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Culpepper T. The Effects of Kefir and Kefir Components on Immune and Metabolic Physiology in Pre-Clinical Studies: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e27768. [PMID: 36106262 PMCID: PMC9450431 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kefir, a fermented beverage made from kefir grains, has gained immense popularity around the world due to its potential health-promoting properties. Kefir beverages are both marketed commercially and brewed privately by individuals. Both milk and sugar solutions can be used as substrates with various additives included based on consumer preference. Fermentation occurs via microorganisms including lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, and yeasts, which are naturally present in kefir grains. Health-promoting effects of kefir are thought to occur through immune, gastrointestinal, and metabolic regulation. Both clinical trials and mechanistic studies in cell culture and animal models have explored these effects. Studies in vitro and in animals have shown the ability of kefir and kefir components to antagonize pathogens, reduce proinflammatory cytokine production, contribute to cytotoxicity of tumor cell lines and reduce tumor burden, and improve serum glycemic and lipid profiles. However, some data from clinical trials are conflicting, and the precise mechanisms by which kefir promotes well-being are not completely defined. This review summarizes the current body of evidence in both cell culture and animal models that provide insight into the mechanisms by which kefir beverages may protect consumers from enteric infections and improve immune and metabolic health. We believe that readers will gain knowledge helpful for both developing more targeted mechanistic studies and selecting informative outcomes when designing clinical studies.
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Food-derived biopolymer kefiran composites, nanocomposites and nanofibers: Emerging alternatives to food packaging and potentials in nanomedicine. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Asadi S, Soleimani N, Babadi ZK, Ebrahimipour GH. Isolation and identification of the bacterium producing antitumor and antimicrobial compounds derived from Iranian swamp frog (Rana ridibunda) skin. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 13:372-380. [PMID: 34540176 PMCID: PMC8416579 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v13i3.6400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cancer incidence and recurrence, antibiotic resistance, and overuse of antibiotics have become a global concern. The purpose of this study was to identify and isolate bacteria from the skin of the Rana ridibunda, Iranian swamp frog, which has produced antimicrobial compounds, and investigate its cytotoxic activity on the breast (MCF7) and glioblastoma (U87) cancer cell line. Materials and Methods: An antibiotic-producing bacterium was isolated from the frog skin. The bacterium was identified based on 16S rDNA sequencing and biochemical and morphological characteristics. Antimicrobial activity of the culture supernatant was examined by disc diffusion and MIC methods. Cytoplasmic and cell wall extracts of bacteria were prepared by sonication. SDS-PAGE was then used to examine protein contents of them. The cancer cell lines were treated with cytoplasmic and cell wall extracts at different concentrations. The effects of cytotoxicity were assessed by MTT assay at 24 and 48 h intervals. Finally, the results were analyzed by SPSS. Results: The isolated bacterium was identified as a new strain of Bacillus atrophaeus. MIC and disc diffusion methods showed that the Bacillus atrophaeus antimicrobial activity was broad spectrum. MTT assay showed IC50 values 30 μg/ml and 20 μg/ml for U87 and MCF7 cells after 24–48 h exposure, respectively. Conclusion: The cytoplasmic extracts of Bacillus atrophaeus has anticancer potential and can be used as an alternative or complementary candidate in the treatment of cancer. Further in vivo and in vitro mechanistic studies are suggested to confirm the biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Asadi
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Soleimani
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Khosravi Babadi
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Hossein Ebrahimipour
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Ben Dhia O, Lasram MM, Harizi N, Doghri R, Charfi L, Souai N, Najjari A, Ouzari HI, Ben-Hadj-Khalifa S. Kefir milk alleviates benzene-induced immunotoxicity and hematotoxicity in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42230-42242. [PMID: 33797720 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The adverse health effects of benzene occupational and circumstance pollution exposure are an increasing concern. It leads to damage to various human tissues including bone marrow and ovarian tissues and many vital physiological processes. Previous studies showed that kefir is a rich probiotic, having protective effect, thanks to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory capacity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential efficacy of kefir to remediate benzene toxicity in rat. Thirty-two female rats were randomly allocated and administered orally with benzene and/or kefir during a period of 21 consecutive days. At the end of the experiment, hematological and bone marrow cell changes were estimated. The animals exposed to benzene exhibited anemia and a significant decrease in the levels of white blood cell. Moreover, benzene led to the activation of gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), a myelotoxicity in bone marrow cells. Our data showed that kefir treatment alleviated benzene-associated weight loss and increased the number of whole blood cells in peripheral blood and nucleated cells in the bone marrow. Furthermore, these physiological results were observed with animals showing high concentrations of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) determined from fecal samples, which are considered an indicator of kefir-associated microorganisms. Our study suggests that kefir is a potential nutritional supplement target to attenuate hematotoxicity induced by benzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Ben Dhia
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Montassar Lasram
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Bioressources Valorization, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nouha Harizi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raoudha Doghri
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Pathological Cytology, Salah Azaiez Institute, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Charfi
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Pathological Cytology, Salah Azaiez Institute, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nessrine Souai
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Afef Najjari
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hadda-Imene Ouzari
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Actives Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Ben-Hadj-Khalifa
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Bioressources Valorization, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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5
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Kefir characteristics and antibacterial properties - Potential applications in control of enteric bacterial infection. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Kefir and Its Biological Activities. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061210. [PMID: 34071977 PMCID: PMC8226494 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kefir is a fermented beverage with renowned probiotics that coexist in symbiotic association with other microorganisms in kefir grains. This beverage consumption is associated with a wide array of nutraceutical benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-hypercholesterolemic effects. Moreover, kefir can be adapted into different substrates which allow the production of new functional beverages to provide product diversification. Being safe and inexpensive, there is an immense global interest in kefir’s nutritional potential. Due to their promising benefits, kefir and kefir-like products have a great prospect for commercialization. This manuscript reviews the therapeutic aspects of kefir to date, and potential applications of kefir products in the health and food industries, along with the limitations. The literature reviewed here demonstrates that there is a growing demand for kefir as a functional food owing to a number of health-promoting properties.
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Anticancer Activity of Kefir on Glioblastoma Cancer Cell as a New Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2021; 2021:8180742. [PMID: 33506004 PMCID: PMC7815417 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8180742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Kefir drink is one of the most important probiotic products, which is made using kefir microorganisms in fermenting the milk. Numerous investigation have been accomplished in the field of the therapeutic property of probiotic products. In the present study, we assessed the cytotoxic effect of kefir on the rate of growth and increase of glioblastoma cancer cell as the most severe form of brain tumors. In this experimental study, we used a U87 cancer cell line (glioblastoma). The interaction between cancer cells and different concentrations of kefir drink and supernatants at 24 and 48 hours was considered. The cell cytotoxicity of kefir and sedimentation of cell lysate and extract of kefir was assessed using the MTT test after 24 and 48 hours. The result of the MTT test, treatment of the cells with the 48-hour fermented drink, demonstrated the most cell cytotoxicity in comparison with the control group. Results showed that the toxicity effect in all groups was dose-dependent, and by increasing the concentration, cell survival decreased noticeably. The results indicated that the supernatant of fermented kefir drink as a probiotic product has more toxicity and lethality effect on the glioblastoma cancer cell. This product can be utilized as a replacement or a complementary therapy of cancer.
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Sabatino MA, Carfì Pavia F, Rigogliuso S, Giacomazza D, Ghersi G, La Carrubba V, Dispenza C. Development of injectable and durable kefiran hydro-alcoholic gels. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:309-319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Farag MA, Jomaa SA, Abd El-Wahed A, R. El-Seedi H. The Many Faces of Kefir Fermented Dairy Products: Quality Characteristics, Flavour Chemistry, Nutritional Value, Health Benefits, and Safety. Nutrients 2020; 12:E346. [PMID: 32013044 PMCID: PMC7071183 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kefir is a dairy product that can be prepared from different milk types, such as goat, buffalo, sheep, camel, or cow via microbial fermentation (inoculating milk with kefir grains). As such, kefir contains various bacteria and yeasts which influence its chemical and sensory characteristics. A mixture of two kinds of milk promotes kefir sensory and rheological properties aside from improving its nutritional value. Additives such as inulin can also enrich kefir's health qualities and organoleptic characters. Several metabolic products are generated during kefir production and account for its distinct flavour and aroma: Lactic acid, ethanol, carbon dioxide, and aroma compounds such as acetoin and acetaldehyde. During the storage process, microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics of kefir can further undergo changes, some of which improve its shelf life. Kefir exhibits many health benefits owing to its antimicrobial, anticancer, gastrointestinal tract effects, gut microbiota modulation and anti-diabetic effects. The current review presents the state of the art relating to the role of probiotics, prebiotics, additives, and different manufacturing practices in the context of kefir's physicochemical, sensory, and chemical properties. A review of kefir's many nutritional and health benefits, underlying chemistry and limitations for usage is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., P.B., Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Suzan A. Jomaa
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Aida Abd El-Wahed
- Department of Bee Research, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza 12627, Egypt;
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Al-Rayan Research and Innovation Center, Al-Rayan Colleges, Medina 42541, Saudi Arabia
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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El Golli-Bennour E, Timoumi R, Annaibi E, Mokni M, Omezzine A, Bacha H, Abid-Essefi S. Protective effects of kefir against deltamethrin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18856-18865. [PMID: 31062243 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrine (DLM) is a synthetic pyrethroid with broad spectrum activities against acaricides and insects. Widely used for agricultural and veterinary purposes, its human and animal exposure occurs by ingestion of contaminated water and food and leads to serious health problems. Kefir is fermented milk with numerous health favors counting restorative properties of bacterial flora, immune system stimulation, cholesterol reduction, as well as anti-mutagenic and anti-tumor properties. The present study was undertaken to examine the hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential of kefir against DLM toxicity in male Wistar albino rats. DLM-treated animals revealed a significant increase in serum biochemical parameters as well as hepatic protein and lipid oxidations but caused an inhibition in antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, we have observed an increase in hepatocyte DNA damages. This toxic effect was confirmed by histological study. Kefir administration normalized the elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (T bilirubin), and cholesterol. It also reduced DLM-induced protein carbonyl (PC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) formations. Furthermore, Kefir treatment restored catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. The co-treatment as well as the pre-treatment by kefir showed an improvement of oxidative status as well as suppressed inflammation and DNA damages. However, the pre-treatment seems to be the most efficient. Therefore, it could be concluded that kefir is a natural product able to protect against the hepatotoxic effects of DLM by its free radical-scavenging and potent antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna El Golli-Bennour
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rue Avicenne, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rim Timoumi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rue Avicenne, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Emna Annaibi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rue Avicenne, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Mokni
- Department of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Asma Omezzine
- LR12SP11, Biochemistry Department, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Bacha
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rue Avicenne, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rue Avicenne, Monastir, Tunisia.
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11
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Grudzinski JJ, Hernandez R, Marsh I, Patel RB, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Engle J, Morris Z, Bednarz B, Weichert J. Preclinical Characterization of 86/90Y-NM600 in a Variety of Murine and Human Cancer Tumor Models. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1622-1628. [PMID: 30954941 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.224808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterize the in vivo biodistribution and tumor selectivity of 86Y-NM600, a theranostic alkylphosphocholine radiometal chelate with broad tumor selectivity, in a variety of preclinical cancer models. Methods: Mice bearing flank tumors (representative of lung, pancreatic, prostate, liver, skin, and lymphoid cancers) were injected intravenously with 9.25 MBq of 86Y-NM600 and imaged longitudinally over 4-5 d using small-animal PET/CT. Percentage injected activity per gram (%IA/g) for each volume of interest was measured at each time point for the organs of interest. Mice were euthanized after the final time point, and the tumor and organs of interest were counted with an automatic γ-counter. Absorbed doses delivered by 90Y-NM600 per injected activity (Gy/MBq) were estimated. Mice bearing B78 flank tumors were injected with a prescription of 90Y-NM600 that delivered 2.5 Gy of absorbed tumor dose and was compared with an equivalent absorbed dose delivered via external-beam radiotherapy using tumor volume as a measure of response. Histology and complete blood counts were analyzed in naïve C57BL/6 mice that were injected with 9.25 MBq of 90Y-NM600 at 5, 10, and 28 d after injection. Results: PET imaging showed consistent tumor accumulation and retention across all tumor models investigated, with little off-target retention of NM600 except in the liver, as is characteristic of hepatobiliary metabolism. The tumor uptake was highest in the pancreatic and lymphoid cancer models, reaching peak concentrations of 9.34 ± 2.66 %IA/g (n = 3) and 9.10 ± 0.13 %IA/g (n = 3), respectively, at approximately 40-48 h after injection. These corresponded to tumor dose estimates of 2.72 ± 0.33 Gy/MBq and 2.67 ± 0.32 Gy/MBq, respectively. In the toxicity study, there were no visible signs of acute toxicity by histology, and perturbation of hematologic parameters was transient when observed, returning to pretherapy levels after 28 d. Conclusion: NM600 is a theranostic agent with a unique ability to selectively target a variety of cancer types, presenting a unique opportunity for PET image-guided targeted radionuclide therapy and combination with immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Grudzinski
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Reinier Hernandez
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ian Marsh
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ravi B Patel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | | | - Jon Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Zachary Morris
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Bryan Bednarz
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Jamey Weichert
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
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Chapoval SP, Hritzo M, Qi X, Tamagnone L, Golding A, Keegan AD. Semaphorin 4A Stabilizes Human Regulatory T Cell Phenotype via Plexin B1. Immunohorizons 2019; 3:71-87. [PMID: 31236543 PMCID: PMC6590919 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1800026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that neuroimmune semaphorin (Sema) 4A regulates the severity of experimental allergic asthma and increases regulatory T (Treg) cell numbers in vivo; however, the mechanisms of Sema4A action remain unknown. It was also reported that Sema4A controls murine Treg cell function and survival acting through neuropilin 1 (NRP-1) receptor. To clarify Sema4A action on human T cells, we employed T cell lines (HuT78 and HuT102), human PBMCs, and CD4+ T cells in phenotypic and functional assays. We found that HuT78 demonstrated a T effector-like phenotype (CD4+CD25lowFoxp3-), whereas HuT102 expressed a Treg-like phenotype (CD4+CD25hi Foxp3+). Neither cell line expressed NRP-1. HuT102 cells expressed Sema4A counter receptor Plexin B1, whereas HuT78 cells were Sema4A+. All human peripheral blood CD4+ T cells, including Treg cells, expressed PlexinB1 and lacked both NRP-1 and -2. However, NRP-1 and Sema4A were detected on CD3negativeCD4intermediate human monocytes. Culture of HuT cells with soluble Sema4A led to an upregulation of CD25 and Foxp3 markers on HuT102 cells. Addition of Sema4A increased the relative numbers of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells in PBMCs and CD4+ T cells, which were NRP-1negative but PlexinB1+, suggesting the role of this receptor in Treg cell stability. The inclusion of anti-PlexinB1 blocking Ab in cultures before recombinant Sema4A addition significantly decreased Treg cell numbers as compared with cultures with recombinant Sema4A alone. Sema4A was as effective as TGF-β in inducible Treg cell induction from CD4+CD25depleted cells but did not enhance Treg cell suppressive activity in vitro. These results suggest strategies for the development of new Sema4A-based therapeutic measures to combat allergic inflammatory diseases. ImmunoHorizons, 2019, 3: 71-87.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana P Chapoval
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Program in Oncology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Molly Hritzo
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Xiulan Qi
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, Piedmont Foundation for Cancer Research, Institute of Hospitalization and Scientific Care, University of Torino Medical School, Turin, Italy 10060; and
| | - Amit Golding
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Achsah D Keegan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201;
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Program in Oncology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
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dos Reis SA, da Conceição LL, e Dias MM, Siqueira NP, Rosa DD, de Oliveira LL, da Matta SLP, Peluzio MDCG. Kefir reduces the incidence of pre-neoplastic lesions in an animal model for colorectal cancer. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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14
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El Golli-Bennour E, Timoumi R, Koroit M, Bacha H, Abid-Essefi S. Protective effects of kefir against zearalenone toxicity mediated by oxidative stress in cultured HCT-116 cells. Toxicon 2018; 157:25-34. [PMID: 30448289 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Kefir is a fermented milk with numerous health favors counting restorative properties of bacterial flora, reduction of the symptoms of lactose intolerance, immune system stimulation, cholesterol reduction, as well as anti-mutagenic and anti-tumor properties. Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin produced by some Fusarium species. ZEN often occurs as a contaminant in cereal grains and animal feeds. Human exposure occurs by ingestion of mycotoxin-contaminated products and can cause serious health problems. This study aimed to assess the preventive effect of kefir against ZEN toxicity in cultured HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma cells; by the evaluation of cell viability, oxidative stress status and the initiation of apoptotic cell death pathway. Our results demonstrated that ZEN inhibits cell proliferation which was accompanied by an increase in the generation of free radicals as measured by fluorescent 2,7-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) and Malondialdehyde (MDA). As an adaptive response to this redox status, we showed an induction of heat shock protein expression (Hsp 70) and an activation of antioxidant enzymes; catalase and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD). Moreover, a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δѱm) was observed. The co-treatment as well as the pre-treatment by kefir showed a reduction of ZEN induced damages for all tested markers. However, the pre-treatment seems to be the most efficient, it prevented almost all ZEN hazards. Consequently, oxidative damage appears to be a key determinant of ZEN induced toxicity in cultured HCT-116 cells. In conclusion, we showed that kefir may better exert its virtue on preventive mode rather than on curative one. By this way, kefir as a beverage with highly antioxidant properties could be relevant particularly with the emergent demand for natural products which may counteract the detrimental effects of oxidative stress and therefore prevent multiple human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna El Golli-Bennour
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Rim Timoumi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Meriam Koroit
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Bacha
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Monastir, Tunisia
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15
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Bourrie BC, Cotter PD, Willing BP. Traditional kefir reduces weight gain and improves plasma and liver lipid profiles more successfully than a commercial equivalent in a mouse model of obesity. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Melo AFDP, Mendonça MCP, Rosa-Castro RDM. The protective effects of fermented kefir milk on azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt formation in mice colon. Tissue Cell 2018; 52:51-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kefir: a powerful probiotics with anticancer properties. Med Oncol 2017; 34:183. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-1044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Maciel FR, Punaro GR, Rodrigues AM, Bogsan CS, Rogero MM, Oliveira MN, Mouro MG, Higa EM. Immunomodulation and nitric oxide restoration by a probiotic and its activity in gut and peritoneal macrophages in diabetic rats. Clin Nutr 2016; 35:1066-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Bourrie BCT, Willing BP, Cotter PD. The Microbiota and Health Promoting Characteristics of the Fermented Beverage Kefir. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:647. [PMID: 27199969 PMCID: PMC4854945 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Kefir is a complex fermented dairy product created through the symbiotic fermentation of milk by lactic acid bacteria and yeasts contained within an exopolysaccharide and protein complex called a kefir grain. As with other fermented dairy products, kefir has been associated with a range of health benefits such as cholesterol metabolism and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, antimicrobial activity, tumor suppression, increased speed of wound healing, and modulation of the immune system including the alleviation of allergy and asthma. These reports have led to increased interest in kefir as a focus of research and as a potential probiotic-containing product. Here, we review those studies with a particular emphasis on the microbial composition and the health benefits of the product, as well as discussing the further development of kefir as an important probiotic product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C T Bourrie
- Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, Canada; Teagasc Food Research CentreFermoy, Ireland
| | - Benjamin P Willing
- Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research CentreFermoy, Ireland; APC Microbiome InstituteCork, Ireland
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Chen Z, Shi J, Yang X, Liu Y, Nan B, Wang Z. Isolation of exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria and yeasts from Tibetan kefir and characterisation of the exopolysaccharides. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhina Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Northwest A & F University; 28 Xinong Road Yangling Shaanxi Province 712100 China
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; Northwestern Polytechnical University; 127 Youyi Xilu Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710072 China
| | - Xijuan Yang
- Tibetan Plateau Laboratory of Agric-Product Processing; Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry; 253 Ningda Road Xining Qinghai Province 810016 China
| | - Yang Liu
- Educational Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China; Life Science College; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Bo Nan
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Northwest A & F University; 28 Xinong Road Yangling Shaanxi Province 712100 China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Educational Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China; Life Science College; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 China
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Prado MR, Blandón LM, Vandenberghe LPS, Rodrigues C, Castro GR, Thomaz-Soccol V, Soccol CR. Milk kefir: composition, microbial cultures, biological activities, and related products. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1177. [PMID: 26579086 PMCID: PMC4626640 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a strong focus on beneficial foods with probiotic microorganisms and functional organic substances. In this context, there is an increasing interest in the commercial use of kefir, since it can be marketed as a natural beverage that has health promoting bacteria. There are numerous commercially available kefir based-products. Kefir may act as a matrix in the effective delivery of probiotic microorganisms in different types of products. Also, the presence of kefir's exopolysaccharides, known as kefiran, which has biological activity, certainly adds value to products. Kefiran can also be used separately in other food products and as a coating film for various food and pharmaceutical products. This article aims to update the information about kefir and its microbiological composition, biological activity of the kefir's microflora and the importance of kefiran as a beneficial health substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R. Prado
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of ParanáCuritiba, Brazil
| | - Lina Marcela Blandón
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of ParanáCuritiba, Brazil
| | | | - Cristine Rodrigues
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of ParanáCuritiba, Brazil
| | - Guillermo R. Castro
- Nanobiomaterials Laboratory, Institute of Applied Biotechnology – School of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de la PlataLa Plata, Argentina
| | - Vanete Thomaz-Soccol
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of ParanáCuritiba, Brazil
| | - Carlos R. Soccol
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of ParanáCuritiba, Brazil
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Chemical and physical characteristics and antioxidant activities of the exopolysaccharide produced by Tibetan kefir grains during milk fermentation. Int Dairy J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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KHOURY NATHALIE, EL-HAYEK STEPHANY, TARRAS OMAYR, EL-SABBAN MARWAN, EL-SIBAI MIRVAT, RIZK SANDRA. Kefir exhibits anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on colon adenocarcinoma cells with no significant effects on cell migration and invasion. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2117-27. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Gao J, Gu F, Ruan H, Chen Q, He J, He G. Induction of apoptosis of gastric cancer cells SGC7901 in vitro by a cell-free fraction of Tibetan kefir. Int Dairy J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Gao J, Gu F, Abdella NH, Ruan H, He G. Investigation on Culturable Microflora in Tibetan Kefir Grains from Different Areas of China. J Food Sci 2012; 77:M425-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02805.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gao J, Gu F, Ruan H, Chen Q, He J, He G. Culture Conditions Optimization of Tibetan Kefir Grains by Response Surface Methodology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.04.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Maalouf K, Baydoun E, Rizk S. Kefir induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in HTLV-1-negative malignant T-lymphocytes. Cancer Manag Res 2011; 3:39-47. [PMID: 21448298 PMCID: PMC3064404 DOI: 10.2147/cmr.s15109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignancy that occurs in white blood cells. The overall cure rate in children is 85%, whereas it is only 40% in adults. Kefir is an important probiotic that contains many bioactive ingredients, which give it unique health benefits. It has been shown to control several cellular types of cancer. PURPOSE The present study investigates the effect of a cell-free fraction of kefir on CEM and Jurkat cells, which are human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1)-negative malignant T-lymphocytes. METHODS Cells were incubated with different kefir concentrations. The cytotoxicity of the compound was evaluated by determining the percentage viability of cells. The effect of all the noncytotoxic concentrations of kefir on the proliferation of CEM and Jurkat cells was then assessed. The levels of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α), transforming growth factor- beta1 (TGF-β1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and MMP-9 mRNA upon kefir treatment were then analyzed using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Finally, the growth inhibitory effects of kefir on cell-cycle progression/apoptosis were assessed by Cell Death Detection (ELISA) and flow cytometry. RESULTS The maximum cytotoxicity recorded after 48-hours treatment with 80 μg/μL kefir was only 42% and 39% in CEM and Jurkat cells, respectively. The percent reduction in proliferation was very significant, and was dose-, and time-dependent. In both cell lines, kefir exhibited its antiproliferative effect by downregulating TGF-α and upregulating TGF-β1 mRNA expression. Upon kefir treatment, a marked increase in cell-cycle distribution was noted in the preG(1) phase of CEM and Jurkat cells, indicating the proapoptotic effect of kefir, which was further confirmed by Cell Death Detection ELISA. However, kefir did not affect the mRNA expression of metalloproteinases needed for the invasion of leukemic cell lines. CONCLUSION In conclusion, kefir is effective in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of HTLV-1-negative malignant T-lymphocytes. Therefore, further in vivo investigation is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Maalouf
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elias Baydoun
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sandra Rizk
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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