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Butler AS, Ascione R, Marrion NV, Harmer SC, Hancox JC. In situ monolayer patch clamp of acutely stimulated human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes promotes consistent electrophysiological responses to SK channel inhibition. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3185. [PMID: 38326449 PMCID: PMC10850090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) represent an in vitro model of cardiac function. Isolated iPSC-CMs, however, exhibit electrophysiological heterogeneity which hinders their utility in the study of certain cardiac currents. In the healthy adult heart, the current mediated by small conductance, calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels (ISK) is atrial-selective. Functional expression of ISK within atrial-like iPSC-CMs has not been explored thoroughly. The present study therefore aimed to investigate atrial-like iPSC-CMs as a model system for the study of ISK. iPSCs were differentiated using retinoic acid (RA) to produce iPSC-CMs which exhibited an atrial-like phenotype (RA-iPSC-CMs). Only 18% of isolated RA-iPSC-CMs responded to SK channel inhibition by UCL1684 and isolated iPSC-CMs exhibited substantial cell-to-cell electrophysiological heterogeneity. This variability was significantly reduced by patch clamp of RA-iPSC-CMs in situ as a monolayer (iPSC-ML). A novel method of electrical stimulation was developed to facilitate recording from iPSC-MLs via In situ Monolayer Patch clamp of Acutely Stimulated iPSC-CMs (IMPASC). Using IMPASC, > 95% of iPSC-MLs could be paced at a 1 Hz. In contrast to isolated RA-iPSC-CMs, 100% of RA-iPSC-MLs responded to UCL1684, with APD50 being prolonged by 16.0 ± 2.0 ms (p < 0.0001; n = 12). These data demonstrate that in conjunction with IMPASC, RA-iPSC-MLs represent an improved model for the study of ISK. IMPASC may be of wider value in the study of other ion channels that are inconsistently expressed in isolated iPSC-CMs and in pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Butler
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Raimondo Ascione
- Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Neil V Marrion
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Stephen C Harmer
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Jules C Hancox
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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2
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Waknitz M, Berg Luecke L, Mesidor R, Wojtkiewicz M, Castro C, Gundry RL. The GENTIL Method for Isolation of Human Adult Cardiomyocytes from Cryopreserved Tissue for Proteomic Analyses. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2735:145-167. [PMID: 38038848 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3527-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a serious clinical and economic health care problem, and its clinical progression is linked to pathological cardiac remodeling. Due to the heterogeneity of heart failure, lack of animal models to accurately represent advanced heart failure, and limited access to fresh human cardiac tissue, little is known regarding cell-type-specific mechanisms and context-specific functions of cardiomyocytes during disease development processes. While mass spectrometry has been increasingly applied to unravel changes in the proteome associated with cardiovascular physiology and disease, most studies have used homogenized tissue. Therefore, new studies using isolated cardiomyocytes are necessary to gain a better understanding of the intricate cell-type-specific molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of heart failure. This chapter describes the GENTIL method, which incorporates recent technological developments in sample handling, for isolation of cardiomyocytes from cryopreserved human cardiac tissues for use in proteomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Waknitz
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Linda Berg Luecke
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Roneldine Mesidor
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Melinda Wojtkiewicz
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Chase Castro
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rebekah L Gundry
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Santini L, Duranti C, Palandri C, Giammarino L, Musumeci M, Carlucci L, Capitani C, Colasurdo R, Recchia F, Cerbai E, Coppini R, Arcangeli A. Cardiac safety assessment of a novel recombinant bispecific antibody targeting the ether-à-go-go related gene 1 (hERG1)-β1 integrin macromolecular complex. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1237431. [PMID: 37767396 PMCID: PMC10520717 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1237431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In the last decades, mounting evidence has pointed out the human ether-á-go-go-related gene (hERG1) potassium channel as a novel biomarker in human cancers. However, hERG1 sustains the cardiac repolarizing current IKr and its blockade can induce a prolonged QT interval at the ECG, which increases the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias. This represents a major hindrance for targeting hERG1 for antineoplastic therapeutic purposes. Based on our discovery that hERG1 resides in a macromolecular complex with the β1 subunit of integrin adhesion receptors only in tumors, and not in the heart, we generated (and patented WO2019/015936) a novel engineered, single chain, bispecific antibody in the format of a diabody (scDb-hERG1-β1). This antibody has been proven to target with high affinity the hERG1/β1 integrin complex and to exert a good antineoplastic activity in preclinical mouse models. Methods: In the present study, we evaluated the cardiac safety of the scDb-hERG1-β1, determining the action potential duration (APD) of human cardiomyocytes, either atrial (from valve-disease patients) or ventricular (from aortic stenosis patients). Cardiac cells were incubated in vitro with i) the scDb-hERG1-β1, ii) the full length anti-hERG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb-hERG1) and iii) its single chain Fragment variable derivative (scFv-hERG1), from which the scDb-hERG1-β1 was assembled. All the tests were performed before and after treatment with the specific hERG1 blocker E4031. In addition, we have performed preliminary experiments, analyzing the effects of the scDb-hERG1/β1 in vivo measuring the QT interval length of the surface ECG after its injection intravenously in farm-pigs. Results: The scDb-hERG1-β1 did not produce any lengthening of APD compared to control (vehicle) conditions, either in atrial or ventricular cardiomyocytes, whereas both the hERG1-mAb and the scFv-hERG1 produced a significant APD prolongation. The addition of E4031 further prolonged APD. The scDb-hERG1-β1 did not produce any alterations of the QT (and QTc) interval values, once injected intravenously in farm pigs. Discussion: Overall, the above evidences plead for the cardiac safety of the scDb-hERG1-β1, suggesting that an application of this antibody for anti-cancer therapy will be untainted by cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Santini
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Duranti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Palandri
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Giammarino
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Musumeci
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Carlucci
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Capitani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Rossella Colasurdo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Recchia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cerbai
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Raffaele Coppini
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Annarosa Arcangeli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Pioner JM, Vitale G, Steczina S, Langione M, Margara F, Santini L, Giardini F, Lazzeri E, Piroddi N, Scellini B, Palandri C, Schuldt M, Spinelli V, Girolami F, Mazzarotto F, van der Velden J, Cerbai E, Tesi C, Olivotto I, Bueno-Orovio A, Sacconi L, Coppini R, Ferrantini C, Regnier M, Poggesi C. Slower Calcium Handling Balances Faster Cross-Bridge Cycling in Human MYBPC3 HCM. Circ Res 2023; 132:628-644. [PMID: 36744470 PMCID: PMC9977265 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of MYBPC3-associated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is still unresolved. In our HCM patient cohort, a large and well-characterized population carrying the MYBPC3:c772G>A variant (p.Glu258Lys, E258K) provides the unique opportunity to study the basic mechanisms of MYBPC3-HCM with a comprehensive translational approach. METHODS We collected clinical and genetic data from 93 HCM patients carrying the MYBPC3:c772G>A variant. Functional perturbations were investigated using different biophysical techniques in left ventricular samples from 4 patients who underwent myectomy for refractory outflow obstruction, compared with samples from non-failing non-hypertrophic surgical patients and healthy donors. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes and engineered heart tissues (EHTs) were also investigated. RESULTS Haplotype analysis revealed MYBPC3:c772G>A as a founder mutation in Tuscany. In ventricular myocardium, the mutation leads to reduced cMyBP-C (cardiac myosin binding protein-C) expression, supporting haploinsufficiency as the main primary disease mechanism. Mechanical studies in single myofibrils and permeabilized muscle strips highlighted faster cross-bridge cycling, and higher energy cost of tension generation. A novel approach based on tissue clearing and advanced optical microscopy supported the idea that the sarcomere energetics dysfunction is intrinsically related with the reduction in cMyBP-C. Studies in single cardiomyocytes (native and hiPSC-derived), intact trabeculae and hiPSC-EHTs revealed prolonged action potentials, slower Ca2+ transients and preserved twitch duration, suggesting that the slower excitation-contraction coupling counterbalanced the faster sarcomere kinetics. This conclusion was strengthened by in silico simulations. CONCLUSIONS HCM-related MYBPC3:c772G>A mutation invariably impairs sarcomere energetics and cross-bridge cycling. Compensatory electrophysiological changes (eg, reduced potassium channel expression) appear to preserve twitch contraction parameters, but may expose patients to greater arrhythmic propensity and disease progression. Therapeutic approaches correcting the primary sarcomeric defects may prevent secondary cardiomyocyte remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josè Manuel Pioner
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Physiology (J.M.P., G.V., M.L., N.P., B.S., C.T., C.F., C. Poggesi), University of Florence, Italy
- Department of Biology (J.M.P.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Physiology (J.M.P., G.V., M.L., N.P., B.S., C.T., C.F., C. Poggesi), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Sonette Steczina
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (S.S., M.R.)
| | - Marianna Langione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Physiology (J.M.P., G.V., M.L., N.P., B.S., C.T., C.F., C. Poggesi), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Margara
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (F. Margara, A.B.-O.)
| | - Lorenzo Santini
- Department of NeuroFarBa (L. Santini, C. Palandri, V. Spinelli, E. Cerbai, R. Coppini), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Giardini
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) (F. Giardini, E. Lazzeri, C.F., C.P., E. Cerbai), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Erica Lazzeri
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) (F. Giardini, E. Lazzeri, C.F., C.P., E. Cerbai), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Piroddi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Physiology (J.M.P., G.V., M.L., N.P., B.S., C.T., C.F., C. Poggesi), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Beatrice Scellini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Physiology (J.M.P., G.V., M.L., N.P., B.S., C.T., C.F., C. Poggesi), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Palandri
- Department of NeuroFarBa (L. Santini, C. Palandri, V. Spinelli, E. Cerbai, R. Coppini), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Maike Schuldt
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, The Netherlands (M.S., J.v.d.V.)
| | - Valentina Spinelli
- Department of NeuroFarBa (L. Santini, C. Palandri, V. Spinelli, E. Cerbai, R. Coppini), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Girolami
- Pediatric Cardiology (F. Girolami), IRCCS Meyer Children’s Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Mazzarotto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy (F. Mazzarotto)
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (F. Mazzarotto)
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, The Netherlands (M.S., J.v.d.V.)
| | - Elisabetta Cerbai
- Department of NeuroFarBa (L. Santini, C. Palandri, V. Spinelli, E. Cerbai, R. Coppini), University of Florence, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) (F. Giardini, E. Lazzeri, C.F., C.P., E. Cerbai), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Tesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Physiology (J.M.P., G.V., M.L., N.P., B.S., C.T., C.F., C. Poggesi), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Cardiogenetics Unit (I.O.), IRCCS Meyer Children’s Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Referral Center for Cardiomyopathies, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.O.)
| | - Alfonso Bueno-Orovio
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (F. Margara, A.B.-O.)
| | - Leonardo Sacconi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council, Florence, Italy (L. Sacconi)
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg (L. Sacconi)
| | - Raffaele Coppini
- Department of NeuroFarBa (L. Santini, C. Palandri, V. Spinelli, E. Cerbai, R. Coppini), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Physiology (J.M.P., G.V., M.L., N.P., B.S., C.T., C.F., C. Poggesi), University of Florence, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) (F. Giardini, E. Lazzeri, C.F., C.P., E. Cerbai), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (S.S., M.R.)
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Physiology (J.M.P., G.V., M.L., N.P., B.S., C.T., C.F., C. Poggesi), University of Florence, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS) (F. Giardini, E. Lazzeri, C.F., C.P., E. Cerbai), University of Florence, Italy
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5
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Kałużna E, Nadel A, Zimna A, Rozwadowska N, Kolanowski T. Modeling the human heart ex vivo-current possibilities and strive for future applications. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:853-874. [PMID: 35748158 PMCID: PMC9796015 DOI: 10.1002/term.3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The high organ specification of the human heart is inversely proportional to its functional recovery after damage. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) has accelerated research in human heart regeneration and physiology. Nevertheless, due to the immaturity of iPSC-CMs, they are far from being an representative model of the adult heart physiology. Therefore, number of laboratories strive to obtain a heart tissues by engineering methods by structuring iPSC-CMs into complex and advanced platforms. By using the iPSC-CMs and arranging them in 3D cultures it is possible to obtain a human heart muscle with physiological capabilities potentially similar to the adult heart, while remaining in vitro. Here, we attempt to describe existing examples of heart muscle either in vitro or ex vivo models and discuss potential options for the further development of such structures. This will be a crucial step for ultimate derivation of complete heart tissue-mimicking organs and their future use in drug development, therapeutic approaches testing, pre-clinical studies, and clinical applications. This review particularly aims to compile available models of advanced human heart tissue for scientists considering which model would best fit their research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Kałużna
- Institute of Human GeneticsPolish Academy of SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Agnieszka Nadel
- Institute of Human GeneticsPolish Academy of SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Agnieszka Zimna
- Institute of Human GeneticsPolish Academy of SciencesPoznanPoland
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6
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Zhou B, Shi X, Tang X, Zhao Q, Wang L, Yao F, Hou Y, Wang X, Feng W, Wang L, Sun X, Wang L, Hu S. Functional isolation, culture and cryopreservation of adult human primary cardiomyocytes. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:254. [PMID: 35882831 PMCID: PMC9325714 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death globally. Accurately modeling cardiac homeostasis, dysfunction, and drug response lies at the heart of cardiac research. Adult human primary cardiomyocytes (hPCMs) are a promising cellular model, but unstable isolation efficiency and quality, rapid cell death in culture, and unknown response to cryopreservation prevent them from becoming a reliable and flexible in vitro cardiac model. Combing the use of a reversible inhibitor of myosin II ATPase, (-)-blebbistatin (Bleb), and multiple optimization steps of the isolation procedure, we achieved a 2.74-fold increase in cell viability over traditional methods, accompanied by better cellular morphology, minimally perturbed gene expression, intact electrophysiology, and normal neurohormonal signaling. Further optimization of culture conditions established a method that was capable of maintaining optimal cell viability, morphology, and mitochondrial respiration for at least 7 days. Most importantly, we successfully cryopreserved hPCMs, which were structurally, molecularly, and functionally intact after undergoing the freeze-thaw cycle. hPCMs demonstrated greater sensitivity towards a set of cardiotoxic drugs, compared to human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Further dissection of cardiomyocyte drug response at both the population and single-cell transcriptomic level revealed that hPCM responses were more pronouncedly enriched in cardiac function, whereas hiPSC-CMs responses reflected cardiac development. Together, we established a full set of methodologies for the efficient isolation and prolonged maintenance of functional primary adult human cardiomyocytes in vitro, unlocking their potential as a cellular model for cardiovascular research, drug discovery, and safety pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Quanyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,18 Jinma Industrial Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Xianqiang Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liqing Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaogang Sun
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengshou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. .,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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7
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Dou W, Malhi M, Zhao Q, Wang L, Huang Z, Law J, Liu N, Simmons CA, Maynes JT, Sun Y. Microengineered platforms for characterizing the contractile function of in vitro cardiac models. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:26. [PMID: 35299653 PMCID: PMC8882466 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00344-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging heart-on-a-chip platforms are promising approaches to establish cardiac cell/tissue models in vitro for research on cardiac physiology, disease modeling and drug cardiotoxicity as well as for therapeutic discovery. Challenges still exist in obtaining the complete capability of in situ sensing to fully evaluate the complex functional properties of cardiac cell/tissue models. Changes to contractile strength (contractility) and beating regularity (rhythm) are particularly important to generate accurate, predictive models. Developing new platforms and technologies to assess the contractile functions of in vitro cardiac models is essential to provide information on cell/tissue physiologies, drug-induced inotropic responses, and the mechanisms of cardiac diseases. In this review, we discuss recent advances in biosensing platforms for the measurement of contractile functions of in vitro cardiac models, including single cardiomyocytes, 2D monolayers of cardiomyocytes, and 3D cardiac tissues. The characteristics and performance of current platforms are reviewed in terms of sensing principles, measured parameters, performance, cell sources, cell/tissue model configurations, advantages, and limitations. In addition, we highlight applications of these platforms and relevant discoveries in fundamental investigations, drug testing, and disease modeling. Furthermore, challenges and future outlooks of heart-on-a-chip platforms for in vitro measurement of cardiac functional properties are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkun Dou
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Manpreet Malhi
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Qili Zhao
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350 China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353 China
| | - Zongjie Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada
| | - Junhui Law
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada
| | - Na Liu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Craig A. Simmons
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1 Canada
| | - Jason T. Maynes
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4 Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A1 Canada
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8
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Koncz I, Verkerk AO, Nicastro M, Wilders R, Árpádffy-Lovas T, Magyar T, Tóth N, Nagy N, Madrid M, Lin Z, Efimov IR. Acetylcholine Reduces IKr and Prolongs Action Potentials in Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020244. [PMID: 35203454 PMCID: PMC8869322 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has a meaningful basis as a potentially effective treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. There is an ongoing VNS randomized study, and four studies are completed. However, relatively little is known about the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on repolarization in human ventricular cardiomyocytes, as well as the effect of ACh on the rapid component of the delayed rectifier K+ current (IKr). Here, we investigated the effect of ACh on the action potential parameters in human ventricular preparations and on IKr in human induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Using standard microelectrode technique, we demonstrated that ACh (5 µM) significantly increased the action potential duration in human left ventricular myocardial slices. ACh (5 µM) also prolonged repolarization in a human Purkinje fiber and a papillary muscle. Optical mapping revealed that ACh increased the action potential duration in human left ventricular myocardial slices and that the effect was dose-dependent. Perforated patch clamp experiments demonstrated action potential prolongation and a significant decrease in IKr by ACh (5 µM) in hiPSC-CMs. Computer simulations of the electrical activity of a human ventricular cardiomyocyte showed an increase in action potential duration upon implementation of the experimentally observed ACh-induced changes in the fully activated conductance and steady-state activation of IKr. Our findings support the hypothesis that ACh can influence the repolarization in human ventricular cardiomyocytes by at least changes in IKr.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Koncz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (I.K.); (M.M.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6721 Szeged, Hungary; (T.Á.-L.); (T.M.); (N.T.); (N.N.)
| | - Arie O. Verkerk
- Heart Center, Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.O.V.); (M.N.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Michele Nicastro
- Heart Center, Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.O.V.); (M.N.)
| | - Ronald Wilders
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Tamás Árpádffy-Lovas
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6721 Szeged, Hungary; (T.Á.-L.); (T.M.); (N.T.); (N.N.)
| | - Tibor Magyar
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6721 Szeged, Hungary; (T.Á.-L.); (T.M.); (N.T.); (N.N.)
| | - Noémi Tóth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6721 Szeged, Hungary; (T.Á.-L.); (T.M.); (N.T.); (N.N.)
| | - Norbert Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6721 Szeged, Hungary; (T.Á.-L.); (T.M.); (N.T.); (N.N.)
- ELKH-SZTE Research Group of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 6721 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Micah Madrid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (I.K.); (M.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zexu Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (I.K.); (M.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Igor R. Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (I.K.); (M.M.); (Z.L.)
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-202-294-8182
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9
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Naddafi M, Eghbal MA, Ghazi Khansari M, Sattari MR, Azarmi Y, Samadi M, Mehrizi AA. Sensing of oxidative stress biomarkers: The cardioprotective effect of taurine & grape seed extract against the poisoning induced by an agricultural pesticide aluminum phosphide. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132245. [PMID: 34543908 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum phosphide is a well-known hazardous agent used as an agricultural pesticide to protect stored grains from insect damage. However, accidental consumption of a trivial amount of it caused irreversible damage to the human body or even death in acute cases. The present study used taurine and grape seed extract as a natural cardioprotective medicine against aluminum phosphide poisoning by decreasing oxidative stress. The activity of oxidative stress biomarkers (Malondialdehyde, Catalase, Protein carbonyl, and Superoxide dismutase) were evaluated in the cell line model on Human Cardiac Myocyte cells. In the beginning, to clarify the pure impact of aluminum phosphide poison, taurine, and grape seed extract on the human heart cells, their effects on the biomarkers quantity in cell line were measured. Subsequently, the effect of taurine and grape seed extract with various concentrations as a treatment on the oxidative stress biomarkers of the poisoned heart cells were studied. Data analysis reveals that taurine and grape seed extract treatment can successfully diminish the poisoning effect by their antioxidant properties. The oxidative markers values of the poisoned cells were recovered by taurine and grape seed extracts treatment. Taurine (2 g/l) can recover Malondialdehyde, Catalase, Protein carbonyl, and Superoxide dismutase by 56%, 78%, 88%, 78%, when the recovering power of grape seed extract (100 g/l) for the aforementioned enzymes are 56%, 0.71%,74%, 51%, respectively. Therefore, it is clear that the performance of taurine in the recovery of the biomarkers' value is better than grape seed extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mastoureh Naddafi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Eghbal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi Khansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Sattari
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Azarmi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahedeh Samadi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbasali Abouei Mehrizi
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
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10
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Growth hormone-releasing hormone agonists ameliorate chronic kidney disease-induced heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2019835118. [PMID: 33468654 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019835118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are lacking. Growth hormone-releasing hormone agonists (GHRH-As) have salutary effects in ischemic and nonischemic heart failure animal models. Accordingly, we hypothesized that GHRH-A treatment ameliorates chronic kidney disease (CKD)-induced HFpEF in a large-animal model. Female Yorkshire pigs (n = 16) underwent 5/6 nephrectomy via renal artery embolization and 12 wk later were randomized to receive daily subcutaneous injections of GHRH-A (MR-409; n = 8; 30 µg/kg) or placebo (n = 8) for 4 to 6 wk. Renal and cardiac structure and function were serially assessed postembolization. Animals with 5/6 nephrectomy exhibited CKD (elevated blood urea nitrogen [BUN] and creatinine) and faithfully recapitulated the hemodynamic features of HFpEF. HFpEF was demonstrated at 12 wk by maintenance of ejection fraction associated with increased left ventricular mass, relative wall thickness, end-diastolic pressure (EDP), end-diastolic pressure/end-diastolic volume (EDP/EDV) ratio, and tau, the time constant of isovolumic diastolic relaxation. After 4 to 6 wk of treatment, the GHRH-A group exhibited normalization of EDP (P = 0.03), reduced EDP/EDV ratio (P = 0.018), and a reduction in myocardial pro-brain natriuretic peptide protein abundance. GHRH-A increased cardiomyocyte [Ca2+] transient amplitude (P = 0.009). Improvement of the diastolic function was also evidenced by increased abundance of titin isoforms and their ratio (P = 0.0022). GHRH-A exerted a beneficial effect on diastolic function in a CKD large-animal model as demonstrated by improving hemodynamic, structural, and molecular characteristics of HFpEF. These findings have important therapeutic implications for the HFpEF syndrome.
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11
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CXCR7 ameliorates myocardial infarction as a β-arrestin-biased receptor. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3426. [PMID: 33564089 PMCID: PMC7873251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs) are G protein-coupled receptors; however, some 7TMRs evoke intracellular signals through β-arrestin as a biased receptor. As several β-arrestin-biased agonists have been reported to be cardioprotective, we examined the role of the chemokine receptor CXCR7 as a β-arrestin-biased receptor in the heart. Among 510 7TMR genes examined, Cxcr7 was the most abundantly expressed in the murine heart. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that Cxcr7 was abundantly expressed in cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. Cardiomyocyte-specific Cxcr7 null mice showed more prominent cardiac dilatation and dysfunction than control mice 4 weeks after myocardial infarction. In contrast, there was no difference in cardiac phenotypes between fibroblast-specific Cxcr7-knockout mice and control mice even after myocardial infarction. TC14012, a specific agonist of CXCR7, significantly recruited β-arrestin to CXCR7 in CXCR7-expressing cells and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Cxcr7 expression was significantly increased and ERK was activated in the border zone of the heart in control, but not Cxcr7 null mice. These results indicate that the abundantly expressed CXCR7 in cardiomyocytes may play a protective role in the heart as a β-arrestin-biased receptor and that CXCR7 may be a novel therapeutic target for myocardial infarction.
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12
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McNally LA, Altamimi TR, Fulghum K, Hill BG. Considerations for using isolated cell systems to understand cardiac metabolism and biology. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 153:26-41. [PMID: 33359038 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Changes in myocardial metabolic activity are fundamentally linked to cardiac health and remodeling. Primary cardiomyocytes, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and transformed cardiomyocyte cell lines are common models used to understand how (patho)physiological conditions or stimuli contribute to changes in cardiac metabolism. These cell models are helpful also for defining metabolic mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction and remodeling. Although technical advances have improved our capacity to measure cardiomyocyte metabolism, there is often heterogeneity in metabolic assay protocols and cell models, which could hinder data interpretation and discernment of the mechanisms of cardiac (patho)physiology. In this review, we discuss considerations for integrating cardiomyocyte cell models with techniques that have become relatively common in the field, such as respirometry and extracellular flux analysis. Furthermore, we provide overviews of metabolic assays that complement XF analyses and that provide information on not only catabolic pathway activity, but biosynthetic pathway activity and redox status as well. Cultivating a more widespread understanding of the advantages and limitations of metabolic measurements in cardiomyocyte cell models will continue to be essential for the development of coherent metabolic mechanisms of cardiac health and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A McNally
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Tariq R Altamimi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kyle Fulghum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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13
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Lippi M, Stadiotti I, Pompilio G, Sommariva E. Human Cell Modeling for Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6388. [PMID: 32887493 PMCID: PMC7503257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of appropriate and reliable in vitro cell models recapitulating human cardiovascular diseases has been the aim of numerous researchers, in order to retrace pathologic phenotypes, elucidate molecular mechanisms, and discover therapies using simple and reproducible techniques. In the past years, several human cell types have been utilized for these goals, including heterologous systems, cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular primary cells, and embryonic stem cells. The introduction of induced pluripotent stem cells and their differentiation potential brought new prospects for large-scale cardiovascular experiments, bypassing ethical concerns of embryonic stem cells and providing an advanced tool for disease modeling, diagnosis, and therapy. Each model has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of accessibility, maintenance, throughput, physiological relevance, recapitulation of the disease. A higher level of complexity in diseases modeling has been achieved with multicellular co-cultures. Furthermore, the important progresses reached by bioengineering during the last years, together with the opportunities given by pluripotent stem cells, have allowed the generation of increasingly advanced in vitro three-dimensional tissue-like constructs mimicking in vivo physiology. This review provides an overview of the main cell models used in cardiovascular research, highlighting the pros and cons of each, and describing examples of practical applications in disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Lippi
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (I.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Ilaria Stadiotti
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (I.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (I.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (I.S.); (G.P.)
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14
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Reading the heart at single-cell resolution. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 148:34-45. [PMID: 32871159 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The burgeoning field of single-cell transcriptomics augments our ability to scrutinize organ systems at unprecedented resolutions. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and analytical techniques have shed light on the cellular heterogeneity, developmental trajectories, intercellular communications of the cardiac system, and thus contributed much to the understanding of cardiac development, homeostasis and disorders. Although generalized protocols are well established for scRNA-seq pipelines, customized sample preparation, quality control, and data interpretation are still needed in cardiac research. In this article, we highlight major steps that impact data quality in scRNA-seq experiments, with particular focus on sample and data processing of cardiomyocytes. We also summarize popular applications of scRNA-seq, outlining general tools, caveats and examples in cardiac research.
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15
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Paik DT, Cho S, Tian L, Chang HY, Wu JC. Single-cell RNA sequencing in cardiovascular development, disease and medicine. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 17:457-473. [PMID: 32231331 PMCID: PMC7528042 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-0359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies in the past 10 years have had a transformative effect on biomedical research, enabling the profiling and analysis of the transcriptomes of single cells at unprecedented resolution and throughput. Specifically, scRNA-seq has facilitated the identification of novel or rare cell types, the analysis of single-cell trajectory construction and stem or progenitor cell differentiation, and the comparison of healthy and disease-related tissues at single-cell resolution. These applications have been critical in advances in cardiovascular research in the past decade as evidenced by the generation of cell atlases of mammalian heart and blood vessels and the elucidation of mechanisms involved in cardiovascular development and stem or progenitor cell differentiation. In this Review, we summarize the currently available scRNA-seq technologies and analytical tools and discuss the latest findings using scRNA-seq that have substantially improved our knowledge on the development of the cardiovascular system and the mechanisms underlying cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, we examine emerging strategies that integrate multimodal single-cell platforms, focusing on future applications in cardiovascular precision medicine that use single-cell omics approaches to characterize cell-specific responses to drugs or environmental stimuli and to develop effective patient-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Paik
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Sangkyun Cho
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lei Tian
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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16
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Pioner JM, Fornaro A, Coppini R, Ceschia N, Sacconi L, Donati MA, Favilli S, Poggesi C, Olivotto I, Ferrantini C. Advances in Stem Cell Modeling of Dystrophin-Associated Disease: Implications for the Wider World of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:368. [PMID: 32477154 PMCID: PMC7235370 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is mostly caused by mutations in genes encoding cytoskeletal and sarcomeric proteins. In the pediatric population, DCM is the predominant type of primitive myocardial disease. A severe form of DCM is associated with mutations in the DMD gene encoding dystrophin, which are the cause of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). DMD-associated cardiomyopathy is still poorly understood and orphan of a specific therapy. In the last 5 years, a rise of interest in disease models using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has led to more than 50 original studies on DCM models. In this review paper, we provide a comprehensive overview on the advances in DMD cardiomyopathy disease modeling and highlight the most remarkable findings obtained from cardiomyocytes differentiated from hiPSCs of DMD patients. We will also describe how hiPSCs based studies have contributed to the identification of specific myocardial disease mechanisms that may be relevant in the pathogenesis of DCM, representing novel potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josè Manuel Pioner
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Coppini
- Department of NeuroFarBa, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicole Ceschia
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sacconi
- LENS, Università degli Studi di Firenze and National Institute of Optics (INO-CNR), Florence, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Favilli
- Pediatric Cardiology, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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17
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Pang L, Sager P, Yang X, Shi H, Sannajust F, Brock M, Wu JC, Abi-Gerges N, Lyn-Cook B, Berridge BR, Stockbridge N. Workshop Report: FDA Workshop on Improving Cardiotoxicity Assessment With Human-Relevant Platforms. Circ Res 2019; 125:855-867. [PMID: 31600125 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Given that cardiovascular safety concerns remain the leading cause of drug attrition at the preclinical drug development stage, the National Center for Toxicological Research of the US Food and Drug Administration hosted a workshop to discuss current gaps and challenges in translating preclinical cardiovascular safety data to humans. This white paper summarizes the topics presented by speakers from academia, industry, and government intended to address the theme of improving cardiotoxicity assessment in drug development. The main conclusion is that to reduce cardiovascular safety liabilities of new therapeutic agents, there is an urgent need to integrate human-relevant platforms/approaches into drug development. Potential regulatory applications of human-derived cardiomyocytes and future directions in employing human-relevant platforms to fill the gaps and overcome barriers and challenges in preclinical cardiovascular safety assessment were discussed. This paper is intended to serve as an initial step in a public-private collaborative development program for human-relevant cardiotoxicity tools, particularly for cardiotoxicities characterized by contractile dysfunction or structural injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Pang
- From the Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (L.P.)
| | | | - Xi Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (X.Y.)
| | - Hong Shi
- Discovery Toxicology, Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS) Company (H.S.)
| | - Frederick Sannajust
- Safety & Exploratory Pharmacology Department, SALAR Division, Merck & Co (F.S.)
| | | | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (J.C.W.)
| | | | - Beverly Lyn-Cook
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (B.L.-C.)
| | - Brian R Berridge
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (B.R.B.)
| | - Norman Stockbridge
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (N.S.)
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18
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Coppini R, Ferrantini C, Pioner JM, Santini L, Wang ZJ, Palandri C, Scardigli M, Vitale G, Sacconi L, Stefàno P, Flink L, Riedy K, Pavone FS, Cerbai E, Poggesi C, Mugelli A, Bueno-Orovio A, Olivotto I, Sherrid MV. Electrophysiological and Contractile Effects of Disopyramide in Patients With Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Translational Study. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2019; 4:795-813. [PMID: 31998849 PMCID: PMC6978554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In patients with HCM and symptomatic LVOT-obstruction, first treatment with disopyramide leads to a marked reduction of LVOT gradients, with a slight decrease of resting ejection fraction and a modest increase of corrected QT interval, highlighting high efficacy and safety. In single cardiomyocytes and intact trabeculae from surgical samples of patients with obstructive HCM, in vitro treatment with 5 μmol/l disopyramide lowered force and Ca2+ transients while reducing action potential duration and the rate of arrhythmic afterdepolarizations. These effects are mediated by the combined inhibition of peak and late Na+ currents, L-type Ca2+ current, delayed-rectifier K+ current, and ryanodine receptors. In addition to the negative inotropic effect of disopyramide, in vitro results suggest additional antiarrhythmic actions.
Disopyramide is effective and safe in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, its cellular and molecular mechanisms of action are unknown. We tested disopyramide in cardiomyocytes from the septum of surgical myectomy patients: disopyramide inhibits multiple ion channels, leading to lower Ca transients and force, and shortens action potentials, thus reducing cellular arrhythmias. The electrophysiological profile of disopyramide explains the efficient reduction of outflow gradients but also the limited prolongation of the QT interval and the absence of arrhythmic side effects observed in 39 disopyramide-treated patients. In conclusion, our results support the idea that disopyramide is safe for outpatient use in obstructive patients.
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Key Words
- AP, action potential
- DAD, delayed afterdepolarization
- EAD, early afterdepolarization
- ECG, electrocardiography
- HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- ICa-L, L-type Ca current
- IK, delayed-rectifier K current
- INaL, late Na current
- LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract
- NCX, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger
- QT interval
- RyR, ryanodine receptor
- SR, sarcoplasmic reticulum
- action potentials
- arrhythmias
- diastolic dysfunction
- hERG, human ether-à-go-go-related gene
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- pCa, Ca activation level
- safety
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Josè Manuel Pioner
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Santini
- Department NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Zhinuo J Wang
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Palandri
- Department NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marina Scardigli
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy and National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Vitale
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sacconi
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy and National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Florence, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Stefàno
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Flink
- Division of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Katherine Riedy
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Program, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Francesco Saverio Pavone
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy and National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Corrado Poggesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Mark V Sherrid
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Program, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
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19
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Nomura S, Satoh M, Fujita T, Higo T, Sumida T, Ko T, Yamaguchi T, Tobita T, Naito AT, Ito M, Fujita K, Harada M, Toko H, Kobayashi Y, Ito K, Takimoto E, Akazawa H, Morita H, Aburatani H, Komuro I. Cardiomyocyte gene programs encoding morphological and functional signatures in cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4435. [PMID: 30375404 PMCID: PMC6207673 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06639-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure overload induces a transition from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure, but its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we reconstruct a trajectory of cardiomyocyte remodeling and clarify distinct cardiomyocyte gene programs encoding morphological and functional signatures in cardiac hypertrophy and failure, by integrating single-cardiomyocyte transcriptome with cell morphology, epigenomic state and heart function. During early hypertrophy, cardiomyocytes activate mitochondrial translation/metabolism genes, whose expression is correlated with cell size and linked to ERK1/2 and NRF1/2 transcriptional networks. Persistent overload leads to a bifurcation into adaptive and failing cardiomyocytes, and p53 signaling is specifically activated in late hypertrophy. Cardiomyocyte-specific p53 deletion shows that cardiomyocyte remodeling is initiated by p53-independent mitochondrial activation and morphological hypertrophy, followed by p53-dependent mitochondrial inhibition, morphological elongation, and heart failure gene program activation. Human single-cardiomyocyte analysis validates the conservation of the pathogenic transcriptional signatures. Collectively, cardiomyocyte identity is encoded in transcriptional programs that orchestrate morphological and functional phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seitaro Nomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-0041, Japan
| | - Masahiro Satoh
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-0041, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takanori Fujita
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-0041, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Higo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Sumida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takashige Tobita
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko T Naito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masamichi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kanna Fujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Toko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ito
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Eiki Takimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akazawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-0041, Japan.
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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20
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Scardigli M, Ferrantini C, Crocini C, Pavone FS, Sacconi L. Interplay Between Sub-Cellular Alterations of Calcium Release and T-Tubular Defects in Cardiac Diseases. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1474. [PMID: 30410446 PMCID: PMC6209824 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asynchronous Ca2+ release promotes non-homogeneous myofilament activation, leading to mechanical dysfunction, as well as initiation of propagated calcium waves and arrhythmias. Recent advances in microscopy techniques have allowed for optical recordings of local Ca2+ fluxes and action potentials from multiple sub-cellular domains within cardiac cells with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. Since then, sub-cellular local information of the spatio-temporal relationship between Ca2+ release and action potential propagation have been unlocked, providing novel mechanistic insights in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). Here, we review the promising perspectives arouse from repeatedly probing Ca2+ release at the same sub-cellular location while simultaneously probing multiple locations at the same time within a single cardiac cell. We also compare the results obtained in three different rodent models of cardiac diseases, highlighting disease-specific mechanisms. Slower local Ca2+ release has been observed in regions with defective action potential conduction in diseased cardiac cells. Moreover, significant increment of Ca2+ variability (both in time and in space) has been found in diseased cardiac cells but does not directly correlate with local electrical defects nor with the degree of structural aberrations of the cellular membrane system, suggesting a role for other players of the ECC machinery. We finally explore exciting opportunities provided by the technology for studying different cardiomyocyte populations, as well as for dissecting the mechanisms responsible for subcellular spatio-temporal variability of Ca2+ release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Scardigli
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Florence, Italy.,European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Florence, Italy.,Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Crocini
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology & BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Francesco S Pavone
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Florence, Italy.,European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Florence, Italy.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sacconi
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Florence, Italy.,European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Florence, Italy
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21
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Guo GR, Chen L, Rao M, Chen K, Song JP, Hu SS. A modified method for isolation of human cardiomyocytes to model cardiac diseases. J Transl Med 2018; 16:288. [PMID: 30348184 PMCID: PMC6198433 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiomyocytes derived from animals and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are two main cellular models to study cardiovascular diseases, however, neither provides precise modeling of the response of mature human cardiomyocytes to disease or stress conditions. Therefore, there are emerging needs for finding an optimized primary human cardiomyocytes isolation method to provide a bona fide cellular model. Methods and results Previous established protocols for the isolation of primary human cardiomyocytes are limited in their application due to relatively low cell yield and the requirement of tissue integrity. Here, we developed a novel, simplified method to isolate human cardiomyocytes robustly with improved viability from tissue slicing. Isolated cardiomyocytes showed intact morphology, retained contractility, ion flux, calcium handling, and responses to neurohormonal stimulation. In addition, we assessed the metabolic status of cardiomyocytes from different health conditions. Conclusion We present a novel, simplified method for isolation of viable cardiomyocytes from human tissue. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1649-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Ran Guo
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Ping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sheng-Shou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Chen X, O'Connell TD, Xiang YK. With or Without Langendorff: A New Method for Adult Myocyte Isolation to Be Tested With Time. Circ Res 2018; 119:888-90. [PMID: 27688302 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwen Chen
- From the Department of Physiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (X.C.); Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (T.D.O.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (Y.K.X.)
| | - Timothy D O'Connell
- From the Department of Physiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (X.C.); Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (T.D.O.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (Y.K.X.)
| | - Yang K Xiang
- From the Department of Physiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (X.C.); Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (T.D.O.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (Y.K.X.).
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23
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Ferrantini C, Pioner JM, Mazzoni L, Gentile F, Tosi B, Rossi A, Belardinelli L, Tesi C, Palandri C, Matucci R, Cerbai E, Olivotto I, Poggesi C, Mugelli A, Coppini R. Late sodium current inhibitors to treat exercise-induced obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an in vitro study in human myocardium. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2635-2652. [PMID: 29579779 PMCID: PMC6003658 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose In 30–40% of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, symptomatic left ventricular (LV) outflow gradients develop only during exercise due to catecholamine‐induced LV hypercontractility (inducible obstruction). Negative inotropic pharmacological options are limited to β‐blockers or disopyramide, with low efficacy and tolerability. We assessed the potential of late sodium current (INaL)‐inhibitors to treat inducible obstruction in HCM. Experimental Approach The electrophysiological and mechanical responses to β‐adrenoceptor stimulation were studied in human myocardium from HCM and control patients. Effects of INaL‐inhibitors (ranolazine and GS‐967) in HCM samples were investigated under conditions simulating rest and exercise. Key Results In cardiomyocytes and trabeculae from 18 surgical septal samples of patients with obstruction, the selective INaL‐inhibitor GS‐967 (0.5 μM) hastened twitch kinetics, decreased diastolic [Ca2+] and shortened action potentials, matching the effects of ranolazine (10μM). Mechanical responses to isoprenaline (inotropic and lusitropic) were comparable in HCM and control myocardium. However, isoprenaline prolonged action potentials in HCM myocardium, while it shortened them in controls. Unlike disopyramide, neither GS‐967 nor ranolazine reduced force at rest. However, in the presence of isoprenaline, they reduced Ca2+‐transient amplitude and twitch tension, while the acceleration of relaxation was maintained. INaL‐inhibitors were more effective than disopyramide in reducing contractility during exercise. Finally, INaL‐inhibitors abolished arrhythmias induced by isoprenaline. Conclusions and Implications Ranolazine and GS‐967 reduced septal myocardium tension during simulated exercise in vitro and therefore have the potential to ameliorate symptoms caused by inducible obstruction in HCM patients, with some advantages over disopyramide and β‐blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Ferrantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Josè Manuel Pioner
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Mazzoni
- Department NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Gentile
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Tosi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rossi
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Tesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Palandri
- Department NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosanna Matucci
- Department NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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24
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Abstract
Bioengineering cardiac tissue constructs with adult cardiomyocytes may help treat adult heart defects and injury. In this study, we fabricated cardiac tissue constructs by seeding adult rat cardiomyocytes on a fibrin gel matrix and analyzed the electromechanical properties of the formed cardiac tissue constructs. Adult rat cardiomyocytes were isolated with a collagenase type II buffer using an optimized Langendorff perfusion system. Cardiac tissue constructs were fabricated using either indirect plating with cardiomyocytes that were cultured for 1 week and dedifferentiated or with freshly isolated cardiomyocytes. The current protocol generated (3.1 ± 0.5) × 10 (n = 5 hearts) fresh cardiomyocytes from a single heart. Tissue constructs obtained by both types of plating contracted up to 30 days, and electrogram (ECG) signals and contractile twitch forces were detected. The constructs bioengineered by indirect plating of dedifferentiated cardiomyocytes produced an ECG R wave amplitude of 15.1 ± 5.2 µV (n = 7 constructs), a twitch force of 70-110 µN, and a spontaneous contraction rate of about 390 bpm. The constructs bioengineered by direct plating of fresh cardiomyocytes generated an ECG R wave amplitude of 6.3 ± 2.5 µV (n = 8 constructs), a twitch force of 40-60 µN, and a spontaneous contraction rate of about 230 bpm. This study successfully bioengineered three-dimensional cardiac tissue constructs using primary adult cardiomyocytes.
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25
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Nguyen N, Nguyen W, Nguyenton B, Ratchada P, Page G, Miller PE, Ghetti A, Abi-Gerges N. Adult Human Primary Cardiomyocyte-Based Model for the Simultaneous Prediction of Drug-Induced Inotropic and Pro-arrhythmia Risk. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1073. [PMID: 29311989 PMCID: PMC5742250 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac safety remains the leading cause of drug development discontinuation. We developed a human cardiomyocyte-based model that has the potential to provide a predictive preclinical approach for simultaneously predicting drug-induced inotropic and pro-arrhythmia risk. Methods: Adult human primary cardiomyocytes from ethically consented organ donors were used to measure contractility transients. We used measures of changes in contractility parameters as markers to infer both drug-induced inotropic effect (sarcomere shortening) and pro-arrhythmia (aftercontraction, AC); contractility escape (CE); time to 90% relaxation (TR90). We addressed the clinical relevance of this approach by evaluating the effects of 23 torsadogenic and 10 non-torsadogenic drugs. Each drug was tested separately at four multiples of the free effective therapeutic plasma concentration (fETPC). Results: Human cardiomyocyte-based model differentiated between torsadogenic and non-torsadogenic drugs. For example, dofetilide, a torsadogenic drug, caused ACs and increased TR90 starting at 10-fold the fETPC, while CE events were observed at the highest multiple of fETPC (100-fold). Verapamil, a non-torsadogenic drug, did not change TR90 and induced no AC or CE up to the highest multiple of fETPCs tested in this study (222-fold). When drug pro-arrhythmic activity was evaluated at 10-fold of the fETPC, AC parameter had excellent assay sensitivity and specificity values of 96 and 100%, respectively. This high predictivity supports the translational safety potential of this preparation and of the selected marker. The data demonstrate that human cardiomyocytes could also identify drugs associated with inotropic effects. hERG channel blockers, like dofetilide, had no effects on sarcomere shortening, while multi-ion channel blockers, like verapamil, inhibited sarcomere shortening. Conclusions: Isolated adult human primary cardiomyocytes can simultaneously predict risks associated with inotropic activity and pro-arrhythmia and may enable the generation of reliable and predictive data for assessing human cardiotoxicity at an early stage in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guy Page
- AnaBios Corporation, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Andre Ghetti
- AnaBios Corporation, San Diego, CA, United States
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26
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Crocini C, Ferrantini C, Coppini R, Sacconi L. Electrical defects of the transverse-axial tubular system in cardiac diseases. J Physiol 2017; 595:3815-3822. [PMID: 27981580 PMCID: PMC5471422 DOI: 10.1113/jp273042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical excitability is an essential feature of cardiomyocytes and the homogenous propagation of the action potential is guaranteed by a complex network of membrane invaginations called the transverse-axial tubular system (TATS). TATS structural remodelling is a hallmark of cardiac diseases and we demonstrated that this can be accompanied by electrical defects at single T-tubular level. Using a random-access multi-photon (RAMP) microscope, we found that pathological T-tubules can fail to conduct action potentials, which delays local Ca2+ release. Although the underlying causes for T-tubular electrical failure are still unknown, our findings suggest that they are likely to be related to local ultrastructural alterations. Here, we first review the experimental approach that allowed us to observe and dissect the consequences of TATS electrical dysfunction and then propose two different strategies to unveil the reasons for T-tubular electrical failures. The first strategy consists in a correlative approach, in which the failing T-tubule identified with the RAMP microscope is then imaged with electron microscopy. The second approach exploits the diffusion of molecules within TATS to gain insights into the local TATS structure, even without a thorough reconstruction of the tubular network. Although challenging, the local electrical failure occurring at single T-tubules is a fundamental question that needs to be addressed and could provide novel insights in cardiac pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Crocini
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, 50125, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Raffaele Coppini
- Division of Pharmacology, Department 'NeuroFarBa', University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sacconi
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, 50125, Florence, Italy
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27
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Bellin M, Mummery CL. Inherited heart disease - what can we expect from the second decade of human iPS cell research? FEBS Lett 2016; 590:2482-93. [PMID: 27391414 PMCID: PMC5113704 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were first generated 10 years ago. Their ability to differentiate into any somatic cell type of the body including cardiomyocytes has already made them a valuable resource for modelling cardiac disease and drug screening. Initially human iPSCs were used mostly to model known disease phenotypes; more recently, and despite a number of recognised shortcomings, they have proven valuable in providing fundamental insights into the mechanisms of inherited heart disease with unknown genetic cause using surprisingly small cohorts. In this review, we summarise the progress made with human iPSCs as cardiac disease models with special focus on the latest mechanistic insights and related challenges. Furthermore, we suggest emerging solutions that will likely move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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28
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Taegtmeyer H, Young ME, Lopaschuk GD, Abel ED, Brunengraber H, Darley-Usmar V, Des Rosiers C, Gerszten R, Glatz JF, Griffin JL, Gropler RJ, Holzhuetter HG, Kizer JR, Lewandowski ED, Malloy CR, Neubauer S, Peterson LR, Portman MA, Recchia FA, Van Eyk JE, Wang TJ. Assessing Cardiac Metabolism: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Res 2016; 118:1659-701. [PMID: 27012580 DOI: 10.1161/res.0000000000000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In a complex system of interrelated reactions, the heart converts chemical energy to mechanical energy. Energy transfer is achieved through coordinated activation of enzymes, ion channels, and contractile elements, as well as structural and membrane proteins. The heart's needs for energy are difficult to overestimate. At a time when the cardiovascular research community is discovering a plethora of new molecular methods to assess cardiac metabolism, the methods remain scattered in the literature. The present statement on "Assessing Cardiac Metabolism" seeks to provide a collective and curated resource on methods and models used to investigate established and emerging aspects of cardiac metabolism. Some of those methods are refinements of classic biochemical tools, whereas most others are recent additions from the powerful tools of molecular biology. The aim of this statement is to be useful to many and to do justice to a dynamic field of great complexity.
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