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Kalvaitytė M, Gabrilavičiūtė S, Balciunas D. Rapid generation of single-insertion transgenics by Tol2 transposition in zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2024. [PMID: 38946125 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Tol2 transposable element is the most widely used transgenesis tool in zebrafish. However, its high activity almost always leads to multiple unlinked integrations of the transgenic cassette in F1 fish. Each of these transgenes is susceptible to positional effects from the surrounding regulatory landscape, which can lead to altered expression and, consequently, activity. Scientists therefore must strike a balance between the need to maximize reproducibility by establishing single-insertion transgenic lines and the need to complete experiments within a reasonable timeframe. RESULTS In this article, we introduce a simple competitive dilution strategy for rapid generation of single-insertion transgenics. By using cry:BFP reporter plasmid as a competitor, we achieved a nearly fourfold reduction in the number of the transgene of interest integrations while simultaneously increasing the proportion of single-insertion F1 generation transgenics to over 50%. We also observed variations in transgene of interest expression among independent single-insertion transgenics, highlighting that the commonly used ubiquitous ubb promoter is susceptible to position effects. CONCLUSIONS Wide application of our competitive dilution strategy will save time, reduce animal usage, and improve reproducibility of zebrafish research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglė Kalvaitytė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sofija Gabrilavičiūtė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Darius Balciunas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Cunningham CM, Bellipanni G, Habas R, Balciunas D. Deletion of morpholino binding sites (DeMOBS) to assess specificity of morphant phenotypes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15366. [PMID: 32958829 PMCID: PMC7506532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71708-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two complimentary approaches are widely used to study gene function in zebrafish: induction of genetic mutations, usually using targeted nucleases such as CRISPR/Cas9, and suppression of gene expression, typically using Morpholino oligomers. Neither method is perfect. Morpholinos (MOs) sometimes produce off-target or toxicity-related effects that can be mistaken for true phenotypes. Conversely, genetic mutants can be subject to compensation, or may fail to yield a null phenotype due to leakiness (e.g. use of cryptic splice sites or downstream AUGs). When discrepancy between mutant and morpholino-induced (morphant) phenotypes is observed, experimental validation of such phenotypes becomes very labor intensive. We have developed a simple genetic method to differentiate between genuine morphant phenotypes and those produced due to off-target effects. We speculated that indels within 5' untranslated regions would be unlikely to have a significant negative effect on gene expression. Mutations induced within a MO target site would result in a Morpholino-refractive allele thus suppressing true MO phenotypes whilst non-specific phenotypes would remain. We tested this hypothesis on one gene with an exclusively zygotic function, tbx5a, and one gene with strong maternal effect, ctnnb2. We found that indels within the Morpholino binding site are indeed able to suppress both zygotic and maternal morphant phenotypes. We also observed that the ability of such indels to suppress morpholino phenotypes does depend on the size and the location of the deletion. Nonetheless, mutating the morpholino binding sites in both maternal and zygotic genes can ascertain the specificity of morphant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianfranco Bellipanni
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Raymond Habas
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Darius Balciunas
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
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3
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Burg L, Palmer N, Kikhi K, Miroshnik ES, Rueckert H, Gaddy E, MacPherson Cunningham C, Mattonet K, Lai SL, Marín-Juez R, Waring RB, Stainier DYR, Balciunas D. Conditional mutagenesis by oligonucleotide-mediated integration of loxP sites in zebrafish. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007754. [PMID: 30427827 PMCID: PMC6261631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many eukaryotic genes play essential roles in multiple biological processes in several different tissues. Conditional mutants are needed to analyze genes with such pleiotropic functions. In vertebrates, conditional gene inactivation has only been feasible in the mouse, leaving other model systems to rely on surrogate experimental approaches such as overexpression of dominant negative proteins and antisense-based tools. Here, we have developed a simple and straightforward method to integrate loxP sequences at specific sites in the zebrafish genome using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology and oligonucleotide templates for homology directed repair. We engineered conditional (floxed) mutants of tbx20 and fleer, and demonstrate excision of exons flanked by loxP sites using tamoxifen-inducible CreERT2 recombinase. To demonstrate broad applicability of our method, we also integrated loxP sites into two additional genes, aldh1a2 and tcf21. The ease of this approach will further expand the use of zebrafish to study various aspects of vertebrate biology, especially post-embryonic processes such as regeneration. Some genes are expressed and function in a single tissue, and the effect of their loss on that tissue can be readily determined. Frequently, however, genes that are necessary for the development or maintenance of one tissue are also important for other tissues or cell types. Genes of the latter type are difficult to analyze because of the complications resulting from an organism having multiple defects in different tissues. The solution pioneered by mouse geneticists is to inactivate the gene of interest in only one tissue at a time. This elegant approach requires the ability to make specific edits to the genome, a technology that was not readily available to zebrafish researchers until recently. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tool, we have developed a simple, reliable, and efficient method to insert DNA sequences into the zebrafish genome that enable conditional gene inactivation. Our methodology will be useful not only for the study of genes that play important roles in multiple tissues, but also for the genetic analysis of biological processes which occur in adult animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Burg
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Palmer
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Khrievono Kikhi
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Evgeniya S. Miroshnik
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Helen Rueckert
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Eleanor Gaddy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Carlee MacPherson Cunningham
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kenny Mattonet
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Shih-Lei Lai
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rubén Marín-Juez
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Richard B. Waring
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Darius Balciunas
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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4
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Grajevskaja V, Camerota D, Bellipanni G, Balciuniene J, Balciunas D. Analysis of a conditional gene trap reveals that tbx5a is required for heart regeneration in zebrafish. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197293. [PMID: 29933372 PMCID: PMC6014646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to conditionally inactivate genes is instrumental for fine genetic analysis of all biological processes, but is especially important for studies of biological events, such as regeneration, which occur late in ontogenesis or in adult life. We have constructed and tested a fully conditional gene trap vector, and used it to inactivate tbx5a in the cardiomyocytes of larval and adult zebrafish. We observe that loss of tbx5a function significantly impairs the ability of zebrafish hearts to regenerate after ventricular resection, indicating that Tbx5a plays an essential role in the transcriptional program of heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Grajevskaja
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Diana Camerota
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Gianfranco Bellipanni
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Jorune Balciuniene
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Darius Balciunas
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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5
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Internal epitope tagging informed by relative lack of sequence conservation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36986. [PMID: 27892520 PMCID: PMC5125009 DOI: 10.1038/srep36986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Many experimental techniques rely on specific recognition and stringent binding of proteins by antibodies. This can readily be achieved by introducing an epitope tag. We employed an approach that uses a relative lack of evolutionary conservation to inform epitope tag site selection, followed by integration of the tag-coding sequence into the endogenous locus in zebrafish. We demonstrate that an internal epitope tag is accessible for antibody binding, and that tagged proteins retain wild type function.
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Abstract
Methods to label cell populations selectively or to modify their gene expression are critical tools in the study of developmental or physiological processes in vivo. A variety of approaches have been applied to the zebrafish model, capitalizing on Tol2 transposition to generate transgenic lines with high efficiency. Here we describe the adoption of the Q system of Neurospora crassa, which includes the QF transcription factor and the upstream activating sequence (QUAS) to which it binds. These components function as a bipartite regulatory system similar to that of yeast Gal4/UAS, producing robust expression in transient assays of zebrafish embryos injected with plasmids and in stable transgenic lines. An important advantage, however, is that QUAS-regulated transgenes appear far less susceptible to transcriptional silencing even after seven generations. This chapter describes some of the Q system reagents that have been developed for zebrafish, as well as the use of the QF transcription factor for isolation of tissue-specific driver lines from gene/enhancer trap screens. Additional strategies successfully implemented in invertebrate models, such as a truncated QF transcription factor (QF2) or the reassembly of a split QF, are also discussed. The provided information, and available Gateway-based vectors, should enable those working with the zebrafish model to implement the Q system with minimal effort or to use it in combination with Gal4, Cre, or other regulatory systems for further refinement of transcriptional control.
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Abstract
Targeting nucleases like zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated (CRISPR/Cas) system have revolutionized genome-editing possibilities in many model organisms. They allow the generation of loss-of-function alleles by the introduction of double-strand breaks at defined sites within genes, but also more sophisticated genome-editing approaches have become possible. These include the integration of donor plasmid DNA into the genome by homology-independent repair mechanisms after CRISPR/Cas9-mediated cleavage. Here we present a protocol outlining the most important steps to target a genomic site and to integrate a donor plasmid at this defined locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O Auer
- Neuronal Circuit Development Group, Unité de Génétique et Biologie du Développement, U934/UMR3215, Pole de Biologie du Développement et Cancer, Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France.
- CNRS UMR 3215, 75248, Paris, France.
- INSERM U934, 75248, Paris, France.
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Génopode Building, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Filippo Del Bene
- Neuronal Circuit Development Group, Unité de Génétique et Biologie du Développement, U934/UMR3215, Pole de Biologie du Développement et Cancer, Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France.
- CNRS UMR 3215, 75248, Paris, France.
- INSERM U934, 75248, Paris, France.
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8
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Seiler C, Gebhart N, Zhang Y, Shinton SA, Li YS, Ross NL, Liu X, Li Q, Bilbee AN, Varshney GK, LaFave MC, Burgess SM, Balciuniene J, Balciunas D, Hardy RR, Kappes DJ, Wiest DL, Rhodes J. Mutagenesis Screen Identifies agtpbp1 and eps15L1 as Essential for T lymphocyte Development in Zebrafish. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131908. [PMID: 26161877 PMCID: PMC4498767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic screens are a powerful tool to discover genes that are important in immune cell development and function. The evolutionarily conserved development of lymphoid cells paired with the genetic tractability of zebrafish make this a powerful model system for this purpose. We used a Tol2-based gene-breaking transposon to induce mutations in the zebrafish (Danio rerio, AB strain) genome, which served the dual purpose of fluorescently tagging cells and tissues that express the disrupted gene and provided a means of identifying the disrupted gene. We identified 12 lines in which hematopoietic tissues expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) during embryonic development, as detected by microscopy. Subsequent analysis of young adult fish, using a novel approach in which single cell suspensions of whole fish were analyzed by flow cytometry, revealed that 8 of these lines also exhibited GFP expression in young adult cells. An additional 15 lines that did not have embryonic GFP+ hematopoietic tissue by microscopy, nevertheless exhibited GFP+ cells in young adults. RT-PCR analysis of purified GFP+ populations for expression of T and B cell-specific markers identified 18 lines in which T and/or B cells were fluorescently tagged at 6 weeks of age. As transposon insertion is expected to cause gene disruption, these lines can be used to assess the requirement for the disrupted genes in immune cell development. Focusing on the lines with embryonic GFP+ hematopoietic tissue, we identified three lines in which homozygous mutants exhibited impaired T cell development at 6 days of age. In two of the lines we identified the disrupted genes, agtpbp1 and eps15L1. Morpholino-mediated knockdown of these genes mimicked the T cell defects in the corresponding mutant embryos, demonstrating the previously unrecognized, essential roles of agtpbp1 and eps15L1 in T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Seiler
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nichole Gebhart
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yong Zhang
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Susan A. Shinton
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yue-sheng Li
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nicola L. Ross
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xingjun Liu
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Qin Li
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alison N. Bilbee
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gaurav K. Varshney
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matthew C. LaFave
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shawn M. Burgess
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jorune Balciuniene
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Darius Balciunas
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Richard R. Hardy
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dietmar J. Kappes
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David L. Wiest
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Rhodes
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Otsuna H, Hutcheson DA, Duncan RN, McPherson AD, Scoresby AN, Gaynes BF, Tong Z, Fujimoto E, Kwan KM, Chien CB, Dorsky RI. High-resolution analysis of central nervous system expression patterns in zebrafish Gal4 enhancer-trap lines. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:785-96. [PMID: 25694140 PMCID: PMC4449297 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of the Gal4/UAS system to enhancer and gene trapping screens in zebrafish has greatly increased the ability to label and manipulate cell populations in multiple tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). However the ability to select existing lines for specific applications has been limited by the lack of detailed expression analysis. RESULTS We describe a Gal4 enhancer trap screen in which we used advanced image analysis, including three-dimensional confocal reconstructions and documentation of expression patterns at multiple developmental time points. In all, we have created and annotated 98 lines exhibiting a wide range of expression patterns, most of which include CNS expression. Expression was also observed in nonneural tissues such as muscle, skin epithelium, vasculature, and neural crest derivatives. All lines and data are publicly available from the Zebrafish International Research Center (ZIRC) from the Zebrafish Model Organism Database (ZFIN). CONCLUSIONS Our detailed documentation of expression patterns, combined with the public availability of images and fish lines, provides a valuable resource for researchers wishing to study CNS development and function in zebrafish. Our data also suggest that many existing enhancer trap lines may have previously uncharacterized expression in multiple tissues and cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Otsuna
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - David A Hutcheson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Robert N Duncan
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Adam D McPherson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Aaron N Scoresby
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Brooke F Gaynes
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Zongzong Tong
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Esther Fujimoto
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kristen M Kwan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Chi-Bin Chien
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Richard I Dorsky
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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10
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Craig MP, Grajevskaja V, Liao HK, Balciuniene J, Ekker SC, Park JS, Essner JJ, Balciunas D, Sumanas S. Etv2 and fli1b function together as key regulators of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:865-76. [PMID: 25722433 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The E26 transformation-specific domain transcription factor Etv2/Etsrp/ER71 is a master regulator of vascular endothelial differentiation during vasculogenesis, although its later role in sprouting angiogenesis remains unknown. Here, we investigated in the zebrafish model a role for Etv2 and related E26 transformation-specific factors, Fli1a and Fli1b in developmental angiogenesis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Zebrafish fli1a and fli1b mutants were obtained using transposon-mediated gene trap approach. Individual fli1a and fli1b homozygous mutant embryos display normal vascular patterning, yet the angiogenic recovery observed in older etv2 mutant embryos does not occur in embryos lacking both etv2 and fli1b. Etv2 and fli1b double-deficient embryos fail to form any angiogenic sprouts and show greatly increased apoptosis throughout the axial vasculature. In contrast, fli1a mutation did not affect the recovery of etv2 mutant phenotype. Overexpression analyses indicate that both etv2 and fli1b, but not fli1a, induce the expression of multiple vascular markers and of each other. Temporal inhibition of Etv2 function using photoactivatable morpholinos indicates that the function of Etv2 and Fli1b during angiogenesis is independent from the early requirement of Etv2 during vasculogenesis. RNA-Seq analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation suggest that Etv2 and Fli1b share the same transcriptional targets and bind to the same E26 transformation-specific sites. CONCLUSIONS Our data argue that there are 2 phases of early vascular development with distinct requirements of E26 transformation-specific transcription factors. Etv2 alone is required for early vasculogenesis, whereas Etv2 and Fli1b function redundantly during late vasculogenesis and early embryonic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Craig
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.P.C.); Division of Developmental Biology (M.P.C., J.-S.P.), Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Department of Pediatric Urology (J.-S.P.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (V.G., J.B., D.B.); Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames (H.-K.L., J.J.E.); Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (V.G.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.C.E.)
| | - Viktorija Grajevskaja
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.P.C.); Division of Developmental Biology (M.P.C., J.-S.P.), Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Department of Pediatric Urology (J.-S.P.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (V.G., J.B., D.B.); Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames (H.-K.L., J.J.E.); Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (V.G.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.C.E.)
| | - Hsin-Kai Liao
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.P.C.); Division of Developmental Biology (M.P.C., J.-S.P.), Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Department of Pediatric Urology (J.-S.P.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (V.G., J.B., D.B.); Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames (H.-K.L., J.J.E.); Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (V.G.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.C.E.)
| | - Jorune Balciuniene
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.P.C.); Division of Developmental Biology (M.P.C., J.-S.P.), Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Department of Pediatric Urology (J.-S.P.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (V.G., J.B., D.B.); Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames (H.-K.L., J.J.E.); Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (V.G.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.C.E.)
| | - Stephen C Ekker
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.P.C.); Division of Developmental Biology (M.P.C., J.-S.P.), Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Department of Pediatric Urology (J.-S.P.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (V.G., J.B., D.B.); Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames (H.-K.L., J.J.E.); Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (V.G.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.C.E.)
| | - Joo-Seop Park
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.P.C.); Division of Developmental Biology (M.P.C., J.-S.P.), Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Department of Pediatric Urology (J.-S.P.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (V.G., J.B., D.B.); Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames (H.-K.L., J.J.E.); Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (V.G.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.C.E.)
| | - Jeffrey J Essner
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.P.C.); Division of Developmental Biology (M.P.C., J.-S.P.), Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Department of Pediatric Urology (J.-S.P.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (V.G., J.B., D.B.); Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames (H.-K.L., J.J.E.); Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (V.G.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.C.E.)
| | - Darius Balciunas
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.P.C.); Division of Developmental Biology (M.P.C., J.-S.P.), Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Department of Pediatric Urology (J.-S.P.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (V.G., J.B., D.B.); Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames (H.-K.L., J.J.E.); Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (V.G.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.C.E.)
| | - Saulius Sumanas
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.P.C.); Division of Developmental Biology (M.P.C., J.-S.P.), Department of Pediatrics (S.S.), Department of Pediatric Urology (J.-S.P.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (V.G., J.B., D.B.); Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames (H.-K.L., J.J.E.); Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (V.G.); and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.C.E.).
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Ramezani T, Laux DW, Bravo IR, Tada M, Feng Y. Live imaging of innate immune and preneoplastic cell interactions using an inducible Gal4/UAS expression system in larval zebrafish skin. J Vis Exp 2015. [PMID: 25741625 PMCID: PMC4354608 DOI: 10.3791/52107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a method to conditionally induce epithelial cell transformation by the use of the 4-Hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) inducible KalTA4-ERT2/UAS expression system(1) in zebrafish larvae, and the subsequent live imaging of innate immune cell interaction with HRASG12V expressing skin cells. The KalTA4-ERT2/UAS system is both inducible and reversible which allows us to induce cell transformation with precise temporal/spatial resolution in vivo. This provides us with a unique opportunity to live image how individual preneoplastic cells interact with host tissues as soon as they emerge, then follow their progression as well as regression. Recent studies in zebrafish larvae have shown a trophic function of innate immunity in the earliest stages of tumorigenesis(2,3). Our inducible system would allow us to live image the onset of cellular transformation and the subsequent host response, which may lead to important insights on the underlying mechanisms for the regulation of oncogenic trophic inflammatory responses. We also discuss how one might adapt our protocol to achieve temporal and spatial control of ectopic gene expression in any tissue of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ramezani
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh
| | - Derek W Laux
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh
| | - Isabel R Bravo
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh
| | - Masazumi Tada
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University College London
| | - Yi Feng
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh;
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Auer TO, Duroure K, Concordet JP, Del Bene F. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated conversion of eGFP- into Gal4-transgenic lines in zebrafish. Nat Protoc 2014; 9:2823-40. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2014.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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