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Bilański P, Jankowiak R, Solheim H, Fortuna P, Chyrzyński Ł, Warzecha P, Taerum SJ. Soil-borne Ophiostomatales species (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) in beech, oak, pine, and spruce stands in Poland with descriptions of Sporothrixroztoczensis sp. nov., S.silvicola sp. nov., and S.tumida sp. nov. MycoKeys 2023; 97:41-69. [PMID: 37251288 PMCID: PMC10210257 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.97.97416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophiostomatales (Ascomycota) contains many species, most of which are associated with bark beetles. Some members of this order are plant or animal pathogens, while others colonize soil, different plant tissues, or even carpophores of some Basidiomycota. However, little is known about soil-inhabiting Ophiostomatales fungi. A survey of these fungi associated with soil under beech, oak, pine, and spruce stands in Poland yielded 623 isolates, representing 10 species: Heinzbutiniagrandicarpa, Leptographiumprocerum, L.radiaticola, Ophiostomapiliferum, O.quercus, Sporothrixbrunneoviolacea, S.dentifunda, S.eucastaneae, and two newly described taxa, namely Sporothrixroztoczensissp. nov. and S.silvicolasp. nov. In addition, isolates collected from fallen shoots of Pinussylvestris that were pruned by Tomicus sp. are described as Sporothrixtumidasp. nov. The new taxa were morphologically characterized and phylogenetically analyzed based on multi-loci sequence data (ITS, β-tubulin, calmodulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α genes). The Ophiostomatales species were especially abundant in soil under pine and oak stands. Leptographiumprocerum, S.silvicola, and S.roztoczensis were the most frequently isolated species from soil under pine stands, while S.brunneoviolacea was the most abundant in soil under oak stands. The results highlight that forest soil in Poland has a wide diversity of Ophiostomatales taxa, but further studies are required to uncover the molecular diversity and phylogenetic relationships of these fungi, as well as their roles in soil fungal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Bilański
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, PolandUniversity of Agriculture in KrakowKrakowPoland
| | - Robert Jankowiak
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, PolandUniversity of Agriculture in KrakowKrakowPoland
| | - Halvor Solheim
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, 1431, Ås, NorwayNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅsNorway
| | - Paweł Fortuna
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, PolandUniversity of Agriculture in KrakowKrakowPoland
| | - Łukasz Chyrzyński
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, PolandUniversity of Agriculture in KrakowKrakowPoland
| | - Paulina Warzecha
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, PolandUniversity of Agriculture in KrakowKrakowPoland
| | - Stephen Joshua Taerum
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, Jenkins-Waggoner Laboratory, 123 Huntington Street P.O. Box 1106, New Haven, CT 06504-1106, USAThe Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, Jenkins-Waggoner LaboratoryNew HavenUnited States of America
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Humicolopsis cephalosporioides synthesizes DHN-melanin in its chlamydospores. Mycol Prog 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-022-01853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Rodrigues AM, Gonçalves SS, de Carvalho JA, Borba-Santos LP, Rozental S, de Camargo ZP. Current Progress on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Sporotrichosis and Their Future Trends. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080776. [PMID: 35893145 PMCID: PMC9331723 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis, a human and animal disease caused by Sporothrix species, is the most important implantation mycosis worldwide. Sporothrix taxonomy has improved in recent years, allowing important advances in diagnosis, epidemiology, and treatment. Molecular epidemiology reveals that S. brasiliensis remains highly prevalent during the cat-transmitted sporotrichosis outbreaks in South America and that the spread of S. brasiliensis occurs through founder effects. Sporothrix globosa and S. schenckii are cosmopolitan on the move, causing major sapronoses in Asia and the Americas, respectively. In this emerging scenario, one-health approaches are required to develop a creative, effective, and sustainable response to tackle the spread of sporotrichosis. In the 21st century, it has become vital to speciate Sporothrix, and PCR is the main pillar of molecular diagnosis, aiming at the detection of the pathogen DNA from clinical samples through multiplex assays, whose sensitivity reaches remarkably three copies of the target. The treatment of sporotrichosis can be challenging, especially after the emergence of resistance to azoles and polyenes. Alternative drugs arising from discoveries or repositioning have entered the radar of basic research over the last decade and point to several molecules with antifungal potential, especially the hydrazone derivatives with great in vitro and in vivo activities. There are many promising developments for the near future, and in this review, we discuss how these trends can be applied to the Sporothrix-sporotrichosis system to mitigate the advance of an emerging and re-emerging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023062, Brazil; (J.A.d.C.); (Z.P.d.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023062, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-1155764551 (ext. 1540)
| | - Sarah Santos Gonçalves
- Infectious Diseases Postgraduate Program, Center for Research in Medical Mycology, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitoria 29043900, Brazil;
| | - Jamile Ambrósio de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023062, Brazil; (J.A.d.C.); (Z.P.d.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023062, Brazil
| | - Luana P. Borba-Santos
- Cell Biology and Parasitology Program, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941902, Brazil; (L.P.B.-S.); (S.R.)
| | - Sonia Rozental
- Cell Biology and Parasitology Program, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941902, Brazil; (L.P.B.-S.); (S.R.)
| | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023062, Brazil; (J.A.d.C.); (Z.P.d.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023062, Brazil
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de Carvalho J, Beale M, Hagen F, Fisher M, Kano R, Bonifaz A, Toriello C, Negroni R, Rego RDM, Gremião I, Pereira S, de Camargo Z, Rodrigues A. Trends in the molecular epidemiology and population genetics of emerging Sporothrix species. Stud Mycol 2021; 100:100129. [PMID: 35027980 PMCID: PMC8693333 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2021.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporothrix (Ophiostomatales) comprises species that are pathogenic to humans and other mammals as well as environmental fungi. Developments in molecular phylogeny have changed our perceptions about the epidemiology, host-association, and virulence of Sporothrix. The classical agent of sporotrichosis, Sporothrix schenckii, now comprises several species nested in a clinical clade with S. brasiliensis, S. globosa, and S. luriei. To gain a more precise view of outbreaks dynamics, structure, and origin of genetic variation within and among populations of Sporothrix, we applied three sets of discriminatory AFLP markers (#3 EcoRI-GA/MseI-TT, #5 EcoRI-GA/MseI-AG, and #6 EcoRI-TA/MseI-AA) and mating-type analysis to a large collection of human, animal and environmental isolates spanning the major endemic areas. A total of 451 polymorphic loci were amplified in vitro from 188 samples, and revealed high polymorphism information content (PIC = 0.1765-0.2253), marker index (MI = 0.0001-0.0002), effective multiplex ratio (E = 15.1720-23.5591), resolving power (Rp = 26.1075-40.2795), discriminating power (D = 0.9766-0.9879), expected heterozygosity (H = 0.1957-0.2588), and mean heterozygosity (Havp = 0.000007-0.000009), demonstrating the effectiveness of AFLP markers to speciate Sporothrix. Analysis using the program structure indicated three genetic clusters matching S. brasiliensis (population 1), S. schenckii (population 2), and S. globosa (population 3), with the presence of patterns of admixture amongst all populations. AMOVA revealed highly structured clusters (PhiPT = 0.458-0.484, P < 0.0001), with roughly equivalent genetic variability within (46-48 %) and between (52-54 %) populations. Heterothallism was the exclusive mating strategy, and the distributions of MAT1-1 or MAT1-2 idiomorphs were not significantly skewed (1:1 ratio) for S. schenckii (χ2 = 2.522; P = 0.1122), supporting random mating. In contrast, skewed distributions were found for S. globosa (χ2 = 9.529; P = 0.0020) with a predominance of MAT1-1 isolates, and regional differences were highlighted for S. brasiliensis with the overwhelming occurrence of MAT1-2 in Rio de Janeiro (χ2 = 14.222; P = 0.0002) and Pernambuco (χ2 = 7.364; P = 0.0067), in comparison to a higher prevalence of MAT1-1 in the Rio Grande do Sul (χ2 = 7.364; P = 0.0067). Epidemiological trends reveal the geographic expansion of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis due to S. brasiliensis via founder effect. These data support Rio de Janeiro as the centre of origin that has led to the spread of this disease to other regions in Brazil. Our ability to reconstruct the source, spread, and evolution of the ongoing outbreaks from molecular data provides high-quality information for decision-making aimed at mitigating the progression of the disease. Other uses include surveillance, rapid diagnosis, case connectivity, and guiding access to appropriate antifungal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.A. de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 04023062, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 04023062, Brazil
| | - M.A. Beale
- Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - F. Hagen
- Department of Medical Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - M.C. Fisher
- MRC Center for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - R. Kano
- Department of Veterinary Dermatology, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - A. Bonifaz
- Dermatology Service, Mycology Department, Hospital General de México, "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C. Toriello
- Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R. Negroni
- Mycology Unit of the Infectious Diseases Hospital F.J. Muñiz, Reference Center of Mycology of Buenos Aires City, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R.S. de M. Rego
- Mycology Division, Associate Pathologists of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - I.D.F. Gremião
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - S.A. Pereira
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Z.P. de Camargo
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 04023062, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 04023062, Brazil
| | - A.M. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 04023062, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 04023062, Brazil
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Ostafińska A, Jankowiak R, Bilański P, Solheim H, Wingfield MJ. Six new species of Sporothrix from hardwood trees in Poland. MycoKeys 2021; 82:1-32. [PMID: 34393590 PMCID: PMC8357686 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.82.66603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporothrix (Sordariales, Ascomycota) is a well-supported monophyletic lineage within the Ophiostomatales, species of which occur in a diverse range of habitats including on forest trees, in the soil, associated with bark beetles and mites as well as on the fruiting bodies of some Basidiomycota. Several species have also been reported as important human and animal pathogens. During surveys of insect- and wound-associated Ophiostomatales from hardwood trees in Poland, many isolates with affinity to Sporothrix were recovered. In the present study, six undescribed Sporothrix spp. collected during these surveys are characterized based on their morphological characteristics and multi-locus phylogenenetic inference. They are described as Sporothrixcavum, Sporothrixcracoviensis, S.cryptarchum, S.fraxini, S.resoviensis, and S.undulata. Two of the Sporothrix spp. reside in the S.gossypina-complex, while one forms part of the S.stenoceras-complex. One Sporothrix sp. is a member of lineage F, and two other species grouped outside any of the currently defined species complexes. All the newly described species were recovered from hardwood habitats in association with sub-cortical insects, wounds or woodpecker cavities. These species were morphologically similar, with predominantly asexual states having hyaline or lightly pigmented conidia, which produce holoblastically on denticulate conidiogenous cells. Five of the new taxa produce ascomata with necks terminating in long ostiolar hyphae and allantoid ascospores without sheaths. The results suggest that Sporothrix species are common members of the Ophiostomatales in hardwood ecosystems of Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ostafińska
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland University of Agriculture Krakow Poland.,State Forets, Forest District Dynów, ul. Jaklów 2, 36-065 Dynów, Poland State Forets, Forest District Dynów Dynów Poland
| | - Robert Jankowiak
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland University of Agriculture Krakow Poland
| | - Piotr Bilański
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland University of Agriculture Krakow Poland
| | - Halvor Solheim
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, 1431 Ås, Norway Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research Ås Norway
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
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Menolli N, Sánchez-García M. Brazilian fungal diversity represented by DNA markers generated over 20 years. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:729-749. [PMID: 31828716 PMCID: PMC7203393 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular techniques using fungal DNA barcoding (ITS) and other markers have been key to identifying the biodiversity of different geographic areas, mainly in megadiverse countries. Here, we provide an overview of the fungal diversity in Brazil based on DNA markers of phylogenetic importance generated since 1996. We retrieved fungal sequences of ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α, β-tubulin, rpb1, rpb2, actin, chitin synthase, and ATP6 from GenBank using different field keywords that indicated their origin in Brazil. A total of 19,440 sequences were recovered. ITS is the most representative marker (11,209 sequences), with 70.1% belonging to Ascomycota, 18.6% Basidiomycota, 10.2% unidentified, 1.1% Mucoromycota, two sequences of Olpidium bornovanus (Fungi incertae sedis), one sequence of Blastocladiomycota (Allomyces arbusculus), and one sequence of Chytridiomycota (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). Considering the sequences of all selected markers, only the phyla Cryptomycota and Entorrhizomycota were not represented. Based on ITS, using a cutoff of 98%, all sequences comprise 3047 OTUs, with the majority being Ascomycota (2088 OTUs) and Basidiomycota (681 OTUs). Previous numbers based mainly on morphological and bibliographical data revealed 5264 fungal species from Brazil, with a predominance of Basidiomycota (2741 spp.) and Ascomycota (1881 spp.). The unidentified ITS sequences not assigned to a higher taxonomic level represent 1.61% of all ITS sequences sampled and correspond to 38 unknown class-level lineages (75% cutoff). A maximum likelihood phylogeny based on LSU illustrates the fungal classes occurring in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Menolli
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza e Matemática (DCM), Subárea de Biologia (SAB), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), Câmpus São Paulo, Rua Pedro Vicente 625, São Paulo, SP, 01109-010, Brazil.
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-012, Brazil.
| | - Marisol Sánchez-García
- Biology Department, Clark University, Worcester, MA, 01610, USA
- Uppsala Biocentre, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, SE-75005, Sweden
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Rodrigues AM, Della Terra PP, Gremião ID, Pereira SA, Orofino-Costa R, de Camargo ZP. The threat of emerging and re-emerging pathogenic Sporothrix species. Mycopathologia 2020; 185:813-842. [PMID: 32052359 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a neglected subcutaneous mycosis of humans and animals acquired by traumatic inoculation of soil and plant material (classical route) contaminated with infectious propagules of the pathogen or being bitten/scratched by infected cats (alternative route). Within a genus composed of 53 species displaying an essentially environmental core, there are only a few members which have considerable impacts on human or animal health. Infections are typically caused by S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii or S. globosa. Rare mammal pathogens include members of the S. pallida and S. stenocereus complexes. To illustrate the tremendous impact of emerging zoonotic sporotrichosis on public health, we discuss the main features of the expanding epidemics driven by S. brasiliensis in cats and humans. The cat entry in the transmission chain of sporotrichosis, causing epizooties (cat-cat) or zoonosis (cat-human), has contributed to the definition of new paradigms in Sporothrix transmission, reaching epidemic levels, making the disease a serious public health problem. Indeed, S. brasiliensis infection in humans and animals is likely to become even more important in the future, with projections of its expansion in biogeographic domains and host range, as well as greater virulence in mammals. Therefore, lessons from a long-standing outbreak in the state of Rio de Janeiro about the source and distribution of the etiological agents among outbreak areas can be used to create better control and prevention plans and increase awareness of sporotrichosis as a serious emerging zoonotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Cell Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - Paula Portella Della Terra
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Cell Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Isabella Dib Gremião
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sandro Antonio Pereira
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosane Orofino-Costa
- Dermatology Department, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FCM-UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Cell Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil
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Musvuugwa T, de Beer ZW, Dreyer LL, Duong T, Marincowitz S, Oberlander KC, Roets F. New ophiostomatoid fungi from wounds on storm-damaged trees in Afromontane forests of the Cape Floristic Region. Mycol Prog 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-019-01545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Min Wang H, Wang Z, Liu F, Xu Wu C, Fang Zhang S, Kong XB, Decock C, Lu Q, Zhang Z. Differential patterns of ophiostomatoid fungal communities associated with three sympatric Tomicus species infesting pines in south-western China, with a description of four new species. MycoKeys 2019; 50:93-133. [PMID: 31043857 PMCID: PMC6477840 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.50.32653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bark beetles and their associated fungi, which cause forest decline and sometimes high mortality in large areas around the world, are of increasing concern in terms of forest health. Three Tomicus spp. (T.brevipilosus, T.minor and T.yunnanensis) infect branches and trunks of Pinusyunnanensis and P.kesiya in Yunnan Province, in south-western China. Tomicus spp. are well known as vectors of ophiostomatoid fungi and their co-occurrence could result in serious ecological and economic impact on local forest ecosystems. Nonetheless, knowledge about their diversity, ecology, including pathogenicity and potential economic importance is still quite rudimentary. Therefore, an extensive survey of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with these Tomicus species infesting P.yunnanensis and P.kesiya was carried out in Yunnan. Seven hundred and seventy-two strains of ophiostomatoid fungi were isolated from the adult beetles and their galleries. The strains were identified based on comparisons of multiple DNA sequences, including the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU) region, the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2, together with the intervening 5.8S gene (ITS) and the partial genes of β-tubulin (TUB2), elongation factor 1α (TEF1-α) and calmodulin (CAL). Phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum parsimony (MP) as well as maximum likelihood (ML). Combinations of culture features, morphological characters and temperature-dependent growth rates were also employed for species identification. Eleven species belonging to five genera were identified. These included six known species, Esteyavermicola, Leptographiumyunnanense, Ophiostomabrevipilosi, O.canum, O.minus and O.tingens and four novel taxa, described as Graphilbumanningense, O.aggregatum, Sporothrixpseudoabietina and S.macroconidia. A residual strain was left unidentified as Ophiostoma sp. 1. The overall ophiostomatoid community was by far dominated by three species, representing 87.3% of the total isolates; in decreasing order, these were O.canum, O.brevipilosi and O.minus. Furthermore, the ophiostomatoid community of each beetle, although harbouring a diversity of ophiostomatoid species, was differentially dominated by a single fungal species; Ophiostomacanum was preferentially associated with and dominated the ophiostomatoid community of T.minor, whereas O.brevipilosi and O.minus were exclusively associated with and dominated the ophiostomatoid communities of T.brevipilosus and T.yunnanensis, respectively. Eight additional species, representing the remaining 12.7% of the total isolates, were marginal or sporadic. These results suggested that sympatric Tomicus populations are dominated by distinct species showing some level of specificity or even exclusivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China
| | - Fu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China
| | - Cheng Xu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China
| | - Su Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China
| | - Xiang Bo Kong
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China
| | - Cony Decock
- Mycothèque de l'Université Catholique de Louvain (BCCM/MUCL), Earth and Life Institute, Microbiology, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Mycothèque de l'Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Quan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China
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Wang H, Lun Y, Lu Q, Liu H, Decock C, Zhang X. Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with pines infected by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Monochamus alternatus in China, including three new species. MycoKeys 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.38.27014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of the pine wood nematodeBursaphelenchusxylophilusleads to extremely serious economic, ecological and social losses in East Asia. The nematode causes pine wilt disease, which is currently regarded as the most important forest disease in China. The pathogenic nematode feeds on dendrocola fungi to complete its cycle of infection. As the vector of the nematode, the Japanese pine sawyer (Monochamusalternatus) also carries dendrocola fungi. Pine woods, infected byB.xylophilusand tunnelled byM.alternatus, are also inhabited by ophiostomatoid fungi. These fungi are well known for their association with many bark and ambrosia beetles. They can cause sapstain and other serious tree diseases. The aims of our study were to investigate and identify the ophiostomatoid communities associated with the epidemic pine wood nematode and the pine sawyer inPinusmassonianaandP.thunbergiiforests, which are the main hosts of the pine wood nematode in China. Two hundred and forty strains of ophiostomatoid fungi were isolated from nematode and sawyer–infected trees in the coastal Shandong and Zhejiang Provinces, representing newly and historically infected areas, respectively. Six ophiostomatoid species were identified on the basis of morphological, physiological and molecular data. For the latter, DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1–5.8S–ITS2) region and partial b-tubulin gene were examined. The ophiostomatoid species included one known species,Ophiostomaips, three novel species, viz.Ophiostomaalbumsp. nov.,Ophiostomamassonianasp. nov.andSporothrixzhejiangensissp. nov.and two species whose identities are still uncertain, Ophiostomacf.deltoideosporum and Graphilbumcf.rectangulosporium, due to the paucity of the materials obtained. The ophiostomatoid community was dominated byO.ips. This study revealed that a relatively high species diversity of ophiostomatoid fungi are associated with pine infected byB.xylophilusandM.alternatusin China.
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Wang H, Lun Y, Lu Q, Liu H, Decock C, Zhang X. Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with pines infected by Bursaphelenchusxylophilus and Monochamusalternatus in China, including three new species. MycoKeys 2018:1-27. [PMID: 30323707 PMCID: PMC6182259 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.39.27014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchusxylophilus leads to extremely serious economic, ecological and social losses in East Asia. The nematode causes pine wilt disease, which is currently regarded as the most important forest disease in China. The pathogenic nematode feeds on dendrocola fungi to complete its cycle of infection. As the vector of the nematode, the Japanese pine sawyer (Monochamusalternatus) also carries dendrocola fungi. Pine woods, infected by B.xylophilus and tunnelled by M.alternatus, are also inhabited by ophiostomatoid fungi. These fungi are well known for their association with many bark and ambrosia beetles. They can cause sapstain and other serious tree diseases. The aims of our study were to investigate and identify the ophiostomatoid communities associated with the epidemic pine wood nematode and the pine sawyer in Pinusmassoniana and P.thunbergii forests, which are the main hosts of the pine wood nematode in China. Two hundred and forty strains of ophiostomatoid fungi were isolated from nematode and sawyer-infected trees in the coastal Shandong and Zhejiang Provinces, representing newly and historically infected areas, respectively. Six ophiostomatoid species were identified on the basis of morphological, physiological and molecular data. For the latter, DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) region and partial b-tubulin gene were examined. The ophiostomatoid species included one known species, Ophiostomaips, three novel species, viz. Ophiostomaalbum sp. nov., Ophiostomamassoniana sp. nov. and Sporothrixzhejiangensis sp. nov. and two species whose identities are still uncertain, Ophiostomacf.deltoideosporum and Graphilbumcf.rectangulosporium, due to the paucity of the materials obtained. The ophiostomatoid community was dominated by O.ips. This study revealed that a relatively high species diversity of ophiostomatoid fungi are associated with pine infected by B.xylophilus and M.alternatus in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuiMin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - YingYing Lun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.,College of Plant Protection of Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.,Longju Ecological Forest Farm, Dongying 257085, China
| | - Quan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - HuiXiang Liu
- College of Plant Protection of Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Cony Decock
- Mycothèque de l'Université Catholique de Louvain (MUCL), Earth and Life Institute, Microbiology, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - XingYao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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Ecological Determinants of Sporotrichosis Etiological Agents. J Fungi (Basel) 2018; 4:jof4030095. [PMID: 30103554 PMCID: PMC6162718 DOI: 10.3390/jof4030095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological determinants of sporotrichosis etiological agents remain poorly understood. For this reason, we performed explorations using local climate estimates to determine the temperature and humidity ranges of the environment where clinically relevant Sporothrix species occur and to identify what plant species are associated with them, using data collected from the published literature. We performed a literature search to identify all publications on environmental isolations of medically relevant species of Sporothrix in the PubMed, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases. All those studies were included in the analysis where medically relevant species of Sporothrix have been isolated from soil samples, and described a specific geographical location that could be precisely georeferenced. We approximated temperature and humidity from local climate estimates, integrating geospatial data, temperature, and water vapor pressure from regions or provinces where medically relevant species of Sporothrix have been isolated from soil. Sporothrix spp. were more commonly isolated from soil of different regions or provinces of 16 countries. Most environmental isolates were identified as S. schenckii, whereas S. pallida, S. brasiliensis, S. globosa, and S. mexicana were rare. We estimate that medically relevant Sporothrix spp. grow in the soil at temperatures of 6.6 °C to 28.84 °C and 37.5% to 99.06% relative humidity. These findings indicate that sporotrichosis etiological agents grow in soil in ecological niches from soil with wide ranges of temperature and humidity, but they are also associated with a variety of plants, flowers, woody debris, reed leaves, corn stalks, leaves, and wood crumbs, potentially facilitating its establishment and proliferation in the environment.
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de Beer ZW, Duong TA, Wingfield MJ. The divorce of Sporothrix and Ophiostoma: solution to a problematic relationship. Stud Mycol 2016; 83:165-91. [PMID: 27616802 PMCID: PMC5007658 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the causal agents of human sporotrichosis, Sporothrix schenckii, is the type species of the genus Sporothrix. During the course of the last century the asexual morphs of many Ophiostoma spp. have also been treated in Sporothrix. More recently several DNA-based studies have suggested that species of Sporothrix and Ophiostoma converge in what has become known as Ophiostoma s. lat. Were the one fungus one name principles adopted in the Melbourne Code to be applied to Ophiostoma s. lat., Sporothrix would have priority over Ophiostoma, resulting in more than 100 new combinations. The consequence would be name changes for several economically important tree pathogens including O. novo-ulmi. Alternatively, Ophiostoma could be conserved against Sporothrix, but this would necessitate changing the names of the important human pathogens in the group. In this study, we sought to resolve the phylogenetic relationship between Ophiostoma and Sporothrix. DNA sequences were determined for the ribosomal large subunit and internal transcribed spacer regions, as well as the beta-tubulin and calmodulin genes in 65 isolates. The results revealed Sporothrix as a well-supported monophyletic lineage including 51 taxa, distinct from Ophiostoma s. str. To facilitate future studies exploring species level resolution within Sporothrix, we defined six species complexes in the genus. These include the Pathogenic Clade containing the four human pathogens, together with the S. pallida-, S. candida-, S. inflata-, S. gossypina- and S. stenoceras complexes, which include environmental species mostly from soil, hardwoods and Protea infructescences. The description of Sporothrix is emended to include sexual morphs, and 26 new combinations. Two new names are also provided for species previously treated as Ophiostoma.
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Key Words
- Nomenclature
- One fungus one name
- S. aurorae (X.D. Zhou & M.J. Wingf.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. bragantina (Pfenning & Oberw.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. candida (Kamgan et al.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. cantabriensis (P. Romón et al.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. dentifunda (Aghayeva & M.J. Wingf.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. dombeyi Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. epigloea (Guerrero) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. eucalyptigena (Barber & Crous) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. eucastaneae (R.W. Davidson) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. euskadiensis (P. Romón et al.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. fumea (Kamgan et al.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. fusiformis (Aghayeva & M.J. Wingf.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. gemella (Roets et al.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. gossypina (R.W. Davidson) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. lunata (Aghayeva & M.J. Wingf.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. narcissi (Limber) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. nebularis (P. Romón et al.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. nigrograna (Masuya) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. palmiculminata (Roets et al.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. phasma (Roets et al.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. polyporicola (Constant. & Ryman) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. prolifera (Kowalski & Butin) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. protea-sedis (Roets et al.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. rossii Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf
- S. stenoceras (Robak) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. thermara (J.A. van der Linde et al.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- S. zambiensis (Roets et al.) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- Sporothrix abietina (Marm. & Butin) Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingf.
- Sporothrix schenckii
- Sporotrichosis
- Taxonomy
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Affiliation(s)
- Z W de Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Research Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - T A Duong
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Research Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - M J Wingfield
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Research Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Alba-Fierro CA, Pérez-Torres A, Toriello C, Romo-Lozano Y, López-Romero E, Ruiz-Baca E. Molecular Components of the Sporothrix schenckii Complex that Induce Immune Response. Curr Microbiol 2016; 73:292-300. [PMID: 27117164 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a fungal disease caused by the Sporothrix schenckii complex that includes species such as S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii sensu stricto, S. globosa, S. luriei, S. mexicana, and S. pallida, which exhibit different potentially antigenic molecular components. The immune response of susceptible hosts to control infection and disease caused by these fungi has been little studied. Besides, the fungus-host interaction induces the activation of different types of immune response. This mini-review analyzes and discusses existing reports on the identification and functional characterization of molecules from species of the S. schenckii complex with clinical relevance, and the mechanisms that mediate the type and magnitude of the immune response in experimental models in vivo and in vitro. This knowledge is expected to contribute to the development of protective and therapeutic strategies against sporotrichosis and other mycoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Alba-Fierro
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Veterinaria S/N, 34120, Durango, Dgo., Mexico
| | - Armando Pérez-Torres
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Conchita Toriello
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Yolanda Romo-Lozano
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad # 940, 20131, Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico
| | - Everardo López-Romero
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Estela Ruiz-Baca
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Veterinaria S/N, 34120, Durango, Dgo., Mexico.
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Rodrigues AM, Cruz Choappa R, Fernandes GF, de Hoog GS, de Camargo ZP. Sporothrix chilensis sp. nov. (Ascomycota: Ophiostomatales), a soil-borne agent of human sporotrichosis with mild-pathogenic potential to mammals. Fungal Biol 2016; 120:246-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Sixteen New Records of Ascomycetes from Crop Field Soil in Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF MYCOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.4489/kjm.2016.44.4.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Hu QB, He Y, Zhou X. Construction and analysis of the cDNA subtraction library of yeast and mycelial phases of Sporothrix globosa isolated in China: identification of differentially expressed genes. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 16:991-7. [PMID: 26642182 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1500151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Species included in the Sporothrix schenckii complex are temperature-dependent with dimorphic growth and cause sporotrichosis that is characterized by chronic and fatal lymphocutaneous lesions. The putative species included in the Sporothrix complex are S. brasiliensis, S. globosa, S. mexicana, S. pallida, S. schenckii, and S. lurei. S. globosa is the causal agent of sporotrichosis in China, and its pathogenicity appears to be closely related to the dimorphic transition, i.e. from the mycelial to the yeast phase, it adapts to changing environmental conditions. To determine the molecular mechanisms of the switching process that mediates the dimorphic transition of S. globosa, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to prepare a complementary DNA (cDNA) subtraction library from the yeast and mycelial phases. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to profile the relationship between differently expressed genes and the dimorphic transition. Two genes that were expressed at higher levels by the yeast form were selected, and their differential expression levels were verified using a quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). It is believed that these differently expressed genes are involved in the pathogenesis of S. globosa infection in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-bi Hu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Department of Dermatology and Cosmetology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400021, China
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Rodrigues AM, Najafzadeh MJ, de Hoog GS, de Camargo ZP. Rapid Identification of Emerging Human-Pathogenic Sporothrix Species with Rolling Circle Amplification. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1385. [PMID: 26696992 PMCID: PMC4672047 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporothrix infections are emerging as an important human and animal threat among otherwise healthy patients, especially in Brazil and China. Correct identification of sporotrichosis agents is beneficial for epidemiological surveillance, enabling implementation of adequate public-health policies and guiding antifungal therapy. In areas of limited resources where sporotrichosis is endemic, high-throughput detection methods that are specific and sensitive are preferred over phenotypic methods that usually result in misidentification of closely related Sporothrix species. We sought to establish rolling circle amplification (RCA) as a low-cost screening tool for species-specific identification of human-pathogenic Sporothrix. We developed six species-specific padlock probes targeting polymorphisms in the gene encoding calmodulin. BLAST-searches revealed candidate probes that were conserved intraspecifically; no significant homology with sequences from humans, mice, plants or microorganisms outside members of Sporothrix were found. The accuracy of our RCA-based assay was demonstrated through the specificity of probe-template binding to 25 S. brasiliensis, 58 S. schenckii, 5 S. globosa, 1 S. luriei, 4 S. mexicana, and 3 S. pallida samples. No cross reactivity between closely related species was evident in vitro, and padlock probes yielded 100% specificity and sensitivity down to 3 × 106 copies of the target sequence. RCA-based speciation matched identifications via phylogenetic analysis of the gene encoding calmodulin and the rDNA operon (kappa 1.0; 95% confidence interval 1.0-1.0), supporting its use as a reliable alternative to DNA sequencing. This method is a powerful tool for rapid identification and specific detection of medically relevant Sporothrix, and due to its robustness has potential for ecological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson M Rodrigues
- Cell Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mohammad J Najafzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran
| | - G Sybren de Hoog
- Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Zoilo P de Camargo
- Cell Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
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Scheufen S, Strommer S, Weisenborn J, Prenger-Berninghoff E, Thom N, Bauer N, Köhler K, Ewers C. Clinical manifestation of an amelanotic Sporothrix schenckii complex isolate in a cat in Germany. JMM Case Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Scheufen
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sellyn Strommer
- Clinic for Small Animals, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jascha Weisenborn
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Department of Mycology, J W Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ellen Prenger-Berninghoff
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nina Thom
- Clinic for Small Animals, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Natali Bauer
- Clinic for Small Animals, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kernt Köhler
- Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christa Ewers
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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21
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de Araujo ML, Rodrigues AM, Fernandes GF, de Camargo ZP, de Hoog GS. Human sporotrichosis beyond the epidemic front reveals classical transmission types in Espírito Santo, Brazil. Mycoses 2015; 58:485-90. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariceli L. de Araujo
- Department of Pathology; Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES); Vitória Brazil
| | - Anderson M. Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology; Immunology and Parasitology; Cell Biology Division; Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP); São Paulo Brazil
| | - Geisa F. Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology; Immunology and Parasitology; Cell Biology Division; Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP); São Paulo Brazil
| | - Zoilo P. de Camargo
- Department of Microbiology; Immunology and Parasitology; Cell Biology Division; Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP); São Paulo Brazil
| | - G. Sybren de Hoog
- Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures; KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre; Utrecht The Netherlands
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22
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Phylogeography and evolutionary patterns in Sporothrix spanning more than 14 000 human and animal case reports. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2015; 35:1-20. [PMID: 26823625 PMCID: PMC4713101 DOI: 10.3767/003158515x687416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pathology to vertebrate hosts has emerged repeatedly in the order Ophiostomatales. Occasional infections have been observed in Sporothrix mexicana at a low level of virulence, while the main pathogenic species cluster in a derived clade around S. schenckii s.str. In this paper, phylogeny and epidemiology of the members of this clade were investigated for 99 clinical and 36 environmental strains using four genetic loci, viz. rDNA ITS and partial CAL, TEF1, and TEF3; data are compared with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genotyping. The four main species of the pathogenic clade were recognised. The species proved to show high degrees of endemicity, which enabled interpretation of literature data where live material or genetic information is lacking. The clade of four species comprised nine subclusters, which often had limited geographic distribution and were separate from each other in all partitions, suggesting low degrees of interbreeding between populations. In contrast, S. globosa exhibited consistent global distribution of identical AFLP types, suggesting another type of dispersal. Sporothrix brasiliensis is known to be involved in an expanding zoonosis and transmitted by cats, whereas S. globosa infections originated from putrid plant material, causing a sapronosis. Sporothrix schenckii s.str., the most variable species within the clade, also had a plant origin, with ecological similarities to that of S. globosa. A hypothesis was put forward that highly specific conditions in the plant material are required to promote the growth of Sporothrix. Fermented, self-heated plant debris may stimulate the thermodependent yeast-like invasive form of the fungus, which facilitates repeated infection of mammals.
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Ottonelli Stopiglia CD, Magagnin CM, Castrillón MR, Mendes SDC, Heidrich D, Valente P, Scroferneker ML. Antifungal susceptibilities and identification of species of the Sporothrix schenckii complex isolated in Brazil. Med Mycol 2014; 52:56-64. [PMID: 23964828 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2013.818726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic mycosis caused worldwide by the dimorphic species complex, Sporothrix schenckii. We studied 85 isolates recovered in Brazil to verify their identification and evaluate their in vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns. Based on phenotypic tests (microscopic features, ability to grow at 30°C and 37°C, colony diameters, as well as assimilation of sucrose and raffinose) and molecular assays (amplification of a fragment of the calmodulin gene), the strains were identified as S. schenckii, S. brasiliensis and S. globosa, with a predominance of S. schenckii isolates. There was 37.7% disagreement between the phenotypic and genotypic identification methodologies. In general, terbinafine was the most active drug, followed by ketoconazole and itraconazole, and the less active fluconazole and voriconazole. Five isolates (one S. globosa and four S. schenckii) were found to be itraconazole-resistant strains but, in general, there were no differences in the in vitro antifungal susceptibility profiles among the Sporothrix species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheila Denise Ottonelli Stopiglia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Liu TT, Zhang K, Zhou X. Molecular identification of Sporothrix clinical isolates in China. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2014; 15:100-8. [PMID: 24390750 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1300136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the molecular phylogeny of 64 clinical isolates which were identified as Sporothrix schenckii sensu lato by morphological identification. All of the strains were isolates from patients from several provinces in China. The phylogeny was inferred by DNA sequence analyses based on datasets of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and a combined ITS and partial β-tubulin region. Reference sequences were retrieved from GenBank. Results showed that all of the isolates were clustered in a distinct clade with a type of Sporothrix globosa. Our analysis showed that S. globosa is the causal agent of the tested sporotrichosis in China, rather than S. schenckii that was generally believed to be the case. The existence of S. schenckii in China remains to be confirmed. This study improved our understanding of the distribution of the species in S. schenckii complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-ting Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Rodrigues AM, Bagagli E, de Camargo ZP, Bosco SDMG. Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto isolated from soil in an armadillo's burrow. Mycopathologia 2014; 177:199-206. [PMID: 24577793 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-014-9734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a polymorphic disease of man and animals caused by traumatic implantation of propagules into the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Pathogenic species includes S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii, S. globosa and S. luriei. The disease is remarkable for its occurrence as sapronoses and/or zoonosis outbreaks in tropical and subtropical areas; although, the ecology of the clinical clade is still puzzling. Here, we describe an anamorphic Sporothrix strain isolated from soil in an armadillo's burrow, which was located in a hyper endemic area of Paracoccidioidomycosis in Brazil. This isolate was identified as S. schenckii sensu stricto (Clade IIa) based on morphological and physiological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of calmodulin sequences. We then discuss the role of the nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus as a natural carrier of Sporothrix propagules to better understand Sporothrix sources in nature and reveal essential aspects about the pathogen's eco-epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Disciplina de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
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Sasaki AA, Fernandes GF, Rodrigues AM, Lima FM, Marini MM, dos S. Feitosa L, de Melo Teixeira M, Felipe MSS, da Silveira JF, de Camargo ZP. Chromosomal polymorphism in the Sporothrix schenckii complex. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86819. [PMID: 24466257 PMCID: PMC3900657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a polymorphic disease caused by a complex of thermodimorphic fungi including S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii sensu stricto (s. str.), S. globosa and S. luriei. Humans and animals can acquire the disease through traumatic inoculation of propagules into the subcutaneous tissue. Despite the importance of sporotrichosis as a disease that can take epidemic proportions there are just a few studies dealing with genetic polymorphisms and genomic architecture of these pathogens. The main objective of this study was to investigate chromosomal polymorphisms and genomic organization among different isolates in the S. schenckii complex. We used pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to separate chromosomal fragments of isolated DNA, followed by probe hybridization. Nine loci (β-tubulin, calmodulin, catalase, chitin synthase 1, Internal Transcribed Spacer, Pho85 cyclin-dependent kinase, protein kinase C Ss-2, G protein α subunit and topoisomerase II) were mapped onto chromosomal bands of Brazilian isolates of S. schenckii s. str. and S. brasiliensis. Our results revealed the presence of intra and interspecies polymorphisms in chromosome number and size. The gene hybridization analysis showed that closely related species in phylogenetic analysis had similar genetic organizations, mostly due to identification of synteny groups in chromosomal bands of similar sizes. Our results bring new insights into the genetic diversity and genome organization among pathogenic species in the Sporothrix schenckii complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A. Sasaki
- Discipline of Cellular Biology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geisa F. Fernandes
- Discipline of Cellular Biology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson M. Rodrigues
- Discipline of Cellular Biology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio M. Lima
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marjorie M. Marini
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano dos S. Feitosa
- Biomedical Engineering Center, Camilo Castelo Branco University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus de Melo Teixeira
- Department of Cell Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Maria Sueli Soares Felipe
- Department of Cell Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - José Franco da Silveira
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zoilo P. de Camargo
- Discipline of Cellular Biology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Oliveira MME, Almeida-Paes R, Gutierrez-Galhardo MC, Zancope-Oliveira RM. Molecular identification of the Sporothrix schenckii complex. Rev Iberoam Micol 2013; 31:2-6. [PMID: 24270070 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporothrix schenckii, an ascomycetous dimorphic organism that for over a century was recognized as the sole agent of sporotrichosis, a subcutaneous mycosis with a worldwide distribution. However, it has been proposed, based on physiologic and molecular aspects, that S. schenckii is a complex of distinct species: Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix mexicana, Sporothrix globosa, S. schenckii sensu strictu, Sporothrix luriei, and Sporothrix albicans (formerly Sporothrix pallida). Human disease has a broad range of clinical manifestations and can be classified into fixed cutaneous, lymphocutaneous, disseminated cutaneous, and extracutaneous sporotrichosis. The gold standard for the diagnosis of sporotrichosis is the culture; however, serologic, histopathologic and molecular approaches have been recently adopted for the diagnosis of this mycosis. Few molecular methods have been applied to the diagnosis of sporotrichosis to detect S. schenckii DNA from clinical specimens, and to identify Sporothrix spp. in culture. Until now, Sporothrix is the unique clinically relevant dimorphic fungus without an elucidated genome sequence, thus limiting molecular knowledge about the cryptic species of this complex, and the sexual form of all S. schenckii complex species. In this review we shall focus on the current diagnosis of the sporotrichosis, and discuss the current molecular tools applied to the diagnosis and identification of the Sporothrix complex species. This manuscript is part of the series of works presented at the "V International Workshop: Molecular genetic approaches to the study of human pathogenic fungi" (Oaxaca, Mexico, 2012).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo Almeida-Paes
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Gutierrez-Galhardo
- Laboratório de Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosely M Zancope-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Rodrigues AM, de Melo Teixeira M, de Hoog GS, Schubach TMP, Pereira SA, Fernandes GF, Bezerra LML, Felipe MS, de Camargo ZP. Phylogenetic analysis reveals a high prevalence of Sporothrix brasiliensis in feline sporotrichosis outbreaks. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2281. [PMID: 23818999 PMCID: PMC3688539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporothrix schenckii, previously assumed to be the sole agent of human and animal sporotrichosis, is in fact a species complex. Recently recognized taxa include S. brasiliensis, S. globosa, S. mexicana, and S. luriei, in addition to S. schenckii sensu stricto. Over the last decades, large epidemics of sporotrichosis occurred in Brazil due to zoonotic transmission, and cats were pointed out as key susceptible hosts. In order to understand the eco-epidemiology of feline sporotrichosis and its role in human sporotrichosis a survey was conducted among symptomatic cats. Prevalence and phylogenetic relationships among feline Sporothrix species were investigated by reconstructing their phylogenetic origin using the calmodulin (CAL) and the translation elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1α) loci in strains originated from Rio de Janeiro (RJ, n = 15), Rio Grande do Sul (RS, n = 10), Paraná (PR, n = 4), São Paulo (SP, n =3) and Minas Gerais (MG, n = 1). Our results showed that S. brasiliensis is highly prevalent among cats (96.9%) with sporotrichosis, while S. schenckii was identified only once. The genotype of Sporothrix from cats was found identical to S. brasiliensis from human sources confirming that the disease is transmitted by cats. Sporothrix brasiliensis presented low genetic diversity compared to its sister taxon S. schenckii. No evidence of recombination in S. brasiliensis was found by split decomposition or PHI-test analysis, suggesting that S. brasiliensis is a clonal species. Strains recovered in states SP, MG and PR share the genotype of the RJ outbreak, different from the RS clone. The occurrence of separate genotypes among strains indicated that the Brazilian S. brasiliensis epidemic has at least two distinct sources. We suggest that cats represent a major host and the main source of cat and human S. brasiliensis infections in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Disciplina de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus de Melo Teixeira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sandro Antonio Pereira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas (IPEC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Geisa Ferreira Fernandes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Disciplina de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leila Maria Lopes Bezerra
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Sueli Felipe
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Disciplina de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Rodrigues AM, de Hoog S, de Camargo ZP. Emergence of pathogenicity in theSporothrix schenckiicomplex. Med Mycol 2013; 51:405-12. [DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2012.719648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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31
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An environmental Sporothrix as a cause of corneal ulcer. Med Mycol Case Rep 2013; 2:88-90. [PMID: 24432225 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this case we introduce Sporothrix pallida, a non-pathogenic environmental Sporothrix species as a cause of infectious keratitis in a corneal transplant recipient. Human infections caused by S. schenckii are well-known but human infection with Sporothrix pallida has not been previously reported.
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Fernandes GF, dos Santos PO, Rodrigues AM, Sasaki AA, Burger E, de Camargo ZP. Characterization of virulence profile, protein secretion and immunogenicity of different Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto isolates compared with S. globosa and S. brasiliensis species. Virulence 2013; 4:241-9. [PMID: 23324498 DOI: 10.4161/viru.23112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparative study about protein secretion, immunogenicity and virulence was performed in order to characterize and to compare eight Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto isolates. For virulence characterization, a murine model, based on survival assay and CFU counting was used. S. brasiliensis and S. globosa, a highly virulent and a non-virulent isolates, respectively were used as external controls. Exoantigen profiles showed different secreted molecules; the 46- and 60-kDa molecules were commonly secreted by all three species. The S. schenckii s. str. isolates could be classified as non-virulent or presenting low, medium or high virulence, based on survival times after infection and recovery of viable fungi. The humoral response profiles of mice infected with S. schenckii s. str., S. globosa and S. brasiliensis were heterogeneous; five virulent isolates (S. schenckii s. str., n = 4 and S. brasiliensis, n = 1) had in common the recognition of the 60-kDa molecule by their respective antisera, suggesting that this antigen may be involved in virulence. Furthermore, the 110-kDa molecule was secreted and recognized by antisera from four virulent isolates (S. schenckii s. str., n = 3 and S. brasiliensis, n = 1), so there is a possibility that this molecule is also related to virulence. Our findings reveal different degrees of virulence in S. schenckii s. str. isolates and suggest the correlation of protein secretion and immunogenicity with virulence of S. schenckii complex. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of S. schenckii s. str. and improve the knowledge about immunogenicity and protein profiles in S. schenckii complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geisa Ferreira Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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The role of azoles in the treatment of invasive mycoses: review of the Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1097/01.qco.0000399602.83515.ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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A diverse assemblage of Ophiostoma species, including two new taxa on eucalypt trees in South Africa. Mycol Prog 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-011-0767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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