1
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Benotti PN, Kaberi-Otarod J, Wood GC, Gerhard GS, Still CD, Bistrian BR. Iron homeostasis in obesity and metabolic and bariatric surgery: a narrative review. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2024:S1550-7289(24)00737-8. [PMID: 39277530 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2024.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Iron deficiency has been recognized as a potentially modifiable nutritional complication of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) since prior to the turn of the century. Despite this, it remains the most common and clinically significant nutritional complication of this surgery with the potential to negate quality of life and the health benefits of surgical weight loss. This narrative review summarizes the current literature regarding iron deficiency as it relates to patients with severe obesity and those who undergo MBS. Advances in the clinical knowledge of iron homeostasis in severe obesity as a chronic disease, current diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of iron deficiency in this patient population, the significance of preoperative iron deficiency, postoperative iron deficiency, and the status of supplementation and treatment will be reviewed with emphasis on gaps in knowledge and needed areas of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Benotti
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Research, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA.
| | | | - G Craig Wood
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Research, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA
| | - Glenn S Gerhard
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology Temple University, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christopher D Still
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Research, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA
| | - Bruce R Bistrian
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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2
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Basrowi RW, Zulfiqqar A, Sitorus NL. Anemia in Breastfeeding Women and Its Impact on Offspring's Health in Indonesia: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1285. [PMID: 38732532 PMCID: PMC11085192 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Anemia in breastfeeding women is a neglected global health issue with significant implications for maternal and child health. Despite its widespread occurrence and adverse effects, this problem remains largely unknown and overlooked on the global health agenda. Despite efforts to improve health access coverage and provide iron and folic acid supplementation, anemia persists. This underscores the need for a comprehensive approach to address the problem. Urgent action must be taken to prioritize education and awareness campaigns, ensure access to nutritious food, and enhance healthcare services. Education programs should focus on promoting iron-rich diets, dispelling cultural myths, and providing practical guidance. Improving healthcare services requires increasing availability, ensuring a consistent supply of iron supplements, and providing adequate training for healthcare providers. A successful implementation relies on a strong collaboration between the government, healthcare providers, and community. It is crucial that we acknowledge that high coverage alone is insufficient for solving the issue, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions and a strategic implementation. By adopting a comprehensive approach and addressing the underlying causes of anemia, Indonesia can make significant progress in reducing its prevalence and improving the overall health of its population, particularly among breastfeeding women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Wagiu Basrowi
- Danone Specialized Nutrition Indonesia, Jakarta 12940, Indonesia;
- Occupational Medicine Program, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 12300, Indonesia
| | - Andy Zulfiqqar
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia;
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3
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Zhang Y, Huang J, Sun M, Duan Y, Wang L, Yu N, Peng D, Chen W, Wang Y. Preparation, characterization, antioxidant and antianemia activities of Poria cocos polysaccharide iron (III) complex. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12819. [PMID: 36647359 PMCID: PMC9840143 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As a new natural antioxidant with high safety and non-toxic side effects, polysaccharide can also be used as a critical macromolecular carrier to form a stable iron complex with Fe3+. Our previous study has extracted and purified the homogeneous polysaccharide (PCP1C) from Poria cocos. In this study, the PCP1C-iron (III) complex was synthesized by co-thermal synthesis with PCP1C and ferric trichloride. The chelating capacity, iron releasing capacity, and qualitative identification of complex were evaluated. The complex was characterized by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) analysis, particle size distribution, and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The antioxidant and iron supplement effects of the complex were also studied in vitro and in the iron deficiency anemia (IDA) rat model. The results showed that the iron content in the PCP1C-iron (III) complex was 28.14% with no free iron, and the iron release rate was 95.3%. The structure analysis showed that the iron core of the PCP1C-iron (III) complex existed in the form of β-FeOOH and the surface of the complex become smooth and particle size increased, which indicated the high iron content of polysaccharide iron and slow release. Furthermore, we found that the PCP1C iron (III) complex had positive scavenging effect on DPPH, ABTS, MDA, and hydroxyl radical in vitro study and significantly increased the levels of red blood cell (RBC), Hemoglobin (Hb), and red blood cell specific volume (HCT) in IDA rat model. Therefore, our results suggested that the PCP1C-iron (III) complex is expected to develop into a new comprehensive iron supplement and antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China
| | - Jiajing Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Mingjie Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yuting Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Nianjun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China,Institute of Conservation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Hefei, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China,Institute of Conservation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Hefei, China,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China,Institute of Conservation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Hefei, China,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China,Corresponding author. School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
| | - Yanyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China,Institute of Conservation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Hefei, China,Corresponding author. School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
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4
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The relationship between anemia and obesity. Expert Rev Hematol 2022; 15:911-926. [PMID: 36189499 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2022.2131521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is linked to a variety of unfavourable outcomes, including anaemia, which is a serious global public health problem. The prevalence of obesity along with anaemia suggests a relationship between obesity and anaemia. Recent studies have demonstrated strong associations between anaemia and obesity, chronic diseases, ageing, hepato-renal impairment, chronic infection, autoimmune diseases, and widespread malignancy. Thus, the intersection point of obesity and anaemia is an important area of attention. AREA COVERED This paper reviews the pathophysiology of obesity and anaemia. Then, It deliberates the relationship between obesity and different types of anaemia and other clinical forms associated with anaemia. EXPERT OPINION Obesity, especially obesity-related to excessive visceral fat distribution, is accompanied by several disturbances at the endothelial, hormonal, and inflammatory levels. These disturbances induce activation of several mechanisms that contribute to the anaemic state. Over-weight patients with chronic anaemias are required to maintain the related vitamins and minerals at optimum levels and appropriate BMI. In addition, a regular clinical follow-up is essential to be scheduled to reduce the risk of complications associated with anaemia in obese patients.
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5
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Color change of primary teeth following exposure to an experimentally synthesized liposomal nano-encapsulated ferrous sulfate drop versus the commercially available iron drops. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Rolf K, Januszko O, Frąckiewicz J, Madej D, Kaluza J. The Influence of Iron and Zinc Supplementation on Iron Apparent Absorption in Rats Fed Vitamins and Minerals Reduced Diets. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3013-3020. [PMID: 33070206 PMCID: PMC8222028 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Deficient human diet is usually reduced in many nutrients, but animal studies on iron absorption have been only carried out for rats fed well-balanced (control) and iron-deficient diets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of iron or iron/zinc supplementation on iron apparent absorption (IAA) in rats fed a diet reduced in all vitamins and minerals (R). The study was conducted on 77, 6-week-old male Wistar rats in 3 stages as follows: stage I, 4-week period of adaptation to R diet (50% less vitamins and minerals compared to AIN-93M recommendations); stage II, 4-week supplementation period with iron (RSFe) or iron/zinc (RSFeZn); stage III, 2-week post-supplementation period (rats fed R diet). Feces samples to IAA determination were collected at the 20-22nd days of stage I and II and the 10-12th days of stage III. To determine the changes in IAA after introducing and discontinuation of supplementation, feces were collected for 3 days after introducing (stage II) and 5 days after the supplementation discontinuation (stage III). At the end of stage II, compared to R rats, the IAA was statistically significantly higher in RSFe and RSFeZn rats (30.3 ± 2.0% vs. 47.4 ± 1.2% and 51.0 ± 1.7%, respectively). After introducing iron or iron/zinc supplementation, the IAA stabilized fast already in the first day, while after discontinuation of the supplementation, at least 4 days was required to the stabilization. At the end of stage III, the IAA was significantly lower in RSFe (15.8 ± 6.6%) than in RSFeZn rats (43.4 ± 5.9%). In conclusion, to confirm that iron and zinc supplementation is more beneficial than iron supplementation only, especially after discontinuation of supplementation, further research among humans is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Rolf
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Olga Januszko
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Frąckiewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Madej
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kaluza
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Wang L, Zhang P, Li C, Chen J. Antioxidant and digestion properties of polysaccharides from
Rosa roxburghii
Tratt fruit and polysacchride‐iron (III) complex. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Pan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
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8
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Oral Iron Supplementation—Gastrointestinal Side Effects and the Impact on the Gut Microbiota. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres12020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a worldwide healthcare problem affecting approximately 25% of the global population. The most common IDA treatment is oral iron supplementation, which has been associated with gastrointestinal (GI) side effects such as constipation and bloating. These can result in treatment non-adherence and the persistence of IDA. Intravenous iron does not cause GI side effects, which may be due to the lack of exposure to the intestinal lumen. Luminal iron can cause changes to the gut microbiota, aiding the promotion of pathogenic species and decreasing beneficial protective species. Iron is vital for methanogenic archaea, which rely on iron for growth and metabolism. Increased intestinal methane has been associated with slowing of intestinal transit, constipation, and bloating. Here we explore the literature to understand a potential link between iron and methanogenesis as a novel way to understand the mechanism of oral iron supplementation induced GI side effects.
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9
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Zhang YY, Stockmann R, Ng K, Ajlouni S. Opportunities for plant-derived enhancers for iron, zinc, and calcium bioavailability: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:652-685. [PMID: 33443794 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of the mechanism of interactions between dietary elements, their salts, and complexing/binding ligands is vital to manage both deficiency and toxicity associated with essential element bioavailability. Numerous mineral ligands are found in both animal and plant foods and are known to exert bioactivity via element chelation resulting in modulation of antioxidant capacity or micobiome metabolism among other physiological outcomes. However, little is explored in the context of dietary mineral ligands and element bioavailability enhancement, particularly with respect to ligands from plant-derived food sources. This review highlights a novel perspective to consider various plant macro/micronutrients as prospective bioavailability enhancing ligands of three essential elements (Fe, Zn, and Ca). We also delineate the molecular mechanisms of the ligand-binding interactions underlying mineral bioaccessibility at the luminal level. We conclude that despite current understandings of some of the structure-activity relationships associated with strong mineral-ligand binding, the physiological links between ligands as element carriers and uptake at targeted sites throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract still require more research. The binding behavior of potential ligands in the human diet should be further elucidated and validated using pharmacokinetic approaches and GI models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yianna Y Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Ken Ng
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Said Ajlouni
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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10
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He L, Yang F, Liang Y, Zhang M, Liu X, Zhao S, Jin G. Process optimisation of haemoglobin hydrolysis by complex proteases to produce haem‐enriched peptides and its iron uptake property evaluation by Caco‐2 cell model. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lichao He
- College of Food and Biotechnology Wuhan Institute of Design and Sciences Wuhan430205China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology & MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan430070China
| | - Yanhui Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology & MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan430070China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology & MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan430070China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology & MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan430070China
| | - Shilin Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology & MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan430070China
| | - Guofeng Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology & MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan430070China
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11
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McCormick R, Sim M, Dawson B, Peeling P. Refining Treatment Strategies for Iron Deficient Athletes. Sports Med 2020; 50:2111-2123. [PMID: 33057935 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) is a prevailing nutritional concern amongst the athletic population due to the increased iron demands of this group. Athletes' ability to replenish taxed iron stores is challenging due to the low bioavailability of dietary sources, and the interaction between exercise and hepcidin, the primary iron-regulatory hormone. To date, copious research has explored the link between exercise and iron regulation, with a more recent focus on optimising iron treatment applications. Currently, oral iron supplementation is typically the first avenue of iron replacement therapy beyond nutritional intervention, for treatment of ID athletes. However, many athletes encounter associated gastrointestinal side-effects which can deter them from fulfilling a full-term oral iron treatment plan, generally resulting in sub-optimal treatment efficacy. Consequently, various strategies (e.g. dosage, composition, timing) of oral iron supplementation have been investigated with the goal of increasing fractional iron absorption, reducing gastric irritation, and ultimately improving the efficacy of oral iron therapy. This review explores the various treatment strategies pertinent to athletes and concludes a contemporary strategy of oral iron therapy entailing morning supplementation, ideally within the 30 min following morning exercise, and in athletes experiencing gut sensitivity, consumed on alternate days or at lower doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel McCormick
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia. .,The Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia.
| | - Marc Sim
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Brian Dawson
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Peeling
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,The Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia
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12
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Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of oleoyl-chitosan derivatives as enhancers for ferrous ions nano-delivery using Caco-2 cell model. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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N-Acetylcysteine Nanocarriers Protect against Oxidative Stress in a Cellular Model of Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070600. [PMID: 32660079 PMCID: PMC7402157 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key mediator in the development and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). The antioxidant n-acetylcysteine (NAC) has generated interest as a disease-modifying therapy for PD but is limited due to poor bioavailability, a short half-life, and limited access to the brain. The aim of this study was to formulate and utilise mitochondria-targeted nanocarriers for delivery of NAC alone and in combination with the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO), and assess their ability to protect against oxidative stress in a cellular rotenone PD model. Pluronic F68 (P68) and dequalinium (DQA) nanocarriers were prepared by a modified thin-film hydration method. An MTT assay assessed cell viability and iron status was measured using a ferrozine assay and ferritin immunoassay. For oxidative stress, a modified cellular antioxidant activity assay and the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances assay and mitochondrial hydroxyl assay were utilised. Overall, this study demonstrates, for the first time, successful formulation of NAC and NAC + DFO into P68 + DQA nanocarriers for neuronal delivery. The results indicate that NAC and NAC + DFO nanocarriers have the potential characteristics to access the brain and that 1000 μM P68 + DQA NAC exhibited the strongest ability to protect against reduced cell viability (p = 0.0001), increased iron (p = 0.0033) and oxidative stress (p ≤ 0.0003). These NAC nanocarriers therefore demonstrate significant potential to be transitioned for further preclinical testing for PD.
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14
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Fabrication of Biopolymer Based Nanoparticles for the Entrapment of Chromium and Iron Supplements. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8060707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to encapsulate iron and chromium into novel nanoparticles formulated using chitosan (CS), dextran sulfate (DS) and whey protein isolate (WPI) for oral drug delivery. Empty and loaded CS-DS nanoparticles were prepared via complex coacervation whilst whey protein nanocarriers were produced by a modified thermal processing method using chitosan. The physiochemical properties of the particles were characterized to determine the effects of formulation variables, including biopolymer ratio on particle size and zeta potential. Permeability studies were also undertaken on the most stable whey protein–iron nanoparticles by measuring Caco-2 ferritin formation. A particle size analysis revealed that the majority of samples were sub-micron sized, ranging from 420–2400 nm for CS-DS particles and 220–1000 nm for WPI-CS samples. As expected, a higher chitosan concentration conferred a 17% more positive zeta potential on chromium-entrapped WPI nanoparticles, whilst a higher dextran volume decreased the size of CS-DS nanoparticles by 32%. The addition of iron also caused a significant increase in size for all samples, as seen where the loaded WPI samples were 296 nm larger than the empty particles. Caco-2 iron absorption revealed that one formulation, which had the lowest particle size (226 ± 10 nm), caused a 64% greater iron absorption compared to the ferrous sulfate standard. This study describes, for the first time, the novel design of chromium- and iron-entrapped nanoparticles, which could act as novel systems for oral drug delivery.
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15
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Mursaleen L, Somavarapu S, Zariwala MG. Deferoxamine and Curcumin Loaded Nanocarriers Protect Against Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 10:99-111. [DOI: 10.3233/jpd-191754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Mursaleen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
- The Cure Parkinson’s Trust, London, UK
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16
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Maciel VB, Yoshida CM, Boesch C, Goycoolea FM, Carvalho RA. Iron-rich chitosan-pectin colloidal microparticles laden with ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Miller) extract. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Jaber N, Aiedeh K. Sorption behavior and release kinetics of iron (II) ions by oleoyl chitosan polymeric nanoparticles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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18
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Kapil U, Kapil R, Gupta A. National Iron Plus Initiative: Current status & future strategy. Indian J Med Res 2019; 150:239-247. [PMID: 31719294 PMCID: PMC6886130 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1782_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaemia is a severe public health problem amongst all vulnerable age groups in India. The National Nutritional Anaemia Prophylaxis Programme initiated in 1970, was revised and expanded to include beneficiaries from all age groups namely children aged 6-59 months, 5-10 yr, adolescents aged 10-19 yr, pregnant and lactating women and women in reproductive age group under the National Iron Plus Initiative (NIPI) programme in 2011. The dose of iron, frequency and duration of iron supplementation and roles and responsibilities of the functionaries were described. At present, the coverage of beneficiaries with iron and folic acid has been poor at the national level. The prevalence of anaemia has continued to remain high during the last 60 years, and there has been no significant change in the scenario due to various reasons. The constraints in implementation and measures to improve the NIPI programme are discussed in the current article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Kapil
- Department of Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Radhika Kapil
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, India
| | - Aakriti Gupta
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Lady Irwin College, New Delhi, India
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19
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Chaparro CM, Suchdev PS. Anemia epidemiology, pathophysiology, and etiology in low- and middle-income countries. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1450:15-31. [PMID: 31008520 PMCID: PMC6697587 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anemia affects a third of the world's population and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality, decreased work productivity, and impaired neurological development. Understanding anemia's varied and complex etiology is crucial for developing effective interventions that address the context-specific causes of anemia and for monitoring anemia control programs. We outline definitions and classifications of anemia, describe the biological mechanisms through which anemia develops, and review the variety of conditions that contribute to anemia development. We emphasize the risk factors most prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, including nutritional deficiencies, infection/inflammation, and genetic hemoglobin disorders. Recent work has furthered our understanding of anemia's complex etiology, including the proportion of anemia caused by iron deficiency (ID) and the role of inflammation and infection. Accumulating evidence indicates that the proportion of anemia due to ID differs by population group, geographical setting, infectious disease burden, and the prevalence of other anemia causes. Further research is needed to explore the role of additional nutritional deficiencies, the contribution of infectious and chronic disease, as well as the importance of genetic hemoglobin disorders in certain populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parminder S. Suchdev
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Nutrition Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Cheng C, Huang DC, Zhao LY, Cao CJ, Chen GT. Preparation and in vitro absorption studies of a novel polysaccharide‑iron (III) complex from Flammulina velutipes. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:801-810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Takasawa K, Takaeda C, Wada T, Ueda N. Optimal Serum Ferritin Levels for Iron Deficiency Anemia during Oral Iron Therapy (OIT) in Japanese Hemodialysis Patients with Minor Inflammation and Benefit of Intravenous Iron Therapy for OIT-Nonresponders. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040428. [PMID: 29596361 PMCID: PMC5946213 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We determined optimal serum ferritin for oral iron therapy (OIT) in hemodialysis (HD) patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA)/minor inflammation, and benefit of intravenous iron therapy (IIT) for OIT-nonresponders. Methods: Inclusion criteria were IDA (Hb <120 g/L, serum ferritin <227.4 pmol/L). Exclusion criteria were inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 5 mg/L), bleeding, or cancer. IIT was withheld >3 months before the study. ΔHb ≥ 20 g/L above baseline or maintaining target Hb (tHB; 120-130 g/L) was considered responsive. Fifty-one patients received OIT (ferrous fumarate, 50 mg/day) for 3 months; this continued in OIT-responders but was switched to IIT (saccharated ferric oxide, 40 mg/week) in OIT-nonresponders for 4 months. All received continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA). Hb, ferritin, hepcidin-25, and CERA dose were measured. Results: Demographics before OIT were similar between OIT-responders and OIT-nonresponders except low Hb and high triglycerides in OIT-nonresponders. Thirty-nine were OIT-responders with reduced CERA dose. Hb rose with a peak at 5 months. Ferritin and hepcidin-25 continuously increased. Hb positively correlated with ferritin in OIT-responders (r = 0.913, p = 0.03) till 5 months after OIT. The correlation equation estimated optimal ferritin of 30-40 ng/mL using tHb (120-130 g/L). Seven OIT-nonresponders were IIT-responders. Conclusions: Optimal serum ferritin for OIT is 67.4-89.9 pmol/L in HD patients with IDA/minor inflammation. IIT may be a second line of treatment for OIT-nonreponders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Takasawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Ishikawa 9248588, Japan.
| | - Chikako Takaeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Ishikawa 9248588, Japan.
| | - Takashi Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Kanazawa University; Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9208641, Japan.
| | - Norishi Ueda
- Department of Pediatrics, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, Ishikawa 9248588, Japan.
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Kouchak M, Ramezani Z, Bagheri F. Preparation and Evaluation of Taste Masking Iron Suspension: Taking Advantage of Weak Cationic Exchange Resin. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:719-729. [PMID: 28971358 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to use weak acid cation exchange resin to mask the taste and eliminate the teeth staining problems of ferrous sulfate liquid preparations for use in pediatrics. Amberlite IPR64 was loaded by Fe(II). Then, different suspensions of the iron-resin complex were prepared using various polymers as the suspending agents, and sorbitol as well as sucrose as sweeteners. Physical stability, rheological assessment, kinetics of Fe(II) release, and taste evaluation of suspensions were studied. The results implied that the prepared iron suspension was more stable when xanthan gum is used as the suspending agent. It was also shown that iron release in 0.7% NaCl (similar to saliva) was very negligible compared to relatively quick release in acidic medium (resembled the stomach). Overall, the volunteers confirmed that the formulations were successful in iron taste masking. The pH-dependent process of ion exchange by weak cationic resins opens an attractive approach to access a taste-masked iron suspension for infants.
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Kim HJ, Bae SH, Kim HJ, Kim KM, Song JH, Go MR, Yu J, Oh JM, Choi SJ. Cytotoxicity, Intestinal Transport, and Bioavailability of Dispersible Iron and Zinc Supplements. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:749. [PMID: 28503169 PMCID: PMC5408065 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron or zinc deficiency is one of the most important nutritional disorders which causes health problem. However, food fortification with minerals often induces unacceptable organoleptic changes during preparation process and storage, has low bioavailability and solubility, and is expensive. Nanotechnology surface modification to obtain novel characteristics can be a useful tool to overcome these problems. In this study, the efficacy and potential toxicity of dispersible Fe or Zn supplement coated in dextrin and glycerides (SunActive FeTM and SunActive ZnTM) were evaluated in terms of cytotoxicity, intestinal transport, and bioavailability, as compared with each counterpart without coating, ferric pyrophosphate (FePP) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs), respectively. The results demonstrate that the cytotoxicity of FePP was not significantly affected by surface modification (SunActive FeTM), while SunActive ZnTM was more cytotoxic than ZnO-NPs. Cellular uptake and intestinal transport efficiency of SunActive FeTM were significantly higher than those of its counterpart material, which was in good agreement with enhanced oral absorption efficacy after a single-dose oral administration to rats. These results seem to be related to dissolution, particle dispersibility, and coating stability of materials depending on suspending media. Both SunActiveTM products and their counterpart materials were determined to be primarily transported by microfold (M) cells through the intestinal epithelium. It was, therefore, concluded that surface modification of food fortification will be a useful strategy to enhance oral absorption efficiency at safe levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jin Kim
- Division of Applied Food System, Major of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Song-Hwa Bae
- Division of Applied Food System, Major of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoung-Jun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Medical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei UniversityWonju, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Min Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Medical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei UniversityWonju, South Korea
| | - Jae Ho Song
- Department of Chemistry and Medical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei UniversityWonju, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ran Go
- Division of Applied Food System, Major of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Yu
- Division of Applied Food System, Major of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Min Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Medical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei UniversityWonju, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Choi
- Division of Applied Food System, Major of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's UniversitySeoul, South Korea
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Iron bioavailability from commercially available iron supplements. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:1345-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zariwala MG, Farnaud S, Merchant Z, Somavarapu S, Renshaw D. Ascorbyl palmitate/DSPE-PEG nanocarriers for oral iron delivery: preparation, characterisation and in vitro evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 115:86-92. [PMID: 24333557 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to encapsulate iron in nanocarriers formulated with ascorbyl palmitate and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine polyethylene glycol (DSPE-PEG) for oral delivery. Blank and iron (Fe) loaded nanocarriers were prepared by a modified thin film method using ascorbyl palmitate and DSPE-PEG. Surface charge of the nanocarriers was modified by the inclusion of chitosan (CHI) during the formulation process. Blank and iron loaded ascorbyl palmitate/DSPE nanocarriers were visualised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and physiochemical characterisations of the nanocarriers carried out to determine the mean particle size and zeta potential. Inclusion of chitosan imparted a net positive charge on the nanocarrier surface and also led to an increase in mean particle size. Iron entrapment in ascorbyl palmitate-Fe and ascorbyl palmitate-CHI-Fe nanocarriers was 67% and 76% respectively, suggesting a beneficial effect of chitosan on nanocarrier Fe entrapment. Iron absorption was estimated by measuring Caco-2 cell ferritin formation using ferrous sulphate as a reference standard. Iron absorption from ascorbyl palmitate-Fe (592.17±21.12 ng/mg cell protein) and ascorbyl palmitate-CHI-Fe (800.12±47.6 ng/mg, cell protein) nanocarriers was 1.35-fold and 1.5-fold higher than that from free ferrous sulphate, respectively (505.74±23.73 ng/mg cell protein) (n=6, p<0.05). This study demonstrates for the first time preparation and characterisation of iron loaded ascorbyl palmitate/DSPE PEG nanocarriers, and that engineering of the nanocarriers with chitosan leads to a significant augmentation of iron absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gulrez Zariwala
- Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, United Kingdom.
| | - Sebastien Farnaud
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, Bedfordshire LU1 3JU, United Kingdom
| | - Zahra Merchant
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Satyanarayana Somavarapu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Renshaw
- Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, United Kingdom
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Zariwala M, Elsaid N, Jackson TL, Corral López F, Farnaud S, Somavarapu S, Renshaw D. A novel approach to oral iron delivery using ferrous sulphate loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2013; 456:400-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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