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Conrad B, Yang F. Hydroxyapatite-coated gelatin microribbon scaffolds induce rapid endogenous cranial bone regeneration in vivo. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 140:213050. [PMID: 35917686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) has a composition similar to mineral bone and has been used for coating macroporous scaffolds to enhance bone formation. However, previous macroporous scaffolds did not support minimally invasive delivery. Our lab has reported on gelatin-based microribbon (μRB) shaped hydrogels, which combine injectability with macroporosity and support cranial bone formation in an immunocompromised mouse model. However, gelatin alone was not sufficient to support cranial bone formation in immunocompetent animals. To overcome this challenge, here we evaluated two methods to incorporate HA into gelatin μRB scaffolds using either modified simulated body fluid (mSBF) or commercially available HA nanoparticles (HAnp). HA incorporation and distribution were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. While both methods enhanced MSC osteogenesis and mineralization, the mSBF method led to undesirable reduction in mechanical properties. HAnp-coated μRB scaffolds were further evaluated in an immunocompetent mouse cranial defect model. Acellular HAnp-coated gelatin μRB scaffolds induced rapid and robust endogenous cranial bone regeneration as shown by MicroCT imaging and histology. Co-delivery with exogenous MSCs led to later bone resorption accompanied by increased osteoclast activity. In summary, our results demonstrate the promise of gelatin μRBs with HAnps as a promising therapy for cranial bone regeneration without the need for exogenous cells or growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Conrad
- Program of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 240 Pasteur Dr., Biomedical Innovation Building 1200, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States of America.
| | - Fan Yang
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering Stanford University, 240 Pasteur Dr., Biomedical Innovation Building 1200, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States of America.
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2
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Conrad B, Hayashi C, Yang F. Gelatin-Based Microribbon Hydrogels Support Robust MSC Osteogenesis across a Broad Range of Stiffness. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3454-3463. [PMID: 33463171 PMCID: PMC10154176 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Scaffold macroporosity has been shown to be critical for promoting bone regeneration. Although injectable materials are preferred for minimally invasive delivery, conventional macroporous scaffolds were not injectable and do not support homogeneous cell encapsulation. We recently reported a gelatin-based microribbon (μRB) scaffold that offers macroporosity while also supporting homogeneous cell encapsulation. Compared to conventional gelatin hydrogels, macroporous gelatin μRB scaffolds demonstrated great advantage in enhancing mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based cartilage formation. However, whether gelatin-based μRBs support MSC osteogenesis and bone formation remains unknown. The goal of this study is to assess the potential of gelatin-based μRBs for supporting MSC-based osteogenesis and bone formation in vitro. Given recent evidence from the literature that osteogenesis is sensitive to substrate stiffness, we further investigate how varying μRB stiffness modulates MSC osteogenesis. We first determine the maximal stiffness range of gelatin μRBs that can be fabricated (13-57 kPa), which supports both retention of μRB shape and macroporosity within scaffolds after inter-cross-linking. Interestingly, varying μRB stiffness across a broad range of stiffness did not significantly impact osteogenesis, with all groups supporting upregulation of bone markers and extensive collagen deposition. All gelatin μRBs also supported a comparable level of cell spreading and upregulation of mechanosensing markers. However, soft μRB (13 kPa) scaffolds did not maintain structural integrity and condensed into a pellet over time. Both intermediate and stiff gelatin μRB-based scaffolds maintained their integrity and supported robust bone formation, leading to a more than 10-fold increase in the compressive moduli of engineered bone after 5 weeks of culture in osteogenic media. Incorporating hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticle coating onto the gelatin μRB surface further accelerated the maturation of MSCs into osteoblasts and mineralization. Together, these results validate that gelatin μRBs can support MSC osteogenesis across a broad range of stiffness and offers an injectable macroporous scaffold for enhancing stem-cell-based bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Conrad
- Program of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Edward Building Room 114, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Camila Hayashi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University Shriram Center, Room 129, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University300 Pasteur Drive, Edward Building Room 114, Stanford, California94305, United States
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3
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Wang WH, Wang F, Zhao HF, Yan K, Huang CL, Yin Y, Huang Q, Chen ZZ, Zhu WY. Injectable Magnesium-Zinc Alloy Containing Hydrogel Complex for Bone Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:617585. [PMID: 33324628 PMCID: PMC7726114 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.617585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) has been widely used in bone engineering. It can also be filled into the calvarial defects with irregular shape. However, lack of osteoinductive capacity limits its potential as a candidate repair material for calvarial defects. In this study, we developed an injectable magnesium-zinc alloy containing hydrogel complex (Mg-IHC), in which the alloy was fabricated in an atomization process and had small sphere, regular shape, and good fluidity. Mg-IHC can be injected and plastically shaped. After cross-linking, it contents the elastic modulus similar to GelMA, and has inner holes suitable for nutrient transportation. Furthermore, Mg-IHC showed promising biocompatibility according to our evaluations of its cell adhesion, growth status, and proliferating activity. The results of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, ALP staining, alizarin red staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) further indicated that Mg-IHC could significantly promote the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells and upregulate the genetic expression of collagen I (COL-I), osteocalcin (OCN), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). Finally, after applied to a mouse model of critical-sized calvarial defect, Mg-IHC remarkably enhanced bone formation at the defect site. All of these results suggest that Mg-IHC can promote bone regeneration and can be potentially considered as a candidate for calvarial defect repairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hai-Feng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ke Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cui-Ling Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second People’s Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yin Yin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zao-Zao Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zao-Zao Chen,
| | - Wen-Yu Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Wen-Yu Zhu,
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4
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Chan CKF, Gulati GS, Sinha R, Tompkins JV, Lopez M, Carter AC, Ransom RC, Reinisch A, Wearda T, Murphy M, Brewer RE, Koepke LS, Marecic O, Manjunath A, Seo EY, Leavitt T, Lu WJ, Nguyen A, Conley SD, Salhotra A, Ambrosi TH, Borrelli MR, Siebel T, Chan K, Schallmoser K, Seita J, Sahoo D, Goodnough H, Bishop J, Gardner M, Majeti R, Wan DC, Goodman S, Weissman IL, Chang HY, Longaker MT. Identification of the Human Skeletal Stem Cell. Cell 2019; 175:43-56.e21. [PMID: 30241615 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell regulation and hierarchical organization of human skeletal progenitors remain largely unexplored. Here, we report the isolation of a self-renewing and multipotent human skeletal stem cell (hSSC) that generates progenitors of bone, cartilage, and stroma, but not fat. Self-renewing and multipotent hSSCs are present in fetal and adult bones and can also be derived from BMP2-treated human adipose stroma (B-HAS) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Gene expression analysis of individual hSSCs reveals overall similarity between hSSCs obtained from different sources and partially explains skewed differentiation toward cartilage in fetal and iPSC-derived hSSCs. hSSCs undergo local expansion in response to acute skeletal injury. In addition, hSSC-derived stroma can maintain human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSCs) in serum-free culture conditions. Finally, we combine gene expression and epigenetic data of mouse skeletal stem cells (mSSCs) and hSSCs to identify evolutionarily conserved and divergent pathways driving SSC-mediated skeletogenesis. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles K F Chan
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Gunsagar S Gulati
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rahul Sinha
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Michael Lopez
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ava C Carter
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ryan C Ransom
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andreas Reinisch
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Taylor Wearda
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew Murphy
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rachel E Brewer
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lauren S Koepke
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Owen Marecic
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anoop Manjunath
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eun Young Seo
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tripp Leavitt
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wan-Jin Lu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Allison Nguyen
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephanie D Conley
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ankit Salhotra
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas H Ambrosi
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mimi R Borrelli
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Taylor Siebel
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karen Chan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Jun Seita
- Medical Sciences Innovation Hub Program, RIKEN, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Departments of Pediatrics and Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Henry Goodnough
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julius Bishop
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Gardner
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Derrick C Wan
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stuart Goodman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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5
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Collignon AM, Castillo-Dali G, Gomez E, Guilbert T, Lesieur J, Nicoletti A, Acuna-Mendoza S, Letourneur D, Chaussain C, Rochefort GY, Poliard A. Mouse Wnt1-CRE
-Rosa
Tomato
Dental Pulp Stem Cells Directly Contribute to the Calvarial Bone Regeneration Process. Stem Cells 2019; 37:701-711. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Margaux Collignon
- EA 2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery, and Biotherapies, Dental School Faculty; University Paris Descartes, and Life Imaging Platform (PIV); Montrouge France
- University Hospitals, AP-HP; Paris France
| | - Gabriel Castillo-Dali
- EA 2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery, and Biotherapies, Dental School Faculty; University Paris Descartes, and Life Imaging Platform (PIV); Montrouge France
| | - Eduardo Gomez
- EA 2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery, and Biotherapies, Dental School Faculty; University Paris Descartes, and Life Imaging Platform (PIV); Montrouge France
| | - Thomas Guilbert
- Plateforme IMAG'IC, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104; University Paris Descartes; Paris France
| | - Julie Lesieur
- EA 2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery, and Biotherapies, Dental School Faculty; University Paris Descartes, and Life Imaging Platform (PIV); Montrouge France
| | - Antonino Nicoletti
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science; University Paris Diderot, University Paris 13, Bichat Hospital, and Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) FIRE; Paris France
| | - Soledad Acuna-Mendoza
- EA 2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery, and Biotherapies, Dental School Faculty; University Paris Descartes, and Life Imaging Platform (PIV); Montrouge France
| | - Didier Letourneur
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science; University Paris Diderot, University Paris 13, Bichat Hospital, and Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) FIRE; Paris France
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- EA 2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery, and Biotherapies, Dental School Faculty; University Paris Descartes, and Life Imaging Platform (PIV); Montrouge France
- University Hospitals, AP-HP; Paris France
| | - Gael Y. Rochefort
- EA 2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery, and Biotherapies, Dental School Faculty; University Paris Descartes, and Life Imaging Platform (PIV); Montrouge France
| | - Anne Poliard
- EA 2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery, and Biotherapies, Dental School Faculty; University Paris Descartes, and Life Imaging Platform (PIV); Montrouge France
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6
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In Vitro and In Vivo Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 30414122 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8904-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are a promising population of cells that may be useful for the regeneration of human tissue defects. ASCs are capable of forming bone tissue in vitro and in vivo. Further work is required to determine the optimal conditions that will allow human ASCs to regenerate tissue in clinically significant tissue defects. Here we present three experimental protocols that are indispensable for the study of ASC osteogenic activity.
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7
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Abstract
Craniofacial surgery, since its inauguration, has been the culmination of collaborative efforts to solve complex congenital, dysplastic, oncological, and traumatic cranial bone defects. Now, 50 years on from the first craniofacial meeting, the collaborative efforts between surgeons, scientists, and bioengineers are further advancing craniofacial surgery with new discoveries in tissue regeneration. Recent advances in regenerative medicine and stem cell biology have transformed the authors' understanding of bone healing, the role of stem cells governing bone healing, and the effects of the niche environment and extracellular matrix on stem cell fate. This review aims at summarizing the advances within each of these fields.
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8
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Marshall CD, Zielins ER, Brett EA, Blackshear CP, Hu MS, Leavitt T, Barnes LA, Lorenz HP, Longaker MT, Wan DC. Rapid Isolation of BMPR-IB+ Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells for Use in a Calvarial Defect Healing Model. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28287559 DOI: 10.3791/55120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive cancers, major injuries, and infection can cause bone defects that are too large to be reconstructed with preexisting bone from the patient's own body. The ability to grow bone de novo using a patient's own cells would allow bony defects to be filled with adequate tissue without the morbidity of harvesting native bone. There is interest in the use of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) as a source for tissue engineering because these are obtained from an abundant source: the patient's own adipose tissue. However, ASCs are a heterogeneous population and some subpopulations may be more effective in this application than others. Isolation of the most osteogenic population of ASCs could improve the efficiency and effectiveness of a bone engineering process. In this protocol, ASCs are obtained from subcutaneous fat tissue from a human donor. The subpopulation of ASCs expressing the marker BMPR-IB is isolated using FACS. These cells are then applied to an in vivo calvarial defect healing assay and are found to have improved osteogenic regenerative potential compared with unsorted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement D Marshall
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Elizabeth R Zielins
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Elizabeth A Brett
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Charles P Blackshear
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Michael S Hu
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Tripp Leavitt
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Leandra A Barnes
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - H Peter Lorenz
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Derrick C Wan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine;
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9
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Daldrup-Link HE, Chan C, Lenkov O, Taghavigarmestani S, Nazekati T, Nejadnik H, Chapelin F, Khurana A, Tong X, Yang F, Pisani L, Longaker M, Gambhir SS. Detection of Stem Cell Transplant Rejection with Ferumoxytol MR Imaging: Correlation of MR Imaging Findings with Those at Intravital Microscopy. Radiology 2017; 284:495-507. [PMID: 28128708 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017161139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether endogenous labeling of macrophages with clinically applicable nanoparticles enables noninvasive detection of innate immune responses to stem cell transplants with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Materials and Methods Work with human stem cells was approved by the institutional review board and the stem cell research oversight committee, and animal experiments were approved by the administrative panel on laboratory animal care. Nine immunocompetent Sprague-Dawley rats received intravenous injection of ferumoxytol, and 18 Jax C57BL/6-Tg (Csf1r-EGFP-NGFR/FKBP1A/TNFRSF6) 2Bck/J mice received rhodamine-conjugated ferumoxytol. Then, 48 hours later, immune-matched or mismatched stem cells were implanted into osteochondral defects of the knee joints of experimental rats and calvarial defects of Jax mice. All animals underwent serial MR imaging and intravital microscopy (IVM) up to 4 weeks after surgery. Macrophages of Jax C57BL/6-Tg (Csf1r-EGFP-NGFR/FKBP1A/TNFRSF6) 2Bck/J mice express enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP), which enables in vivo correlation of ferumoxytol enhancement at MR imaging with macrophage quantities at IVM. All quantitative data were compared between experimental groups by using a mixed linear model and t tests. Results Immune-mismatched stem cell implants demonstrated stronger ferumoxytol enhancement than did matched stem cell implants. At 4 weeks, T2 values of mismatched implants were significantly lower than those of matched implants in osteochondral defects of female rats (mean, 10.72 msec for human stem cells and 11.55 msec for male rat stem cells vs 15.45 msec for sex-matched rat stem cells; P = .02 and P = .04, respectively) and calvarial defects of recipient mice (mean, 21.7 msec vs 27.1 msec, respectively; P = .0444). This corresponded to increased recruitment of enhanced GFP- and rhodamine-ferumoxytol-positive macrophages into stem cell transplants, as visualized with IVM and histopathologic examination. Conclusion Endogenous labeling of macrophages with ferumoxytol enables noninvasive detection of innate immune responses to stem cell transplants with MR imaging. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike E Daldrup-Link
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Carmel Chan
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Olga Lenkov
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Seyedmeghdad Taghavigarmestani
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Toktam Nazekati
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Hossein Nejadnik
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Fanny Chapelin
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Aman Khurana
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Xinming Tong
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Fan Yang
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Laura Pisani
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Michael Longaker
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
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10
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Parisi-Amon A, Lo DD, Montoro DT, Dewi RE, Longaker MT, Heilshorn SC. Protein–Nanoparticle Hydrogels That Self-assemble in Response to Peptide-Based Molecular Recognition. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:750-756. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David D. Lo
- Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Daniel T. Montoro
- Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ruby E. Dewi
- Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, McCullough 246, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, McCullough 246, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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11
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Dicarlo M, Bianchi N, Ferretti C, Orciani M, Di Primio R, Mattioli-Belmonte M. Evidence Supporting a Paracrine Effect of IGF-1/VEGF on Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Commitment. Cells Tissues Organs 2016; 201:333-41. [PMID: 27179123 DOI: 10.1159/000445346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Healing of skeletal defects is strictly dependent on osteogenesis and efficient vascularization of engineered scaffolds. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are both involved in these processes. The in vitro administration of IGF-1 in association with VEGF is able to modulate the osteoblastic or endothelial commitment of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of different origins (e.g. periosteum and skin). In the present study, in order to deepen a possible paracrine effect of IGF-1 and VEGF on periosteum-derived progenitor cells (PDPCs) and skin-derived MSCs (S-MSCs), a Transwell coculture approach was used. We explored the genes involved in endothelial and osteoblastic differentiation, those modulating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathways as well as genes implicated in stemness (i.e. Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog). Periosteal cells, which are typically committed toward osteoblastogenesis, are driven in the direction of endothelial gene expression when influenced by S-MSCs. The latter, once influenced by PDPCs, lose their endothelial commitment and increase the expression of osteoblast-associated genes. PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways seem to be markedly involved in this behavior. Our results evidence that paracrine signals between MSCs may differently modulate their commitment in a bone microenvironment, opening stimulating viewpoints for skeletal tissue engineering strategies coupling angiogenesis and osteogenesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Dicarlo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Universitx00E0; Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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12
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Pei M, Li J, McConda DB, Wen S, Clovis NB, Danley SS. A comparison of tissue engineering based repair of calvarial defects using adipose stem cells from normal and osteoporotic rats. Bone 2015; 78:1-10. [PMID: 25940459 PMCID: PMC4466199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Repairing large bone defects presents a significant challenge, especially in those people who have a limited regenerative capacity such as in osteoporotic (OP) patients. The aim of this study was to compare adipose stem cells (ASCs) from both normal (NORM) and ovariectomized (OVX) rats in osteogenic potential using both in vitro and in vivo models. After successful establishment of a rat OP model, we found that ASCs from OVX rats exhibited a comparable proliferation capacity to those from NORM rats but had significantly higher adipogenic and relatively lower osteogenic potential. Thirty-two weeks post-implantation with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) alone or PLGA seeded with osteogenic-induced ASCs for critical-size calvarial defects, the data from Herovici's collagen staining and micro-computed tomography suggested that the implantation of ASC-PLGA constructs exhibited a higher bone volume density compared to the PLGA alone group, especially in the NORM rat group. Intriguingly, the defects from OVX rats exhibited a higher bone volume density compared to NORM rats, especially for implantation of the PLGA alone group. Our results indicated that ASC based tissue constructs are more beneficial for the repair of calvarial defects in NORM rats while implantation of PLGA scaffold contributed to defect regeneration in OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA; Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9227, USA.
| | - Jingting Li
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA; Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9227, USA
| | - David B McConda
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA
| | - Sijin Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506-9190, USA
| | - Nina B Clovis
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA
| | - Suzanne S Danley
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA
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13
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Li S, Huang KJ, Wu JC, Hu MS, Sanyal M, Hu M, Longaker MT, Lorenz HP. Peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells: candidate cells responsible for healing critical-sized calvarial bone defects. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:359-68. [PMID: 25742693 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Postnatal tissue-specific stem/progenitor cells hold great promise to enhance repair of damaged tissues. Many of these cells are retrieved from bone marrow or adipose tissue via invasive procedures. Peripheral blood is an ideal alternative source for the stem/progenitor cells because of its ease of retrieval. We present a coculture system that routinely produces a group of cells from adult peripheral blood. Treatment with these cells enhanced healing of critical-size bone defects in the mouse calvarium, a proof of principle that peripheral blood-derived cells can be used to heal bone defects. From these cells, we isolated a subset of CD45(-) cells with a fibroblastic morphology. The CD45(-) cells were responsible for most of the differentiation-induced calcification activity and were most likely responsible for the enhanced healing process. These CD45(-) fibroblastic cells are plastic-adherent and exhibit a surface marker profile negative for CD34, CD19, CD11b, lineage, and c-kit and positive for stem cell antigen 1, CD73, CD44, CD90.1, CD29, CD105, CD106, and CD140α. Furthermore, these cells exhibited osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and adipogenesis capabilities. The CD45(-) fibroblastic cells are the first peripheral blood-derived cells that fulfill the criteria of mesenchymal stem cells as defined by the International Society for Cellular Therapy. We have named these cells "blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells."
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Li
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pathology and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ke-Jung Huang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pathology and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jen-Chieh Wu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pathology and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael S Hu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pathology and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mrinmoy Sanyal
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pathology and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Min Hu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pathology and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pathology and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - H Peter Lorenz
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pathology and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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14
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Adipose-derived mesenchymal cells for bone regereneration: state of the art. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:416391. [PMID: 24307997 PMCID: PMC3838853 DOI: 10.1155/2013/416391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue represents a hot topic in regenerative medicine because of the tissue source abundance, the relatively easy retrieval, and the inherent biological properties of mesenchymal stem cells residing in its stroma. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are indeed multipotent somatic stem cells exhibiting growth kinetics and plasticity, proved to induce efficient tissue regeneration in several biomedical applications. A defined consensus for their isolation, classification, and characterization has been very recently achieved. In particular, bone tissue reconstruction and regeneration based on ASCs has emerged as a promising approach to restore structure and function of bone compromised by injury or disease. ASCs have been used in combination with osteoinductive biomaterial and/or osteogenic molecules, in either static or dynamic culture systems, to improve bone regeneration in several animal models. To date, few clinical trials on ASC-based bone reconstruction have been concluded and proved effective. The aim of this review is to dissect the state of the art on ASC use in bone regenerative applications in the attempt to provide a comprehensive coverage of the topics, from the basic laboratory to recent clinical applications.
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Hyun J, Grova M, Nejadnik H, Lo D, Morrison S, Montoro D, Chung M, Zimmermann A, Walmsley GG, Lee M, Daldrup-Link H, Wan DC, Longaker MT. Enhancing in vivo survival of adipose-derived stromal cells through Bcl-2 overexpression using a minicircle vector. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:690-702. [PMID: 23934910 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration using progenitor cell-based therapy has the potential to aid in the healing of a diverse range of pathologies, ranging from short-gut syndrome to spinal cord lesions. However, there are numerous hurdles to be overcome prior to the widespread application of these cells in the clinical setting. One of the primary barriers to effective stem cell therapy is the hostile environment that progenitor cells encounter in the clinical injury wound setting. In order to promote cellular survival, stem cell differentiation, and participation in tissue regeneration, relevant cells and delivery scaffolds must be paired with strategies to prevent cell death to ensure that these cells can survive to form de novo tissue. The Bcl-2 protein is a prosurvival member of a family of proteins that regulate the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Using several strategies to overexpress the Bcl-2 protein, we demonstrated a decrease in the mediators of apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. This was shown through the use of two different clinical tissue repair models. Cells overexpressing Bcl-2 not only survived within the wound environment at a statistically significantly higher rate than control cells, but also increased tissue regeneration. Finally, we used a nonintegrating minicircle technology to achieve this in a potentially clinically applicable strategy for stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hyun
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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