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Kwon YS, Lee MG, Kim NY, Nam GS, Nam KS, Jang H, Kim S. Overcoming radioresistance of breast cancer cells with MAP4K4 inhibitors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7410. [PMID: 38548749 PMCID: PMC10978830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4) has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic target in cancer. In this study, we explored the biological function of MAP4K4 in radioresistant breast cancer cells using two MAP4K4 inhibitors, namely PF06260933 and GNE-495. Radioresistant SR and MR cells were established by exposing SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells to 48-70 Gy of radiation delivered at 4-5 Gy twice a week over 10 months. Surprisingly, although radioresistant cells were derived from two different subtypes of breast cancer cell lines, MAP4K4 was significantly elevated regardless of subtype. Inhibition of MAP4K4 with PF06260933 or GNE-495 selectively targeted radioresistant cells and improved the response to irradiation. Furthermore, MAP4K4 inhibitors induced apoptosis through the accumulation of DNA damage by inhibiting DNA repair systems in radioresistant cells. Notably, Inhibition of MAP4K4 suppressed the expressions of ACSL4, suggesting that MAP4K4 functioned as an upstream effector of ACSL4. This study is the first to report that MAP4K4 plays a crucial role in mediating the radioresistance of breast cancer by acting upstream of ACSL4 to enhance DNA damage response and inhibit apoptosis. We hope that our findings provide a basis for the development of new drugs targeting MAP4K4 to overcome radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Suk Kwon
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Jeju, Jeju-do, 63240, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gu Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Yi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Suk Nam
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Honam University, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju, 62399, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Jang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pohang St. Mary's Hospital, Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37661, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38066, Republic of Korea.
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Dutta RK, Abu YF, Tao J, Chupikova I, Oleas J, Singh PK, Vitari NA, Qureshi R, Ramakrishnan S, Roy S. Altered gut microbiome drives heightened pain sensitivity in a murine model of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:274-299. [PMID: 38323292 PMCID: PMC10839306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The microbiota residing in the gut environment is essential for host homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggests that microbial perturbation (dysbiosis) regulates cancer initiation and progression at local and distant sites. Here, we have identified microbial dysbiosis with the depletion of commensal bacteria as a host-intrinsic factor associated with metastatic dissemination to the bone. Using a mouse model of triple-negative mammary cancer, we demonstrate that a pre-established disruption of microbial homeostasis using an antibiotic cocktail increases tumor growth, enhanced circulating tumor cells, and subsequent dissemination to the bone. We found that the presence of pathogenic bacteria and loss of commensal bacteria in an antibiotic-induced gut environment is associated with sustained inflammation. Increased secretion of G-CSF and MMP-9 in intestinal tissues, followed by increased neutrophil infiltration and severe systemic inflammation in tumor-bearing mice, indicates the direct consequence of a dysbiotic microbiome. Increased neutrophil infiltration to the bone metastatic niche facilitates extravasation and transendothelial migration of tumor cells. It provides a novel, pre-established, and favorable environment to form an immunosuppressive pre-metastatic niche. The presence of tumor cells in immunosuppressive metastatic tumor niche disrupts the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, promotes osteoclast differentiation, and remodels the bone structure. Excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts causes bone degradation and ultimately causes extreme pain in a bone metastatic mouse model. In clinical settings, bone metastasis is associated with intractable severe pain that severely compromises the quality of life in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib K Dutta
- Department of Surgery, University of MiamiMiami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yaa F Abu
- Department of Surgery, University of MiamiMiami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of MiamiMiami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Junyi Tao
- Department of Surgery, University of MiamiMiami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Irina Chupikova
- Department of Surgery, University of MiamiMiami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Janneth Oleas
- Department of Surgery, University of MiamiMiami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Praveen K Singh
- Department of Surgery, University of MiamiMiami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Nicolas A Vitari
- Department of Surgery, University of MiamiMiami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of MiamiMiami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Rehana Qureshi
- Department of Pathology, University of MiamiMiami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Sabita Roy
- Department of Surgery, University of MiamiMiami, FL 33136, USA
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Chen P, Yang W, Nagaoka K, Huang GL, Miyazaki T, Hong T, Li S, Igarashi K, Takeda K, Kakimi K, Kataoka K, Cabral H. An IL-12-Based Nanocytokine Safely Potentiates Anticancer Immunity through Spatiotemporal Control of Inflammation to Eradicate Advanced Cold Tumors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205139. [PMID: 36739605 PMCID: PMC10074049 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of immunologically cold tumors is a major challenge for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Interleukin 12 (IL-12) can invigorate ICIs against cold tumors by establishing a robust antitumor immunity. However, its toxicity and systemic induction of counteracting immunosuppressive signals have hindered translation. Here, IL-12 activity is spatiotemporally controlled for safely boosting efficacy without the stimulation of interfering immune responses by generating a nanocytokine that remains inactive at physiological pH, but unleashes its full activity at acidic tumor pH. The IL-12-based nanocytokine (Nano-IL-12) accumulate and release IL-12 in tumor tissues, eliciting localized antitumoral inflammation, while preventing systemic immune response, counteractive immune reactions, and adverse toxicities even after repeated intravenous administration. The Nano-IL-12-mediated spatiotemporal control of inflammation prompt superior anticancer efficacy, and synergize with ICIs to profoundly inflame the tumor microenvironment and completely eradicate ICI-resistant primary and metastatic tumors. The strategy could be a promising approach toward safer and more effective immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwen Chen
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Wenqian Yang
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Koji Nagaoka
- Department of ImmunotherapeuticsThe University of Tokyo Hospital7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8655Japan
| | - George Lo Huang
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Takuya Miyazaki
- Red Arrow Therapeutics, Inc.7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐0003Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology705‐1ShimoimaizumiEbina CityKanagawa243‐0435Japan
| | - Taehun Hong
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Shangwei Li
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Kazunori Igarashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryGraduate School of Medicine and Faculty of MedicineThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐0033Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Department of Biofunctional MicrobiotaGraduate School of MedicineJuntendo University2‐1‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8421Japan
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyResearch Support CenterGraduate School of MedicineJuntendo University2‐1‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8421Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kakimi
- Department of ImmunotherapeuticsThe University of Tokyo Hospital7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8655Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM)Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion3‐25‐14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki‐kuKawasaki210‐0821Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
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Bouchalova P, Bouchal P. Current methods for studying metastatic potential of tumor cells. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:394. [PMID: 36494720 PMCID: PMC9733110 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02801-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration and invasiveness significantly contribute to desirable physiological processes, such as wound healing or embryogenesis, as well as to serious pathological processes such as the spread of cancer cells to form tumor metastasis. The availability of appropriate methods for studying these processes is essential for understanding the molecular basis of cancer metastasis and for identifying suitable therapeutic targets for anti-metastatic treatment. This review summarizes the current status of these methods: In vitro methods for studying cell migration involve two-dimensional (2D) assays (wound-healing/scratch assay), and methods based on chemotaxis (the Dunn chamber). The analysis of both cell migration and invasiveness in vitro require more complex systems based on the Boyden chamber principle (Transwell migration/invasive test, xCELLigence system), or microfluidic devices with three-dimensional (3D) microscopy visualization. 3D culture techniques are rapidly becoming routine and involve multicellular spheroid invasion assays or array chip-based, spherical approaches, multi-layer/multi-zone culture, or organoid non-spherical models, including multi-organ microfluidic chips. The in vivo methods are mostly based on mice, allowing genetically engineered mice models and transplant models (syngeneic mice, cell line-derived xenografts and patient-derived xenografts including humanized mice models). These methods currently represent a solid basis for the state-of-the art research that is focused on understanding metastatic fundamentals as well as the development of targeted anti-metastatic therapies, and stratified treatment in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Bouchalova
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bouchal
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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Cai Z, Liu R, Chan C, Lu Y, Winnik MA, Cescon DW, Reilly RM. 90Y-Labeled Gold Nanoparticle Depot (NPD) Combined with Anti-PD-L1 Antibodies Strongly Inhibits the Growth of 4T1 Tumors in Immunocompetent Mice and Induces an Abscopal Effect on a Distant Non-Irradiated Tumor. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4199-4211. [PMID: 36287201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness and normal tissue toxicity of a novel nanoparticle depot (NPD) brachytherapy seed incorporating gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) labeled with β-particle emitting, 90Y (termed a "radiation nanomedicine"), were studied for the treatment of 4T1 triple-negative murine mammary carcinoma tumors in Balb/c mice and for inducing an abscopal effect on a distant non-irradiated tumor alone or combined with anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint antibodies. Balb/c mice with two subcutaneous 4T1 tumors─a primary tumor and a distant secondary tumor were implanted intratumorally (i.t.) in the primary tumor with NPD incorporating 3.5 MBq of 90Y-AuNPs (1 × 1014 AuNPs) or unlabeled AuNPs, alone or combined with systemically administered anti-PD-L1 antibodies (200 μg i.p. three times/week for 2 weeks) or received anti-PD-L1 antibodies alone or no treatment. The primary tumor was strongly growth-inhibited over 14 d by NPD incorporating 90Y-AuNPs but only very modestly inhibited by NPD incorporating unlabeled AuNPs. Anti-PD-L1 antibodies alone were ineffective, and combining anti-PD-L1 antibodies with NPD incorporating 90Y-AuNPs did not further inhibit the growth of the primary tumor. Secondary tumor growth was inhibited by treatment of the primary tumor with NPD incorporating 90Y-AuNPs, and growth inhibition was enhanced by anti-PD-L1 antibodies. Treatment of the primary tumor with NPD incorporating unlabeled AuNPs or anti-PD-L1 antibodies alone had no effect on secondary tumor growth. Biodistribution studies showed high uptake of 90Y in the primary tumor [516-810% implanted dose/g (%ID/g)] but very low uptake in the secondary tumor (0.033-0.16% ID/g) and in normal tissues (<0.5% ID/g) except for kidneys (5-8% ID/g). Very high radiation absorbed doses were estimated for the primary tumor (472 Gy) but very low doses in the secondary tumor (0.13 Gy). There was highdose-heterogeneity in the primary tumor with doses as high as 9964 Gy in close proximity to the NPD, decreasing rapidly with distance from the NPD. Normal organ doses were low (<1 Gy) except for kidneys (4 Gy). No normal tissue toxicity was observed, but white blood cell counts (WBC) decreased in tumor-bearing mice treated with NPD incorporating 90Y-AuNPs. Decreased WBC counts were interpreted as tumor response and not toxicity since these were higher than that in healthy non-tumor-bearing mice, and there was a direct association between WBC counts and 4T1 tumor burden. We conclude that implantation of NPD incorporating 90Y-AuNPs into a primary 4T1 tumor in Balb/c mice strongly inhibited tumor growth and combined with anti-PD-L1 antibodies induced an abscopal effect on a distant secondary tumor. This radiation nanomedicine is promising for the local treatment of triple-negative breast cancer tumors in patients, and these therapeutic effects may extend to non-irradiated lesions, especially when combined with checkpoint immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongli Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College St., Toronto, OntarioM5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Rella Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College St., Toronto, OntarioM5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Conrad Chan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College St., Toronto, OntarioM5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Yijie Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - David W. Cescon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Raymond M. Reilly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College St., Toronto, OntarioM5S 3M2, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, OntarioM5S 1A8, Canada
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C1, Canada
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Albores-Mendez EM, Casanas-Pimentel RG, Reyes-Chacon IR, Maldonado Cubas J, Lopez-Cruz J, Rincon-Huerta JA, Camacho-Ibarra A, San Martin-Martinez E. Cancer Progression Is not Different in Mice of Different Gender Inoculated With Cells of the Triple-Negative 4T1 Breast Cancer Model. World J Oncol 2022; 13:249-258. [PMID: 36406197 PMCID: PMC9635788 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer in men is a rare and poorly studied disease, and its treatment is based on women breast cancer studies. However, clinical outcome is not the same in men and women. Basic studies and clinical trials in animal models provide detailed information on cancer, origin, development, cell signaling pathways, sites of metastasis, and target molecules. It is necessary to explore the biology of breast cancer in male animal models that allow observing their similarity. METHODS The triple-negative 4T1 breast cancer model was developed in both male and female mice and studied weekly during 4 weeks. For that, twenty 8-week-old female and male BALB/c mice were used. Sixteen mice (eight males and eight females) were inoculated into the second left thoracic mammary pad with 20,000 4T1 cells, resuspended in 20 µL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). All samples were processed for immunodetection, characterized histopathologically and immunohistochemically. RESULTS In this work, we describe the development of a triple-negative 4T1 breast cancer model in male BALB/c mice. Breast tumors were characterized histopathologically at different time points and corresponded to a moderately differentiated invasive ductal carcinoma, estrogen receptor ER-/progesterone receptor PR-/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 HER2-/Ki67+, with histological grade II (moderately differentiated; a solid mass with occasional duct formation and moderate to severe nuclear pleomorphism), infiltrating the adipose and muscular tissue, and metastasis to lungs. From the results, we did not observe differences in the time of tumor development, necrosis, color change of tumor tissue, and lung metastasis between male and female mice. Even though we did not find histological differences, response to treatment and molecular signaling may be different. CONCLUSIONS The histogenesis of male breast tumors was similar to that of female BALB/c mice. The histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of male tumors also match the features reported for stage IV human breast cancer of men and women. The murine male breast cancer model described here can be a significant tool to explore the molecular mechanisms involved in male breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis and may bring new approaches for clinical treatment of triple-negative breast cancer in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Exsal Manuel Albores-Mendez
- CE.MI.C.SA. - Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Universidad del Ejercito y Fuerza Aerea, Batalla de Celaya 202, Lomas de Sotelo, Ciudad de Mexico, C.P. 11200, Mexico,Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada, Unidad Legaria, Calzada Legaria 694, Irrigacion, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de Mexico, C.P. 11500, Mexico
| | - Rocio Guadalupe Casanas-Pimentel
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada, Unidad Legaria, Calzada Legaria 694, Irrigacion, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de Mexico, C.P. 11500, Mexico
| | - Indira Raquel Reyes-Chacon
- Centro de Estudios Navales en Ciencias de la Salud, Coapa, Ex-Ejido de San Pablo Tepetlapa, Ciudad de Mexico, C.P. 04800, Mexico
| | - Juan Maldonado Cubas
- Universidad La Salle, Grupo de Investigacion en Procesamiento Digital de Senales Biomedicas, Vicerrectoria de Investigacion, Benjamin Franklin 45, Condesa, Cuauhtemoc, Ciudad de Mexico, C.P. 06140, Mexico
| | - Jaime Lopez-Cruz
- CE.MI.C.SA. - Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Universidad del Ejercito y Fuerza Aerea, Batalla de Celaya 202, Lomas de Sotelo, Ciudad de Mexico, C.P. 11200, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alberto Rincon-Huerta
- Centro de Estudios Navales en Ciencias de la Salud, Coapa, Ex-Ejido de San Pablo Tepetlapa, Ciudad de Mexico, C.P. 04800, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Camacho-Ibarra
- CE.MI.C.SA. - Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Universidad del Ejercito y Fuerza Aerea, Batalla de Celaya 202, Lomas de Sotelo, Ciudad de Mexico, C.P. 11200, Mexico
| | - Eduardo San Martin-Martinez
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada, Unidad Legaria, Calzada Legaria 694, Irrigacion, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de Mexico, C.P. 11500, Mexico,Corresponding Author: Eduardo San Martin-Martinez, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada, Unidad Legaria, Calzada Legaria 694, Irrigacion, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de Mexico, C.P. 11500, Mexico.
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Targeting Tumor Acidosis and Regulatory T Cells Unmasks Anti-Metastatic Potential of Local Tumor Ablation in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158479. [PMID: 35955613 PMCID: PMC9368760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an immunologically heterogenous disease that lacks clinically actionable targets and is more likely to progress to metastatic disease than other types of breast cancer. Tumor ablation has been used to increase response rates to checkpoint inhibitors, which remain low for TNBC patients. We hypothesized that tumor ablation could produce an anti-tumor response without using checkpoint inhibitors if immunosuppression (i.e., Tregs, tumor acidosis) was subdued. Tumors were primed with sodium bicarbonate (200 mM p.o.) to reduce tumor acidosis and low-dose cyclophosphamide (100–200 mg/kg i.p.) to deplete regulatory T cells, as has been shown independently in previous studies. A novel injectable ablative was then used to necrose the tumor, release tumor antigens, and initiate an immune event that could create an abscopal effect. This combination of bicarbonate, cyclophosphamide, and ablation, called “BiCyclA”, was tested in three syngeneic models of TNBC: E0771 (C57BL/6), 67NR (BALB/c), and 4T1-Luc (BALB/c). In E0771 and 67NR, BiCyclA therapy significantly reduced tumor growth and cured 5/7 and 6/10 mice 50 days after treatment respectively. In the metastatic 4T1-Luc tumors, for which surgery and checkpoint inhibitors fail, BiCyclA cured 5/10 mice of primary tumors and lung metastases. Notably, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were found to be crucial for the anti-metastatic response, and cured mice were able to resist tumor rechallenge, suggesting production of immune memory. Reduction of tumor acidity and regulatory T cells with ablation is a simple yet effective therapy for local and systemic tumor control with broad applicability as it is not limited by expensive supplies.
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Chronic intermittent hypoxia, a hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea, promotes 4T1 breast cancer development through endothelin-1 receptors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12916. [PMID: 35902610 PMCID: PMC9334573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cancer is still debated and data are scarce regarding the link between OSA and breast cancer progression. Since conclusive epidemiological studies require large sample sizes and sufficient duration of exposure before incident cancer occurrence, basic science studies represent the most promising approach to appropriately address the topic. Here we assessed the impact of intermittent hypoxia (IH), the major hallmark of OSA, on the development of breast cancer and explored the specific involvement of the endothelin signaling pathway. Original in vitro and in vivo models were used where 3D-spheroids or cultures of murine 4T1 breast cancer cells were submitted to IH cycles, and nude NMRI mice, orthotopically implanted with 4T1 cells, were submitted to chronic IH exposure before and after implantation. The role of the endothelin-1 in promoting cancer cell development was investigated using the dual endothelin receptor antagonist, macitentan. In vitro exposure to IH significantly increased 4T1 cell proliferation and migration. Meta-analysis of 4 independent in vivo experiments showed that chronic IH exposure promoted tumor growth, assessed by caliper measurement (overall standardized mean difference: 1.00 [0.45-1.55], p < 0.001), bioluminescence imaging (1.65 [0.59-2.71]; p < 0.01) and tumor weight (0.86 [0.31-1.41], p < 0.01), and enhanced metastatic pulmonary expansion (0.77 [0.12-1.42]; p = 0.01). Both in vitro and in vivo tumor-promoting effects of IH were reversed by macitentan. Overall, these findings demonstrate that chronic intermittent hypoxia exposure promotes breast cancer growth and malignancy and that dual endothelin receptor blockade prevents intermittent hypoxia-induced tumor development.
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Tang C, Yin D, Liu T, Gou R, Fu J, Tang Q, Wang Y, Zou L, Li H. Maleimide-Functionalized Liposomes: Prolonged Retention and Enhanced Efficacy of Doxorubicin in Breast Cancer with Low Systemic Toxicity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144632. [PMID: 35889500 PMCID: PMC9320254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell surface thiols can be targeted by thiol-reactive groups of various materials such as peptides, nanoparticles, and polymers. Here, we used the maleimide group, which can rapidly and covalently conjugate with thiol groups, to prepare surface-modified liposomes (M-Lip) that prolong retention of doxorubicin (Dox) at tumor sites, enhancing its efficacy. Surface modification with the maleimide moiety had no effect on the drug loading efficiency or drug release properties. Compared to unmodified Lip/Dox, M-Lip/Dox was retained longer at the tumor site, it was taken up by 4T1 cells to a significantly greater extent, and exhibited stronger inhibitory effect against 4T1 cells. The in vivo imaging results showed that the retention time of M-Lip at the tumor was significantly longer than that of Lip. In addition, M-Lip/Dox also showed significantly higher anticancer efficacy and lower cardiotoxicity than Lip/Dox in mice bearing 4T1 tumor xenografts. Thus, the modification strategy with maleimide may be useful for achieving higher efficient liposome for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuane Tang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (C.T.); (D.Y.); (J.F.)
| | - Dan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (C.T.); (D.Y.); (J.F.)
| | - Tianya Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (T.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Rui Gou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (T.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Jiao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (C.T.); (D.Y.); (J.F.)
| | - Qi Tang
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (Q.T.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yao Wang
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (Q.T.); (Y.W.)
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (C.T.); (D.Y.); (J.F.)
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Hanmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (C.T.); (D.Y.); (J.F.)
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (H.L.)
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Chitosan IR806 dye-based polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles with mitoxantrone combination for effective chemo-photothermal therapy of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:558-570. [PMID: 35809672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemo-photothermal therapy is one of the emerging therapies for treating triple-negative breast cancer. In this study, we have used ionotropic gelation method to fabricate chitosan and IR806 dye-based polyelectrolyte complex (CIR-PEx) nanoparticles. These nano-complexes were in size range of 125 ± 20 nm. The complexation of IR 806 dye with chitosan improved photostability, photothermal transduction, and showed excellent biocompatibility. Cancer cells treated with CIR-PEx NPs enhanced intracellular uptake within 5 h of incubation and also displayed mitochondrial localization. With the combination of CIR-PEx NPs and a chemotherapeutic agent (i.e., mitoxantrone, MTX), a significant decline in cancer cell viability was observed in both 2D and 3D cell culture models. The chemo-photothermal effect of CIR-PEx NPs + MTX augmented apoptosis in cancer cells when irradiated with NIR light. Furthermore, when tested in the 4 T1-tumor model, the chemo-photothermal therapy showed a drastic decline in tumor volume and inhibited metastatic lung nodules. The localized hyperthermia caused by photothermal therapy reduced the primary tumor burden, and the chemotherapeutic activity of mitoxantrone further complemented by inhibiting the spread of cancer cells. The proposed chemo-photothermal therapy combination could be a promising strategy for treating triple-negative metastatic breast cancer.
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11
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Liu D, Cohen J, Turkman N. PEG 2000-DBCO surface coating increases intracellular uptake of liposomes by breast cancer xenografts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10564. [PMID: 35732704 PMCID: PMC9218082 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14947-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Given our interest in the utility of liposomes for molecular imaging and theranostics, we investigated how coating the outer layer of the liposome affects internalization by breast cancer cell lines in vitro and in breast tumor tissues in vivo. Indeed, we discovered that a remarkably high liposomal uptake can be achieved by DBCO (dibenzocyclooctyne) soft coating. Our data demonstrates that decorating the terminal lipid with a DBCO moiety at a specific density induces increased tumor uptake in vivo (tumor uptake ~ 50%) compared to conventional undecorated liposome (tumor uptake ~ 20%). In this study, we report improved visualization of breast cancer cells in vivo using a 4T1 orthotopic breast cancer model and primary breast tumor xenograft models MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436. L-PEG2000-DBCO coated liposomes demonstrate increased accumulation in breast cancer cells independent of tumor size, type, position, receptor expression, as well as the condition of the host mice. We expect these findings to have a major positive impact on the practical utility of liposomes in image-guided applications and precision medicine theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxing Liu
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, Long Island, USA.,Department of Radiology and Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Jules Cohen
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, Long Island, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Long Island, NY, USA
| | - Nashaat Turkman
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, Long Island, USA. .,Department of Radiology and Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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12
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Peiffer LB, Hicks J, Sosa RY, De Marzo AM, Sfanos KS, Maynard JP. Modeling Human Prostate Cancer Metastasis in Mice via Resection of Subcutaneous Allografts. Front Oncol 2022; 12:877536. [PMID: 35574356 PMCID: PMC9093182 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.877536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-year survival rate for patients diagnosed with distant metastatic prostate cancer in the United States is 30.6%. Therefore, there is a great need to develop in vivo model systems to study prostate cancer metastasis and to test potential therapeutics. Most murine prostate cancer metastatic models involve intracardiac or intraosseous implantation of cancer cells, which bypass the early stages of tumor cell migration and invasion. Herein we provide a detailed protocol for a novel method of resecting subcutaneous prostate cancer allografts in immunocompetent mice to produce spontaneous metastases and describe a pilot study using this method of tumor resection. Intact male FVB/NCrl mice (n = 9) were inoculated subcutaneously with Myc-CaP cells. Tumors were surgically resected, and mice were monitored for tumor recurrence. Animals were euthanized or died, and a full set of tissues was collected for histopathologic examination. Tumors took an average of 44 days (range 23–61) to reach 1.7 cm in any direction. All tumors were resectable, and resection of the tumors increased the study length by 70 days (range 30–121). One mouse was euthanized early of an unrelated cause, and of eight remaining mice, four developed tumor recurrence at the site of resection. One mouse developed bone metastases, one mouse developed metastases to the abdominal cavity, and two mice showed signs of local invasion. This study demonstrates that resection of subcutaneous Myc-CaP cell allografts in mice results in local tumor recurrence and the development of distant metastases, providing a new model system to study prostate cancer metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Peiffer
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jessica Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rebecca Y Sosa
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Karen S Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Janielle P Maynard
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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13
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Qi Y, Zhao T, Li R, Han M. Macrophage-Secreted S100A4 Supports Breast Cancer Metastasis by Remodeling the Extracellular Matrix in the Premetastatic Niche. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9895504. [PMID: 35496059 PMCID: PMC9046007 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9895504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related mortalities. A tumor-supportive microenvironment, also known as the premetastatic niche at secondary tumor sites, plays a crucial role in metastasis. Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for premetastatic niche formation, especially for circulating tumor cell colonization. However, the underlying molecular mechanism that contributes to this effect remains unclear. Here, we developed a lung metastasis model with 4T1 breast cancer cells and found that the metastasis critically depended on the early recruitment of macrophages to the lung. Disruption of macrophage recruitment reduced fibroblast activation and lung metastasis. Furthermore, we identified the secreted protein S100A4, which is produced by M2 macrophages and participates in fibroblast activation and ECM protein deposition via the ERK signaling pathway. Collectively, these results indicate that recruiting S100A4-expressing inflammatory macrophages plays a vital role in ECM remodeling in the premetastatic niche and may act as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Qi
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
| | - Ranran Li
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
| | - Mingyong Han
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
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14
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Role and Involvement of TENM4 and miR-708 in Breast Cancer Development and Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010172. [PMID: 35011736 PMCID: PMC8750459 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Teneurin 4 (TENM4) is a transmembrane protein that is codified by the ODZ4 gene and is involved in nervous system development, neurite outgrowth, and neuronal differentiation. In line with its involvement in the nervous system, TENM4 has also been implicated in several mental disorders such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and autism. TENM4 mutations and rearrangements have recently been identified in a number of tumors. This, combined with impaired expression in tumors, suggests that it may potentially be involved in tumorigenesis. Most of the TENM4 mutations that are observed in tumors occur in breast cancer, in which TENM4 plays a role in cells’ migration and stemness. However, the functional role that TENM4 plays in breast cancer still needs to be better evaluated, and further studies are required to better understand the involvement of TENM4 in breast cancer progression. Herein, we review the currently available data for TENM4′s role in breast cancer and propose its use as both a novel target with which to ameliorate patient prognosis and as a potential biomarker. Moreover, we also report data on the tumorigenic role of miR-708 deregulation and the possible use of this miRNA as a novel therapeutic molecule, as miR-708 is spliced out from TENM4 mRNA.
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15
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Singh M, Dahal A, Brastianos PK. Preclinical Solid Tumor Models to Study Novel Therapeutics in Brain Metastases. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e284. [PMID: 34762346 PMCID: PMC8597918 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metastases are the most common malignancy of the adult central nervous system and are becoming an increasingly troubling problem in oncology largely due to the lack of successful therapeutic options. The limited selection of treatments is a result of the currently poor understanding of the biological mechanisms of metastatic development, which in turn is difficult to achieve because of limited preclinical models that can accurately represent the clinical progression of metastasis. Described in this article are in vitro and in vivo model systems that are used to enhance the understanding of metastasis and to identify new therapies for the treatment of brain metastasis. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Singh
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ashish Dahal
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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16
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LyeTx I-b Peptide Attenuates Tumor Burden and Metastasis in a Mouse 4T1 Breast Cancer Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091136. [PMID: 34572719 PMCID: PMC8466574 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic anticancer peptides have exhibited potent anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects in neoplastic illness conditions. LyeTx I-b is a synthetic peptide derived from Lycosa erythrognatha spider venom that previously showed antibiotic activity in vitro and in vivo. This study focused on the effects of LyeTxI-b on a 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma model. Mice with a palpable tumor in the left flank were subcutaneously or intratumorally injected with LyeTx I-b (5 mg/kg), which significantly decreased the tumor volume and metastatic nodules. Histological analyses showed a large necrotic area in treated primary tumors compared to the control. LyeTxI-b reduced tumor growth and lung metastasis in the 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma model with no signs of toxicity in healthy or cancerous mice. The mechanism of action of LyeTx I-b on the 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma model was evaluated in vitro and is associated with induction of apoptosis and cell proliferation inhibition. Furthermore, LyeTx I-b seems to be an efficient regulator of the 4T1 tumor microenvironment by modulating several cytokines, such as TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, in primary tumor and lung, spleen, and brain. LyeTx I-b also plays a role in leukocytes rolling and adhesion into spinal cord microcirculation and in the number of circulating leukocytes. These data suggest a potent antineoplastic efficacy ofLyeTx I-b.
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17
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Liu S, Nyström NN, Kelly JJ, Hamilton AM, Fu Y, Ronald JA. Molecular Imaging Reveals a High Degree of Cross-Seeding of Spontaneous Metastases in a Novel Mouse Model of Synchronous Bilateral Breast Cancer. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 24:104-114. [PMID: 34312806 PMCID: PMC8760205 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Synchronous bilateral breast cancer (SBBC) patients present with cancer in both breasts at the time of diagnosis or within a short time interval. They show higher rates of metastasis and lower overall survival compared to women with unilateral breast cancer. Here we established the first preclinical SBBC model and used molecular imaging to visualize the patterns of metastasis from each primary tumor. Procedures We engineered human breast cancer cells to express either Akaluc or Antares2 for bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and tdTomato or zsGreen for ex vivo fluorescence microscopy. Both cell populations were implanted into contralateral mammary fat pads of mice (n=10), and dual-BLI was performed weekly for up to day 29 (n=3), 38 (n=4), or 42 (n=3). Primary tumors and lungs were fixed, and ex vivo fluorescence microscopy was used to analyze the cellular makeup of micrometastases. Results Signal from both Antares2 and Akaluc was first detected in the lungs on day 28 and was present in 9 of 10 mice at endpoint. Ex vivo fluorescence microscopy of the lungs revealed that for mice sacrificed on day 38, a significant percentage of micrometastases were composed of cancer cells from both primary tumors (mean 37%; range 27 to 45%), while two mice sacrificed on day 42 showed percentages of 51% and 70%. Conclusions A high degree of metastatic cross-seeding of cancer cells derived from bilateral tumors may contribute to faster metastatic growth and intratumoral heterogeneity. We posit that our work will help understand treatment resistance and optimal planning of SBBC treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11307-021-01630-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Liu
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Nivin N Nyström
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - John J Kelly
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda M Hamilton
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Yanghao Fu
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - John A Ronald
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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18
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Enhanced antitumor activity of doxorubicin by naringenin and metformin in breast carcinoma: an experimental study. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1949-1961. [PMID: 34125254 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Strategies for cancer chemotherapy commonly require the use of combination therapy for better outcomes of results. The present work is aimed to evaluate the potential of naringenin and metformin concomitant addition with doxorubicin chemotherapy against experimental breast carcinoma. The antitumor potential of drugs under the study was evaluated against methylnitrosourea (MNU)-induced breast cancer in rats and 4T1 cells-induced orthotopic breast cancer mouse model. Parameters like tumor growth, body weight, survival rate, blood glucose, hematology, and histology were determined. There was a marked reduction in tumor weight and an observed decrease in tumor multiplicity by naringenin and metformin concomitant addition with doxorubicin against MNU-induced breast carcinoma. Likewise, naringenin and metformin with doxorubicin showed a significant reduction of tumor volume and tumor weight (p < 0.01) in 4T1-induced orthotopic mouse model as compared to the same dose of doxorubicin alone, suggesting combination treatment enhanced antitumor activity in vivo. Furthermore, histology of tumor biopsies presented the improved antitumor activity of doxorubicin via increasing tumor necrosis. Hematological parameters, body weight, and survival data presented remarkable safety of combination treatment without compromising efficacy using 50% lower dose of doxorubicin as compared to the large dose of doxorubicin alone. These results demonstrate that naringenin and metformin enhanced the antitumor effect of doxorubicin in animal models of breast carcinoma, and therefore can be useful as an adjunct treatment with doxorubicin to increase its effectiveness at the lower dose level for the treatment of cancer.
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19
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Wang W, Lv R, Zhang J, Liu Y. circSAMD4A participates in the apoptosis and autophagy of dopaminergic neurons via the miR‑29c‑3p‑mediated AMPK/mTOR pathway in Parkinson's disease. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:540. [PMID: 34080649 PMCID: PMC8170871 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) can lead to movement injury and cognitive dysfunction. Although advances have been made in attenuating PD, the effect of inhibiting the development of PD remains disappointing. Therefore, the present study aimed at investigating the etiology of Parkinson's disease and developing an alternative therapeutic strategy for patients with PD. A PD mouse model was established using an intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP-HCl; 30 mg/kg/day for 5 days), and a PD cellular model was established by treating SH-SY5Y cells with different concentrations of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) for 24 h. The expression levels of circular RNA sterile α motif domain containing 4A (circSAMD4A) and microRNA (miR)-29c-3p in both midbrain tissues and SH-SY5Y cells were detected via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The interaction between circSAMD4A and miR-29c-3p was verified using a dual-luciferase reporter experiment. Apoptosis-, autophagy- and 5′AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR cascade-associated proteins in midbrain tissues and SH-SY5Y cells were detected using western blotting. Furthermore, TUNEL staining and flow cytometry were used to analyze cell apoptosis. It was found that circSAMD4A was upregulated, while miR-29c-3p was downregulated in both PD animal and cellular models. Moreover, circSAMD4A directly targeted and negatively regulated miR-29c-3p. Further studies identified that circSAMD4A knockdown inhibited MPTP- or MPP+-induced apoptosis and autophagy; however, these effects were abolished by an miR-29c-3p inhibitor. In addition, circSAMD4A knockdown repressed phosphorylated-AMPK expression and increased mTOR expression in MPTP- or MPP+-induced PD models, the effects of which were reversed by a miR-29c-3p inhibitor. Collectively, these results suggested that circSAMD4A participated in the apoptosis and autophagy of dopaminergic neurons by modulating the AMPK/mTOR cascade via miR-29c-3p in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Rongxiang Lv
- Department of Neurology, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
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20
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Huang W, Zhang J, Huo M, Gao J, Yang T, Yin X, Wang P, Leng S, Feng D, Chen Y, Yang Y, Wang Y. CUL4B Promotes Breast Carcinogenesis by Coordinating with Transcriptional Repressor Complexes in Response to Hypoxia Signaling Pathway. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2001515. [PMID: 34026424 PMCID: PMC8132058 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cullin4B (CUL4B) is a scaffold protein of the CUL4B-Ring E3 ligase (CRL4B) complex. However, the role of CUL4B in the development of breast cancer remains poorly understood. Here it is shown that CRL4B interacts with multiple histone deacetylase (HDAC)-containing corepressor complexes, including MTA1/NuRD, SIN3A, CoREST, and NcoR/SMRT complexes. It is demonstrated that CRL4B/NuRD(MTA1) complexes cooccupy the E-cadherin and AXIN2 promoters, and could be recruited by transcription factors including Snail and ZEB2 to promote cell invasion and tumorigenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, CUL4B responded to transformation and migration/invasion stimuli and is essential for multiple epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathways such as hypoxia. Furthermore, the transcription of CUL4B is directedly activated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and repressed by the ERα-GATA3 axis. Overexpressing of CUL4B successfully induced CSC-like properties. Strikingly, CUL4B expression is markedly upregulated during breast cancer progression and correlated with poor prognosis. The results suggest that CUL4B lies at a critical crossroads between EMT and stem cell properties, supporting CUL4B as a potential novel target for the development of anti-breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis ResearchAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain ProtectionDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer CenterNational Clinical Research Center for CancerCancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer CenterNational Clinical Research Center for CancerCancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Miaomiao Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer CenterNational Clinical Research Center for CancerCancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer CenterNational Clinical Research Center for CancerCancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Tianshu Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis ResearchAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain ProtectionDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China
| | - Xin Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis ResearchAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain ProtectionDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China
| | - Pei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis ResearchAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain ProtectionDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China
| | - Shuai Leng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical EpigeneticsTianjin Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Dandan Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical EpigeneticsTianjin Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Yang Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical EpigeneticsTianjin Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Yang Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical EpigeneticsTianjin Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis ResearchAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain ProtectionDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer CenterNational Clinical Research Center for CancerCancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical EpigeneticsTianjin Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
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21
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Cavalcante RS, Ishikawa U, Silva ES, Silva-Júnior AA, Araújo AA, Cruz LJ, Chan AB, de Araújo Júnior RF. STAT3/NF-κB signalling disruption in M2 tumour-associated macrophages is a major target of PLGA nanocarriers/PD-L1 antibody immunomodulatory therapy in breast cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:2284-2304. [PMID: 33434950 PMCID: PMC8251773 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Inflammation associated with the tumour microenvironment (TME) is critical for cancer development, and immunotherapeutic strategies modulating the immune response in cancer have been crucial. In this study, a methotrexate‐loaded (MTX) poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)‐based (PLGA) drug nanocarrier covered with polyethyleneimine (Pei) and hyaluronic acid (HA) was developed and combined with an PD‐L1 antibody to investigate anti‐cancer and immunomodulatory effects in breast cancer TME. Experimental Approach Naked or HA‐coated PeiPLGA‐MTX nanoparticles (NPs) were assessed on 4T1 breast cancer cells grown in culture and in a mouse model of orthotopic tumour growth. Tumours were evaluated by qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. The cell death profile and cell migration were analysed in vitro in 4T1 cells. Polarization of murine macrophages (RAW cells) was also carried out. Key Results Naked or HA‐coated PeiPLGA‐MTX NPs used alone or combined with PD‐L1 antibody modified the tumourigenic course by TME immunomodulation, leading to reduction of primary tumour size and metastases. STAT3 and NF‐κB were the major genes downregulated by NPs. In tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM) such regulation switched M2 phenotype (CD163) towards M1 (CD68) and reduced levels of IL‐10, TGF‐β and CCL22. Moreover, malignant cells showed overexpression of FADD, APAF‐1, caspase‐3 and E‐cadherin, and decreased expression of Bcl‐2, MDR‐1, survivin, vimentin, CXCR4 and PD‐L1 after treatment with NPs. Conclusion and Implications NPs‐mediated STAT3/NF‐κB signalling axis suppression disrupted crosstalk between immune and malignant cells, reducing immunosuppression and critical pro‐tumour events. These findings provide a promising therapeutic approach capable of guiding the immune TME to suppress the development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo S Cavalcante
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.,Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Uta Ishikawa
- Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Emanuell S Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Development and Technological Innovation in Medicines, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Arnóbio A Silva-Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Development and Technological Innovation in Medicines, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Aurigena A Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alan B Chan
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Biotechnology Company, Percuros B. V, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Raimundo F de Araújo Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.,Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.,Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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22
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Liu C, Wu P, Zhang A, Mao X. Advances in Rodent Models for Breast Cancer Formation, Progression, and Therapeutic Testing. Front Oncol 2021; 11:593337. [PMID: 33842308 PMCID: PMC8032937 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.593337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a highly complicated disease. Advancement in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer lies in elucidation of the mechanism of carcinogenesis and progression. Rodent models of breast cancer have developed into premier tools for investigating the mechanisms and genetic pathways in breast cancer progression and metastasis and for developing and evaluating clinical therapeutics. Every rodent model has advantages and disadvantages, and the selection of appropriate rodent models with which to investigate breast cancer is a key decision in research. Design of a suitable rodent model for a specific research purpose is based on the integration of the advantages and disadvantages of different models. Our purpose in writing this review is to elaborate on various rodent models for breast cancer formation, progression, and therapeutic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ailin Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Mao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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23
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Ombredane AS, Silva VRP, Andrade LR, Pinheiro WO, Simonelly M, Oliveira JV, Pinheiro AC, Gonçalves GF, Felice GJ, Garcia MP, Campos PM, Luz GVS, Joanitti GA. In Vivo Efficacy and Toxicity of Curcumin Nanoparticles in Breast Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:612903. [PMID: 33767985 PMCID: PMC7986721 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.612903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent types of malignant tumors in the world, resulting in a high incidence of death. The development of new molecules and technologies aiming to apply more effective and safer therapy strategies has been intensively explored to overcome this situation. The association of nanoparticles with known antitumor compounds (including plant-derived molecules such as curcumin) has been considered an effective approach to enhance tumor growth suppression and reduce adverse effects. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to summarize published data regarding evaluations about efficacy and toxicity of curcumin nanoparticles (Cur-NPs) in in vivo models of breast cancer. The search was carried out in the databases: CINAHL, Cochrane, LILACS, Embase, FSTA, MEDLINE, ProQuest, BSV regional portal, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies that evaluated tumor growth in in vivo models of breast cancer and showed outcomes related to Cur-NP treatment (without association with other antitumor molecules) were included. Of the 528 initially gathered studies, 26 met the inclusion criteria. These studies showed that a wide variety of NP platforms have been used to deliver curcumin (e.g., micelles, polymeric, lipid-based, metallic). Attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) chains (PEG) and active targeting moieties were also evaluated. Cur-NPs significantly reduced tumor volume/weight, inhibited cancer cell proliferation, and increased tumor apoptosis and necrosis. Decreases in cancer stem cell population and angiogenesis were also reported. All the studies that evaluated toxicity considered Cur-NP treatment to be safe regarding hematological/biochemical markers, damage to major organs, and/or weight loss. These effects were observed in different in vivo models of breast cancer (e.g., estrogen receptor-positive, triple-negative, chemically induced) showing better outcomes when compared to treatments with free curcumin or negative controls. This systematic review supports the proposal that Cur-NP is an effective and safe therapeutic approach in in vivo models of breast cancer, reinforcing the currently available evidence that it should be further analyzed in clinical trials for breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia S Ombredane
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds and Nanobiotechnology (LBCNano), University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Vitória R P Silva
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds and Nanobiotechnology (LBCNano), University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Laise R Andrade
- Department of Genetics & Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Willie O Pinheiro
- Post-Graduation Program in Sciences and Technologies in Health, Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Mayara Simonelly
- Department of Genetics & Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline V Oliveira
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréia C Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds and Nanobiotechnology (LBCNano), University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Gabriel F Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds and Nanobiotechnology (LBCNano), University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Gisela J Felice
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds and Nanobiotechnology (LBCNano), University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Mônica P Garcia
- Post-Graduation Program in Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Department of Genetics & Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M Campos
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, State University of Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Glécia V S Luz
- Post-Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering-PPGEB, Faculty of Gama-FGA, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Health Technology Assessment Center-NATS/UnB, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Graziella A Joanitti
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds and Nanobiotechnology (LBCNano), University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Department of Genetics & Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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24
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Liao WC, Yen HR, Chen CH, Chu YH, Song YC, Tseng TJ, Liu CH. CHPF promotes malignancy of breast cancer cells by modifying syndecan-4 and the tumor microenvironment. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:812-826. [PMID: 33791155 PMCID: PMC7994168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Several studies have indicated that abnormal chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains accumulate in breast cancer tissues; however, the functions and dysregulation of CS synthases are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that chondroitin polymerising factor (CHPF) is frequently upregulated in breast cancer tissues and that its high expression is positively associated with tumor metastasis, high stages, and short survival time. CHPF modulates CS formation in breast cancer cells. Additionally, we found that CHPF promotes tumor growth and metastasis accompanied by an increase in G-CSF levels and the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor tissue. We revealed that tumor cell-derived G-CSF is co-localised with CS on the cell surface. Interestingly, our study is the first to identify that syndecan-4 (SDC4) is modified by CHPF and that it is involved in CHPF-mediated phenotypes. Moreover, breast cancer patients with high expression of both SDC4 and CHPF had worse overall survival compared to other subsets, which implied the synergistic effects of these two genes. In summary, our results indicated that the upregulation of CHPF in breast cancer contributes to the malignant behaviour of cancer cells, thereby providing novel insights on the significance of CHPF-modified SDC4 in breast cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chieh Liao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Rong Yen
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung UniversityTaiwan
| | - Yin-Hung Chu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chyi Song
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - To-Jung Tseng
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Hui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
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25
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Correa TDS, Bocca AL, Figueiredo F, Lima ECO, Almeida Santos MDFM, Lacava ZGM, Campos-da-Paz M. Anti-CEA tagged iron nanoparticles for targeting triple-negative breast cancer. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 33540396 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abe359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Systemic therapy is generally required for breast cancer. However, treatment toxicity and side effects are a concern, especially for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype that usually develops resistance to chemotherapy. To overcome this issue, new nanoformulations capable of targeting cancer cells have been developed and alternative biomarkers have been explored as target molecules for TNBC management. In this study, we performed an in vivo assay in a murine orthotopic TNBC model to evaluate the targeting ability of anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA) loaded nanoparticles (labelled MFCEA), which had been previously synthetized by our research group. 4T1 cells were injected in the mammary gland of balb-c mice, and tumors were evaluated for CEA expression by immunohistochemistry. Tumor-bearing mice received targeted (MFCEA) and non-targeted (MF) nanoparticles intraperitoneally. Tumors were removed 1, 4, 15 and 24h after treatment, and Prussian blue iron staining was performed. Our results showed, as far as we know for the first time, that 4T1 induced tumors are CEA positive, and this opens up new prospects for treating TNBC. Furthermore, MFCEA nanoparticles were able to target malignant tissue and were retained in the tumor for longer than MF nanoparticles. The retention property of MFCEA, together with the absence of toxicity observed in the MTT assay, make these nanoparticles a promising device for management of CEA positive tumors and perhaps for TNBC. Nevertheless, further studies must be carried out to improve their performance and ensure safety for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais da Silva Correa
- Federal University of São João del-Rei, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400 - Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG, 35501296, BRAZIL
| | - Anamelia L Bocca
- Biology Institute, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro - Asa Norte, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, BRAZIL
| | - Florêncio Figueiredo
- Medical School, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro - Asa Norte, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, BRAZIL
| | - Emilia C O Lima
- Federal University of Goias, Campus Samambaia Av. Goiás - Chácaras Califórnia, Goiania, GO, 74001970, BRAZIL
| | | | | | - Mariana Campos-da-Paz
- Federal University of São João del-Rei, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400 - Chanadour, Divinópolis , Minas Gerais, 35501296, BRAZIL
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26
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Basic and translational breast cancer research relies heavily on experimental animal models. Ideally, such models for breast cancer should have commonality with human breast cancer in terms of tumor etiology, biological behavior, pathology, and response to therapeutics. This review introduces current progress in different breast cancer experimental animal models and analyzes their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and potential applications. Finally, we propose future research directions for breast cancer animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Ce-Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China. E-mail:
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27
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Tripolt S, Neubauer HA, Knab VM, Elmer DP, Aberger F, Moriggl R, Fux DA. Opioids drive breast cancer metastasis through the δ-opioid receptor and oncogenic STAT3. Neoplasia 2021; 23:270-279. [PMID: 33465556 PMCID: PMC7815495 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The opioid crisis of pain medication bears risks from addiction to cancer progression, but little experimental evidence exists. Expression of δ-opioid receptors (DORs) correlates with poor prognosis for breast cancer patients, but mechanistic insights into oncogenic signaling mechanisms of opioid-triggered cancer progression are lacking. We show that orthotopic transplant models using human or murine breast cancer cells displayed enhanced metastasis upon opioid-induced DOR stimulation. Interestingly, opioid-exposed breast cancer cells showed enhanced migration and strong STAT3 activation, which was efficiently blocked by a DOR-antagonist. Furthermore, opioid treatment resulted in down-regulation of E-Cadherin and increased expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. Notably, STAT3 knockdown or upstream inhibition through the JAK1/2 kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib prevented opioid-induced breast cancer cell metastasis and migration in vitro and in vivo. We conclude on a novel mechanism whereby opioid-triggered breast cancer metastasis occurs via oncogenic JAK1/2-STAT3 signaling to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These findings emphasize the importance of selective and restricted opioid use, as well as the need for safer pain medication that does not activate these oncogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Tripolt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidi A Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vanessa M Knab
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik P Elmer
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fritz Aberger
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela A Fux
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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28
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Optimized 5-Fluorouridine Prodrug for Co-Loading with Doxorubicin in Clinically Relevant Liposomes. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010107. [PMID: 33467652 PMCID: PMC7830726 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposome-based drug delivery systems have allowed for better drug tolerability and longer circulation times but are often optimized for a single agent due to the inherent difficulty of co-encapsulating two drugs with differing chemical profiles. Here, we design and test a prodrug based on a ribosylated nucleoside form of 5-fluorouracil, 5-fluorouridine (5FUR), with the final purpose of co-encapsulation with doxorubicin (DOX) in liposomes. To improve the loading of 5FUR, we developed two 5FUR prodrugs that involved the conjugation of either one or three moieties of tryptophan (W) known respectively as, 5FUR−W and 5FUR−W3. 5FUR−W demonstrated greater chemical stability than 5FUR−W3 and allowed for improved loading with fewer possible byproducts from tryptophan hydrolysis. Varied drug ratios of 5FUR−W: DOX were encapsulated for in vivo testing in the highly aggressive 4T1 murine breast cancer model. A liposomal molar ratio of 2.5 5FUR−W: DOX achieved a 62.6% reduction in tumor size compared to the untreated control group and a 33% reduction compared to clinical doxorubicin liposomes in a proof-of-concept study to demonstrate the viability of the co-encapsulated liposomes. We believe that the new prodrug 5FUR−W demonstrates a prodrug design with clinical translatability by reducing the number of byproducts produced by the hydrolysis of tryptophan, while also allowing for loading flexibility.
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29
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Blocking c-MET/ERBB1 Axis Prevents Brain Metastasis in ERBB2+ Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102838. [PMID: 33019652 PMCID: PMC7601177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Targeted monotherapies are ineffective in the treatment of brain metastasis of ERBB2+ breast cancer (BC) underscoring the need for combination therapies. The lack of robust preclinical models has further hampered the assessment of treatment modalities. We report here a clinically relevant orthotopic mouse model of ERBB2+ BC that spontaneously metastasizes to brain and demonstrates that targeting the c-MET/ERBB1 axis with a combination of cabozantinib and neratinib decreases primary tumor growth and prevents brain metastasis in ERBB2+ BC. Abstract Brain metastasis (BrM) remains a significant cause of cancer-related mortality in epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (ERBB2+) breast cancer (BC) patients. We proposed here that a combination treatment of irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor neratinib (NER) and the c-MET inhibitor cabozantinib (CBZ) could prevent brain metastasis. To address this, we first tested the combination treatment of NER and CBZ in the brain-seeking ERBB2+ cell lines SKBrM3 and JIMT-1-BR3, and in ERBB2+ organoids that expressed the c-MET/ERBB1 axis. Next, we developed and characterized an orthotopic mouse model of spontaneous BrM and evaluated the therapeutic effect of CBZ and NER in vivo. The combination treatment of NER and CBZ significantly inhibited proliferation and migration in ERBB2+ cell lines and reduced the organoid growth in vitro. Mechanistically, the combination treatment of NER and CBZ substantially inhibited ERK activation downstream of the c-MET/ERBB1 axis. Orthotopically implanted SKBrM3+ cells formed primary tumor in the mammary fat pad and spontaneously metastasized to the brain and other distant organs. Combination treatment with NER and CBZ inhibited primary tumor growth and predominantly prevented BrM. In conclusion, the orthotopic model of spontaneous BrM is clinically relevant, and the combination therapy of NER and CBZ might be a useful approach to prevent BrM in BC.
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30
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Zheng F, Li P, Bachawal SV, Wang H, Li C, Yuan W, Huang B, Paulmurugan R. Assessment of Metastatic and Reactive Sentinel Lymph Nodes with B7-H3-Targeted Ultrasound Molecular Imaging: A Longitudinal Study in Mouse Models. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 22:1003-1011. [PMID: 32034623 PMCID: PMC11162558 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the potential of B7-H3-targeted ultrasound molecular imaging (USMI) for longitudinal assessment and differentiation of metastatic and reactive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in mouse models. PROCEDURES Metastatic and reactive SLN models were established by injection of 4T1 breast cancer cells and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) respectively to the 4th mammary fat pad of female BALB/c mice. At day 21, 28, and 35 after inoculation, USMI was performed following intravenous injection of B7-H3-targeted microbubbles (MBB7-H3) or IgG-control microbubbles (MBcontrol). All SLNs were histopathologically examined after the last imaging session. RESULTS A total of 20 SLNs from tumor-bearing mice (T-SLNs) and five SLNs from CFA-injected mice (C-SLNs) were examined by USMI. Nine T-SLNs were histopathologically positive for metastasis (MT-SLNs). From day 21 to 35, T-SLNs showed a rising trend in MBB7-H3 signal with a steep increase in MT-SLNs at day 35 (213.5 ± 80.8 a.u.) as compared to day 28 (87.6 ± 77.2 a.u., P = 0.002) and day 21 (55.7 ± 35.5 a.u., P < 0.001). At day 35, MT-SLNs had significantly higher MBB7-H3 signal than non-metastatic T-SLNs (NMT-SLNs) (101.9 ± 48.0 a.u., P = 0.001) and C-SLNs (38.5 ± 34.0 a.u., P = 0.001); MBB7-H3 signal was significantly higher than MBcontrol in MT-SLNs (P = 0.001), but not in NMT-SLNs or C-SLNs (both P > 0.05). A significant correlation was detected between MBB7-H3 signal and volume fraction of metastasis in MT-SLNs (r = 0.76, P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS B7-H3-targeted USMI allows differentiation of MT-SLNs from NMT-SLNs and C-SLNs in mouse models and has great potential to evaluate tumor burden in SLNs of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyang Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
- Institute of Ultrasound Imaging of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Sunitha V Bachawal
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Huaijun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Chaolun Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Beijian Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA.
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31
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Garritson J, Krynski L, Haverbeck L, Haughian JM, Pullen NA, Hayward R. Physical activity delays accumulation of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234548. [PMID: 32542046 PMCID: PMC7295224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are potent suppressors of immune function and may play a key role in the development and progression of metastatic cancers. Aerobic exercise has been shown to have anticancer effects, yet the mechanisms behind this protection are largely unknown. Therefore, we examined the effects of physical activity on MDSC accumulation and function. Methods Female BALB/c mice were assigned to one of two primary groups: sedentary tumor (SED+TUM) or wheel run tumor (WR+TUM). After 6 weeks of voluntary wheel running, all animals were randomly subdivided into 4 different timepoint groups; 16, 20, 24, and 28 days post-tumor injection. All mice were inoculated with 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells in the mammary fat pad and WR groups continued to run for the specified time post-injection. Spleen, blood, and tumor samples were analyzed using flow cytometry to assess proportions of MDSCs. Results Cells expressing MDSC biomarkers were detected in the spleen, blood, and tumor beginning at d16. However, since there was no evidence of immunosuppressive function until d28, we refer to them as immature myeloid cells (IMCs). Compared to SED+TUM, levels of IMCs in the spleen were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in WR+TUM at day 16 (33.0 ± 5.2%; 23.1 ± 10.2% of total cells, respectively) and day 20 (33.9 ± 8.1%; 24.3 ± 5.1% of total cells, respectively). Additionally, there were fewer circulating IMCs in WR+TUM at day 16 and MDSC levels were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the tumor at day 28 in WR+TUM. Additionally, a non-significant 62% and 26% reduction in metastatic lung nodules was observed at days 24 and 28, respectively. At day 28, MDSCs harvested from SED+TUM significantly suppressed CD3+CD4+ T cell proliferation (3.2 ± 1.3 proliferation index) while proliferation in WR+TUM MDSC co-cultures (5.1 ± 1.7 proliferation index) was not different from controls. Conclusions These findings suggest that physical activity may delay the accumulation of immunosuppressive MDSCs providing a broader window of opportunity for interventions with immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Garritson
- School of Sport and Exercise Science and the University of Northern Colorado Cancer Rehabilitation Institute, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, United States of America
| | - Luke Krynski
- School of Sport and Exercise Science and the University of Northern Colorado Cancer Rehabilitation Institute, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, United States of America
| | - Lea Haverbeck
- School of Sport and Exercise Science and the University of Northern Colorado Cancer Rehabilitation Institute, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, United States of America
| | - James M. Haughian
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, United States of America
| | - Nicholas A. Pullen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, United States of America
| | - Reid Hayward
- School of Sport and Exercise Science and the University of Northern Colorado Cancer Rehabilitation Institute, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kassassir H, Karolczak K, Siewiera KM, Wojkowska DW, Braun M, Watala CW. Time-dependent interactions of blood platelets and cancer cells, accompanied by extramedullary hematopoiesis, lead to increased platelet activation and reactivity in a mouse orthotopic model of breast cancer - implications for pulmonary and liver metastasis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:5091-5120. [PMID: 32191918 PMCID: PMC7138580 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aging has become a significant risk factor for several diseases, including breast cancer. Platelet activation and platelet-cancer cell aggregate fractions were found to increase with tumor progression in a mouse model of breast cancer. At advanced stages of tumor development, platelets from mice with breast cancer were hyperreactive to low agonist concentrations and hyporeactive to high ones. Platelet activation and reactivity were strongly associated with breast cancer metastasis in the lungs and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the liver. A greater fraction of platelet aggregates was observed in 4T1-injected mice at the advanced stages of breast cancer. In vitro, platelet activation was elevated after incubation with 4T1 cells, and thrombin-stimulated platelets formed aggregates with 4T1 cells. Neither GPIbα, nor GPIIb/IIIa blocking antibodies, were able to affect platelet-cancer cell aggregation in vitro. The primed circulating platelets became more sensitive to subthreshold stimuli at advanced stages of tumor development, and the formation of platelet-cancer cell aggregates increased with cancer progression. Our findings demonstrate that the age-associated progression of breast cancer cells is connected with increased platelet functioning, and that it can be manifested by the increased number of metastases and extramedullary hematopoiesis in a time-dependent-manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Kassassir
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamil Karolczak
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina M Siewiera
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Cytobiology and Proteomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dagmara W Wojkowska
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Braun
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezary W Watala
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Kaushik L, Srivastava S, Panjeta A, Chaudhari D, Ghadi R, Kuche K, Malik R, Preet S, Jain S, Raza K. Exploration of docetaxel palmitate and its solid lipid nanoparticles as a novel option for alleviating the rising concern of multi-drug resistance. Int J Pharm 2020; 578:119088. [PMID: 32001291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX), a widely prescribed anticancer agent, is now associated with increased instances of multidrug resistance. Also, being a problematic BCS class IV drug, it poses challenges for the formulators. Henceforth, it was envisioned to synthesize an analogue of DTX with a biocompatible lipid, i.e., palmitic acid. The in-silico studies (molecular docking and simulation) inferred lesser binding of docetaxel palmitate (DTX-PL) with P-gp vis-à-vis DTX and paclitaxel, indicating it to be a poor substrate for P-gp efflux. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of the conjugate were prepared using various lipids, viz. palmitic acid, stearic acid, cetyl palmitate and glyceryl monostearate. The characterization studies for the nanocarrier were performed for the surface charge, drug payload, micromeritics, release pattern of drug and surface morphology. From the cytotoxicity assays on resistant MCF-7 cells, it was established that the new analogue offered substantially decreased IC50 to that of DTX. Further, apoptosis assay also corroborated the results obtained in IC50 determination wherein, SA-SLNs showed the highest apoptotic index than free DTX. The conjugate not only enhanced the solubility but also offered lower plasma protein binding and improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effect for DTX loaded SA-SLNs in apt animal models, and lower affinity to P-gp efflux. The studies provide preliminary evidence and a ray of hope for a better candidate in its nano version for safer and effective cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Kaushik
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences & Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Shubham Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences & Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Anshul Panjeta
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Dasharath Chaudhari
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Rohan Ghadi
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Kaushik Kuche
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ruchi Malik
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences & Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Simran Preet
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Kaisar Raza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences & Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India.
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Park J, Park J, Castanares MA, Collins DS, Yeo Y. Magnetophoretic Delivery of a Tumor-Priming Agent for Chemotherapy of Metastatic Murine Breast Cancer. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1864-1873. [PMID: 30916974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment is a significant physical barrier to the effective delivery of chemotherapy into solid tumors. To overcome this challenge, tumors are pretreated with an agent that reduces cellular and extracellular matrix densities prior to chemotherapy. However, it also comes with a concern that metastasis may increase due to the loss of protective containment. We hypothesize that timely priming at the early stage of primary tumors will help control metastasis. To test this, we primed orthotopic 4T1 breast tumors with a paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded iron-oxide-decorated poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle (NP) composite (PTX@PINC), which can be quickly concentrated in target tissues with the aid of an external magnet, and monitored its effect on the delivery of subsequently administered NPs. Magnetic resonance imaging and optical whole-body imaging confirmed that PTX@PINC was efficiently delivered to tumors by the external magnet and help loosen the tumors to accommodate subsequently delivered NPs. Consistently, the primed tumors responded to Doxil better than nonprimed tumors. In addition, lung metastasis was significantly reduced in the animals PINC-primed prior to Doxil administration. These results support that PINC combined with magnetophoresis can facilitate the timely management of primary tumors with a favorable secondary effect on metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Park
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy , Purdue University , 575 Stadium Mall Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States.,Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center , Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis , Indiana 46285 , United States
| | - Joonyoung Park
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy , Purdue University , 575 Stadium Mall Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Mark A Castanares
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center , Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis , Indiana 46285 , United States
| | - David S Collins
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center , Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis , Indiana 46285 , United States
| | - Yoon Yeo
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy , Purdue University , 575 Stadium Mall Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering , Purdue University , 206 South Martin Jischke Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
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35
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Anand S, Yasinchak A, Bullock T, Govande M, Maytin EV. A non-toxic approach for treatment of breast cancer and its metastases: capecitabine enhanced photodynamic therapy in a murine breast tumor model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5. [PMID: 30740528 PMCID: PMC6368086 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2018.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Breast cancer (BCA) in women is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity; distant metastases occur in ~40% of cases. Here, as an alternative to ionizing radiation therapy and chemotherapy and their associated side effects, we explored a new combination approach using capecitabine (CPBN) and aminolevulinate-based photodynamic therapy (PDT). We had previously developed a combination PDT approach in which 5-fluorouracil (5FU), a differentiation-promoting agent, increases the levels of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in cancer cells when given as a neoadjuvant prior to aminolevulinic acid (ALA). However, 5FU can be toxic when administered systemically at high levels. We reasoned that CPBN, a known chemotherapeutic for BCA and less toxic than 5FU (because CPBN is metabolized to 5FU specifically within tumor tissues), might work equally well as a PDT neoadjuvant. Methods: Murine 4T1 BCA cells harboring a luciferase transgene were injected into breast fat pads of female nude mice. CPBN (600 mg/kg/day) was administered by oral gavage for 3 days followed by intraperitoneal ALA administration and PDT with red light (633 nm) on day 4. Tumor growth and regression were monitored in vivo using bioluminescence imaging. Histological changes in primary tumors and metastases were assessed by immunohistochemistry after necropsy. Results: CPBN pretreatment of 4T1 tumors increased cellular differentiation, reduced proliferation, raised PpIX levels, enhanced tumor cell death, and reduced metastatic spread of 4T1 cells post-PDT, relative to vehicle-only controls. Conclusion: The use of CPBN as a non-toxic PDT neoadjuvant for treatment of BCA represents a novel approach with significant potential for translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Anand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Institute of Plastic Surgery and Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Anton Yasinchak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Taylor Bullock
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mukul Govande
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Edward V Maytin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Institute of Plastic Surgery and Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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36
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Xiao W, Ibrahim ML, Redd PS, Klement JD, Lu C, Yang D, Savage NM, Liu K. Loss of Fas Expression and Function Is Coupled with Colon Cancer Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 17:420-430. [PMID: 30429213 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy in various types of human cancers, colon cancer, except for the approximately 4% microsatellite-instable (MSI) colon cancer, does not respond to ICI immunotherapy. ICI acts through activating CTLs that use the Fas-FasL pathway as one of the two effector mechanisms to suppress tumor. Cancer stem cells are often associated with resistance to therapy including immunotherapy, but the functions of Fas in colon cancer apoptosis and colon cancer stem cells are currently conflicting and highly debated. We report here that decreased Fas expression is coupled with a subset of CD133+CD24lo colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Consistent of the lower Fas expression level, this subset of CD133+CD24loFaslo colon cancer cells exhibits decreased sensitivity to FasL-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, FasL selectively enriches CD133+CD24loFaslo colon cancer cells. CD133+CD24loFaslo colon cancer cells exhibit increased lung colonization potential in experimental metastatic mouse models and decreased sensitivity to tumor-specific CTL adoptive transfer and ICI immunotherapies. Interestingly, FasL challenge selectively enriched this subset of colon cancer cells in microsatellite-stable (MSS) but not in the MSI human colon cancer cell lines. Consistent with the downregulation of Fas expression in CD133+CD24lo cells, lower Fas expression level is significantly correlated with decreased survival in patients with human colon cancer. IMPLICATIONS: Our data determine that CD133+CD24loFaslo colon cancer cells are capable to evade Fas-FasL cytotoxicity of tumor-reactive CTLs and targeting this subset of colon cancer cells is potentially an effective approach to suppress colon cancer immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Mohammed L Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Priscilla S Redd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - John D Klement
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Chunwan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Natasha M Savage
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia. .,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
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37
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Khadge S, Thiele GM, Sharp JG, McGuire TR, Klassen LW, Black PN, DiRusso CC, Cook L, Talmadge JE. Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease mammary tumor growth, multiorgan metastasis and enhance survival. Clin Exp Metastasis 2018; 35:797-818. [PMID: 30327985 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9941-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show a reduced risk of breast cancer (BC) in women consuming high levels of long-chain (LC) omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids (FAs) compared with women who consumed low levels. However, the regulatory and mechanistic roles of dietary ω-6 and LC-ω-3 FAs on tumor progression, metastasis and survival are poorly understood. Female BALB/c mice (10-week old) were pair-fed with a diet containing ω-3 or an isocaloric, isolipidic ω-6 diet for 16 weeks prior to the orthotopic implantation of 4T1 mammary tumor cells. Major outcomes studied included: mammary tumor growth, survival analysis, and metastases analyses in multiple organs including pulmonary, hepatic, bone, cardiac, renal, ovarian, and contralateral MG (CMG). The dietary regulation of the tumor microenvironment was evaluated in mice autopsied on day-35 post tumor injection. In mice fed the ω-3 containing diet, there was a significant delay in tumor initiation and prolonged survival relative to the ω-6 diet-fed group. The tumor size on day 35 post tumor injection in the ω-3 group was 50% smaller and the frequencies of pulmonary and bone metastases were significantly lower relative to the ω-6 group. Similarly, the incidence/frequencies and/or size of cardiac, renal, ovarian metastases were significantly lower in mice fed the ω-3 diet. The analyses of the tumor microenvironment showed that tumors in the ω-3 group had significantly lower numbers of proliferating tumor cells (Ki67+)/high power field (HPF), and higher numbers of apoptotic tumor cells (TUNEL+)/HPF, lower neo-vascularization (CD31+ vessels/HPF), infiltration by neutrophil elastase+ cells, and macrophages (F4/80+) relative to the tumors from the ω-6 group. Further, in tumors from the ω-3 diet-fed mice, T-cell infiltration was 102% higher resulting in a neutrophil to T-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) that was 76% lower (p < 0.05). Direct correlations were observed between NLR with tumor size and T-cell infiltration with the number of apoptotic tumor cells. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that tumor IL10 mRNA levels were significantly higher (six-fold) in the tumors from mice fed the ω-3 diet and inversely correlated with the tumor size. Our data suggest that dietary LC-ω-3FAs modulates the mammary tumor microenvironment slowing tumor growth, and reducing metastases to both common and less preferential organs resulting in prolonged survival. The surrogate analyses undertaken support a mechanism of action by dietary LC-ω-3FAs that includes, but is not limited to decreased infiltration by myeloid cells (neutrophils and macrophages), an increase in CD3+ lymphocyte infiltration and IL10 associated anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraswoti Khadge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA.,Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - John Graham Sharp
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Timothy R McGuire
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lynell W Klassen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA.,Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Paul N Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Concetta C DiRusso
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Leah Cook
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA
| | - James E Talmadge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA.
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38
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Redd PS, Ibrahim ML, Klement JD, Sharman SK, Paschall AV, Yang D, Nayak-Kapoor A, Liu K. SETD1B Activates iNOS Expression in Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2834-2843. [PMID: 28381543 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) generates nitric oxide (NO) in myeloid cells that acts as a defense mechanism to suppress invading microorganisms or neoplastic cells. In tumor-bearing mice, elevated iNOS expression is a hallmark of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). MDSCs use NO to nitrate both the T-cell receptor and STAT1, thus inhibiting T-cell activation and the antitumor immune response. The molecular mechanisms underlying iNOS expression and regulation in tumor-induced MDSCs are unknown. We report here that deficiency in IRF8 results in diminished iNOS expression in both mature CD11b+Gr1- and immature CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid cells in vivo Strikingly, although IRF8 was silenced in tumor-induced MDSCs, iNOS expression was significantly elevated in tumor-induced MDSCs, suggesting that the expression of iNOS is regulated by an IRF8-independent mechanism under pathologic conditions. Furthermore, tumor-induced MDSCs exhibited diminished STAT1 and NF-κB Rel protein levels, the essential inducers of iNOS in myeloid cells. Instead, tumor-induced MDSCs showed increased SETD1B expression as compared with their cellular equivalents in tumor-free mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that H3K4me3, the target of SETD1B, was enriched at the nos2 promoter in tumor-induced MDSCs, and inhibition or silencing of SETD1B diminished iNOS expression in tumor-induced MDSCs. Our results show how tumor cells use the SETD1B-H3K4me3 epigenetic axis to bypass a normal role for IRF8 expression in activating iNOS expression in MDSCs when they are generated under pathologic conditions. Cancer Res; 77(11); 2834-43. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla S Redd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Mohammed L Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - John D Klement
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sarah K Sharman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Amy V Paschall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Asha Nayak-Kapoor
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia. .,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
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39
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Holen I, Speirs V, Morrissey B, Blyth K. In vivo models in breast cancer research: progress, challenges and future directions. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:359-371. [PMID: 28381598 PMCID: PMC5399571 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.028274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Research using animal model systems has been instrumental in delivering improved therapies for breast cancer, as well as in generating new insights into the mechanisms that underpin development of the disease. A large number of different models are now available, reflecting different types and stages of the disease; choosing which one to use depends on the specific research question(s) to be investigated. Based on presentations and discussions from leading experts who attended a recent workshop focused on in vivo models of breast cancer, this article provides a perspective on the many varied uses of these models in breast cancer research, their strengths, associated challenges and future directions. Among the questions discussed were: how well do models represent the different stages of human disease; how can we model the involvement of the human immune system and microenvironment in breast cancer; what are the appropriate models of metastatic disease; can we use models to carry out preclinical drug trials and identify pathways responsible for drug resistance; and what are the limitations of patient-derived xenograft models? We briefly outline the areas where the existing breast cancer models require improvement in light of the increased understanding of the disease process, reflecting the drive towards more personalised therapies and identification of mechanisms of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Holen
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Valerie Speirs
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Bethny Morrissey
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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