subjective well-being in the emerging field of positive psychology over the past two decades. Dispositional hope, which reflects one's goal-directed tendencies, including both pathway thinking (planning to meet goals) and agency thinking (goal-directed determination), has emerged as a stable predictor for subjective well-being. However, the neurobiological substrates of dispositional hope and the brain-hope mechanism for predicting subjective well-being remain unclear. Here, we examined these issues in 231 high school graduates within the same grade by estimating cortical gray matter volume (GMV) utilizing a voxel-based morphometry method based on structural magnetic resonance imaging. Whole-brain regression analyses and prediction analyses showed that higher dispositional hope was stably associated with greater GMV in the left supplementary motor area (SMA). Furthermore, mediation analyses revealed that dispositional hope mediated the relation between left SMA volume and subjective well-being. Critically, our results were obtained after adjusting for age, sex, family socioeconomic status and total GMV. Altogether, our study presents novel evidence for the neuroanatomical basis of dispositional hope and suggests an underlying indirect effect of dispositional hope on the link between brain gray matter structure and subjective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), the Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu 610036, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- School of Sociology and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- College of Teacher Education, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Han Lai
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), the Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Psychology, The Faculty of Social Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Nanfang Pan
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), the Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), the Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu 610036, China
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21
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Jach HK, Feuerriegel D, Smillie LD. Decoding personality trait measures from resting EEG: An exploratory report. Cortex 2020; 130:158-171. [PMID: 32653745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Can personality be predicted from oscillatory patterns produced by the brain at rest? To date, relatively few studies using electroencephalography (EEG) have yielded consistent relations between personality trait measures and spectral power. Thus, new exploratory research may help develop targeted hypotheses about how neural processes associated with EEG activity may relate to personality differences. We used multivariate pattern analysis to decode personality scores (i.e., Big Five traits) from resting EEG frequency power spectra. Up to 8 minutes of EEG data was recorded per participant prior to completing an unrelated task (N = 168, Mage = 23.51, 57% female) and, in a subset of participants, after task completion (N = 96, Mage = 23.22, 52% female). In each recording, participants alternated between open and closed eyes. Linear support vector regression with 10-fold cross validation was performed using the power from 62 scalp electrodes within 1 Hz frequency bins from 1 to 30 Hz. One Big Five trait, agreeableness, could be decoded from EEG power ranging from 8 to 19 Hz, and this was consistent across all four recording periods. Neuroticism was decodable using data within the 3-6 Hz range, albeit less consistently. Posterior alpha power negatively correlated with agreeableness, whereas parietal beta power positively correlated with agreeableness. We suggest methods to draw from our results and develop targeted future hypotheses, such as linking to individual alpha frequency and incorporating self-reported emotional states. Our open dataset can be harnessed to reproduce results or investigate new research questions concerning the biological basis of personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley K Jach
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Daniel Feuerriegel
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luke D Smillie
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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22
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Yang L, Han B, Zhang Z, Wang S, Bai Y, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Du L, Xu L, Wu F, Zuo L, Chen X, Lin Y, Liu K, Ye Q, Chen B, Li B, Tang T, Wang Y, Shen L, Wang G, Ju M, Yuan M, Jiang W, Zhang JH, Hu G, Wang J, Yao H. Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Delivery of Circular RNA SCMH1 Promotes Functional Recovery in Rodent and Nonhuman Primate Ischemic Stroke Models. Circulation 2020; 142:556-574. [PMID: 32441115 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.045765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a leading cause of adult disability that can severely compromise the quality of life of patients, yet no effective medication currently exists to accelerate rehabilitation. A variety of circular RNA (circRNA) molecules are known to function in ischemic brain injury. Lentivirus-based expression systems have been widely used in basic studies of circRNAs, but safety issues with such delivery systems have limited exploration of the potential therapeutic roles for circRNAs. METHODS Circular RNA SCMH1 (circSCMH1) was screened from the plasma of patients with acute ischemic stroke by using circRNA microarrays. Engineered rabies virus glycoprotein-circSCMH1-extracellular vesicles were generated to selectively deliver circSCMH1 to the brain. Nissl staining was used to examine infarct size. Behavioral tasks were performed to evaluate motor functions in both rodent and nonhuman primate ischemic stroke models. Golgi staining and immunostaining were used to examine neuroplasticity and glial activation. Proteomic assays and RNA-sequencing data combined with transcriptional profiling were used to identify downstream targets of circSCMH1. RESULTS CircSCMH1 levels were significantly decreased in the plasma of patients with acute ischemic stroke, offering significant power in predicting stroke outcomes. The decreased levels of circSCMH1 were further confirmed in the plasma and peri-infarct cortex of photothrombotic stroke mice. Beyond demonstrating proof-of-concept for an RNA drug delivery technology, we observed that circSCMH1 treatment improved functional recovery after stroke in both mice and monkeys, and we discovered that circSCMH1 enhanced the neuronal plasticity and inhibited glial activation and peripheral immune cell infiltration. CircSCMH1 binds mechanistically to the transcription factor MeCP2 (methyl-CpG binding protein 2), thereby releasing repression of MeCP2 target gene transcription. CONCLUSIONS Rabies virus glycoprotein-circSCMH1-extracellular vesicles afford protection by promoting functional recovery in the rodent and the nonhuman primate ischemic stroke models. Our study presents a potentially widely applicable nucleotide drug delivery technology and demonstrates the basic mechanism of how circRNAs can be therapeutically exploited to improve poststroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (L.Y., B.H., Y.B., Y.Z., Y.T., F.W., Q.Y., B.C., B.L., T.T., Y.W., L.S., G.W., M.J., H.Y.), Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (L.Y., B.H., Y.B., Y.Z., Y.T., F.W., Q.Y., B.C., B.L., T.T., Y.W., L.S., G.W., M.J., H.Y.), Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiting Zhang
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility) (Z.Z., L.D., L.X., Y.L., K.L., J.W.), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., K.L.).,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (Z.Z.)
| | - Shuguo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliation Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China (S.W.)
| | - Ying Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (L.Y., B.H., Y.B., Y.Z., Y.T., F.W., Q.Y., B.C., B.L., T.T., Y.W., L.S., G.W., M.J., H.Y.), Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (L.Y., B.H., Y.B., Y.Z., Y.T., F.W., Q.Y., B.C., B.L., T.T., Y.W., L.S., G.W., M.J., H.Y.), Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (L.Y., B.H., Y.B., Y.Z., Y.T., F.W., Q.Y., B.C., B.L., T.T., Y.W., L.S., G.W., M.J., H.Y.), Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingli Du
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility) (Z.Z., L.D., L.X., Y.L., K.L., J.W.), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Xu
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility) (Z.Z., L.D., L.X., Y.L., K.L., J.W.), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Fangfang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (L.Y., B.H., Y.B., Y.Z., Y.T., F.W., Q.Y., B.C., B.L., T.T., Y.W., L.S., G.W., M.J., H.Y.), Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zuo
- Department of Neurology of Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Institute of Neuropsychiatry of Southeast University (L.Z.), Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xufeng Chen
- Emergency Department, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China (X.C.)
| | - Yu Lin
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility) (Z.Z., L.D., L.X., Y.L., K.L., J.W.), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Kezhong Liu
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility) (Z.Z., L.D., L.X., Y.L., K.L., J.W.), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Qingqing Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (L.Y., B.H., Y.B., Y.Z., Y.T., F.W., Q.Y., B.C., B.L., T.T., Y.W., L.S., G.W., M.J., H.Y.), Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Biling Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (L.Y., B.H., Y.B., Y.Z., Y.T., F.W., Q.Y., B.C., B.L., T.T., Y.W., L.S., G.W., M.J., H.Y.), Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (L.Y., B.H., Y.B., Y.Z., Y.T., F.W., Q.Y., B.C., B.L., T.T., Y.W., L.S., G.W., M.J., H.Y.), Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianci Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (L.Y., B.H., Y.B., Y.Z., Y.T., F.W., Q.Y., B.C., B.L., T.T., Y.W., L.S., G.W., M.J., H.Y.), Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (L.Y., B.H., Y.B., Y.Z., Y.T., F.W., Q.Y., B.C., B.L., T.T., Y.W., L.S., G.W., M.J., H.Y.), Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (L.Y., B.H., Y.B., Y.Z., Y.T., F.W., Q.Y., B.C., B.L., T.T., Y.W., L.S., G.W., M.J., H.Y.), Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangtian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (L.Y., B.H., Y.B., Y.Z., Y.T., F.W., Q.Y., B.C., B.L., T.T., Y.W., L.S., G.W., M.J., H.Y.), Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minzi Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (L.Y., B.H., Y.B., Y.Z., Y.T., F.W., Q.Y., B.C., B.L., T.T., Y.W., L.S., G.W., M.J., H.Y.), Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqin Yuan
- College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China (M.Y., W.J.)
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China (M.Y., W.J.)
| | - John H Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., K.L.).,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Gang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (G.H.)
| | - Jianhong Wang
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility) (Z.Z., L.D., L.X., Y.L., K.L., J.W.), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates (Kunming Primate Research Center) (J.W.), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Science & Yunnan Province, (J.W.), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases (J.W.), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (L.Y., B.H., Y.B., Y.Z., Y.T., F.W., Q.Y., B.C., B.L., T.T., Y.W., L.S., G.W., M.J., H.Y.), Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease (H.Y.), Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China (H.Y.)
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23
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Lai H, Wang S, Zhao Y, Qiu C, Gong Q. Neurostructural correlates of optimism: Gray matter density in the putamen predicts dispositional optimism in late adolescence. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:1459-1471. [PMID: 31816149 PMCID: PMC7267983 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispositional optimism reflects one's generalized positive expectancies for future outcomes and plays a crucial role in personal developmental outcomes and health (e.g., counteracting related mental disorders such as depression and anxiety). Increasing evidence has suggested that extraversion is an important personality factor contributing to dispositional optimism. However, less is known about the association between dispositional optimism and brain structure and the role of extraversion in this association. Here, we examined these issues in 231 healthy high school students aged 16 to 20 years (110 males, mean age = 18.48 years, SD = 0.54) by estimating regional gray matter density (rGMD) using a voxel-based morphometry method via structural magnetic resonance imaging. Whole-brain regression analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between dispositional optimism and the rGMD of the bilateral putamen after adjusting for age, sex, family socioeconomic status (SES), general intelligence, and total gray matter volume (TGMV). Moreover, prediction analyses using fourfold balanced cross-validation combined with linear regression confirmed a significant connection between dispositional optimism and putamen density after adjusting for age, sex, and family SES. More importantly, subsequent mediation analysis showed that extraversion may account for the association between putamen density and dispositional optimism after adjusting for age, sex, family SES, general intelligence, TGMV, and the other four Big Five personality traits. Taken together, the current study provides new evidence regarding the neurostructural basis underlying dispositional optimism in adolescents and underscores the importance of extraversion as an essential personality factor for dispositional optimism acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lai
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of RadiologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011)West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of RadiologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011)West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yajun Zhao
- School of Sociology and PsychologySouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chen Qiu
- Department of Psychology, The Faculty of Social ScienceThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of RadiologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011)West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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24
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Jayakar R, Tone EB, Crosson B, Turner JA, Anderson PL, Phan KL, Klumpp H. Amygdala volume and social anxiety symptom severity: Does segmentation technique matter? Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 295:111006. [PMID: 31760338 PMCID: PMC6982531 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.111006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The amygdala factors prominently in neurobiological models of social anxiety (SA), yet amygdala volume findings regarding SA have been inconsistent and largely focused on case-control characterization. One source of discrepant findings could be variability in volumetric techniques. Therefore, we compared amygdala volumes derived via an automated technique (Freesurfer) against a manually corrected approach, also involving Freesurfer. Additionally, we tested whether the relationship between volume and SA symptom severity would differ across volumetric techniques. We pooled participants (n = 76) from archival studies. SA severity was assessed with the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale; scores ranged from non-clinical to clinical levels. Freesurfer produced significantly larger amygdalar volumes for participants with poor image quality. Even after excluding such participants, paired sample t-tests showed Freesurfer's boundaries produced significantly larger amygdalar volumes than manually corrected ones, bilaterally. Yet, intra-class correlation coefficients between the two methods were high, which suggests that Freesurfer's over-estimation of amygdala volume was systemic. Regardless of segmentation technique, volumes were not associated with SA symptom severity. Potentially, amygdala sub-regions may yield clearer patterns regarding SA symptoms. Further, our study underscores the importance of image quality for segmentation of the amygdala, and image quality may be particularly valuable when examining anatomical data for subtle inter-individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Jayakar
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Erin B Tone
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Bruce Crosson
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Page L Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Heide Klumpp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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25
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Wang X, Cui S, Wu MS, Wang Y, Gao Q, Zhou Y. Victim Sensitivity and Its Neural Correlates Among Patients With Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:622. [PMID: 32848898 PMCID: PMC7432150 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunctional beliefs about the self are common in the development of depressive symptoms, but it remains unclear how depressed patients respond to unfair treatment, both dispositionally and neurally. The present research is an attempt to explore the differences in sensitivity to injustice as a victim and its neural correlates in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) versus healthy controls. METHODS First episodic, drug-naïve patients with MDD (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30) were recruited to compare their differences in victim sensitivity. A second group of patients with MDD (n = 23) and their controls (n = 28) were recruited to replicate the findings and completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. Spontaneous brain activity measured by fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) was used to characterize the neural correlates of victim sensitivity both in patients and in healthy controls. RESULTS Higher victim sensitivity was consistently found in patients with MDD than healthy controls in both datasets. Multiple regression analysis on the fALFF showed a significant interaction effect between diagnosis and victim sensitivity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). CONCLUSIONS The patients with MDD show higher sensitivity to injustice as a victim, which may be independent of their disease course. The MDD patients differ from healthy controls in the neural correlates of victim sensitivity. These findings shed light on the linkage between cognitive control subserved by the DLPFC and negative bias towards the self implicated by higher victim sensitivity among the depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojuan Cui
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yun Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinglin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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26
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Xiao M, Zhu W, Wei J, Lei X, Xia LX. The relationship among resting-state brain activity and connectivity, agreeableness and displaced aggression: Two possible mediation models. J Affect Disord 2019; 256:641-649. [PMID: 31299446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Displaced aggression is a specific form of attack prompted by rumination on anger experiences and revenge thought which might lead to expression of anger on innocent people. There is sufficient evidence demonstrating the potential role of agreeableness in reducing displaced aggression in theory. However, little is known about the neural basis of displaced aggression and how agreeableness and the underlying neural mechanisms link to displaced aggression. METHODS In this investigation, we examined these issues on 123 college students by assessing resting-state brain activity (i.e. amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, ALFF) and connectivity (i.e. resting-state functional connectivity, RSFC). RESULTS Whole-brain correlation analysis revealed that a higher level of displaced aggression was linked with decreased ALFF in the left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and decreased RSFC between the left dmPFC and left ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Mediation analysis further revealed that left dmPFC activity and the left dmPFC-vmPFC connectivity mediated the relationship between agreeableness and displaced aggression, as well as agreeableness mediated the relation between left dmPFC activity and the left dmPFC-vmPFC connectivity and displaced aggression. LIMITATIONS Only ALFF and RSFC were used as indicators of brain function in this study. The two mediation models need to be further tested by longitudinal design or experimental methods in further studies. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that dmPFC and vmPFC might be the functional neural markers of displaced aggression and provided two possible mediation models regarding the relationship among the resting-state brain activity and connectivity, agreeableness and displaced aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Xiao
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Southwest University, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhu
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Southwest University, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jiaming Wei
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Southwest University, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Ling-Xiang Xia
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Southwest University, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Ministry of Education, China.
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27
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Wang S, Zhao Y, Li J, Wang X, Luo K, Gong Q. Brain structure links trait conscientiousness to academic performance. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12168. [PMID: 31434943 PMCID: PMC6704183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the long history of identifying factors to predict academic performance, conscientiousness, a so-called ‘big five’ personality trait describing self-regulation and goal-directed behavior, has emerged as a stable predictor for this purpose. However, the neuroanatomical substrates of trait conscientiousness and the underlying brain mechanism linking trait conscientiousness and academic performance are still largely unknown. Here, we examined these issues in 148 high school students within the same grade by estimating cortical gray matter volume (GMV) utilizing a voxel-based morphometry method based on structural magnetic resonance imaging. A whole-brain regression analysis showed that trait conscientiousness was positively associated with the GMV in the bilateral superior parietal lobe (SPL) and was negatively associated with the GMV in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Furthermore, mediation analysis revealed that trait conscientiousness mediated the influences of the SPL and MFG volume on academic performance. Importantly, our results persisted even when we adjusted for general intelligence, family socioeconomic status and ‘big five’ personality traits other than conscientiousness. Altogether, our study suggests that the GMV in the frontoparietal network is a neurostructural marker of adolescents’ conscientiousness and reveals a potential brain-personality-achievement pathway for predicting academic performance in which gray matter structures affect academic performance through trait conscientiousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, 610036, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- School of Sociology and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- College of Education, Dali University, Dali, 671003, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, 610036, China. .,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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28
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Wang S, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Wang X, Wang X, Cheng B, Luo K, Gong Q. Stress and the brain: Perceived stress mediates the impact of the superior frontal gyrus spontaneous activity on depressive symptoms in late adolescence. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:4982-4993. [PMID: 31397949 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying factors for the prediction of depression is a long-standing research topic in psychiatry and psychology. Perceived stress, which reflects the tendency to appraise one's life situations as stressful and overwhelming, has emerged as a stable predictor for depressive symptoms. However, the neurobiological bases of perceived stress and how perceived stress influences depressive symptoms in the healthy brain remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated these issues in 217 healthy adolescents by estimating the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFFs) via resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. A whole-brain correlation analysis showed that higher levels of perceived stress were associated with greater fALFF in the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG), which is a core brain region for cognitive control and emotion regulation-related processes. Mediation analysis further indicated that perceived stress mediated the link between the fALFF in the left SFG and depressive symptoms. Importantly, our results remained significant even when excluding the influences of head motion, anxiety, SFG gray matter structure, and school environment. Altogether, our findings suggested that the fALFF in the left SFG is a neurofunctional marker of perceived stress in adolescents and revealed a potential indirect effect of perceived stress on the association between the SFG spontaneous activity and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- School of Sociology and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Bochao Cheng
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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29
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Smillie LD, Jach HK, Hughes DM, Wacker J, Cooper AJ, Pickering AD. Extraversion and reward-processing: Consolidating evidence from an electroencephalographic index of reward-prediction-error. Biol Psychol 2019; 146:107735. [PMID: 31352030 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Trait extraversion has been theorized to emerge from functioning of the dopaminergic reward system. Recent evidence for this view shows that extraversion modulates the scalp-recorded Reward Positivity, a putative marker of dopaminergic signaling of reward-prediction-error. We attempt to replicate this association amid several improvements on previous studies in this area, including an adequately-powered sample (N = 100) and thorough examination of convergent-divergent validity. Participants completed a passive associative learning task presenting rewards and non-rewards that were either predictable or unexpected. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses confirmed that the scalp recorded Reward Positivity (i.e., the Feedback-Related-Negativity contrasting unpredicted rewards and unpredicted non-rewards) was significantly associated with three measures of extraversion and unrelated to other basic traits from the Big Five personality model. Narrower sub-traits of extraversion showed similar, though weaker associations with the Reward Positivity. These findings consolidate previous evidence linking extraversion with a putative marker of dopaminergic reward-processing.
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30
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Zhu W, Yang W, Ming D, Qiu J, Tian F, Chen Q, Cao G, Zhang Q. Individual Differences in Brain Structure and Resting Brain Function Underlie Representation-Connection in Scientific Problem Solving. CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2019.1602461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dan Ming
- Research Institute of Nuclear Power Operation
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qunlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guikang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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31
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Laurita AC, Hazan C, Spreng RN. An attachment theoretical perspective for the neural representation of close others. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 14:237-251. [PMID: 30715524 PMCID: PMC6399606 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent investigations in neuroscience elucidate the neural basis of close other cognitive representations, which serve functions central to our health and happiness. Yet, there are persistent barriers to this research, including disparate research methods and the absence of a common theoretical background. The present review connects neuroimaging and attachment theory within a novel social, cognitive and affective framework. We apply attachment theory to understand why we would expect cognitive representations of close others to be different from other social neural representations. Developing reliable markers of attachment is a critical step in mapping close other neural representations. We then examine existing neuroimaging literature on close other representations, highlighting the recruitment of neural systems supporting reward, motivation and distress alleviation, in addition to the mirror neuron system, default network and salience network. We then review the methodologies of past studies, revealing a diverse array of self-report measures assessing `closeness' and social cognitive tasks that, taken together, preclude meaningful synthesis of findings. Lastly, we discuss specific behavioral measures of attachment and closeness with recommendations for the field. This attachment framework integrates brain and behavioral sciences and unites theoretical principles with empirical methods to further our understanding of how the brain represents close others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Laurita
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Health Promotion & Prevention Services, University Health Services, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Cindy Hazan
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - R Nathan Spreng
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
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32
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Brents LK, James GA, Cisler JM, Kilts CD. Personality variables modify the relationship between childhood maltreatment history and poor functional outcomes. Psychiatry Res 2018; 268:229-237. [PMID: 30064070 PMCID: PMC6455924 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment history is a prevalent risk factor for substance use disorder and has lifelong adverse consequences on psychiatric wellbeing. The role of personality variations in determining childhood maltreatment-associated outcomes is poorly understood. This study sought to test neuroticism and agreeableness as mediator and moderator, respectively, of functional outcomes associated with having a history of childhood maltreatment and presence/absence of cocaine dependence. Ninety-four participants completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), and the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). The distribution-of-the-product strategy tested if neuroticism mediated the relationship between CTQ and ASI scores. Agreeableness was tested as a moderator using bootstrapped multiple regression analyses with agreeableness*CTQ interaction terms as predictors of ASI scores. Analyses covaried for cocaine dependence to determine its influence. Neuroticism mediated the relationship between severity of childhood maltreatment history and family (ASI-Family) and psychiatric (ASI-Psychiatric) dysfunction in adulthood, independent of cocaine dependence. Agreeableness negatively moderated the effect of childhood maltreatment severity on family dysfunction. Exposure to emotional neglect and abuse selectively drove the mediation and moderation effects. Personality-directed interventions that reduce neuroticism or increase agreeableness may be promising approaches to uncouple childhood maltreatment history from lifelong social and psychiatric dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K. Brents
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - G. Andrew James
- Brain Imaging Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Joshua M. Cisler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Clinton D. Kilts
- Brain Imaging Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA,Corresponding author. (C.D. Kilts)
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33
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Dubois J, Galdi P, Paul LK, Adolphs R. A distributed brain network predicts general intelligence from resting-state human neuroimaging data. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20170284. [PMID: 30104429 PMCID: PMC6107566 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual people differ in their ability to reason, solve problems, think abstractly, plan and learn. A reliable measure of this general ability, also known as intelligence, can be derived from scores across a diverse set of cognitive tasks. There is great interest in understanding the neural underpinnings of individual differences in intelligence, because it is the single best predictor of long-term life success. The most replicated neural correlate of human intelligence to date is total brain volume; however, this coarse morphometric correlate says little about function. Here, we ask whether measurements of the activity of the resting brain (resting-state fMRI) might also carry information about intelligence. We used the final release of the Young Adult Human Connectome Project (N = 884 subjects after exclusions), providing a full hour of resting-state fMRI per subject; controlled for gender, age and brain volume; and derived a reliable estimate of general intelligence from scores on multiple cognitive tasks. Using a cross-validated predictive framework, we predicted 20% of the variance in general intelligence in the sampled population from their resting-state connectivity matrices. Interestingly, no single anatomical structure or network was responsible or necessary for this prediction, which instead relied on redundant information distributed across the brain.This article is part of the theme issue 'Causes and consequences of individual differences in cognitive abilities'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Dubois
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Paola Galdi
- Department of Management and Innovation Systems, University of Salerno, Fisciano Salerno, Italy
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Lynn K Paul
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Chen Neuroscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ralph Adolphs
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Chen Neuroscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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34
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Dubois J, Galdi P, Han Y, Paul LK, Adolphs R. Resting-state functional brain connectivity best predicts the personality dimension of openness to experience. PERSONALITY NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 1:e6. [PMID: 30225394 PMCID: PMC6138449 DOI: 10.1017/pen.2018.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Personality neuroscience aims to find associations between brain measures and personality traits. Findings to date have been severely limited by a number of factors, including small sample size and omission of out-of-sample prediction. We capitalized on the recent availability of a large database, together with the emergence of specific criteria for best practices in neuroimaging studies of individual differences. We analyzed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 884 young healthy adults in the Human Connectome Project (HCP) database. We attempted to predict personality traits from the "Big Five", as assessed with the NEO-FFI test, using individual functional connectivity matrices. After regressing out potential confounds (such as age, sex, handedness and fluid intelligence), we used a cross-validated framework, together with test-retest replication (across two sessions of resting-state fMRI for each subject), to quantify how well the neuroimaging data could predict each of the five personality factors. We tested three different (published) denoising strategies for the fMRI data, two inter-subject alignment and brain parcellation schemes, and three different linear models for prediction. As measurement noise is known to moderate statistical relationships, we performed final prediction analyses using average connectivity across both imaging sessions (1 h of data), with the analysis pipeline that yielded the highest predictability overall. Across all results (test/retest; 3 denoising strategies; 2 alignment schemes; 3 models), Openness to experience emerged as the only reliably predicted personality factor. Using the full hour of resting-state data and the best pipeline, we could predict Openness to experience (NEOFAC_O: r=0.24, R2=0.024) almost as well as we could predict the score on a 24-item intelligence test (PMAT24_A_CR: r=0.26, R2=0.044). Other factors (Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness) yielded weaker predictions across results that were not statistically significant under permutation testing. We also derived two superordinate personality factors ("α" and "β") from a principal components analysis of the NEO-FFI factor scores, thereby reducing noise and enhancing the precision of these measures of personality. We could account for 5% of the variance in the β superordinate factor (r=0.27, R2=0.050), which loads highly on Openness to experience. We conclude with a discussion of the potential for predicting personality from neuroimaging data and make specific recommendations for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Dubois
- Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paola Galdi
- Department of Management and Innovation Systems, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Yanting Han
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Lynn K. Paul
- Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ralph Adolphs
- Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Chen Neuroscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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35
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Wang S, Zhao Y, Cheng B, Wang X, Yang X, Chen T, Suo X, Gong Q. The optimistic brain: Trait optimism mediates the influence of resting-state brain activity and connectivity on anxiety in late adolescence. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:3943-3955. [PMID: 29923264 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As a hot research topic in the field of psychology and psychiatry, trait optimism reflects the tendency to expect positive outcomes in the future. Consistent evidence has demonstrated the role of trait optimism in reducing anxiety among different populations. However, less is known about the neural bases of trait optimism and the underlying mechanisms for how trait optimism protects against anxiety in the healthy brain. In this investigation, we examined these issues in 231 healthy adolescent students by assessing resting-state brain activity (i.e., fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, fALFF) and connectivity (i.e., resting-state functional connectivity, RSFC). Whole-brain correlation analyses revealed that higher levels of trait optimism were linked with decreased fALFF in the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and increased RSFC between the right OFC and left supplementary motor cortex (SMC). Mediation analyses further showed that trait optimism mediated the influence of the right OFC activity and the OFC-SMC connectivity on anxiety. Our results remained significant even after excluding the impact of head motion, positive and negative affect and depression. Taken together, this study reveals that fALFF and RSFC are functional neural markers of trait optimism and provides a brain-personality-symptom pathway for protection against anxiety in which fALFF and RSFC affect anxiety through trait optimism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- School of Sociology and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bochao Cheng
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Xun Yang
- School of Sociology and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Taolin Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xueling Suo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, 610036, China.,Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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36
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Lewis GJ, Dickie DA, Cox SR, Karama S, Evans AC, Starr JM, Bastin ME, Wardlaw JM, Deary IJ. Widespread associations between trait conscientiousness and thickness of brain cortical regions. Neuroimage 2018; 176:22-28. [PMID: 29665419 PMCID: PMC5986708 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural correlates of human personality have been of longstanding interest; however, most studies in the field have relied on modest sample sizes and few replicable results have been reported to date. We investigated relationships between personality and brain gray matter in a sample of generally healthy, older (mean age 73 years) adults from Scotland drawn from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Participants (N = 578) completed a brain MRI scan and self-reported Big Five personality trait measures. Conscientiousness trait scores were positively related to brain cortical thickness in a range of regions, including bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, bilateral fusiform gyrus, left cingulate gyrus, right medial orbitofrontal cortex, and left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. These associations - most notably in frontal regions - were modestly-to-moderately attenuated by the inclusion of biomarker variables assessing allostatic load and smoking status. None of the other personality traits showed robust associations with brain cortical thickness, nor did we observe any personality trait associations with cortical surface area and gray matter volume. These findings indicate that brain cortical thickness is associated with conscientiousness, perhaps partly accounted for by allostatic load and smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Lewis
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK.
| | - David Alexander Dickie
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Glasgow, UK; Brain Research Imaging Centre, Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Glasgow, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Sherif Karama
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.K.), McGill University, Canada
| | - Alan C Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital and Douglas Mental Health University Institute (S.K.), McGill University, Canada
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK; Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Glasgow, UK; Brain Research Imaging Centre, Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Glasgow, UK; Brain Research Imaging Centre, Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
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37
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Wang S, Dai J, Li J, Wang X, Chen T, Yang X, He M, Gong Q. Neuroanatomical correlates of grit: Growth mindset mediates the association between gray matter structure and trait grit in late adolescence. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:1688-1699. [PMID: 29331059 PMCID: PMC6866491 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a long-standing interest in exploring the factors related to student achievement. As a newly explored personality trait, grit is defined as a person's tendency to pursue long-term goals with continual perseverance and passion, and grit plays a critical role in student achievement. Increasing evidence has shown that growth mindset, the belief that one's basic abilities are malleable and can be developed through effort, is a potential factor for cultivating grit. However, less is known about the association between grit and the brain and the role of growth mindset in this association. Here, we utilized voxel-based morphometry to examine the neuroanatomical correlates of grit in 231 healthy adolescent students by performing structural magnetic resonance imaging. The whole-brain regression analyses revealed that the regional gray matter volume (rGMV) in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) negatively predicted grit. In contrast, the rGMV in the right putamen positively predicted grit. Furthermore, mediating analyses suggested that growth mindset served as a mediator in the association between left DLPFC volume and grit. Our results persisted even after controlling for the influences of self-control and delayed gratification. Overall, our study presents novel evidence for the neuroanatomical basis of grit and highlights that growth mindset might play an essential role in cultivating a student's grit level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- Department of PsychoradiologyChengdu Mental Health CenterChengdu610036China
| | - Jing Dai
- Department of PsychoradiologyChengdu Mental Health CenterChengdu610036China
| | - Jingguang Li
- College of Education, Dali UniversityDali671003China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing100029China
| | - Taolin Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Xun Yang
- School of Sociality and PsychologySouthwest University for NationalitiesChengdu610041China
| | - Manxi He
- Department of PsychoradiologyChengdu Mental Health CenterChengdu610036China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- Department of PsychoradiologyChengdu Mental Health CenterChengdu610036China
- Department of Psychology, School of Public AdministrationSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
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38
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Mar RA. Evaluating whether stories can promote social cognition: Introducing the Social Processes and Content Entrained by Narrative (SPaCEN) framework. DISCOURSE PROCESSES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/0163853x.2018.1448209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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39
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Liknaitzky P, Smillie LD, Allen NB. The Low and Narrow: A Preliminary Test of the Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Deficits in Producing Divergent Inferences. CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2018.1411459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Wang S, Zhou M, Chen T, Yang X, Chen G, Wang M, Gong Q. Grit and the brain: spontaneous activity of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex mediates the relationship between the trait grit and academic performance. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2017; 12:452-460. [PMID: 27672175 PMCID: PMC5390743 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As a personality trait, grit involves the tendency to strive to achieve long-term goals with continual passion and perseverance and plays an extremely crucial role in personal achievement. However, the neural mechanisms of grit remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between grit and the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) in 217 healthy adolescent students using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI). We found that an individual’s grit was negatively related to the regional fALFF in the right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), which is involved in self-regulation, planning, goal setting and maintenance, and counterfactual thinking for reflecting on past failures. The results persisted even after the effects of general intelligence and the ‘big five’ personality traits were adjusted for. More importantly, the fALFF of the right DMPFC played a mediating role in the association between grit and academic performance. Overall, these findings reveal regional fALFF as a neural basis of grit and highlight the right DMPFC as a neural link between grit and academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Taolin Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xun Yang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guangxiang Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meiyun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital & The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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41
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Wang S, Zhou M, Chen T, Yang X, Chen G, Gong Q. Delay discounting is associated with the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and resting-state functional connectivity in late adolescence. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10276. [PMID: 28860514 PMCID: PMC5579001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As a component of self-regulation, delay discounting (DD) refers to an individual’s tendency to prefer smaller-but-sooner rewards over larger-but-later rewards and plays an essential role in many aspects of human behavior. Although numerous studies have examined the neural underpinnings of DD in adults, there are far fewer studies focusing on the neurobiological correlates underlying DD in adolescents. Here, we investigated the associations between individual differences in DD and the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in 228 high school students using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI). At the regional level, we found an association between higher DD and greater fALFF in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), which is involved in conflict monitoring and strategy adaptation. At the connectivity level, DD was positively correlated with the RSFC between the dACC and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a critical functional circuit in the cognitive control network. Furthermore, these effects persisted even after adjusting for the influences of general intelligence and trait impulsivity. Overall, this study reveals the fALFF and RSFC as the functional brain basis of DD in late adolescents, aiding to strengthen and corroborate our understanding of the neural underpinnings of DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Taolin Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xun Yang
- School of Sociality and Psychology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guangxiang Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, 610031, China. .,Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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42
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Madan CR. Advances in Studying Brain Morphology: The Benefits of Open-Access Data. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:405. [PMID: 28824407 PMCID: PMC5543094 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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43
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Out-of-the-Blue: Depressive Symptoms are Associated with Deficits in Processing Inferential Expectancy-Violations Using a Novel Cognitive Rigidity Task. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-017-9853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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44
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Wang S, Zhou M, Chen T, Yang X, Chen G, Wang M, Gong Q. Examining gray matter structure associated with academic performance in a large sample of Chinese high school students. Sci Rep 2017; 7:893. [PMID: 28420876 PMCID: PMC5429851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Achievement in school is crucial for students to be able to pursue successful careers and lead happy lives in the future. Although many psychological attributes have been found to be associated with academic performance, the neural substrates of academic performance remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the relationship between brain structure and academic performance in a large sample of high school students via structural magnetic resonance imaging (S-MRI) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) approach. The whole-brain regression analyses showed that higher academic performance was related to greater regional gray matter density (rGMD) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which is considered a neural center at the intersection of cognitive and non-cognitive functions. Furthermore, mediation analyses suggested that general intelligence partially mediated the impact of the left DLPFC density on academic performance. These results persisted even after adjusting for the effect of family socioeconomic status (SES). In short, our findings reveal a potential neuroanatomical marker for academic performance and highlight the role of general intelligence in explaining the relationship between brain structure and academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Taolin Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xun Yang
- School of Sociality and Psychology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guangxiang Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meiyun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital & the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Department of Psychology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, 610031, China
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45
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Nash K, Baumgartner T, Knoch D. Group-focused morality is associated with limited conflict detection and resolution capacity: Neuroanatomical evidence. Biol Psychol 2017; 123:235-240. [PMID: 28065775 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Group-focused moral foundations (GMFs) - moral values that help protect the group's welfare - sharply divide conservatives from liberals and religiously devout from non-believers. However, there is little evidence about what drives this divide. Moral foundations theory and the model of motivated social cognition both associate group-focused moral foundations with differences in conflict detection and resolution capacity, but in opposing directions. Individual differences in conflict detection and resolution implicate specific neuroanatomical differences. Examining neuroanatomy thus affords an objective and non-biased opportunity to contrast these influential theories. Here, we report that increased adherence to group-focused moral foundations was strongly associated (whole-brain corrected) with reduced gray matter volume in key regions of the conflict detection and resolution system (anterior cingulate cortex and lateral prefrontal cortex). Because reduced gray matter is reliably associated with reduced neural and cognitive capacity, these findings support the idea outlined in the model of motivated social cognition that belief in group-focused moral values is associated with reduced conflict detection and resolution capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Nash
- Department of Social Psychology and Social Neuroscience, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland; Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern, Switzerland; University of Canterbury, Department of Psychology, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of Social Psychology and Social Neuroscience, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland; Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Daria Knoch
- Department of Social Psychology and Social Neuroscience, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland; Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern, Switzerland
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46
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Mitchell RL, Kumari V. Hans Eysenck's interface between the brain and personality: Modern evidence on the cognitive neuroscience of personality. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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47
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Zhao K, Ferguson E, Smillie LD. Prosocial Personality Traits Differentially Predict Egalitarianism, Generosity, and Reciprocity in Economic Games. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1137. [PMID: 27555824 PMCID: PMC4977318 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted the role of prosocial personality traits-agreeableness and honesty-humility-in egalitarian distributions of wealth in the dictator game. Expanding on these findings, we ran two studies to examine individual differences in two other forms of prosociality-generosity and reciprocity-with respect to two major models of personality, the Big Five and the HEXACO. Participants (combined N = 560) completed a series of economic games in which allocations in the dictator game were compared with those in the generosity game, a non-constant-sum wealth distribution task where proposers with fixed payoffs selected the size of their partner's payoff ("generosity"). We further examined positive and negative reciprocity by manipulating a partner's previous move ("reciprocity"). Results showed clear evidence of both generosity and positive reciprocity in social preferences, with allocations to a partner greater in the generosity game than in the dictator game, and greater still when a player had been previously assisted by their partner. There was also a consistent interaction with gender, whereby men were more generous when this was costless and women were more egalitarian overall. Furthermore, these distinct forms of prosociality were differentially predicted by personality traits, in line with the core features of these traits and the theoretical distinctions between them. HEXACO honesty-humility predicted dictator, but not generosity allocations, while traits capturing tendencies toward irritability and anger predicted lower generosity, but not dictator allocations. In contrast, the politeness-but not compassion-aspect of Big Five agreeableness was uniquely and broadly associated with prosociality across all games. These findings support the discriminant validity between related prosocial constructs, and have important implications for understanding the motives and mechanisms taking place within economic games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, MelbourneVIC, Australia
| | - Eamonn Ferguson
- School of Psychology, University of NottinghamNottingham, UK
| | - Luke D. Smillie
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, MelbourneVIC, Australia
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48
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Kaltwasser L, Hildebrandt A, Wilhelm O, Sommer W. Behavioral and neuronal determinants of negative reciprocity in the ultimatum game. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2016; 11:1608-17. [PMID: 27261490 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The rejection of unfair offers in the ultimatum game (UG) indicates negative reciprocity. The model of strong reciprocity claims that negative reciprocity reflects prosociality because the rejecting individual is sacrificing resources in order to punish unfair behavior. However, a recent study found that the rejection rate of unfair offers is linked to assertiveness (status defense model). To pursue the question what drives negative reciprocity, the present study investigated individual differences in the rejection of unfair offers along with their behavioral and neuronal determinants. We measured fairness preferences and event-related potentials (ERP) in 200 healthy participants playing a computerized version of the UG with pictures of unfair and fair proposers. Structural equation modeling (SEM) on the behavioral data corroborated both the strong reciprocity and the status defense models of human cooperation: Not only more prosocial but also more assertive individuals were more likely to show negative reciprocity by rejecting unfair offers. Experimental ERP results confirmed the feedback negativity (FN) as a neural signature of fairness processing. Multilevel SEM of brain-behavior relationships revealed that negative reciprocity was significantly associated with individual differences in FN amplitudes in response to proposers. Our results confirm stable individual differences in fairness processing at the behavioral and neuronal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kaltwasser
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Psychologie, Berlin 10099, Germany Berlin School of Mind & Brain, Berlin 10099, Germany
| | - Andrea Hildebrandt
- Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Institut für Psychologie, Greifswald 17479, Germany
| | - Oliver Wilhelm
- Universität Ulm, Institut für Psychologie & Pädagogik, Ulm 89069, Germany
| | - Werner Sommer
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Psychologie, Berlin 10099, Germany Berlin School of Mind & Brain, Berlin 10099, Germany
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49
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Nelson SM, Savalia NK, Fishell AK, Gilmore AW, Zou F, Balota DA, McDermott KB. Default Mode Network Activity Predicts Early Memory Decline in Healthy Young Adults Aged 18–31. Cereb Cortex 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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50
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Wacker J, Smillie LD. Trait Extraversion and Dopamine Function. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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