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do Amaral SC, Xavier LP, Vasconcelos V, Santos AV. Cyanobacteria: A Promising Source of Antifungal Metabolites. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:359. [PMID: 37367684 DOI: 10.3390/md21060359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a rich source of secondary metabolites, and they have received a great deal of attention due to their applicability in different industrial sectors. Some of these substances are known for their notorious ability to inhibit fungal growth. Such metabolites are very chemically and biologically diverse. They can belong to different chemical classes, including peptides, fatty acids, alkaloids, polyketides, and macrolides. Moreover, they can also target different cell components. Filamentous cyanobacteria have been the main source of these compounds. This review aims to identify the key features of these antifungal agents, as well as the sources from which they are obtained, their major targets, and the environmental factors involved when they are being produced. For the preparation of this work, a total of 642 documents dating from 1980 to 2022 were consulted, including patents, original research, review articles, and theses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cavalcante do Amaral
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pereira Xavier
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Vítor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Agenor Valadares Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
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Zhang Y, Goto Y, Suga H. Discovery, biochemical characterization, and bioengineering of cyanobactin prenyltransferases. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:360-374. [PMID: 36564250 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prenylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) widely found in primary and secondary metabolism. This modification can enhance the lipophilicity of molecules, enabling them to interact with lipid membranes more effectively. The prenylation of peptides is often carried out by cyanobactin prenyltransferases (PTases) from cyanobacteria. These enzymes are of interest due to their ability to add prenyl groups to unmodified peptides, thus making them more effective therapeutics through the subsequent acquisition of increased membrane permeability and bioavailability. Herein we review the current knowledge of cyanobactin PTases, focusing on their discovery, biochemistry, and bioengineering, and highlight the potential application of them as peptide alkylation biocatalysts to generate peptide therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuki Goto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Eaton SA, Ronnebaum TA, Roose BW, Christianson DW. Structural Basis of Substrate Promiscuity and Catalysis by the Reverse Prenyltransferase N-Dimethylallyl-l-tryptophan Synthase from Fusarium fujikuroi. Biochemistry 2022; 61:2025-2035. [PMID: 36084241 PMCID: PMC9648991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The regiospecific prenylation of an aromatic amino acid catalyzed by a dimethylallyl-l-tryptophan synthase (DMATS) is a key step in the biosynthesis of many fungal and bacterial natural products. DMATS enzymes share a common "ABBA" fold with divergent active site contours that direct alternative C-C, C-N, and C-O bond-forming trajectories. DMATS1 from Fusarium fujikuroi catalyzes the reverse N-prenylation of l-Trp by generating an allylic carbocation from dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) that then alkylates the indole nitrogen of l-Trp. DMATS1 stands out among the greater DMATS family because it exhibits unusually broad substrate specificity: it can utilize geranyl diphosphate (GPP) or l-Tyr as an alternative prenyl donor or acceptor, respectively; it can catalyze both forward and reverse prenylation, i.e., at C1 or C3 of DMAPP; and it can catalyze C-N and C-O bond-forming reactions. Here, we report the crystal structures of DMATS1 and its complexes with l-Trp or l-Tyr and unreactive thiolodiphosphate analogues of the prenyl donors DMAPP and GPP. Structures of ternary complexes mimic Michaelis complexes with actual substrates and illuminate active site features that govern prenylation regiochemistry. Comparison with CymD, a bacterial enzyme that catalyzes the reverse N-prenylation of l-Trp with DMAPP, indicates that bacterial and fungal DMATS enzymes share a conserved reaction mechanism. However, the narrower active site contour of CymD enforces narrower substrate specificity. Structure-function relationships established for DMATS enzymes will ultimately inform protein engineering experiments that will broaden the utility of these enzymes as useful tools for synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Eaton
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Trey A. Ronnebaum
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin W. Roose
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - David W. Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
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LimF is a versatile prenyltransferase for histidine-C-geranylation on diverse non-natural substrates. Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Couillaud J, Duquesne K, Iacazio G. Extension of the Terpene Chemical Space: the Very First Biosynthetic Steps. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100642. [PMID: 34905641 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The structural diversity of terpenes is particularly notable and many studies are carried out to increase it further. In the terpene biosynthetic pathway this diversity is accessible from only two common precursors, i. e. isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). Methods recently developed (e. g. the Terpene Mini Path) have allowed DMAPP and IPP to be obtained from a two-step enzymatic conversion of industrially available isopentenol (IOH) and dimethylallyl alcohol (DMAOH) into their corresponding diphosphates. Easily available IOH and DMAOH analogues then offer quick access to modified terpenoids thus avoiding the tedious chemical synthesis of unnatural diphosphates. The aim of this minireview is to cover the literature devoted to the use of these analogues for widening the accessible terpene chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Couillaud
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille, CNRS UMR 7313, Av. Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13013, Marseille, France.,Actual address: Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katia Duquesne
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille, CNRS UMR 7313, Av. Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Iacazio
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille, CNRS UMR 7313, Av. Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13013, Marseille, France
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Gao B, Yang B, Feng X, Li C. Recent advances in the biosynthesis strategies of nitrogen heterocyclic natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:139-162. [PMID: 34374396 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2015 to 2020Nitrogen heterocyclic natural products (NHNPs) are primary or secondary metabolites containing nitrogen heterocyclic (N-heterocyclic) skeletons. Due to the existence of the N-heterocyclic structure, NHNPs exhibit various bioactivities such as anticancer and antibacterial, which makes them widely used in medicines, pesticides, and food additives. However, the low content of these NHNPs in native organisms severely restricts their commercial application. Although a variety of NHNPs have been produced through extraction or chemical synthesis strategies, these methods suffer from several problems. The development of biotechnology provides new options for the production of NHNPs. This review introduces the recent progress of two strategies for the biosynthesis of NHNPs: enzymatic biosynthesis and microbial cell factory. In the enzymatic biosynthesis part, the recent progress in the mining of enzymes that synthesize N-heterocyclic skeletons (e.g., pyrrole, piperidine, diketopiperazine, and isoquinoline), the engineering of tailoring enzymes, and enzyme cascades constructed to synthesize NHNPs are discussed. In the microbial cell factory part, with tropane alkaloids (TAs) and tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) alkaloids as the representative compounds, the strategies of unraveling unknown natural biosynthesis pathways of NHNPs in plants are summarized, and various metabolic engineering strategies to enhance their production in microbes are introduced. Ultimately, future perspectives for accelerating the biosynthesis of NHNPs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xudong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China. and SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China and Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Al-Yousef HM, Amina M. Phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities of cyanobacterium Fischerella ambigua. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Chang HY, Cheng TH, Wang AHJ. Structure, catalysis, and inhibition mechanism of prenyltransferase. IUBMB Life 2020; 73:40-63. [PMID: 33246356 PMCID: PMC7839719 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Isoprenoids, also known as terpenes or terpenoids, represent a large family of natural products composed of five‐carbon isopentenyl diphosphate or its isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate as the building blocks. Isoprenoids are structurally and functionally diverse and include dolichols, steroid hormones, carotenoids, retinoids, aromatic metabolites, the isoprenoid side‐chain of ubiquinone, and isoprenoid attached signaling proteins. Productions of isoprenoids are catalyzed by a group of enzymes known as prenyltransferases, such as farnesyltransferases, geranylgeranyltransferases, terpenoid cyclase, squalene synthase, aromatic prenyltransferase, and cis‐ and trans‐prenyltransferases. Because these enzymes are key in cellular processes and metabolic pathways, they are expected to be potential targets in new drug discovery. In this review, six distinct subsets of characterized prenyltransferases are structurally and mechanistically classified, including (1) head‐to‐tail prenyl synthase, (2) head‐to‐head prenyl synthase, (3) head‐to‐middle prenyl synthase, (4) terpenoid cyclase, (5) aromatic prenyltransferase, and (6) protein prenylation. Inhibitors of those enzymes for potential therapies against several diseases are discussed. Lastly, recent results on the structures of integral membrane enzyme, undecaprenyl pyrophosphate phosphatase, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yang Chang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andrew H-J Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Johnson BP, Scull EM, Dimas DA, Bavineni T, Bandari C, Batchev AL, Gardner ED, Nimmo SL, Singh S. Acceptor substrate determines donor specificity of an aromatic prenyltransferase: expanding the biocatalytic potential of NphB. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4383-4395. [PMID: 32189045 PMCID: PMC7190591 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Aromatic prenyltransferases are known for their extensive promiscuity toward aromatic acceptor substrates and their ability to form various carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Of particular interest among the prenyltransferases is NphB, whose ability to geranylate cannabinoid precursors has been utilized in several in vivo and in vitro systems. It has therefore been established that prenyltransferases can be utilized as biocatalysts for the generation of useful compounds. However, recent observations of non-native alkyl-donor promiscuity among prenyltransferases indicate the role of NphB in biocatalysis could be expanded beyond geranylation reactions. Therefore, the goal of this study was to elucidate the donor promiscuity of NphB using different acceptor substrates. Herein, we report distinct donor profiles between NphB-catalyzed reactions involving the known substrate 1,6-dihydroxynaphthalene and an FDA-approved drug molecule sulfabenzamide. Furthermore, we report the first instance of regiospecific, NphB-catalyzed N-alkylation of sulfabenzamide using a library of non-native alkyl-donors, indicating the biocatalytic potential of NphB as a late-stage diversification tool. Key Points • NphB can utilize the antibacterial drug sulfabenzamide as an acceptor. • The donor profile of NphB changes dramatically with the choice of acceptor. • NphB performs a previously unknown regiospecific N-alkylation on sulfabenzamide. • Prenyltransferases like NphB can be utilized as drug-alkylating biocatalysts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00253-020-10529-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce P Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Erin M Scull
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Dustin A Dimas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Tejaswi Bavineni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Chandrasekhar Bandari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Andrea L Batchev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Eric D Gardner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Susan L Nimmo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Shanteri Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
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