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Sahakian L, Robinson AM, Sahakian L, Stavely R, Kelley MR, Nurgali K. APE1/Ref-1 as a Therapeutic Target for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1569. [PMID: 38002251 PMCID: PMC10669584 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The prevalence of IBD is increasing with approximately 4.9 million cases reported worldwide. Current therapies are limited due to the severity of side effects and long-term toxicity, therefore, the development of novel IBD treatments is necessitated. Recent findings support apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/reduction-oxidation factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) as a target in many pathological conditions, including inflammatory diseases, where APE1/Ref-1 regulation of crucial transcription factors impacts significant pathways. Thus, a potential target for a novel IBD therapy is the redox activity of the multifunctional protein APE1/Ref-1. This review elaborates on the status of conventional IBD treatments, the role of an APE1/Ref-1 in intestinal inflammation, and the potential of a small molecule inhibitor of APE1/Ref-1 redox activity to modulate inflammation, oxidative stress response, and enteric neuronal damage in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Sahakian
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia; (L.S.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Ainsley M. Robinson
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia; (L.S.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Linda Sahakian
- Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (L.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Rhian Stavely
- Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (L.S.); (R.S.)
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mark R. Kelley
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia; (L.S.); (A.M.R.)
- Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (L.S.); (R.S.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
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Hai Z, Jia Q. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 mRNA level in peripheral blood neutrophils is associated with asthma. INVESTIGACIÓN CLÍNICA 2022. [DOI: 10.54817/ic.v63n4a02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a multifunc-tional key protein. Recent studies suggest APE1 is closely associated with in-flammatory response, but its role in asthma remains unknown. We recruited 116 patients with asthma, including 50 with severe asthma (NSA) and 66 with non-severe asthma (SA), and 140 controls. Serum APE1 was detected using the ELISA method. APE1 mRNA in peripheral blood neutrophils and eosinophils were detected using real-time PCR assays. Compared to healthy controls, we observed significant elevations of serum APE1 mRNA levels in peripheral neu-trophils (~1.75 folds increase, p<0.05) and eosinophils (~2.2 folds increase, p<0.05) in patients with asthma. The peripheral blood neutrophil APE1 mRNA can distinguish asthmatic patients from healthy controls with the area under the curve (AUC) 0.893 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.847-0.938 (p < 0.001). Also the APE1 mRNA can identify severe asthma from non-severe asth-ma (AUC 0.759, 95% CI, 0.674-0.846; p < 0.001). However, The serum APE1 and eosinophil mRNA levels did not correlate with asthma incidence and sever-ity. Our finding confirms the association between APE1 and asthma and sug-gests that peripheral blood neutrophil APE1 mRNA may be used as a marker for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Hai
- Department of Respiration, Shidong Hospital of Yangpu District, No. 999, Shi Guang Rd, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qin Jia
- Department of Respiration, Shidong Hospital of Yangpu District, No. 999, Shi Guang Rd, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, China
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Systematic Review of Gossypol/AT-101 in Cancer Clinical Trials. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020144. [PMID: 35215257 PMCID: PMC8879263 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of gossypol and of its R-(−)-enantiomer (R-(−)-gossypol acetic acid, AT-101), has been evaluated for treatment of cancer as an independent agent and in combination with standard chemo-radiation-therapies, respectively. This review assesses the evidence for safety and clinical effectiveness of oral gossypol/AT-101 in treating various types of cancer. The databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov were examined. Phase I and II trials as well as single arm and randomized trials were included in this review. Results were screened to determine if they met inclusion criteria and then summarized using a narrative approach. A total of 17 trials involving 759 patients met the inclusion criteria. Overall, orally applied gossypol/AT-101 at low doses (30 mg daily or lower) was determined as well tolerable either as monotherapy or in combination with chemo-radiation. Adverse events should be strictly monitored and were successfully managed by dose-reduction or treating symptoms. There are four randomized trials, two performed in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, one in subjects with head and neck cancer, and one in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Thereby, standard chemotherapy (either docetaxel (two trials) or docetaxel plus cisplatin or docetaxel plus prednisone) was tested with and without AT-101. Within these trials, a potential benefit was observed in high-risk patients or in some patients with prolongation in progression-free survival or in overall survival. Strikingly, the most recent clinical trial combined low dose AT-101 with docetaxel, fluorouracil, and radiation, achieving complete responses in 11 of 13 patients with gastroesophageal carcinoma (median duration of 12 months) and a median progression-free survival of 52 months. The promising results shown in subsets of patients supports the need of further specification of AT-101 sensitive cancers as well as for the establishment of effective AT-101-based therapy. In addition, the lowest recommended dose of gossypol and its precise toxicity profile need to be confirmed in further studies. Randomized placebo-controlled trials should be performed to validate these data in large cohorts.
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Aloise DDA, Coura-Vital W, Carneiro M, Rodrigues MV, Toscano GADS, da Silva RB, Silva-Portela RDCB, Fontes-Dantas FL, Agnez-Lima LF, Vitor RWA, Andrade-Neto VFD. Association between ocular toxoplasmosis and APEX1 and MYD88 polymorphism. Acta Trop 2021; 221:106006. [PMID: 34118207 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is the most common form of posterior uveitis, and in some countries, it is the most frequent cause of visual impairment. Studies demonstrate that the polymorphism in genes involved with the immune response can be related both to the occurrence and to the recurrence of OT. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the association between OT and the polymorphism of the APEX1 (rs1130409) and MyD88 (rs7744) genes. The studied sample consisted of 48 volunteers with OT and 96 asymptomatic volunteers, but positive for anti - T. gondii IgG (control group). Blood collection was performed for serological analysis (ELISA) and DNA extraction. Genotyping of the polymorphism was performed using real-time PCR. To analyze the association between gene polymorphism and OT, logistic regression was performed. The results showed no association between the MYD88 gene polymorphism and the development of OT. However, a significant association was found between OT and APEX1 gene polymorphism, indicating that individuals expressing polymorphic (GG) or heterozygous (GT) alleles are more likely to develop the disease (P-value = 0.02 and 0.03 respectively). These results suggest that APEX1 (rs1130409) polymorphism is a risk factor for the occurrence of ocular toxoplasmosis in the studied population.
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Kuang C, Zhu Y, Guan Y, Xia J, Ouyang J, Liu G, Hao M, Liu J, Guo J, Zhang W, Feng X, Li X, Zhang J, Wu X, Xu H, Li G, Xie L, Fan S, Qiu L, Zhou W. COX2 confers bone marrow stromal cells to promoting TNFα/TNFR1β-mediated myeloma cell growth and adhesion. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:643-659. [PMID: 33646559 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have been implicated in multiple myeloma (MM) progression. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. Therefore, we aimed to explore key factors in BMSCs that contribute to MM development. METHODS RNA-sequencing was used to perform gene expression profiling in BMSCs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were performed to determine the concentrations of PGE2 and TNFα in sera and conditioned media (CM). Western blotting, qRT-PCR and IHC were used to examine the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) in BMSCs and to analyze the regulation of TNFα by COX2. Cell growth and adhesion assays were employed to explore the function of COX2 in vitro. A 5T33MMvt-KaLwRij mouse model was used to study the effects of COX2 inhibition in vivo. RESULTS COX2 was found to be upregulated in MM patient-derived BMSCs and to play a critical role in BMSC-induced MM cell proliferation and adhesion. Administration of PGE2 to CM derived from BMSCs promoted MM cell proliferation and adhesion. Conversely, inhibition of COX2 in BMSCs greatly compromised BMSC-induced MM cell proliferation and adhesion. PCR array-based analysis of inflammatory cytokines indicated that COX2 upregulates the expression of TNFα. Subsequent rescue assays showed that an anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody could antagonize COX2-mediated MM cell proliferation and adhesion. Administration of NS398, a specific COX2 inhibitor, inhibited in vivo tumor growth and improved the survival of 5TMM mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that COX2 contributes to BMSC-induced MM proliferation and adhesion by increasing the secretion of PGE2 and TNFα. Targeting COX2 in BMSCs may serve as a potential therapeutic approach of treating MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Kuang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yinghong Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yongjun Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jiliang Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jian Ouyang
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guizhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Mu Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jiabin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiangling Feng
- Xiang Ya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of hematology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Hang Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Guancheng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Lu Xie
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lugui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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Darden DB, Stortz JA, Hollen MK, Cox MC, Apple CG, Hawkins RB, Rincon JC, Lopez MC, Wang Z, Navarro E, Hagen JE, Parvataneni HK, Brusko MA, Kladde M, Bacher R, Brumback BA, Brakenridge SC, Baker HV, Cogle CR, Mohr AM, Efron PA. Identification of Unique mRNA and miRNA Expression Patterns in Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells After Trauma in Older Adults. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1289. [PMID: 32670283 PMCID: PMC7326804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults have significantly worse morbidity and mortality after severe trauma than younger cohorts. The competency of the innate immune response decreases with advancing age, especially after an inflammatory insult. Subsequent poor outcomes after trauma are caused in part by dysfunctional leukocytes derived from the host's hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Our objective was to analyze the bone marrow (BM) HSPC transcriptomic [mRNA and microRNA (miR)] responses to trauma in older and younger adults. BM was collected intraoperatively <9 days after initial injury from trauma patients with non-mild injury [ISS ≥ 9] or with shock (lactate ≥ 2, base deficit ≥ 5, MAP ≤ 65) who underwent operative fixation of a pelvic or long bone fracture. Samples were also analyzed based on age (<55 years and ≥55 years), ISS score and transfusion in the first 24 h, and compared to age/sex-matched controls from non-cancer elective hip replacement or purchased healthy younger adult human BM aspirates. mRNA and miR expression patterns were calculated from lineage-negative enriched HSPCs. 924 genes were differentially expressed in older trauma subjects vs. age/sex-matched controls, while 654 genes were differentially expressed in younger subjects vs. age/sex-matched control. Only 68 transcriptomic changes were shared between the two groups. Subsequent analysis revealed upregulation of transcriptomic pathways related to quantity, function, differentiation, and proliferation of HSPCs in only the younger cohort. miR expression differences were also identified, many of which were associated with cell cycle regulation. In summary, differences in the BM HSPC mRNA and miR expression were identified between older and younger adult trauma subjects. These differences in gene and miR expression were related to pathways involved in HSPC production and differentiation. These differences could potentially explain why older adult patients have a suboptimal hematopoietic response to trauma. Although immunomodulation of HSPCs may be a necessary consideration to promote host protective immunity after host injury, the age related differences further highlight that patients may require an age-defined medical approach with interventions that are specific to their transcriptomic and biologic response. Also, targeting the older adult miRs may be possible for interventions in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijoia B Darden
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Julie A Stortz
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - McKenzie K Hollen
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michael C Cox
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Camille G Apple
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Russell B Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jaimar C Rincon
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Maria-Cecilia Lopez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Zhongkai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Eduardo Navarro
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jennifer E Hagen
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Hari K Parvataneni
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Maigan A Brusko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michael Kladde
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rhonda Bacher
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Babette A Brumback
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Scott C Brakenridge
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Henry V Baker
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Christopher R Cogle
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
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A Dual Face of APE1 in the Maintenance of Genetic Stability in Monocytes: An Overview of the Current Status and Future Perspectives. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060643. [PMID: 32545201 PMCID: PMC7349382 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes, which play a crucial role in the immune system, are characterized by an enormous sensitivity to oxidative stress. As they lack four key proteins responsible for DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, they are especially prone to reactive oxygen species (ROS) exposure leading to oxidative DNA lesions and, consequently, ROS-driven apoptosis. Although such a phenomenon is of important biological significance in the regulation of monocyte/macrophage/dendritic cells’ balance, it also a challenge for monocytic mechanisms that have to provide and maintain genetic stability of its own DNA. Interestingly, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), which is one of the key proteins in two DDR mechanisms, base excision repair (BER) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways, operates in monocytic cells, although both BER and NHEJ are impaired in these cells. Thus, on the one hand, APE1 endonucleolytic activity leads to enhanced levels of both single- and double-strand DNA breaks (SSDs and DSBs, respectively) in monocytic DNA that remain unrepaired because of the impaired BER and NHEJ. On the other hand, there is some experimental evidence suggesting that APE1 is a crucial player in monocytic genome maintenance and stability through different molecular mechanisms, including induction of cytoprotective and antioxidant genes. Here, the dual face of APE1 is discussed.
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Liu Z, Liu H, Li Y, Shao Q, Chen J, Song J, Fu R. Multiple myeloma-derived exosomes inhibit osteoblastic differentiation and improve IL-6 secretion of BMSCs from multiple myeloma. J Investig Med 2019; 68:45-51. [PMID: 31784427 PMCID: PMC6996099 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2019-001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) play a critical role in multiple myeloma (MM) pathogenesis by cell contact, and secretion of cytokines, growth factors and extracellular vesicles. Exosomes are secreted by almost all cell types and are recently reported to mediate local cell-to-cell cross-talk by transferring messenger RNAs, LncRNAs, and proteins. Compelling studies have identified BMSC-derived exosomes induce proliferation, migration, survival, and drug resistance of MM cells. However, whether MM cell-derived exosome also plays a role in function in BMSC remains unclear. Here we investigated the effect of MM cell-derived exosomes on the interleukin (IL)-6 secretion and osteoblastic differentiation capability of BMSC from patients with MM. Furthermore we investigated the IL-6 secretion relative regulation protein APE1 and NF-kB and osteoblastic differentiation protein Runx2 (runt-related gene 2), Osterix and osteocalcin (OCN). Our results showed that MM cell-derived exosomes promoted IL-6 secretion and suppressed osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of BMSCs. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that MM cell-derived exosomes lead to an increase in APE1 and NF-kB and a reduction in Runx2, Osterix and OCN in BMSCs. Taken together, MM cell-derived exosomes induce the secretion of IL-6 and poor osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Liu
- Hematology department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Hematology department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanqi Li
- Hematology department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Shao
- Hematology department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Hematology department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Song
- Hematology department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Hematology department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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9
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Schulze F, Keperscha B, Appelhans D, Rösen-Wolff A. Immunomodulatory Effects of Dendritic Poly(ethyleneimine) Glycoarchitectures on Human Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells, and in Vitro Differentiated Macrophages for an Ideal Drug Delivery System in the Local Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2713-2725. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schulze
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bettina Keperscha
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Angela Rösen-Wolff
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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10
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Frossi B, Antoniali G, Yu K, Akhtar N, Kaplan MH, Kelley MR, Tell G, Pucillo CEM. Endonuclease and redox activities of human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 have distinctive and essential functions in IgA class switch recombination. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5198-5207. [PMID: 30705092 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The base excision repair (BER) pathway is an important DNA repair pathway and is essential for immune responses. In fact, it regulates both the antigen-stimulated somatic hypermutation (SHM) process and plays a central function in the process of class switch recombination (CSR). For both processes, a central role for apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) has been demonstrated. APE1 acts also as a master regulator of gene expression through its redox activity. APE1's redox activity stimulates the DNA-binding activity of several transcription factors, including NF-κB and a few others involved in inflammation and in immune responses. Therefore, it is possible that APE1 has a role in regulating the CSR through its function as a redox coactivator. The present study was undertaken to address this question. Using the CSR-competent mouse B-cell line CH12F3 and a combination of specific inhibitors of APE1's redox (APX3330) and repair (compound 3) activities, APE1-deficient or -reconstituted cell lines expressing redox-deficient or endonuclease-deficient proteins, and APX3330-treated mice, we determined the contributions of both endonuclease and redox functions of APE1 in CSR. We found that APE1's endonuclease activity is essential for IgA-class switch recombination. We provide evidence that the redox function of APE1 appears to play a role in regulating CSR through the interleukin-6 signaling pathway and in proper IgA expression. Our results shed light on APE1's redox function in the control of cancer growth through modulation of the IgA CSR process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Frossi
- From the Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia Antoniali
- the Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Kefei Yu
- the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, and
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Mark R Kelley
- the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Gianluca Tell
- the Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy,
| | - Carlo E M Pucillo
- From the Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy,
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11
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Zaky A, Bouali-Benazzouz R, Favereaux A, Tell G, Landry M. APE1/Ref-1 redox function contributes to inflammatory pain sensitization. Exp Neurol 2018; 307:1-11. [PMID: 29772245 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory pain is a complex and multifactorial disorder. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), also called Redox Factor-1 (Ref-1), is constitutively expressed in the central nervous system and regulates various cellular functions including oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated APE1 modulation and associated pain behavior changes in the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) model of inflammatory pain in rats. In addition we tested the anti-inflammatory effects of E3330, a selective inhibitor of APE1-redox activity, in CFA pain condition. We demonstrate that APE1 expression and subcellular distribution are significantly altered in rats at 4 days post CFA injection. We observed around 30% reduction in the overall APE1 mRNA and protein levels. Interestingly, our data point to an increased nuclear accumulation in the inflamed group as compared to the sham group. E3330 inhibitor injection in CFA rats normalized APE1 mRNA expression and changed its distribution toward cytosolic accumulation. Furthermore, intrathecal injection of E3330 decreased inflammation (i.e. reduced IL-6 expression) and alleviated pain, as assessed by measuring the paw withdrawal threshold with the von Frey test. In conclusion, our data indicate that changes in APE1 expression and sub-cellular distribution are implicated in inflammatory pain mechanisms mediated by APE1 redox functions. Further studies are required to elucidate the exact function of APE1 in inflammatory pain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Zaky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Moharram Bek, PO Box 21511, Egypt; Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, CNRS, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Rabia Bouali-Benazzouz
- Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, CNRS, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Alexandre Favereaux
- Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, CNRS, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy.
| | - Marc Landry
- Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, CNRS, Bordeaux, France.
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12
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Yin Z, Yang J, Ning R, Liu Y, Feng M, Gu C, Fei J, Li Y. Signal pathways, diseases, and functions associated with the miR-19a/92a cluster and the use of berberine to modulate the expression of this cluster in multiple myeloma cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22057. [PMID: 29687521 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine downregulated miR-19a/92a cluster expression in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. METHODS The cell viability of MM cells after berberine treatment was measured by CCK8 assay. qRT-PCR assay validated miR-19a/92a expression in multiple myeloma cells. TAM database analyzed miR-19a/92a-associated disease. miREnvironment database revealed that effects of environmental factors on the miR-19a/92a cluster. By targeting the seed region in the miRNA, the role of t-anti-miR-19a/92a cluster was evaluated by cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation. RESULTS Berberine inhibited the cell viability of MM cells and downregulated the expression of miR-19a/92a. Seven kinds of hematological malignancies are closely associated with miR-19a/92a expression. By targeting the seed region of the miRNA, t-anti-miR-19a/92a significantly inhibits multiple myeloma cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation. CONCLUSION Our findings may exhibit that miR-19a/92a cluster is a therapeutic target for MM and provide new mechanistic insight into the anti-MM effects of certain compounds in traditional Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, 601 Western Huangpu Avenue, 510632, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of drug development for small nucleic acid, Guangdong, China.,Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Antisense Biopharmaceutical technology co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Juhua Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, 601 Western Huangpu Avenue, 510632, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of drug development for small nucleic acid, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong Ning
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, 601 Western Huangpu Avenue, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maoxiao Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, 601 Western Huangpu Avenue, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmin Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, 601 Western Huangpu Avenue, 510632, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of drug development for small nucleic acid, Guangdong, China.,Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jia Fei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, 601 Western Huangpu Avenue, 510632, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of drug development for small nucleic acid, Guangdong, China.,Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yumin Li
- Antisense Biopharmaceutical technology co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China.,Medical Laboratory of Shen zhen Luohu People's Hospital
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13
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Wang W, Zhang Y, Chen R, Tian Z, Zhai Y, Janz S, Gu C, Yang Y. Chromosomal instability and acquired drug resistance in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78234-78244. [PMID: 29100463 PMCID: PMC5652852 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is an important hallmark of human cancer. CIN not only contributes to all stages of tumor development (initiation, promotion and progression) but also drives, in large measure, the acquisition of drug resistance by cancer cells. Although CIN is a cornerstone of the complex mutational architecture that underlies neoplastic cell development and tumor heterogeneity and has been tightly associated with treatment responses and survival of cancer patients, it may be one of the least understood features of the malignant phenotype in terms of genetic pathways and molecular mechanisms. Here we review new insights into the type of CIN seen in multiple myeloma (MM), a blood cancer of terminally differentiated, immunoglobulin-producing B-lymphocytes called plasma cells that remains incurable in the great majority of cases. We will consider bona fide myeloma CIN genes, methods for measuring CIN in myeloma cells, and novel approaches to CIN-targeted treatments of patients with myeloma. The new findings generate optimism that enhanced understanding of CIN will lead to the design and testing of new therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance in MM in the not-so-distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.,School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Ruini Chen
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhidan Tian
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Yongpin Zhai
- Department of Hematology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Siegfried Janz
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, 52242, USA
| | - Chunyan Gu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.,School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ye Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.,School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
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14
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The extracellular role of DNA damage repair protein APE1 in regulation of IL-6 expression. Cell Signal 2017; 39:18-31. [PMID: 28751279 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a pleiotropic nuclear protein with roles in DNA base excision repair pathway as well as in regulation of transcription. Recently, the presence of extracellular plasma APE1 was reported in endotoxemic rats. However, the biological significance and the extracellular function of APE1 remain unclear. In this study, we found that monocytes secrete APE1 upon inflammatory challenges. Challenging the monocytic cells with extracellular APE1 resulted in the increased expression and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Additionally, the extracellular APE1 treatment activated the transcription factor NF-κB, followed by its increased occupancy at the IL-6 promoter, resulting in the induction of IL-6 expression. APE1-induced IL-6 further served to elicit autocrine and paracrine cellular responses. Moreover, the extracellular IL-6 promoted the secretion of APE1, thus indicating a functional feedforward loop in this pathway. Furthermore, we show that APE1 is secreted through extracellular vesicles formation via endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent pathway. Together, our study demonstrates a novel role of extracellular APE1 in IL-6-dependent cellular responses.
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15
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Abstract
Reduction-oxidation factor 1-apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Ref-1/APE1) is a critical node in tumor cells, both as a redox regulator of transcription factor activation and as part of the DNA damage response. As a redox signaling protein, Ref-1/APE1 enhances the transcriptional activity of STAT3, HIF-1α, nuclear factor kappa B, and other transcription factors to promote growth, migration, and survival in tumor cells as well as inflammation and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment. Ref-1/APE1 is activated in a variety of cancers, including prostate, colon, pancreatic, ovarian, lung and leukemias, leading to increased aggressiveness. Transcription factors downstream of Ref-1/APE1 are key contributors to many cancers, and Ref-1/APE1 redox signaling inhibition slows growth and progression in a number of tumor types. Ref-1/APE1 inhibition is also highly effective when paired with other drugs, including standard-of-care therapies and therapies targeting pathways affected by Ref-1/APE1 redox signaling. Additionally, Ref-1/APE1 plays a role in a variety of other indications, such as retinopathy, inflammation, and neuropathy. In this review, we discuss the functional consequences of activation of the Ref-1/APE1 node in cancer and other diseases, as well as potential therapies targeting Ref-1/APE1 and related pathways in relevant diseases. APX3330, a novel oral anticancer agent and the first drug to target Ref-1/APE1 for cancer is entering clinical trials and will be explored in various cancers and other diseases bringing bench discoveries to the clinic.
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16
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Bharti R, Dey G, Mandal M. Cancer development, chemoresistance, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and stem cells: A snapshot of IL-6 mediated involvement. Cancer Lett 2016; 375:51-61. [PMID: 26945971 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine present in tumor microenvironment. Elevated level of IL-6 is associated with cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis through fueling STAT3, MAPK and Akt signaling. It promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) through altered expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, snail, twist and E-cadherin leading to cancer metastasis. IL-6 boosts mammosphere formation, self-renewal of stem cells, stemness properties of cancer cells and recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells. IL-6 is also a contributing factor for multidrug resistance in cancer due to gp130/MAPK/STAT3 mediated activation of transcription factors C/EBPβ/δ, overexpression of p-glycoprotein, EMT transition and expansion of stem cells. The in-depth investigation of IL-6 mediated cellular effects and its signaling pathway can provide the new window for future research and clinical development of IL-6 targeted therapy in cancer. Thus, an overview is delivered in this review deciphering the emerging aspect of the predominant influence of IL-6 in malignant transformation, EMT, cancer-associated stem cells and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Bharti
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Goutam Dey
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
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17
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Suresh Kumar MA, Peluso M, Chaudhary P, Dhawan J, Beheshti A, Manickam K, Thapar U, Pena L, Natarajan M, Hlatky L, Demple B, Naidu M. Fractionated Radiation Exposure of Rat Spinal Cords Leads to Latent Neuro-Inflammation in Brain, Cognitive Deficits, and Alterations in Apurinic Endonuclease 1. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26208353 PMCID: PMC4514622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation causes degeneration of myelin, the insulating sheaths of neuronal axons, leading to neurological impairment. As radiation research on the central nervous system has predominantly focused on neurons, with few studies addressing the role of glial cells, we have focused our present research on identifying the latent effects of single/ fractionated -low dose of low/ high energy radiation on the role of base excision repair protein Apurinic Endonuclease-1, in the rat spinal cords oligodendrocyte progenitor cells’ differentiation. Apurinic endonuclease-1 is predominantly upregulated in response to oxidative stress by low- energy radiation, and previous studies show significant induction of Apurinic Endonuclease-1 in neurons and astrocytes. Our studies show for the first time, that fractionation of protons cause latent damage to spinal cord architecture while fractionation of HZE (28Si) induce increase in APE1 with single dose, which then decreased with fractionation. The oligodendrocyte progenitor cells differentiation was skewed with increase in immature oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, which likely cause the observed decrease in white matter, increased neuro-inflammation, together leading to the observed significant cognitive defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Suresh Kumar
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Peluso
- GeneSys Research Institute/ Center for Cancer Systems Biology at Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jasbeer Dhawan
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- GeneSys Research Institute/ Center for Cancer Systems Biology at Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Krishnan Manickam
- Department of Pathology, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Upasna Thapar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Louis Pena
- Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, United States of America
| | - Mohan Natarajan
- Department of Pathology, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lynn Hlatky
- GeneSys Research Institute/ Center for Cancer Systems Biology at Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bruce Demple
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Mamta Naidu
- GeneSys Research Institute/ Center for Cancer Systems Biology at Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Mukherjee B, Bindhani B, Saha H, Ray MR. Increased oxidative DNA damage and decreased expression of base excision repair proteins in airway epithelial cells of women who cook with biomass fuels. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:341-352. [PMID: 25128766 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate whether biomass burning causes oxidative DNA damage and alters the expression of DNA base excision repair (BER) proteins in airway cells, sputum samples were collected from 80 premenopausal rural biomass-users and 70 age-matched control women who cooked with liquefied petroleum gas. Compared with control the airway cells of biomass-users showed increased DNA damage in alkaline comet assay. Biomass-users showed higher percentage of cells expressing oxidative DNA damage marker 8-oxoguanine and lower percentages of BER proteins OGG1 and APE1 by immunocytochemical staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was doubled and level of superoxide dismutase was depleted significantly among biomass-users. The concentrations of particulate matters were higher in biomass-using households which positively correlated with ROS generation and negatively with BER proteins expressions. ROS generation was positively correlated with 8-oxoguanine and negatively with BER proteins suggesting cooking with biomass is a risk for genotoxicity among rural women in their child-bearing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Mukherjee
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, India
| | - Banani Bindhani
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, India
| | - Hirak Saha
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Ray
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, India.
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19
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Qian C, Li M, Sui J, Ren T, Li Z, Zhang L, Zhou L, Cheng Y, Wang D. Identification of a novel potential antitumor activity of gossypol as an APE1/Ref-1 inhibitor. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:485-96. [PMID: 24872679 PMCID: PMC4026309 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s62963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox enhancing factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1), an essential multifunctional protein involved in the repair of oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and transcriptional regulation, is often overexpressed in tumor tissues and cancer cells. Moreover, APE1/Ref-1 (APE1) overexpression has been linked to chemoresistance in human tumors. Thus, inhibiting APE1 function in cancer cells is considered a promising strategy to overcome resistance to therapeutic agents. Gossypol is a Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3)-mimetic agent and is able to bind to the BH3 domain of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family members. Other studies demonstrated that Bcl-2 directly interacted with APE1 via its BH domains. Using apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease assays, we found that gossypol inhibits the repair activity of APE1. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and dual luciferase assays showed that gossypol could also inhibit the redox function of APE1. Using dual polarization interferometry technology, we show that gossypol can directly interact with APE1. Furthermore, addition of gossypol, in conjunction with APE1 overexpression, leads to cancer cell death. The addition of gossypol also enhances the cell killing effect of the laboratory alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate and the clinical agent cisplatin (DDP). Administration of gossypol significantly inhibited the growth of xenografts. Furthermore, the combined treatment of gossypol and DDP resulted in a statistically higher antitumor activity compared with DDP alone in vivo. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that gossypol effectively inhibits the repair and redox activity of APE1 through a direct interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Qian
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangdong Sui
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ren
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Li
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Zhou
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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20
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1, also known as REF-1) was isolated based on its ability to cleave at AP sites in DNA or activate the DNA binding activity of certain transcription factors. We review herein topics related to this multi-functional DNA repair and stress-response protein. RECENT ADVANCES APE1 displays homology to Escherichia coli exonuclease III and is a member of the divalent metal-dependent α/β fold-containing phosphoesterase superfamily of enzymes. APE1 has acquired distinct active site and loop elements that dictate substrate selectivity, and a unique N-terminus which at minimum imparts nuclear targeting and interaction specificity. Additional activities ascribed to APE1 include 3'-5' exonuclease, 3'-repair diesterase, nucleotide incision repair, damaged or site-specific RNA cleavage, and multiple transcription regulatory roles. CRITICAL ISSUES APE1 is essential for mouse embryogenesis and contributes to cell viability in a genetic background-dependent manner. Haploinsufficient APE1(+/-) mice exhibit reduced survival, increased cancer formation, and cellular/tissue hyper-sensitivity to oxidative stress, supporting the notion that impaired APE1 function associates with disease susceptibility. Although abnormal APE1 expression/localization has been seen in cancer and neuropathologies, and impaired-function variants have been described, a causal link between an APE1 defect and human disease remains elusive. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Ongoing efforts aim at delineating the biological role(s) of the different APE1 activities, as well as the regulatory mechanisms for its intra-cellular distribution and participation in diverse molecular pathways. The determination of whether APE1 defects contribute to human disease, particularly pathologies that involve oxidative stress, and whether APE1 small-molecule regulators have clinical utility, is central to future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Li
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health , Baltimore, Maryland
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21
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Xie J, Zhang L, Li M, Du J, Zhou L, Yang S, Zeng L, Li Z, Wang G, Wang D. Functional analysis of the involvement of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 in the resistance to melphalan in multiple myeloma. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:11. [PMID: 24400589 PMCID: PMC3900260 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melphalan resistance has been considered one of the major obstacles to improve outcomes in multiple myeloma (MM) therapy; unfortunately, the mechanistic details of this resistance remain unclear. Melphalan is a highly effective alkylating agent which causes many types of DNA lesions, including DNA base alkylation damage that is repaired by base excision repair (BER). We postulated that human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), an essential BER enzyme, plays a vital role in acquired melphalan resistance. However, because APE1 is a multifunctional protein with redox activity and acetylation modification in addition to its major repair activity, the particular APE1 function that may play a more important role in melphalan resistance is unknown. Methods Two MM cell lines, RPMI-8226 and U266 were used to measure the difference in APE1 levels in melphalan-resistant and sensitive derivatives. APE1 functional mutants for DNA repair, redox and acetylation were employed to investigate the roles of individual APE1 activities in acquired melphalan resistance. Results Our results indicate that APE1 is overexpressed in both MM melphalan-resistant cells. Knocking down APE1 sensitizes the melphalan resistant MM cells to melphalan treatment. The exogenous expression of DNA repair mutant H309N and acetylation mutant K6R/K7R of APE1 failed to restore the melphalan resistance of the APE1 knockdown RPMI-8226 cells. The AP endonuclease activity and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) regulatory activity may play roles in the melphalan resistance of MM cells. Conclusions The present study has identified that the DNA repair functions and the acetylation modification of APE1 are involved in melphalan resistance of MM cells and has also shed light on future therapeutic strategies targeting specific APE1 functions by small molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Xie
- Cancer Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P,R China.
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22
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Asimakopoulos F, Kim J, Denu RA, Hope C, Jensen JL, Ollar SJ, Hebron E, Flanagan C, Callander N, Hematti P. Macrophages in multiple myeloma: emerging concepts and therapeutic implications. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 54:2112-21. [PMID: 23432691 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.778409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma, a clonal plasma cell malignancy, has long provided a prototypic model to study regulatory interactions between malignant cells and their microenvironment. Myeloma-associated macrophages have historically received limited scrutiny, but recent work points to central and non-redundant roles in myeloma niche homeostasis. The evidence supports a paradigm of complex, dynamic and often mutable interactions between macrophages and other cellular constituents of the niche. We and others have shown that macrophages support myeloma cell growth, viability and drug resistance through both contact-mediated and non-contact-mediated mechanisms. These tumor-beneficial roles have evolved in opposition to, or in parallel with, intrinsic pro-inflammatory and tumoricidal properties. Thus, simple blockade of protective "don't eat me" signals on the surface of myeloma cells leads to macrophage-mediated myeloma cell killing. Macrophages also enhance the tumor-supportive role of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) in the niche: importantly, this interaction is bidirectional, producing a distinct state of macrophage polarization that we termed "MSC-educated macrophages." The intriguing pattern of cross-talk between macrophages, MSCs and tumor cells highlights the myeloma niche as a dynamic multi-cellular structure. Targeted reprogramming of these interactions harbors significant untapped therapeutic potential, particularly in the setting of minimal residual disease, the main obstacle toward a cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotis Asimakopoulos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, WI , USA and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center , Madison, WI , USA
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23
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Hu HY, Li KP, Wang XJ, Liu Y, Lu ZG, Dong RH, Guo HB, Zhang MX. Set9, NF-κB, and microRNA-21 mediate berberine-induced apoptosis of human multiple myeloma cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:157-66. [PMID: 23247593 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the mechanisms by which berberine suppressed the proliferation of human multiple myeloma cells. METHODS Human U266 multiple myeloma cell line was tested. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, ultramicrostructure and secretion function were examined using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), flow cytometry (FCM), electron and fluorescence microscopy, as well as ELISA assay. The microRNAs (miRs) and transcription factors in U266 cells were detected using arrays and verified by qRT-PCR. EMSA and luciferase assays were used to verify the p65-dependent transactivation of miR-21 gene. RESULTS Treatment of U266 cells with berberine (40-160 μmol/L) suppressed cell proliferation and IL-6 secretion in dose- and time-dependent manners. Meanwhile, berberine dose-dependently induced ROS generation, G(2)/M phase arrest and apoptosis in U266 cells, and decreased the levels of miR-21 and Bcl-2. Overexpression of miR-21 counteracted berberine-induced suppression of cell proliferation and IL-6 secretion. In U266 cells treated with berberine (80 μmol/L), the activity of NF-κB was decreased by approximately 50%, followed by significant reduction of miR-21 level. berberine (80-160 μmol/L) increased the level of Set9 (lysine methyltransferase) by more than 2-fold, caused methylation of the RelA subunit, which inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation and miR-21 transcription. In U266 cells treated with berberine (80 μmol/L), knockdown of Set9 with siRNAs significantly increased NF-κB protein level accompanying with a partial recovery of proliferation. CONCLUSION In U266 cells, berberine suppresses NF-κB nuclear translocation via Set9-mediated lysine methylation, leads to decrease in the levels miR21 and Bcl-2, which induces ROS generation and apoptosis.
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Zorzetto V, Maddalo G, Basso D, Farinati F. Immunotherapy for gastric premalignant lesions and cancer. Immunotherapy 2012; 4:587-99. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.12.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Yuzhalin A. The role of interleukin DNA polymorphisms in gastric cancer. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:1128-36. [PMID: 21871937 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma is one of the most widespread malignancies worldwide. Interleukins are the key group of cytokines which may have tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing effect, and receptors for them, of course, have the same importance in this context. However, mechanisms of their impact on tumor are not fully understood up to date. Numerous studies provide conflicting data, that makes picture more confusing and complicated. It is known that single nucleotide polymorphisms in interleukin genes may dramatically affect on protein expression level, or alter its functions, which may lead to gastritis or ulcer, and eventually promote cancer occurrence. Furthermore, some of these genetic polymorphisms may serve as predictive factors for cancer prognosis and prevention. In order to understand the impact of each genetic polymorphism, the review of IL-1B, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL17A, IL-17F DNA polymorphisms on gastric carcinoma was done, and risk alleles were recommended for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseniy Yuzhalin
- Department of Genetics, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo 650000, Russian Federation.
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da Silva TA, Fontes FL, Coutinho LG, de Souza FRS, de Melo JTA, de Souto JT, Leib SL, Agnez-Lima LF. SNPs in DNA repair genes associated to meningitis and host immune response. Mutat Res 2011; 713:39-47. [PMID: 21651918 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In vitro and in animal models, APE1, OGG1, and PARP-1 have been proposed as being involved with inflammatory response. In this work, we have investigated if the SNPs APE1 Asn148Glu, OGG1 Ser326Cys, and PARP-1 Val762Ala are associated to meningitis. The patient genotypes were investigated by PIRA-PCR or PCR-RFLP. DNA damages were detected in genomic DNA by Fpg treatment. IgG and IgA were measured from plasma and the cytokines and chemokines were measured from cerebrospinal fluid samples using Bio-Plex assays. A higher frequency (P<0.05) of APE1 Glu allele in bacterial meningitis (BM) and aseptic meningitis (AM) patients was observed. The genotypes Asn/Asn in control group and Asn/Glu in BM group was also higher. For the SNP OGG1 Ser326Cys, the genotype Cys/Cys was more frequent (P<0.05) in BM group. The frequency of PARP-1 Val/Val genotype was higher in control group (P<0.05). The occurrence of combined SNPs is significantly higher in BM patients, indicating that these SNPs may be associated to the disease. Increasing in sensitive sites to Fpg was observed in carriers of APE1 Glu allele or OGG1 Cys allele, suggesting that SNPs affect DNA repair activity. Alterations in IgG production were observed in the presence of SNPs APE1 Asn148Glu, OGG1 Ser326Cys or PARP-1 Val762Ala. Moreover, reduction in the levels of IL-6, IL-1Ra, MCP-1/CCL2 and IL-8/CXCL8 was observed in the presence of APE1 Glu allele in BM patients. In conclusion, we obtained indications of an effect of SNPs in DNA repair genes on the regulation of immune response in meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayse Azevedo da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. Salgado Filho s/n, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
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