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Kuony A, Brezak M, Mège RM, Sumbalova Koledova Z. Organotypic 3D Cell Culture of the Embryonic Lacrimal Gland. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2764:145-156. [PMID: 38393593 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3674-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Ectodermal organ development, including lacrimal gland, is characterized by an interaction between an epithelium and a mesenchyme. Murine lacrimal gland is a good model to study non-stereotypical branching morphogenesis. In vitro cultures allow the study of morphogenesis events with easy access to high-resolution imaging. Particularly, embryonic lacrimal gland organotypic 3D cell cultures enable the follow-up of branching morphogenesis thanks to the analysis of territories organization by immunohistochemistry. In this chapter, we describe a method to culture primary epithelial fragments together with primary mesenchymal cells, isolated from embryonic day 17 lacrimal glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Kuony
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France.
| | - Matea Brezak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - René-Marc Mège
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Zuzana Sumbalova Koledova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Tissue Morphogenesis and Cancer, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Bogdanov V, Kim A, Nodel M, Pavlenko T, Pavlova E, Blokhin V, Chesnokova N, Ugrumov M. A Pilot Study of Changes in the Level of Catecholamines and the Activity of α-2-Macroglobulin in the Tear Fluid of Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonian Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094736. [PMID: 33947010 PMCID: PMC8125625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of differential and early (preclinical) diagnostics of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is among the priorities in neuroscience. We searched for changes in the level of catecholamines and α-2-macroglobulin activity in the tear fluid (TF) in PD patients at an early clinical stage. It was shown that TF in patients is characterized by an increased level of noradrenaline mainly on the ipsilateral side of pronounced motor symptoms (72%, p = 0.049), a decreased level of adrenaline on both sides (ipsilateral—53%, p = 0.004; contralateral—42%, p = 0.02), and an increased α-2-macroglobulin activity on both sides (ipsilateral—53%, p = 0.03; contralateral—56%, p = 0.037) compared to controls. These changes are considered as potential biomarkers for differential diagnosis. Similar changes in the TF were found in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice when modeling clinical and preclinical stages of PD. These data show the adequacy of models to the pathogenesis of PD along the selected metabolic pathways, and also suggest that the found TF changes can be considered as potential biomarkers for preclinical diagnosis of PD. In Parkinsonian mice, the level of catecholamines also changes in the lacrimal glands, which makes it possible to consider them as one of the sources of catecholamines in the TF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vsevolod Bogdanov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilova Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.); (A.K.); (E.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Alexander Kim
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilova Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.); (A.K.); (E.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Marina Nodel
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, 16 1st Leonova Street, 129226 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Pavlenko
- Helmholtz Moscow Research Institute of Eye Diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 14/19 Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya Street, 105062 Moscow, Russia; (T.P.); (N.C.)
| | - Ekaterina Pavlova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilova Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.); (A.K.); (E.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Victor Blokhin
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilova Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.); (A.K.); (E.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Natalia Chesnokova
- Helmholtz Moscow Research Institute of Eye Diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 14/19 Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya Street, 105062 Moscow, Russia; (T.P.); (N.C.)
| | - Michael Ugrumov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilova Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.); (A.K.); (E.P.); (V.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Lyu LY, Wang Q, Xu Q, Zhao WY, Yang H, Che CY. The expression of lacrimal androgen-binding proteins in mice Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:7-10. [PMID: 31956564 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.01.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the expression of lacrimal androgen-binding proteins (ABPs) in mice Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) keratitis. METHODS P. aeruginosa mice model from different gender was developed by intra-stromal injection. The expression of lacrimal ABPs in lacrimal gland specimens from P. aeruginosa keratitis mice was detected by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Corneal virulence was evaluated based on clinical scores. To study the mechanism of lacrimal ABPs' expression, experimental subjects were pre-treated with 4E-BP1 inhibitor, and were used to evaluate the expression levels by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Compared with control groups, the expression of ABPα, ABPη and ABPζ in lacrimal gland from P. aeruginosa keratitis mice had no meaningful changes, while ABPε and ABPδ were significantly higher at 1d after infection. The expression of ABPδ in lacrimal gland of male mice was higher than female mice, regardless of whether or not P. aeruginosa keratitis occurred. After 4E-BP1 inhibitor subconjunctival injection or lacrimal injection, the expression of ABPδ and ABPε has no significant change compared with the control group. CONCLUSION ABPδ and ABPε secreted by mice lacrimal gland may involve in the progress of alleviating the severity of corneal damage in P. aeruginosa keratitis. The expression of ABPδ and ABPε upon P. aeruginosa infection is independent of cap-dependent mRNA translation activated by 4E-BP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Yu Lyu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wen-Yi Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cheng-Ye Che
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
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Montgomery ML, Callegan MC, Fuller KK, Carr DJJ. Ocular Glands Become Infected Secondarily to Infectious Keratitis and Play a Role in Corneal Resistance to Infection. J Virol 2019; 93:e00314-19. [PMID: 31167909 PMCID: PMC6675880 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00314-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular glands play a critical role in eye health through the secretion of factors directly onto the ocular surface. The cornea is a normally transparent tissue necessary for visual acuity located in the anterior segment of the eye. Corneal damage can occur during microbial infection of the cornea, resulting in potentially permanent visual deficits. The involvement of ocular glands during corneal infection has been only briefly described. We hypothesized that ocular glands contribute to resistance as an arm of the eye-associated lymphoid tissue and may also be susceptible to infection secondary to microbial keratitis. Utilizing a mouse model of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) keratitis, we found that infection of corneas resulted in subsequent infection of ocular glands, including harderian glands (HGs) and extraorbital glands. Similarly, infection of corneas with Pseudomonas aeruginosa resulted in secondary infection of ocular glands. A robust immune response, characterized by increased numbers of immune cells and inflammatory mediators, occurred within ocular glands following HSV-1 keratitis. Removal of HGs altered corneal resistance to HSV-1, as measured by increased viral load, decreased corneal edema, and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration. These novel findings suggest that ocular glands are involved in microbial keratitis through their susceptibility to secondary infection and contribution to corneal resistance.IMPORTANCE Microbial keratitis accounts for up to 700,000 clinical visits annually in the United States. The involvement of ocular glands during microbial keratitis is not readily appreciated, and treatment options do not address the consequences of ocular gland dysfunction. The present study shows that ocular glands are susceptible to direct infection by common ocular pathogens, including HSV-1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, subsequent to microbial keratitis. Additionally, ocular glands contribute soluble factors that play a role in corneal resistance to HSV-1 and alter viral load, corneal edema, and immune cell infiltration. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which this occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela L Montgomery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Michelle C Callegan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Kevin K Fuller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Daniel J J Carr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Emmerson E, Knox SM. Salivary gland stem cells: A review of development, regeneration and cancer. Genesis 2018; 56:e23211. [PMID: 29663717 PMCID: PMC5980780 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salivary glands are responsible for maintaining the health of the oral cavity and are routinely damaged by therapeutic radiation for head and neck cancer as well as by autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome. Regenerative approaches based on the reactivation of endogenous stem cells or the transplant of exogenous stem cells hold substantial promise in restoring the structure and function of these organs to improve patient quality of life. However, these approaches have been hampered by a lack of knowledge on the identity of salivary stem cell populations and their regulators. In this review we discuss our current knowledge on salivary stem cells and their regulators during organ development, homeostasis and regeneration. As increasing evidence in other systems suggests that progenitor cells may be a source of cancer, we also review whether these same salivary stem cells may also be cancer initiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Emmerson
- The MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sarah M. Knox
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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Kuony A, Michon F. Epithelial Markers aSMA, Krt14, and Krt19 Unveil Elements of Murine Lacrimal Gland Morphogenesis and Maturation. Front Physiol 2017; 8:739. [PMID: 29033846 PMCID: PMC5627580 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As an element of the lacrimal apparatus, the lacrimal gland (LG) produces the aqueous part of the tear film, which protects the eye surface. Therefore, a defective LG can lead to serious eyesight impairment. Up to now, little is known about LG morphogenesis and subsequent maturation. In this study, we delineated elements of the cellular and molecular events involved in LG formation by using three epithelial markers, namely aSMA, Krt14, and Krt19. While aSMA marked a restricted epithelial population of the terminal end buds (TEBs) in the forming LG, Krt14 was found in the whole embryonic LG epithelial basal cell layer. Interestingly, Krt19 specifically labeled the presumptive ductal domain and subsequently, the luminal cell layer. By combining these markers, the Fucci reporter mouse strain and genetic fate mapping of the Krt14+ population, we demonstrated that LG epithelium expansion is fuelled by a patterned cell proliferation, and to a lesser extent by epithelial reorganization and possible mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. We pointed out that this epithelial reorganization, which is associated with apoptosis, regulated the lumen formation. Finally, we showed that the inhibition of Notch signaling prevented the ductal identity from setting, and led to a LG covered by ectopic TEBs. Taken together our results bring a deeper understanding on LG morphogenesis, epithelial domain identity, and organ expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Kuony
- Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
| | - Frederic Michon
- Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
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Abstract
Background Physical cooling of the eye surface relieves ocular discomfort, but translating this event to drug treatment of dry eye discomfort not been studied. Here, we synthesized a water-soluble TRPM8 receptor agonist called cryosim-3 (C3, 1-diisopropylphosphorylnonane) which selectively activates TRPM8 (linked to cooling) but not TRPV1 or TRPA1 (linked to nociception) and tested C3 in subjects with mild forms of dry eye disease. Methods A set of 1-dialkylphosphoryalkanes were tested for activation of TRPM8, TRPV1 and TRPA1 receptors in transfected cells. The bioactivity profiles were compared by perioral, topical, and intravenous delivery to anesthetized rats. The selected lead candidate C3 or vehicle (water) was applied with a cotton gauze pad to upper eyelids of patients with dry eye disease (n = 30). Cooling sensation, tear film break-up time (TBUT), basal tear secretion, and corneal staining were evaluated. C3 was then applied four times daily for 2 weeks to patients using a pre-loaded single unit applicator containing 2 mg/mL of C3 in water (n = 20) or water only. TBUT, basal tear secretion, and corneal staining, and three questionnaires surveys of ocular discomfort (VAS scale, OSDI, and CVS symptoms) were analyzed before and at 1 and 2 weeks thereafter. Results C3 was a selective and potent TRPM8 agonist without TRPV1 or TRPA1 activity. In test animals, the absence of shaking behavior after C3 perioral administration made it the first choice for further study. C3 increased tear secretion in an animal model of dry eye disease and did not irritate when wiped on eyes of volunteers. C3 singly applied (2 mg/ml) produced significant cooling in <5 min, an effecting lasting 46 min with an increase in tear secretion for 60 min. C3 applied for 2 weeks also significantly increased basal tear secretion with questionnaire surveys of ocular discomfort indices clearly showing improvement of symptoms at 1 and 2 weeks. No complaints of irritation or pain were reported by any subject. Conclusions C3 is a promising candidate for study of TRPM8 function on the eye surface and for relief of dry eye discomfort. Trial registration ISRCTN24802609 and ISRCTN13359367. Registered 23 March 2015 and 2 September 2015. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12886-017-0495-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Farmer DT, Nathan S, Finley JK, Shengyang Yu K, Emmerson E, Byrnes LE, Sneddon JB, McManus MT, Tward AD, Knox SM. Defining epithelial cell dynamics and lineage relationships in the developing lacrimal gland. Development 2017; 144:2517-2528. [PMID: 28576768 DOI: 10.1242/dev.150789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The tear-producing lacrimal gland is a tubular organ that protects and lubricates the ocular surface. The lacrimal gland possesses many features that make it an excellent model in which to investigate tubulogenesis, but the cell types and lineage relationships that drive lacrimal gland formation are unclear. Using single-cell sequencing and other molecular tools, we reveal novel cell identities and epithelial lineage dynamics that underlie lacrimal gland development. We show that the lacrimal gland from its earliest developmental stages is composed of multiple subpopulations of immune, epithelial and mesenchymal cell lineages. The epithelial lineage exhibits the most substantial cellular changes, transitioning through a series of unique transcriptional states to become terminally differentiated acinar, ductal and myoepithelial cells. Furthermore, lineage tracing in postnatal and adult glands provides the first direct evidence of unipotent KRT5+ epithelial cells in the lacrimal gland. Finally, we show conservation of developmental markers between the developing mouse and human lacrimal gland, supporting the use of mice to understand human development. Together, our data reveal crucial features of lacrimal gland development that have broad implications for understanding epithelial organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D'Juan T Farmer
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sara Nathan
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jennifer K Finley
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Kevin Shengyang Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Elaine Emmerson
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Lauren E Byrnes
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Julie B Sneddon
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Michael T McManus
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Aaron D Tward
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sarah M Knox
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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Data supporting regulating temporospatial dynamics of morphogen for structure formation of the lacrimal gland by chitosan biomaterials. Data Brief 2016; 10:108-115. [PMID: 27981201 PMCID: PMC5144649 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The lacrimal gland is responsible for tear synthesis and secretion, and is derived from the epithelia of ocular surface and generated by branching morphogenesis. The dataset presented in this article is to support the research results of the effect of chitosan biomaterials on facilitating the structure formation of the lacrimal gland by regulating temporospatial dynamics of morphogen. The embryonic lacrimal gland explants were used as the standard experimental model for investigating lacrimal gland branching morphogenesis. Chitosan biomaterials promoted lacrimal gland branching with a dose-dependent effect. It helped in vivo binding of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) related molecules in the epithelial-mesenchymal boundary of emerging epithelial branches. When mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) inhibitors applied, the chitosan effects reduced. Nonetheless, the ratios of MAPK and Akt/PKB phosphorylation were still greater in the chitosan group than the control. The data demonstrated here confirm the essential role of HGF-signaling in chitosan-promoted structure formation of the lacrimal gland.
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