1
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Mizuguchi M, Nakagawa Y, Yokoyama T, Okada T, Fujii K, Takahashi K, Luan NNT, Nabeshima Y, Kanamitsu K, Nakagawa S, Yamakawa S, Ueda M, Ando Y, Toyooka N. Development of Benziodarone Analogues with Enhanced Potency for Selective Binding to Transthyretin in Human Plasma. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6987-7005. [PMID: 38670538 PMCID: PMC11089511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Transthyretin amyloidosis is a fatal disorder caused by transthyretin amyloid aggregation. Stabilizing the native structure of transthyretin is an effective approach to inhibit amyloid aggregation. To develop kinetic stabilizers of transthyretin, it is crucial to explore compounds that selectively bind to transthyretin in plasma. Our recent findings demonstrated that the uricosuric agent benziodarone selectively binds to transthyretin in plasma. Here, we report the development of benziodarone analogues with enhanced potency for selective binding to transthyretin in plasma compared to benziodarone. These analogues featured substituents of chlorine, bromine, iodine, a methyl group, or a trifluoromethyl group, at the 4-position of the benzofuran ring. X-ray crystal structure analysis revealed that CH···O hydrogen bonds and a halogen bond are important for the binding of the compounds to the thyroxine-binding sites. The bioavailability of benziodarone analogues with 4-Br, 4-Cl, or 4-CH3 was comparable to that of tafamidis, a current therapeutic agent for transthyretin amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineyuki Mizuguchi
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakagawa
- Graduate
School of Innovative Life Science, University
of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yokoyama
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takuya Okada
- Graduate
School of Innovative Life Science, University
of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
- Faculty
of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Kanako Fujii
- Graduate
School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kanoko Takahashi
- Graduate
School of Pharma-Medical Sciences, University
of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Thanh Luan
- Graduate
School of Innovative Life Science, University
of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Yuko Nabeshima
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kayoko Kanamitsu
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Nakagawa
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka
University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shiori Yamakawa
- Department
of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department
of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yukio Ando
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International
University, Sasebo 859-3298, Japan
| | - Naoki Toyooka
- Graduate
School of Innovative Life Science, University
of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
- Faculty
of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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2
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Fleetwood TD, Kerr WJ, Mason J. Copper-Mediated N-Trifluoromethylation of O-Benzoylhydroxylamines. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303314. [PMID: 38018464 PMCID: PMC10952365 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of trifluoromethyl containing compounds is well established within medicinal chemistry, with a range of approved drugs containing C-CF3 and O-CF3 moieties. However, the utilisation of the N-CF3 functional group remains relatively unexplored. This may be attributed to the challenging synthesis of this unit, with many current methods employing harsh conditions or less accessible reagents. A robust methodology for the N-trifluoromethylation of secondary amines has been developed, which employs an umpolung strategy in the form of a copper-catalysed electrophilic amination. The method is operationally simple, uses mild, inexpensive reagents, and has been used to synthesise a range of novel, structurally complex N-CF3 containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Fleetwood
- Medicinal ChemistryGSK Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RoadSG1 2NYStevenageEnglandU.K.
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeG1 1XLGlasgowScotlandU.K.
| | - William J. Kerr
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeG1 1XLGlasgowScotlandU.K.
| | - Joseph Mason
- Medicinal ChemistryGSK Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RoadSG1 2NYStevenageEnglandU.K.
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3
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Demonti L, Joven-Sancho D, Nebra N. Cross-Coupling Reactions Enabled by Well-Defined Ag(III) Compounds: Main Focus on Aromatic Fluorination and Trifluoromethylation. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300143. [PMID: 37338273 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
AgIII compounds are considered strong oxidizers of difficult handling. Accordingly, the involvement of Ag catalysts in cross-coupling via 2e- redox sequences is frequently discarded. Nevertheless, organosilver(III) compounds have been authenticated using tetradentate macrocycles or perfluorinated groups as supporting ligands, and since 2014, first examples of cross-coupling enabled by AgI /AgIII redox cycles saw light. This review collects the most relevant contributions to this field, with main focus on aromatic fluorination/perfluoroalkylation and the identification of AgIII key intermediates. Pertinent comparison between the activity of AgIII RF compounds in aryl-F and aryl-CF3 couplings vs. the one shown by its CuIII RF and AuIII RF congeners is herein disclosed, thus providing a more profound picture on the scope of these transformations and the pathways commonly associated to C-RF bond formations enabled by coinage metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Demonti
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA)., Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS., 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France)
| | - Daniel Joven-Sancho
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA)., Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS., 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France)
| | - Noel Nebra
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA)., Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS., 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France)
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4
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Amii H. Copper-Catalyzed Aromatic Trifluoromethylation and the Related Transformations. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300154. [PMID: 37489548 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Trifluoromethylated aromatic compounds (Ar-CF3 ) are the substances of considerable interest in various industrial fields. The high lipophilicity, strong electron-withdrawing ability, and characteristic size of trifluoromethyl group are key influences in biologically active molecules. Due to these attractive properties, the benzotrifluoride structural motifs have been widely employed in the design of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, liquid crystals, and polymers. Therefore, the development of highly efficient methodologies for aromatic trifluoromethylation is of significant importance for wide fields of science and technology. Recently, a great deal of attention has been paid to catalytic protocols to introduce fluoroalkyl groups into aromatic rings selectively. This personal account highlights the copper-mediated aromatic trifluoromethylation and the related transformations developed by our research group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Amii
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
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5
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Kuninobu Y. Regioselective C-H Trifluoromethylation and Its Related Reactions of (Hetero)aromatic Compounds. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300003. [PMID: 36899485 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated functional groups, including trifluoromethyl group, play important roles in the development of drugs, agrochemicals, and organic functional materials. Therefore, the development of highly effective and practical reactions to introduce fluorinated functional groups into (hetero)aromatic compounds is highly desirable. We have achieved several regioselective C-H trifluoromethylation and related reactions by electrophilic and nucleophilic activation of six-membered heteroaromatic compounds and steric protection of aromatic compounds. These reactions proceed in good to excellent yields, even on a gram scale, with high functional group tolerance, and are applicable to the regioselective trifluoromethylation of drug molecules. In this personal account, the background of the introduction reactions of fluorinated functional groups, our reaction designs to achieve regioselective C-H trifluoromethylation and the related reactions of (hetero)aromatic compounds are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Kuninobu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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6
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Popov AV, Kobelevskaya VA, Borodin NI, Zinchenko SV. α,β-Unsaturated CF3-ketones via secondary amine salts-catalyzed aldol condensation of 1,1,1-trufluoroacetone with aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes. J Fluor Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2023.110108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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7
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Tito AA, Obydennik AY, Borisova TN, Sorokina EA, Voskressensky LG, Varlamov AV, Thi TAD, Le NTG, Le TA. Development of new approach for the synthesis of 6-perfluoroalkyl substituted allene benzazecines and study of the nature of properties due to the presence of perfluoroalkyl groups. J Fluor Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2023.110109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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8
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Tang Z, Mo K, Ma X, Huang J, Zhao D. para
‐Selective Radical Trifluoromethylation of Benzamide Derivatives via Iminium Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208089. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyong Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Ke Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Jialin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Depeng Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
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9
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Arun R, Stiniya S, Saranya PV, Anilkumar G. An Overview of Palladium-catalyzed Trifluoromethylation Reactions. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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10
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Zhao D, Tang Z, Mo K, Ma X, Huang J. para‐Selective Radical Trifluoromethylation of Benzamide Derivatives via Iminium Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Waihuan East Road 510006 Guangzhou CHINA
| | - Zhanyong Tang
- Sun Yat-Sen University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wai-Huan east roadNo. 132 Guangzhou CHINA
| | - Ke Mo
- Sun Yat-Sen University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences WaiHuan east roadNo 132 Guangzhou CHINA
| | - Xiaoqiang Ma
- Sun Yat-Sen University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Waihuan east roadNo. 132 Guangzhou CHINA
| | - Jialin Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Waihuan east roadNo. 132 Guangzhou CHINA
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11
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Wang G, Li M, Leng X, Xue X, Shen Q. Neutral Five‐Coordinate Arylated Copper(III) Complex: Key Intermediate in Copper‐Mediated Arene Trifluoromethylation. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engi‐neering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Xiaosong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Qilong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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12
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Allylic substitution reactions with fluorinated nucleophiles. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Li W, Liang C, Luo B, Wang Z, Li H, Li X, Yang H, Li H. Perfluoroalkylation of Terminal Alkynes with Perfluoroalkyl Iodides Catalyzed by an Iron Salt. J Org Chem 2022; 87:1554-1558. [PMID: 34981920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The one-step, direct perfluoroalkylation of terminal alkynes with perfluoroalkyl iodides has been developed in which a simple ligandless iron salt is employed as the catalyst. Various perfluoroalkylated alkynes could be afforded in good to excellent yields with good functional group compatibility. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest the involvement of the perfluoroalkyl radical in the catalytic cycle and the perfluoroalkylated alkenyl iodides as intermediates. The method provides straight, streamlined, and sustainable access to perfluoroalkylated acetylenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Changfa Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Baogui Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hengyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Huanjian Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Huaifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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14
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Mandal D, Maji S, Pal T, Sinha SK, Maiti D. Recent Advances in Transition-Metal Mediated Trifluoromethylation Reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10442-10468. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04082d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine compounds are known for their abundance in more than 20% of pharmaceutical and agrochemical products mainly due to the enhanced lipophilicity, metabolic stability and pharmacokinetic properties of organofluorides. Consequently,...
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15
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Li Y, Liu Y, Hao D, Li C, Liu Y, Gu Y, Vaccaro L, Liu P. Cu-catalyzed direct C1–H trifluoromethylation of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Mangla P, Sanghvi YS, Prasad AK. Microwave Assisted Cu-Mediated Trifluoromethylation of Pyrimidine Nucleosides. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e328. [PMID: 34936733 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Trifluoromethylated nucleosides, such as trifluridine, have widespread applications in pharmaceuticals as anticancer and antiviral agents. However, site-selective addition of a trifluoromethyl group onto a nucleobase typically requires either inconvenient multi-step synthesis or expensive trifluoromethylation reagents, or results in low yield. This article describes a simple, scalable, and high-yielding protocol for late-stage direct trifluoromethylation of pyrimidine nucleosides via a microwave-irradiated pathway. First, 5-iodo pyrimidine nucleosides undergo complete benzoylation to obtain N3 -benzoyl-3',5'-di-O-benzoyl-5-iodo-pyrimidine nucleosides as key precursors. Next, trifluoromethylation is carried out under both conventional and microwave heating using an inexpensive and commercially accessible Chen's reagent, i.e., methyl fluorosulfonyldifluoroacetate, to produce N3 -benzoyl-3',5'-di-Obenzoyl-5-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidine nucleosides. The microwave-assisted transformation accentuates its simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and dominance, providing a facile route to access trifluoromethylation. Finally, the envisioned 5-trifluoromethyl pyrimidine nucleosides are obtained by a routine debenzoylation procedure. This concludes a convenient three-step synthesis to obtain trifluridine and its 2'-modified analogs on a gram scale with consistently high yields, starting from their respective iodo-precursors, and requires only one chromatographic purification at the trifluoromethylation step. Furthermore, this operationally simple protocol can be utilized as a definitive methodology to produce various other trifluoromethylated therapeutics. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Synthesis of 5-trifluoromethyl pyrimidine nucleosides 4a-c Alternate Protocol: Conventional trifluoromethylation: Synthesis of N3-benzoyl-3',5'-di-O-benzoyl-5-trifluoromethyl pyrimidine nucleosides (3a-c).
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Mangla
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Ashok K Prasad
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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17
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Echeverría J, Jover J. From Simple Alkenes and CO
2
to Fluorinated Carboxylic Acids: Computational Studies and Predictions. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Echeverría
- Secció de Química Inorgànica Departament de Química Inorgànica I Orgànica & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC-UB) Universitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1–11 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Jesús Jover
- Secció de Química Inorgànica Departament de Química Inorgànica I Orgànica & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC-UB) Universitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1–11 08028 Barcelona Spain
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18
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Baishya G, Dutta NB. Recent Advances in Direct C−H Trifluoromethylation of N‐Heterocycles. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gakul Baishya
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Nibedita B. Dutta
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Rain Forest Research Institute Jorhat 785001 India
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19
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Talavera-Alemán A, Dagousset G, Thomassigny C. Synthesis of α-trifluoromethyl piperidine derivatives from tetrahydropyridines via nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of pyridinium cations. J Fluor Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Csenki JT, Mészáros Á, Gonda Z, Novák Z. Stereoselective Direct N-Trifluoropropenylation of Heterocycles with a Hypervalent Iodonium Reagent. Chemistry 2021; 27:15638-15643. [PMID: 34549840 PMCID: PMC9293340 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The availability and synthesis of fluorinated enamine derivatives such as N-(3,3,3-trifluoropropenyl)heterocycles are challenging, especially through direct functionalization of the heterocyclic scaffold. Herein, a stereoselective N-trifluoropropenylation method based on the use of a bench-stable trifluoropropenyl iodonium salt is described. This reagent enables the straightforward trifluoropropenylation of various N-heterocycles under mild reaction conditions, providing trifluoromethyl enamine type moieties with high stereoselectivity and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- János T Csenki
- ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Mészáros
- ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsombor Gonda
- ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Novák
- ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
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21
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Francis F, Wuest F. Advances in [ 18F]Trifluoromethylation Chemistry for PET Imaging. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216478. [PMID: 34770885 PMCID: PMC8587676 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a preclinical and clinical imaging technique extensively used to study and visualize biological and physiological processes in vivo. Fluorine-18 (18F) is the most frequently used positron emitter for PET imaging due to its convenient 109.8 min half-life, high yield production on small biomedical cyclotrons, and well-established radiofluorination chemistry. The presence of fluorine atoms in many drugs opens new possibilities for developing radioligands labelled with fluorine-18. The trifluoromethyl group (CF3) represents a versatile structural motif in medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry to design and synthesize drug molecules with favourable pharmacological properties. This fact also makes CF3 groups an exciting synthesis target from a PET tracer discovery perspective. Early attempts to synthesize [18F]CF3-containing radiotracers were mainly hampered by low radiochemical yields and additional challenges such as low radiochemical purity and molar activity. However, recent innovations in [18F]trifluoromethylation chemistry have significantly expanded the chemical toolbox to synthesize fluorine-18-labelled radiotracers. This review presents the development of significant [18F]trifluoromethylation chemistry strategies to apply [18F]CF3-containing radiotracers in preclinical and clinical PET imaging studies. The continuous growth of PET as a crucial functional imaging technique in biomedical and clinical research and the increasing number of CF3-containing drugs will be the primary drivers for developing novel [18F]trifluoromethylation chemistry strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Francis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N4, Canada;
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N4, Canada;
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-391-7666; Fax: +1-780-432-8483
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22
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Jana R, Begam HM, Dinda E. The emergence of the C-H functionalization strategy in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10842-10866. [PMID: 34596175 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the market competitiveness and urgent societal need, an optimum speed of drug discovery is an important criterion for successful implementation. Despite the rapid ascent of artificial intelligence and computational and bioanalytical techniques to accelerate drug discovery in big pharma, organic synthesis of privileged scaffolds predicted in silico for in vitro and in vivo studies is still considered as the rate-limiting step. C-H activation is the latest technology added into an organic chemist's toolbox for the rapid construction and late-stage modification of functional molecules to achieve the desired chemical and physical properties. Particularly, elimination of prefunctionalization steps, exceptional functional group tolerance, complexity-to-diversity oriented synthesis, and late-stage functionalization of privileged medicinal scaffolds expand the chemical space. It has immense potential for the rapid synthesis of a library of molecules, structural modification to achieve the required pharmacological properties such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicology (ADMET) and attachment of chemical reporters for proteome profiling, metabolite synthesis, etc. for preclinical studies. Although heterocycle synthesis, late-stage drug modification, 18F labelling, methylation, etc. via C-H functionalization have been reviewed from the synthetic standpoint, a general overview of these protocols from medicinal and drug discovery aspects has not been reviewed. In this feature article, we will discuss the recent trends of C-H activation methodologies such as synthesis of medicinal scaffolds through C-H activation/annulation cascade; C-H arylation for sp2-sp2 and sp2-sp3 cross-coupling; C-H borylation/silylation to introduce a functional linchpin for further manipulation; C-H amination for N-heterocycles and hydrogen bond acceptors; C-H fluorination/fluoroalkylation to tune polarity and lipophilicity; C-H methylation: methyl magic in drug discovery; peptide modification and macrocyclization for therapeutics and biologics; fluorescent labelling and radiolabelling for bioimaging; bioconjugation for chemical biology studies; drug-metabolite synthesis for biodistribution and excretion studies; late-stage diversification of drug-molecules to increase efficacy and safety; cutting-edge DNA encoded library synthesis and improved synthesis of drug molecules via C-H activation in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Jana
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Hasina Mamataj Begam
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Enakshi Dinda
- Department of Chemistry and Environment, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata-700107, India
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23
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Badir SO, Lipp A, Krumb M, Cabrera-Afonso MJ, Kammer LM, Wu VE, Huang M, Csakai A, Marcaurelle LA, Molander GA. Photoredox-mediated hydroalkylation and hydroarylation of functionalized olefins for DNA-encoded library synthesis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12036-12045. [PMID: 34667569 PMCID: PMC8457374 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03191k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology features a time- and cost-effective interrogation format for the discovery of therapeutic candidates in the pharmaceutical industry. To develop DEL platforms, the implementation of water-compatible transformations that facilitate the incorporation of multifunctional building blocks (BBs) with high C(sp3) carbon counts is integral for success. In this report, a decarboxylative-based hydroalkylation of DNA-conjugated trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes enabled by single-electron transfer (SET) and subsequent hydrogen atom termination through electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex activation is detailed. In a further photoredox-catalyzed hydroarylation protocol, the coupling of functionalized, electronically unbiased olefins is achieved under air and within minutes of blue light irradiation through the intermediacy of reactive (hetero)aryl radical species with full retention of the DNA tag integrity. Notably, these processes operate under mild reaction conditions, furnishing complex structural scaffolds with a high density of pendant functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorouk O Badir
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Alexander Lipp
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Matthias Krumb
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - María Jesús Cabrera-Afonso
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Lisa Marie Kammer
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Victoria E Wu
- Encoded Library Technologies/NCE Molecular Discovery, R&D Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline 200 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge MA 02140 USA
| | - Minxue Huang
- Encoded Library Technologies/NCE Molecular Discovery, R&D Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline 200 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge MA 02140 USA
| | - Adam Csakai
- Encoded Library Technologies/NCE Molecular Discovery, R&D Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline 200 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge MA 02140 USA
| | - Lisa A Marcaurelle
- Encoded Library Technologies/NCE Molecular Discovery, R&D Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline 200 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge MA 02140 USA
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
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24
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Liu H, Wu J, Jin Y, Leng X, Shen Q. Mechanistic Insight into Copper-Mediated Trifluoromethylation of Aryl Halides: The Role of CuI. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14367-14378. [PMID: 34432446 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of key intermediates [Cu(CF3)(X)]-Q+ (X = CF3 or I, Q = PPh4) in copper-mediated trifluoromethylation of aryl halides were studied. Qualitative and quantitative studies showed [Cu(CF3)2]-Q+ and [Cu(CF3)(I)]-Q+ were not highly reactive. Instead, a much more reactive species, ligandless [CuCF3] or DMF-ligated species [(DMF)CuCF3], was generated in the presence of excess CuI. On the basis of these results, a general mechanistic map for CuI-promoted trifluoromethylation of aryl halides was proposed. Furthermore, on the basis of this mechanistic understanding, a HOAc-promoted protocol for trifluoromethylation of aryl halides with [Ph4P]+[Cu(CF3)2]- was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Qilong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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25
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Ispizua-Rodriguez X, Munoz SB, Krishnamurti V, Mathew T, Prakash GKS. Direct Synthesis of Tri-/Difluoromethyl Ketones from Carboxylic Acids by Cross-Coupling with Acyloxyphosphonium Ions. Chemistry 2021; 27:15908-15913. [PMID: 34469605 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A simple and straightforward approach to the synthesis of trifluoromethyl and difluoromethyl ketones from widely available carboxylic acids is disclosed. The transformation utilizes an acyloxyphosphonium ion as the active electrophile, conveniently generated in situ from the carboxylic acid substrate by using commodity chemicals. The utility of the reaction system is exemplified by its chemoselectivity, with tolerance to a variety of important functional groups. The late-stage functionalization of carboxylic acid active pharmaceutical ingredients and pharmaceutically relevant compounds is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanath Ispizua-Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, CA-90089-1661, USA
| | - Socrates B Munoz
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 322 CBC Bldg, Manhattan, KS66506-0401, USA
| | - Vinayak Krishnamurti
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, CA-90089-1661, USA
| | - Thomas Mathew
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, CA-90089-1661, USA
| | - G K S Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, CA-90089-1661, USA
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26
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Shen J, Xu J, He L, Liang C, Li W. Application of Langlois’ reagent (NaSO2CF3) in C–H functionalisation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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Britton R, Gouverneur V, Lin JH, Meanwell M, Ni C, Pupo G, Xiao JC, Hu J. Contemporary synthetic strategies in organofluorine chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s43586-021-00042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Fu WC, MacQueen PM, Jamison TF. Continuous flow strategies for using fluorinated greenhouse gases in fluoroalkylations. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7378-7394. [PMID: 34018500 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00670j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Large quantities of fluorinated gases are generated as intermediates or byproducts from fluorinated polymer production annually, and they are effective ozone depleting substances or greenhouse gases. On the other hand, the incorporation of fluoroalkyl groups into drug molecules or bioactive compounds has been shown to enhance biological properties such as the bioavailability, binding selectivity, and metabolic stability. Extraction of fluoroalkyl sources, including trifluoromethyl and difluoromethyl groups, from the fluorinated gases is highly desirable, yet challenging under regular batch reaction conditions. Flow chemistry is an emerging and promising technique to address long-standing challenges in gas-liquid batch reactions such as insufficient interfacial contact and scalability issues. In this review, we highlight recent advances in continuous flow strategies toward enabling the use of fluorinated greenhouse gases in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Chung Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Preston M MacQueen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and Department of Research and Development, MilliporeSigma (a division of Merck KGaA), 6000 N. Teutonia Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53209, USA
| | - Timothy F Jamison
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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29
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Kisukuri CM, Fernandes VA, Delgado JAC, Häring AP, Paixão MW, Waldvogel SR. Electrochemical Installation of CFH 2 -, CF 2 H-, CF 3 -, and Perfluoroalkyl Groups into Small Organic Molecules. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2502-2525. [PMID: 34151507 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Electrosynthesis can be considered a powerful and sustainable methodology for the synthesis of small organic molecules. Due to its intrinsic ability to generate highly reactive species under mild conditions by anodic oxidation or cathodic reduction, electrosynthesis is particularly interesting for otherwise challenging transformations. One such challenge is the installation of fluorinated alkyl groups, which has gained significant attention in medicinal chemistry and material science due to their unique physicochemical features. Unsurprisingly, several electrochemical fluoroalkylation methods have been established. In this review, we survey recent developments and established methods in the field of electrochemical mono-, di-, and trifluoromethylation, and perfluoroalkylation of small organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila M Kisukuri
- Center of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, -13565-905
| | - Vitor A Fernandes
- Center of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, -13565-905
| | - José A C Delgado
- Center of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, -13565-905
| | - Andreas P Häring
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Márcio W Paixão
- Center of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, -13565-905
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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30
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Pees A, Vosjan MJWD, Vasdev N, Windhorst AD, Vugts DJ. Fluorine-18 labelled Ruppert-Prakash reagent ([ 18F]Me 3SiCF 3) for the synthesis of 18F-trifluoromethylated compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5286-5289. [PMID: 33942818 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01789f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the first synthesis and application of fluorine-18 labelled Ruppert-Prakash reagent [18F]Me3SiCF3. [18F]Me3SiCF3 was synthesized from [18F]fluoroform with radiochemical yields of 85-95% and radiochemical purities of >95% within 20 minutes. 18F-trifluoromethylated compounds were successfully prepared by reaction of [18F]Me3SiCF3 with benzaldehydes, acetophenones and benzophenones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pees
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Radiology and Nuclear medicine, Radionuclide Center, De Boelelaan 1085c, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Neil Vasdev
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health & Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., Toronto M5T-1R8, ON, Canada
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Radiology and Nuclear medicine, Radionuclide Center, De Boelelaan 1085c, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Radiology and Nuclear medicine, Radionuclide Center, De Boelelaan 1085c, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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31
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Dutta NB, Bori J, Gogoi P, Baishya G. Metal‐, Photocatalyst‐, Light‐ and Electrochemical‐Free C‐3 Trifluoromethylation of Quinoxalin‐2(1
H
)‐ones, Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and 2
H
‐Indazoles. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Baruah Dutta
- Natural Products Chemistry Group Chemical Science & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
- Rain Forest Research Institute Jorhat 785001 India
| | - Jugal Bori
- Natural Products Chemistry Group Chemical Science & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006 India
| | - Pinku Gogoi
- Natural Products Chemistry Group Chemical Science & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006 India
| | - Gakul Baishya
- Natural Products Chemistry Group Chemical Science & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
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32
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Jos S, Santos WL. Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α‐Trifluoromethylacrylates from Trifluoroborylacrylates
via
Stereoretentive Radical Trifluoromethylation. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Jos
- Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
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33
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Abstract
This review highlights important developments in nickel-catalysed mono-, di- and tri-fluoromethylation, trifluoromethylthiolation and trifluoromethylselenolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravya P. Nair
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS), Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560 India
| | - Rose Mary Philip
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560 India
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS), Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560 India
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560 India
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC), Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560 India
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel K. Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Chemistry Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 64, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmi P. Bhaskaran
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) Mangalore, Surathkal 575025 India
| | - Beneesh P. Babu
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) Mangalore, Surathkal 575025 India
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36
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Pan B, Shi Y, Tian Y, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Yu J. Synthesis of Multifunctional
α
,
α
‐Difluoroketones through Allylic Alkylation of Difluoroenoxysilanes with MBH Carbonates. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:4028-4032. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo‐Wen Pan
- College of Pharmacy Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Yang Shi
- College of Pharmacy Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - You‐Ping Tian
- College of Pharmacy Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Pharmacy Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Jin‐Sheng Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
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37
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Uchikura T, Kamiyama N, Ishikawa T, Akiyama T. Catalytic trifluoromethylation of iodoarenes by use of 2-trifluoromethylated benzimidazoline as trifluoromethylating reagent. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2442-2447. [PMID: 33082878 PMCID: PMC7537379 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The trifluoromethylation of iodoarenes was accomplished by use of a 2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazoline derivative as the trifluoromethylating reagent and a catalytic amount of Cu(I) in the presence of 2,2'-bipyridyl as the ligand. Through a mechanistic study, we found that the oxidative addition of the iodoarene to the Cu(I)–CF3 species is the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Uchikura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan
| | - Nanami Kamiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan
| | - Taisuke Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan
| | - Takahiko Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan
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38
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Abstract
![]()
A visible
light induced palladium-catalyzed fluoroalkylation method
was developed. The Heck-type alkyl coupling reaction enables the introduction
of trifluoroethyl, difluoroethyl and other fluoroalkyl fragment into
styrenes under mild reaction conditions without the use of additional
photosensitizers and ensures access to fluoroalkylated olefins on
a broad scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Adamik
- ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of ́ Science, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Földesi
- ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of ́ Science, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Novák
- ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of ́ Science, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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39
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Han Z, Zhang C. Fluorination and Fluoroalkylation Reactions Mediated by Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou‐Zhou Han
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng‐Pan Zhang
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology 205 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
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40
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Young N, Pike VW, Taddei C. Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of [ 11C]Trifluoromethylarenes from Primary Aromatic Amines and [ 11C]CuCF 3. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19557-19564. [PMID: 32803050 PMCID: PMC7424730 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies have shown that trifluoromethylarenes can be labeled in high molar activities (A m > 200 GBq/μmol) with positron-emitting carbon-11 (t 1/2 = 20.4 min) by the reaction of the copper(I) derivative of [11C]fluoroform [11C]CuCF3, with several types of precursors, such as aryl iodides, arylboronic acids, and aryldiazonium salts. Nonetheless, these precursors can be challenging to synthesize, and in the case of diazonium salts, are unstable. Methods that reduce challenges in precursor preparation for the synthesis of [11C]trifluoromethylarenes are desirable to enhance possibilities for developing biologically relevant 11C-labeled compounds as radiotracers for biomedical imaging with positron emission tomography (PET). Here, we explored the production of no-carrier-added [11C]trifluoromethylarenes from commercially available primary aromatic amines through reactions of [11C]CuCF3 with diazonium salts that were generated in situ. Moderate to high isolated decay-corrected radiochemical yields (RCY) (32-84%) were obtained rapidly (within 2 min) for many para-substituted and meta-substituted primary aromatic amines bearing a halo, methoxy, thiomethyl, hydroxy, nitro, nitrile, carboxyl, ethylcarboxy, or trifluoromethyl substituent. Null to low RCYs (0-13%) were observed only for ortho bromo-, nitro-, or nitrile-substituted precursors. This new radiosynthetic method usefully expands options for producing PET radiotracers bearing a [11C]trifluoromethyl group, especially from aryl amine precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas
J. Young
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National
Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes
of Health, 10 Center
Drive, Rm B3 C346, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
| | - Victor W. Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National
Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes
of Health, 10 Center
Drive, Rm B3 C346, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
| | - Carlotta Taddei
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National
Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes
of Health, 10 Center
Drive, Rm B3 C346, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
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41
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Methyl-2,2-difluoro-2-(fluorosulfonyl) acetate (MDFA)/copper (I) iodide mediated and tetrabutylammonium iodide promoted trifluoromethylation of 1-aryl-4-iodo-1,2,3-triazoles. J Fluor Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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42
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Guerrero I, Correa A. Site‐Selective Trifluoromethylation Reactions of Oligopeptides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Guerrero
- Department of Organic Chemistry IUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda. Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Arkaitz Correa
- Department of Organic Chemistry IUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda. Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
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43
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Ruyet L, Besset T. Copper-based fluorinated reagents for the synthesis of CF 2R-containing molecules (R ≠ F). Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1051-1065. [PMID: 32550920 PMCID: PMC7277540 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, the development of new methodologies for the introduction of various fluorinated motifs has gained a significant interest due to the importance of fluorine-containing molecules in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. In a world eager to eco-friendlier tools, the need for innovative methods has been growing. To address these two challenges, copper-based reagents were developed to introduce CF2H, CF2RF, CF2CH3, CF2PO(OEt)2 and CF2SO2Ph motifs on a broad range of substrates. Copper-based fluorinated reagents have the advantage of being inexpensive and generally in situ generated or prepared in a few steps, which make them convenient to use. In this review, an overview of the recent advances made for the synthesis of fluorinated molecules using copper-based fluorinated reagents will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Ruyet
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Tatiana Besset
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
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Hirano K, Saito T, Fujihira Y, Sedgwick DM, Fustero S, Shibata N. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Enantioenriched Trifluoromethylated Ethylenediamines and Isoindolines Containing Two Stereogenic Carbon Centers by Nucleophilic Trifluoromethylation Using HFC-23. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7976-7985. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Hirano
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan
| | - Takuya Saito
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan
| | - Yamato Fujihira
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan
| | - Daniel M. Sedgwick
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Universitat de València, Burjassot 46100, Spain
| | - Santos Fustero
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Universitat de València, Burjassot 46100, Spain
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Avenue, Jinhua 321004, China
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45
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Johansen MB, Lindhardt AT. Copper-catalyzed and additive free decarboxylative trifluoromethylation of aromatic and heteroaromatic iodides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1417-1425. [PMID: 32016267 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02635e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed decarboxylative trifluoromethylation of (hetero)aromatic iodides has been developed. Importantly, this new copper-catalyzed reaction operates in the absence of any ligands and metal additives. The protocol shows good functional group tolerance and is compatible with heteroaromatic systems. The reaction proved scalable to a 15 mmol scale with increased yield. Finally, late-stage installation of the trifluoromethyl functionality afforded the N-trifluoroacetamide variant of the antidepressant agent, Prozac, demonstrating the applicability of the developed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin B Johansen
- Department of Engineering, Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Anders T Lindhardt
- Department of Engineering, Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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46
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Guerrero I, Correa A. Cu-Catalyzed Site-Selective C(sp2)–H Radical Trifluoromethylation of Tryptophan-Containing Peptides. Org Lett 2020; 22:1754-1759. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Guerrero
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Department of Organic Chemistry I, Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Correa
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Department of Organic Chemistry I, Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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47
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Ayothiraman R, Gangu AS, Bandaru D, Guturi SK, Lakshminarasimhan T, Jaleel M, Kanagavel K, Rangaswamy S, Cuniere NL, Zaretsky S, Camacho K, Eastgate MD, Vaidyanathan R. Two Approaches to a Trifluoromethyl Triazole: A Fit-for-Purpose Trifluoromethylation in Flow-Mode and a Long-Term Decarboxylative Click Approach. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajaram Ayothiraman
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Aravind S. Gangu
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Durgarao Bandaru
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Siva Krishna Guturi
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Thirumalai Lakshminarasimhan
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Mohamed Jaleel
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Kishorekumar Kanagavel
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Sundaramurthy Rangaswamy
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Nicolas L. Cuniere
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Serge Zaretsky
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Kathryn Camacho
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Martin D. Eastgate
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Rajappa Vaidyanathan
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bengaluru 560099, India
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48
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Wu W, Xu S, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li R, Sun F, Yu C, Li T, Wei D, Yao C. NHC-catalyzed β-specific addition of N-based nucleophiles to allenoates. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00189a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed reactions of nitrogenous heterocycles or trifluoromethylated acylhydrazone with allenoates gave regiospecific β-adducts. DFT calculations rationalized the origination of regio- and E/Z selectivities.
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Abstract
Despite the long history of electroorganic synthesis, it did not participate in the mainstream of chemical research for a long time. This is probably due to the lack of equipment and standardized protocols. However, nowadays organic electrochemistry is witnessing a renaissance, and a wide range of interesting electrochemical transformations and methodologies have been developed, not only for academic purposes but also for large scale industrial production. Depending on the source of electricity, electrochemical methods can be inherently green and environmentally benign and can be easily controlled to achieve high levels of selectivity. In addition, the generation and consumption of reactive or unstable intermediates and hazardous reagents can be achieved in a safe way. Limitations of traditional batch-type electrochemical methods such as the restricted electrode surface, the necessity of supporting electrolytes, and the difficulties in scaling up can be alleviated using electrochemical flow cells. Microreactors offer high surface-to-volume ratios and enable precise control over temperature, residence time, flow rate, and pressure. In addition, efficient mixing, enhanced mass and heat transfer, and handling of small volumes lead to simpler scaling-up protocols and minimize safety concerns. Electrolysis under flow conditions reduces the possibility of overoxidation as the reaction mixture is flown continuously out of the reactor in contrast to traditional batch-type electrolysis cells. In this Account, we highlight our contributions in the area of electroorganic synthesis under flow conditions over the past decade. We have designed and manufactured different generations of electrochemical flow cells. The first-generation reactor was effectively used in developing a simple one-step synthesis of diaryliodonium salts and used in proof-of-concept reactions such as the trifluoromethylation of electron-deficient alkenes via Kolbe electrolysis of trifluoroacetic acid in addition to the selective deprotection of the isonicotinyloxycarbonyl (iNoc) group from carbonates and thiocarbonates. The improved second-generation flow cell enabled the development of efficient synthesis of isoindolinones, benzothiazoles, and thiazolopyridines, achieving gram-scale for some of the products easily without changing the reactor design or reoptimizing the reaction parameters. In addition, the same reactor was used in the development of an efficient continuous flow electrochemical synthesis of hypervalent iodine reagents. The generated unstable hypervalent iodine reagents were easily used without isolation in various oxidative transformations in a coupled flow/flow manner and could be easily transformed into bench-stable reagents via quantitative ligand exchange with the appropriate acids. Our second-generation reactor was further improved and commercialized by Vapourtec Ltd. We have demonstrated the power of online analysis in accelerating optimizations and methodology development. Online mass spectrometry enabled fast screening of the charge needed for the cyclization of amides to isoindolinones. The power of online 2D-HPLC combined with a Design of Experiments approach empowered the rapid optimization of stereoselective electrochemical alkoxylations of amino acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elsherbini
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Wirth
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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50
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Murray BJ, Ball ED, Harsanyi A, Sandford G. 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) as a CF3
-Building Block: Synthesis of Enol Ethers and Vinyl Sulfides. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben J. Murray
- Department of Chemistry; Durham University; South Road DH1 3LE Durham UK
| | - Ellis D. Ball
- Department of Chemistry; Durham University; South Road DH1 3LE Durham UK
| | - Antal Harsanyi
- Medicines Research Centre; GlaxoSmithKline R&D Ltd; Gunnels Wood Road SG1 2NY Stevenage Hertfordshire UK
| | - Graham Sandford
- Department of Chemistry; Durham University; South Road DH1 3LE Durham UK
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