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Tripolino C, Ciaffi J, Pucino V, Ruscitti P, van Leeuwen N, Borghi C, Giacomelli R, Meliconi R, Ursini F. Insulin Signaling in Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:672519. [PMID: 33995414 PMCID: PMC8119635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis is burdened by an increased risk of metabolic disorders. Cytokines and other mediators in inflammatory diseases lead to insulin resistance, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Accumulating evidence in the field of immunometabolism suggests that the cause-effect relationship between arthritis and metabolic abnormalities might be bidirectional. Indeed, the immune response can be modulated by various factors such as environmental agents, bacterial products and hormones. Insulin is produced by pancreatic cells and regulates glucose, fat metabolism and cell growth. The action of insulin is mediated through the insulin receptor (IR), localized on the cellular membrane of hepatocytes, myocytes and adipocytes but also on the surface of T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. In murine models, the absence of IR in T-cells coincided with reduced cytokine production, proliferation, and migration. In macrophages, defective insulin signaling resulted in enhanced glycolysis affecting the responses to pathogens. In this review, we focalize on the bidirectional cause-effect relationship between impaired insulin signaling and arthritis analyzing how insulin signaling may be involved in the aberrant immune response implicated in arthritis and how inflammatory mediators affect insulin signaling. Finally, the effect of glucose-lowering agents on arthritis was summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Tripolino
- Geriatric Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Functional Area, "San Giovanni di Dio" Hospital, Crotone, Italy
| | - Jacopo Ciaffi
- Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Pucino
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham and Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Piero Ruscitti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Nina van Leeuwen
- Rheumatology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Unità Operativa Medicina Interna Cardiovascolare-IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rome "Campus Biomedico", Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Meliconi
- Geriatric Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Functional Area, "San Giovanni di Dio" Hospital, Crotone, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Ursini
- Geriatric Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Functional Area, "San Giovanni di Dio" Hospital, Crotone, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Adedapo AA, Osaretin ER, Falayi OO, Oyagbemi AA, Ogunpolu BS, Omobowale TO, Oguntibeju OO, Yakubu MA. Ramipril blunts glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rats through its antiapoptosis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and renin-inhibiting properties. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:225-235. [PMID: 33155993 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a malady with a sudden onset resulting in buildup of waste matters in the body, but a specific cure hasn't been found as a lasting solution to AKI. In this study, ramipril was evaluated for its potential therapy in glycerol-induced AKI in rats. METHODS Twenty animals were divided into four groups of five animals each. Group I was the control while group II was given glycerol on day 8 only, groups III and IV were administered with pioglitazone (reference drug) and ramipril for seven days respectively and on day 8 received glycerol. On the ninth day, blood and tissue samples were taken to assay for serum indicators of oxidative damage, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, and creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Animals were sacrificed thereafter; kidney was harvested for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Expressions of caspase 3, renin receptor, NK-KB, and KIM-1 were carried out. RESULTS Ramipril significantly inhibited indicators of oxidative damage while also significantly increasing levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant markers. These drugs also significantly lowered the levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Histology also indicated that while there were massive infiltration of leucocytes and congestion of the kidney in toxicant group, the ramipril-treated group showed a milder condition. In immunohistochemistry, the two drugs significantly inhibited the expressions of the four proteins, which were highly expressed in the toxicant group. CONCLUSIONS The study showed that ramipril and pioglitazone have nephroprotective effect and thus have the ability to blunt AKI through their anti-inflammatory, antiapoptosis, antirenin, and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ehizogie Ruth Osaretin
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Momoh Audu Yakubu
- Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
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Yavuz F, Kilic S, Kaplan M, Yıldırım A, Kucukosmanoglu M, Dogdus M. Impact of Atherogenic Indexes in Saphenous Vein Graft Stenosis. Arq Bras Cardiol 2020; 115:538-544. [PMID: 33027378 PMCID: PMC9363077 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20190683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamento Os enxertos de veias safenas (EVS) são frequentemente usados em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (CRM). Objetivos Avaliar as relações entre índices aterogênicos e estenose de EVS. Métodos: No total, 534 pacientes (27,7% mulheres, com idade média de 65±8,4 anos) submetidos a CRM e angiografia coronariana eletiva foram incluídos no estudo. Pacientes com pelo menos uma estenose EVS ≥50% foram alocados ao grupo estenose EVS (+) (n=259) e pacientes sem estenose foram classificados como EVS (-) (n=275). O índice aterogênico plasmático (IAP) e o coeficiente aterogênico (CA) foram calculados a partir dos parâmetros lipídicos de rotina dos pacientes. A significância foi estabelecida no nível p<0,05. Resultados O número de pacientes com histórico de hipertensão (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), acidente vascular cerebral e insuficiência cardíaca (IC) se mostrou significativamente maior no grupo EVS (+) do que no grupo EVS (-). O colesterol total, triglicerídeos e colesterol LDL mostraram-se significativamente mais altos e o colesterol HDL mostrou-se menor no grupo EVS (+) do que no grupo EVS (-). IAP (p<0,001) e CA (p<0,001) apresentaram-se significativamente mais altos no grupo EVS (+) do que no grupo EVS (-). A análise ROC mostra que tanto o IAP quanto o CA mostraram-se melhores que o colesterol HDL, colesterol LDL e colesterol não HDL na predição de estenose de EVS. Na análise multivariada, histórico de DM, HT, acidente vascular cerebral, IC, número de enxertos de safena, colesterol HDL, colesterol LDL, colesterol não HDL, IAP e CA foram fatores de risco independentes para estenose de EVS. Conclusão O IAP e o CA foram preditores independentes de estenose de EVS. Além disso, tanto o IAP quanto o CA têm melhor desempenho na predição de estenose de EVS do que o colesterol LDL, colesterol HDL e colesterol não HDL. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(3):538-544)
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Affiliation(s)
- Fethi Yavuz
- Health Sciences University, Adana Research and Training Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana - Turquia
| | - Salih Kilic
- Health Sciences University, Adana Research and Training Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana - Turquia
| | - Mehmet Kaplan
- Health Sciences University, Adana Research and Training Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana - Turquia
| | - Arafat Yıldırım
- Health Sciences University, Adana Research and Training Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana - Turquia
| | - Mehmet Kucukosmanoglu
- Health Sciences University, Adana Research and Training Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana - Turquia
| | - Mustafa Dogdus
- Uşak University Research and Training Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Uşak - Turquia
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Tentolouris A, Eleftheriadou I, Tzeravini E, Tsilingiris D, Paschou SA, Siasos G, Tentolouris N. Endothelium as a Therapeutic Target in Diabetes Mellitus: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Practice. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1089-1131. [PMID: 30663560 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190119154152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endothelium plays an essential role in human homeostasis by regulating arterial blood pressure, distributing nutrients and hormones as well as providing a smooth surface that modulates coagulation, fibrinolysis and inflammation. Endothelial dysfunction is present in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and contributes to the development and progression of macrovascular disease, while it is also associated with most of the microvascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia are the main factors involved in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction. Regarding antidiabetic medication, metformin, gliclazide, pioglitazone, exenatide and dapagliflozin exert a beneficial effect on Endothelial Function (EF); glimepiride and glibenclamide, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and liraglutide have a neutral effect, while studies examining the effect of insulin analogues, empagliflozin and canagliflozin on EF are limited. In terms of lipid-lowering medication, statins improve EF in subjects with DM, while data from short-term trials suggest that fenofibrate improves EF; ezetimibe also improves EF but further studies are required in people with DM. The effect of acetylsalicylic acid on EF is dose-dependent and lower doses improve EF while higher ones do not. Clopidogrel improves EF, but more studies in subjects with DM are required. Furthermore, angiotensin- converting-enzyme inhibitors /angiotensin II receptor blockers improve EF. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors improve EF locally in the corpus cavernosum. Finally, cilostazol exerts favorable effect on EF, nevertheless, more data in people with DM are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Eleftheriadou
- Diabetes Center, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Tzeravini
- Diabetes Center, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- Diabetes Center, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula A Paschou
- Diabetes Center, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Soliman E, Behairy SF, El-maraghy NN, Elshazly SM. PPAR-γ agonist, pioglitazone, reduced oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress associated with L-NAME-induced hypertension in rats. Life Sci 2019; 239:117047. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Buie JJ, Watson LS, Smith CJ, Sims-Robinson C. Obesity-related cognitive impairment: The role of endothelial dysfunction. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104580. [PMID: 31454547 PMCID: PMC6834913 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic associated with macro- and microvascular endothelial dysfunction. Microvascular endothelial dysfunction has recently emerged as a significant risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment. In this review, we present evidence from clinical and preclinical studies supporting a role for obesity in cognitive impairment. Next, we discuss how obesity-related hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and gut dysbiosis lead to cognitive impairment through induction of endothelial dysfunction and disruption of the blood brain barrier. Finally, we outline the potential clinical utility of dietary interventions, exercise, and bariatric surgery in circumventing the impacts of obesity on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Jones Buie
- WISSDOM Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Luke S Watson
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Crystal J Smith
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Catrina Sims-Robinson
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Radenković M, Stojanović M, Prostran M. Calcium Channel Blockers in Restoration of Endothelial Function: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5579-5595. [PMID: 30009701 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180713144806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical evaluation of the Endothelial Function (EF) is becoming an essential step in the quality assessment of cardiovascular risk prevention and rational pharmacotherapy of cardiovascular disorders. The existing pieces of evidence suggested that Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB) can induce positive effects on impaired EF. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of CCB on EF, we performed a meta-analysis of available data from randomized and placebo-controlled or other treatment-controlled clinical studies encompassing effects of CCB on EF, as measured by Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery. METHODS The relevant clinical studies were searched by systematic exploration of the appropriate databases until November 30, 2017. A random-effect model was conducted. The primary outcome was the percentage change in FMD between the baseline and the final levels in response to investigated drugs. RESULTS Fifteen randomized clinical studies with 33 arms were identified. CCB improved FMD more pronounced than thiazide diuretics - TD (3 studies, 157 participants, WMD=2.08%, 95% CI=0.35-3.80%; P=0.02). Oppositely, ACE Inhibitors (ACEI) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) notably improved FMD if compared to CCB (CCB vs. ACEI: 5 studies, 533 participants, WMD = -1.62%, 95% CI = -2.74% to -0.50%; P=0.005; and CCB vs. ARB: 9 studies, 669 participants, WMD = -1.52%, 95% CI = -2.22% to -0.81%; P=0.0001). CCB effects on EF were similar to those evoked by beta blockers or placebo. CONCLUSION CCB improved EF to a more prominent extent only if paralleled to TD, while inversely; ACEI and ARB were more effective in augmenting FMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Radenković
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Stojanović
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Prostran
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Pioglitazone attenuates kidney injury in an experimental model of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13689. [PMID: 31548602 PMCID: PMC6757036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gentamicin, belonging to the aminoglycosides, possesses the greatest nephrotoxic effect of all other antibiotics from this group. On the other hand, pioglitazone, which represents peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist recently showed antiinflamatory, antioxidative effects, amelioration of endothelial dysfunction etc. Therefore, the goal of our study was to investigate the effects of pioglitazone on kidney injury in an experimental model of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. These effects were observed by following values of biochemical (serum urea and creatinine) parametars, total histological kidney score, urine level of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as well as parametars of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, total oxidant status, total antioxidant status, oxidative stress index and advanced oxidation protein products). It seems that pioglitazone protects the injured rat kidney in a U-shaped manner. Medium dose of pioglitazone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was protective regarding biochemical (serum urea and creatinine), total histological score and the values of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) (P < 0.05 vs. control group, i.e. rats injected with gentamicin only). This finding could be of great importance for the wider use of aminoglycosides, with therapy that would reduce the occurrence of serious adverse effects, such as nephrotoxicity and acute renal failure.
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Gao J, Liu Y, Li YM. Review of risk factors, treatment, and prevention of saphenous vein graft disease after coronary artery bypass grafting. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:4907-4919. [PMID: 30178686 PMCID: PMC6300967 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518792445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Saphenous vein graft disease (SVGD) is a type of vascular disease that may develop after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). SVGD seriously affects the short-term and long-term effects of CABG and increases the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events. It is very important to identify patients at greatest risk and carry out prevention and treatment measures to determine the risk factors for SVGD. Many factors contribute to SVGD when the vein is grafted into an arterial environment, such as surgery-related factors, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and others. In this review, we discuss the risk factors for SVGD, current surgical and pharmacologic therapies with which to manage SVGD, and the prevention of SVGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- 1 Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Dongli District, Tianjin, P. R. China.,2 Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Jinnan District, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yin Liu
- 3 Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Jinnan District, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ming Li
- 1 Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Dongli District, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Silva-Abreu M, Espinoza LC, Halbaut L, Espina M, García ML, Calpena AC. Comparative Study of Ex Vivo Transmucosal Permeation of Pioglitazone Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E316. [PMID: 30966351 PMCID: PMC6414928 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pioglitazone has been reported in the literature to have a substantial role in the improvement of overall cognition in a mouse model. With this in mind, the aim of this study was to determine the most efficacious route for the administration of Pioglitazone nanoparticles (PGZ-NPs) in order to promote drug delivery to the brain for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. PGZ-loaded NPs were developed by the solvent displacement method. Parameters such as mean size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficacy, rheological behavior, and short-term stability were evaluated. Ex vivo permeation studies were then carried out using buccal, sublingual, nasal, and intestinal mucosa. PGZ-NPs with a size around of 160 nm showed high permeability in all mucosae. However, the permeation and prediction parameters revealed that lag-time and vehicle/tissue partition coefficient of nasal mucosa were significantly lower than other studied mucosae, while the diffusion coefficient and theoretical steady-state plasma concentration of the drug were higher, providing biopharmaceutical results that reveal more favorable PGZ permeation through the nasal mucosa. The results suggest that nasal mucosa represents an attractive and non-invasive pathway for PGZ-NPs administration to the brain since the drug permeation was demonstrated to be more favorable in this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle Silva-Abreu
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lupe Carolina Espinoza
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador.
| | - Lyda Halbaut
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marta Espina
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ana Cristina Calpena
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Mousleh R, Al Laham S, Al-Manadili A. The Preventive Role of Pioglitazone in Glycerol-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rats during Two Different Treatment Periods. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 43:184-194. [PMID: 29749987 PMCID: PMC5936850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury is the most life-threatening complication of rhabdomyolysis. Glycerol is commonly used to induce this injury. The aim was to investigate the renoprotective effects of pioglitazone and the possible advantage of administering the drug for a longer period. METHODS Twenty-four male Albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6/group): (A) control, (B) glycerol (50%, 10 mL/kg intramuscularly), (C) glycerol+pioglitazone (10 mg/kg orally for 3 days), and (D) glycerol+pioglitazone (for 6 days). Serum urea and creatinine levels were measured to assess the renal function. Reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and histological alterations were also measured. Statistical analysis was performed using Prism (version 6). The numerical data were evaluated by ANOVA, followed by the Tukey tests. The categorical data were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney test and the Fisher exact tests. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS In the glycerol-injected rats, the serum urea and creatinine levels were increased (P<0.001), while the GSH levels were decreased (P<0.001) compared to Group A. The nephrotoxicity showed significant tubular (P=0.01) and glomerular (P=0.02) injuries. In the pioglitazone-treated rats, the changes in the serum biomarkers and in the GSH levels were reversed in Group C (P=0.01) and in Group D (P=0.01). The microscopic examinations of the kidneys also showed some improvement. No obvious statistically significant difference was found between these 2 preventive groups in most studied features. CONCLUSION These results indicate that pioglitazone might have nephroprotective effects in this injury model. Pioglitazone succeeded in producing this effect within 3 days. Doubling the drug administration period did not produce any significant superior benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Mousleh
- Departmentof Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Shaza Al Laham
- Departmentof Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ahmad Al-Manadili
- Departmentof Oral Histopathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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12
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Human Skin Permeation Studies with PPARγ Agonist to Improve Its Permeability and Efficacy in Inflammatory Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122548. [PMID: 29182532 PMCID: PMC5751151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosacea is the most common inflammatory skin disease. It is characterized by erythema, inflammatory papules and pustules, visible blood vessels, and telangiectasia. The current treatment has limitations and unsatisfactory results. Pioglitazone (PGZ) is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), a nuclear receptor that regulates important cellular functions, including inflammatory responses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the permeation of PGZ with a selection of penetration enhancers and to analyze its effectiveness for treating rosacea. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was validated for the quantitative determination of PGZ. Ex vivo permeation experiments were realized in Franz diffusion cells using human skin, in which PGZ with different penetration enhancers were assayed. The results showed that the limonene was the most effective penetration enhancer that promotes the permeation of PGZ through the skin. The cytotoxicity studies and the Draize test detected cell viability and the absence of skin irritation, respectively. The determination of the skin color using a skin colorimetric probe and the results of histopathological studies confirmed the ability of PGZ-limonene to reduce erythema and vasodilation. This study suggests new pharmacological indications of PGZ and its possible application in the treatment of skin diseases, namely rosacea.
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Schwartz SS, Epstein S, Corkey BE, Grant SFA, Gavin Iii JR, Aguilar RB, Herman ME. A Unified Pathophysiological Construct of Diabetes and its Complications. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017. [PMID: 28629897 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Advances in understanding diabetes mellitus (DM) through basic and clinical research have helped clarify and reunify a disease state fragmented into numerous etiologies and subtypes. It is now understood that a common pathophysiology drives the diabetic state throughout its natural history and across its varied clinical presentations, a pathophysiology involving metabolic insults, oxidative damage, and vicious cycles that aggravate and intensify organ dysfunction and damage. This new understanding of the disease requires that we revisit existing diagnostics and treatment approaches, which were built upon outmoded assumptions. 'The Common Pathophysiologic Origins of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications Construct' is presented as a more accurate, foundational, and translatable construct of DM that helps make sense of the hitherto ambiguous findings of long-term outcome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley S Schwartz
- Main Line Health System, Wynnewood, PA, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Solomon Epstein
- Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara E Corkey
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Division of Human Genetics and Center for Applied Genomics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Divisions of Human Genetics and Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Mary E Herman
- Montclair State University, Upper Montclair, NJ, USA; Social Alchemy Ltd., Building Global Research Competency, Lynchburg, VA, USA
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Radenkovic M, Stojanović M, Nešić IM, Prostran M. Angiotensin receptor blockers & endothelial dysfunction: Possible correlation & therapeutic implications. Indian J Med Res 2017; 144:154-168. [PMID: 27934794 PMCID: PMC5206866 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.195022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium is one of the most important constituents of vascular homeostasis, which is achieved through continual and balanced production of different relaxing and contractile factors. When there is a pathological disturbance in release of these products, endothelial dysfunction (ED) will probably occur. ED is considered to be the initial step in the development of atherosclerosis. This pathological activation and inadequate functioning of endothelial cells was shown to be to some extent a reversible process, which all together resulted in increased interest in investigation of different beneficial treatment options. To this point, the pharmacological approach, including for example, the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or statins, was clearly shown to be effective in the improvement of ED. One of many critical issues underlying ED represents instability in the balance between nitric oxide and angiotensin II (Ang II) production. Considering that Ang II was confirmed to be important for the development of ED, the aim of this review article was to summarize the findings of up to date clinical studies associated with therapeutic application of angiotensin receptor blockers and improvement in ED. In addition, it was of interest to review the pleiotropic actions of angiotensin receptor blockers linked to the improvement of ED. The prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo or active-controlled clinical trials were identified and selected for the final evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Radenkovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Stojanović
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Milićević Nešić
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Prostran
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Kunasegaran T, Mustafa MR, Achike FI, Murugan DD. Quercetin and pioglitazone synergistically reverse endothelial dysfunction in isolated aorta from fructose-streptozotocin (F-STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 799:160-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP. Pioglitazone in patients with insulin resistance after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: A comment on the IRIS trial. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:1-3. [PMID: 28340963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free Hospital campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London NW3 2QG, UK.
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Rizos CV, Kei A, Elisaf MS. The current role of thiazolidinediones in diabetes management. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:1861-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1737-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Suppression of connective tissue growth factor mediates the renoprotective effect of Sitagliptin rather than Pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Life Sci 2016; 153:180-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Stojanović M, Prostran M, Radenković M. Thiazolidinediones improve flow-mediated dilation: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 72:385-98. [PMID: 26690770 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-015-1999-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Thiazolidinediones administration is assumed to be related with an improvement of endothelial dysfunction (ED); nevertheless, previous studies have been inconsistent. For this reason, the present meta-analysis was directed to estimate if thiazolidinediones were related to endothelial dysfunction improvement by using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) measurement. METHODS Literature search of the PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, and the Scopus databases was performed covering the period until July 01, 2015, for randomized clinical trials that investigated an influence of thiazolidinediones on FMD. For the calculation of the pooled overall effect, a random effect model was used. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of study characteristics on the effect of thiazolidinediones administration on FMD. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 16 studies with 812 subjects. The obtained results demonstrated an improvement of endothelial dysfunction measured with FMD (16 studies, 812 subjects; WMD: 2.4 %, 95 % CI = 1.1 to 3.69 %; p = 0.0003). The significant heterogeneity was noted (I (2) = 95 %, p < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that pioglitazone and rosiglitazone were able to improve FMD. Also, thiazolidinediones improved FMD if treatment was longer than 12 weeks and if patients were younger than 65 years. Additionally, a lipid profile was found to influence thiazolidinediones effect on FMD. CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis demonstrated that thiazolidinediones were able to improve FMD, which in clinical terms can be further translated to the improvement of an impaired endothelial function. Nevertheless, the link between FMD and its predictive clinical relevance still requires further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Stojanović
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, PO Box 38, Belgrade, 11129, Serbia
| | - Milica Prostran
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, PO Box 38, Belgrade, 11129, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Radenković
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, PO Box 38, Belgrade, 11129, Serbia.
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