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Yadav S, Zaman K, Bashyal P, Bhatta R, Bhandari S, Mohanty A, Sah R. Newer emerging SARS-COV2 variant: Omicron EG.5. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:5845-5846. [PMID: 38098560 PMCID: PMC10718343 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Yadav
- Malaria Division, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre Dibrugarh (ICMR-RMRC Dibrugarh), Dibrugarh, Assam
| | - Kamran Zaman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Indian Council of Medical Research—National Institute of Traditional Medicine Belagavi (ICMR-NITM Belagavi), Karnataka
| | | | | | | | - Aroop Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Dr. D.Y Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Faiyazuddin M, Sophia A, Ashique S, Gholap AD, Gowri S, Mohanto S, Karthikeyan C, Nag S, Hussain A, Akhtar MS, Bakht MA, Ahmed MG, Rustagi S, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Salas-Matta LA, Mohanty A, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Sah R. Virulence traits and novel drug delivery strategies for mucormycosis post-COVID-19: a comprehensive review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1264502. [PMID: 37818370 PMCID: PMC10561264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1264502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of a fatal black fungus infection after the resurgence of the cadaverous COVID-19 has exhorted scientists worldwide to develop a nutshell by repurposing or designing new formulations to address the crisis. Patients expressing COVID-19 are more susceptible to Mucormycosis (MCR) and thus fall easy prey to decease accounting for this global threat. Their mortality rates range around 32-70% depending on the organs affected and grow even higher despite the treatment. The many contemporary recommendations strongly advise using liposomal amphotericin B and surgery as first-line therapy whenever practicable. MCR is a dangerous infection that requires an antifungal drug administration on appropriate prescription, typically one of the following: Amphotericin B, Posaconazole, or Isavuconazole since the fungi that cause MCR are resistant to other medications like fluconazole, voriconazole, and echinocandins. Amphotericin B and Posaconazole are administered through veins (intravenously), and isavuconazole by mouth (orally). From last several years so many compounds are developed against invasive fungal disease but only few of them are able to induce effective treatment against the micorals. Adjuvant medicines, more particularly, are difficult to assess without prospective randomized controlled investigations, which are challenging to conduct given the lower incidence and higher mortality from Mucormycosis. The present analysis provides insight into pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, underlying fungal virulence, and growth mechanisms. In addition, current therapy for MCR in Post Covid-19 individuals includes conventional and novel nano-based advanced management systems for procuring against deadly fungal infection. The study urges involving nanomedicine to prevent fungal growth at the commencement of infection, delay the progression, and mitigate fatality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Faiyazuddin
- School of Pharmacy, Al – Karim University, Katihar, Bihar, India
- Nano Drug Delivery®, Raleigh-Durham, NC, United States
| | - A. Sophia
- PG & Research Department of Physics, Cauvery College for Women (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pandaveswar School of Pharmacy, Pandaveswar, West Bengal, India
| | - Amol D. Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, Maharashtra, India
| | - S. Gowri
- PG & Research Department of Physics, Cauvery College for Women (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - C. Karthikeyan
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Biosciences & Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Shabib Akhtar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Afroz Bakht
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Humanity Studies, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas—Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira, Colombia
- Faculties of Health Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Luis Andres Salas-Matta
- Faculties of Health Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Aroop Mohanty
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India
| | | | - Ranjit Sah
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, India
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Singh SB, Padhi BK, Gandhi AP, Lohani P, Kumari N, Singh G, Satapathy P, Pradhan KB, Rustagi S, Hermis AH, Dziedzic A, Sah R. Burden of stillbirths among women vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis 2023; 55:102633. [PMID: 37604305 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the global burden of stillbirths among pregnant women with the COVID-19 vaccination. DATA SOURCE In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a literature search was carried out in PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus until February 4, 2023, with language restriction (English). STUDY SELECTION Title-abstract screening followed by full text review was done independently by two authors, based on the research question, "What is the prevalence of stillbirths among the pregnant women vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccines?" DATA EXTRACTION Two authors independently extracted the relevant data from every study. The third author resolved the conflicts. This study was registered in PROSPERO and followed the PRISMA guidelines. DATA ANALYSIS A Random effects model was applied to assess the pooled estimate of stillbirths. The I2 test was used to assess the heterogeneity of the articles included in the study. For checking the publication bias, the Doi plot and the contour-enhanced funnel plot were utilized. RESULTS The database systematic search yielded 168 articles; 11 of them were determined to be eligible for systematic review and 8 of them ended up being included for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of stillbirth in pregnant women vaccinated against COVID-19 infection was 0.00509 (5 per 1000 live births delivered by pregnant women vaccinated against COVID-19 (95% CI: 0.00003-0.01676). Statistically significant heterogeneity was reported across studies (I2 = 98%; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The study concluded that vaccination against COVID-19 among pregnant women had a low stillbirth rate. It adds to the existing evidence that the COVID-19 vaccine is safe and can be taken during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi B Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, 834009, India.
| | - Bijaya K Padhi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Aravind P Gandhi
- Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad, 500038, India.
| | - Pallavi Lohani
- Department of Community Medicine, Madhubani Medical College, Madhubani, 847212, India.
| | - Nisha Kumari
- Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, 834009, India.
| | - Geetu Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, 282002, India.
| | - Prakasini Satapathy
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Keerti Bhusan Pradhan
- Department of Healthcare Management, Chitkara University Punjab, Patiala, 140401, India.
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Alaa Hamza Hermis
- Nursing Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq.
| | - Arkadiusz Dziedzic
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, 46000, Nepal; Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India; Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, 442001, India.
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4
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Satapathy BS, Pattnaik G, Sahoo RN, Pattanaik S, Sarangi AK, Kandi V, Mishra S, Rabaan AA, Mohanty A, Sah R, Mohapatra RK. COVID-19 vaccines and their underbelly: Are we going the right way? Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1540. [PMID: 37670844 PMCID: PMC10475498 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Historically, a critical aetiological agent of health concern stays till eternity after its discovery, so shall it be with the COVID-19 outbreak. It has transformed human life to a 'new normal' with huge tolls on the social, psychological, intellectual and financial spheres. Aim This perspective aimed to collate numerous reported COVID-19 vaccine-associated adverse events and the predisposing factors. It focussed on the efficacy of mix-n-match (cocktail) vaccines to effectively counter COVID-19 infection to facilitate future research and possible interventions. Material and Methods Databases like Scopus, Pubmed and the Web-of-science were searched for published literature on 'adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccine'. The reports and updates from health agencies like the WHO and CDC were also considered for the purpose. The details with respect to the adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccination and the predisposing factors were compiled to obtain insights and suggest possible future directions in vaccine research. Results India stood strong to manage its health resources in time and turned into a dominant global vaccine supplier at a time when healthcare infrastructure of many countries was still significantly challenged. Developing indigenous vaccines and the vaccination drive in India were its major achievements during the second and the subsequent COVID-19 waves. The fully indigenous Covaxin vaccine, primarily as an emergency intervention, was successfully rapidly launched. Similar such vaccines for emergency use were developed elsewhere as well. However, all of these reached the marketplace with a 'emergency use only' tag, without formal clinical trials and other associated formalities to validate and verify them as these would require much longer incubation time before they are available for human use. Discussion Many adverse events associated with either the first or the second/booster vaccination doses were reported. Evidently, these associated adverse events were considered as 'usually rare' or were often underreported. Without the additional financial or ethical burden on the vaccine companies, fortunately, the Phase IV (human) clinical trials of their manufactured vaccines are occurring by default as the human population receives these under the tag 'emergency use'. Thus, focused and collaborative strategies to unveil the molecular mechanisms in vaccine-related adverse events in a time-bound manner are suggested. Conclusion Reliable data particularly on the safety of children is lacking as majority of the current over-the-counter COVID-19 vaccines were for emergency use. Many of these were still in their Phase III and Phase IV trials. The need for a mutant-proof, next-gen COVID-19 vaccine in the face of vaccine-associated adverse events is opined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhabani Sankar Satapathy
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSiksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - Gurudutta Pattnaik
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCenturion University of Technology and ManagementAlluri NagarOdishaIndia
| | - Rudra Narayan Sahoo
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSiksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - Sovan Pattanaik
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSiksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - Ashish K. Sarangi
- Department of ChemistryCenturion University of Technology and ManagementAlluri NagarOdishaIndia
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of MicrobiologyPrathima Institute of Medical SciencesKarimnagarTelanganaIndia
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of BiotechnologyCampus‐11, KIIT Deemed‐to‐be‐UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic LaboratoryJohns Hopkins Aramco HealthcareDhahranSaudi Arabia
- College of MedicineAlfaisal UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and NutritionThe University of HaripurHaripurPakistan
| | - Aroop Mohanty
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesGorakhpurUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of MicrobiologyTribhuvan University Teaching HospitalKathmanduNepal
- Department of MicrobiologyDr. D.Y Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Dr. D.Y. Patil VidyapeethPuneIndia
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Rohilla R, Mohanty A, Padhi BK, Sah R. End of the COVID-19 pandemic: Is it a reality? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY OPEN 2023; 56:100644. [PMID: 38620100 PMCID: PMC10299990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijso.2023.100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Rohilla
- Department of Microbiology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, Dehrdaun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Aroop Mohanty
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273008, India
| | - Bijaya K Padhi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Spital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411018, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411018, Maharashtra, India
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J. Rodriguez-Morales A, Katterine Bonilla-Aldana D. Introductory Chapter: Lessons from SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 after Two Years of Pandemic. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.108769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
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Animal Models to Test SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Which Ones Are in Use and Future Expectations. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010020. [PMID: 36678369 PMCID: PMC9861368 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since late 2019 and early 2020, with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists are rushing to develop treatment and prevention methods to combat SARS-CoV-2. Among these are vaccines. In view of this, the use of animals as experimental models, both to investigate the immunopathology of the disease and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vaccines, is mandatory. This work aims to describe, through recent scientific articles found in reliable databases, the animal models used for the in vivo testing of COVID-19 vaccines, demonstrating some possibilities of more advantageous/gold-standard models for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The majority of the studies use rodents and primates. Meanwhile, the most adequate model to be used as the gold standard for in vivo tests of COVID-19 vaccines is not yet conclusive. Promising options are being discussed as new tests are being carried out and new SARS-CoV-2 variants are emerging.
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Bonilla-Aldana DK, García-Barco A, Jimenez-Diaz SD, Bonilla-Aldana JL, Cardona-Trujillo MC, Muñoz-Lara F, Zambrano LI, Salas-Matta LA, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in animals: a systematic review of studies and case reports and series. Vet Q 2021; 41:250-267. [PMID: 34406913 PMCID: PMC8428274 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2021.1970280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic is essentially a zoonotic disease. In this context, early in 2020, transmission from humans to certain animals began reporting; the number of studies has grown since. To estimate the pooled prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in animals and to determine differences in prevalence between countries, years, animal types and diagnostic methods (RT-PCR or serological tests). A systematic literature review with meta-analysis using eight databases. Observational studies were included but analyzed separately. We performed a random-effects model meta-analysis to calculate the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for prevalence studies and case series. After the screening, 65 reports were selected for full-text assessment and included for qualitative and quantitative analyses. A total of 24 reports assessed SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR, combining a total of 321,785 animals, yielding a pooled prevalence of 12.3% (95% CI 11.6%–13.0%). Also, a total of 17 studies additionally assessed serological response against SARS-CoV-2, including nine by ELISA, four by PRTN, one by MIA, one by immunochromatography (rest, two studies, the method was not specified), combining a total of 5319 animals, yielding a pooled prevalence of 29.4% (95% CI 22.9%–35.9%). A considerable proportion of animals resulted infected by SARS-CoV-2, ranking minks among the highest value, followed by dogs and cats. Further studies in other animals are required to define the extent and importance of natural infection due to SARS-CoV-2. These findings have multiple implications for public human and animal health. One Health approach in this context is critical for prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana
- Semillero de Investigación en Zoonosis (SIZOO), Grupo de Investigación GISCA, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Alejandra García-Barco
- Grupo Colaborativo de Investigación en Enfermedades Transmitidas por vectores, Zoonóticas y tropicales de Risaralda, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - S Daniela Jimenez-Diaz
- Semillero de Investigación en Zoonosis (SIZOO), Grupo de Investigación GISCA, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Jorge Luis Bonilla-Aldana
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia
| | - Maria C Cardona-Trujillo
- Grupo Colaborativo de Investigación en Enfermedades Transmitidas por vectores, Zoonóticas y tropicales de Risaralda, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Fausto Muñoz-Lara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Escuela, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Lysien I Zambrano
- Unit of Scientific Research, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | | | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú.,Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.,School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Franz Tamayo (UNIFRANZ), Cochabamba, Bolivia
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Shrestha S, Khatri J, Shakya S, Danekhu K, Khatiwada AP, Sah R, KC B, Paudyal V, Khanal S, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Adverse events related to COVID-19 vaccines: the need to strengthen pharmacovigilance monitoring systems. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2021; 37:376-382. [PMID: 34366660 PMCID: PMC8327058 DOI: 10.1007/s40267-021-00852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new species of β-coronavirus genus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The COVID-19 pandemic, which started in late 2019 and continues as at mid-2021, has caused enormous damage to health and lives globally. The urgent public health need has led to the development of vaccines against COVID-19 in record-breaking time. The COVID-19 vaccines have been widely rolled out for the masses by many countries following approval for emergency use by the World Health Organization and regulatory agencies in many countries. In addition, several COVID-19 vaccine candidates are undergoing clinical trials. However, myths, fears, rumors, and misconceptions persist, particularly in regard to adverse events. In this commentary, we describe the adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccines and discuss why it is essential to have a functional adverse event monitoring system in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Shrestha
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Januka Khatri
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Science, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Kavre Nepal
| | - Sujyoti Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Service Research, Nepal Health Research and Innovation Foundation, Lalitpur, Nepal
- Department of Pharmacy, Nobel College, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Krisha Danekhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Service Research, Nepal Health Research and Innovation Foundation, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Asmita Priyadarshini Khatiwada
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Service Research, Nepal Health Research and Innovation Foundation, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
- National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bhuvan KC
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Vibhu Paudyal
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Saval Khanal
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de Las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda Colombia
- School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Franz Tamayo (UNIFRANZ), Cochabamba, Bolivia
- Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru
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Alvarado-Socarras JL, Vesga-Varela AL, Quintero-Lesmes DC, Fama-Pereira MM, Serrano-Diaz NC, Vasco M, Carballo-Zarate V, Zambrano LI, Paniz-Mondolfi A, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Perception of COVID-19 Vaccination Amongst Physicians in Colombia. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:287. [PMID: 33808918 PMCID: PMC8003713 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has triggered the need to develop rapidly effective and safe vaccines to prevent infection, particularly in those at-risk populations such as medical personnel. This study's objective was to assess the perception of COVID-19 vaccination amongst Colombian physicians featuring two different scenarios of COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out through an online survey directed at medical staff in several cities in Colombia. The percentage of physicians who have a positive perception to be vaccinated and the associated factors that determine that decision were determined. A binomial regression analysis adjusted for age and sex was carried out, taking as a dependent variable the acceptance of free vaccination with an effectiveness of 60 and 80%. The most significant factors were determined in the non-acceptance of vaccination. Results: Between 77.0% and 90.7% of physicians in Colombia accept COVID-19 vaccination, according to the scenario evaluated where the vaccine's effectiveness was 60 or 80%, respectively. Medical specialty, having never paid for a vaccine, recommending the administration of the vaccine to their parents or people over 70 years, and dispensing the vaccine to their children, were the factors to consider to be vaccinated for free with an effectiveness of 60% and 80%. Conclusions: There is a high perception of the intention to vaccinate physicians in Colombia against COVID-19, and this is very similar to that of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L. Alvarado-Socarras
- Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Calle 155A No. 23–58, Floridablanca 681003, Colombia; (J.L.A.-S.); (D.C.Q.-L.); (N.C.S.-D.)
| | | | - Doris Cristina Quintero-Lesmes
- Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Calle 155A No. 23–58, Floridablanca 681003, Colombia; (J.L.A.-S.); (D.C.Q.-L.); (N.C.S.-D.)
| | - Marcela M. Fama-Pereira
- Hospital Departamental del Quindio, San Juan de Dios, Universidad del Quindio, Armenia, Quindio 630004, Colombia;
| | - Norma C. Serrano-Diaz
- Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Calle 155A No. 23–58, Floridablanca 681003, Colombia; (J.L.A.-S.); (D.C.Q.-L.); (N.C.S.-D.)
| | - Mauricio Vasco
- Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Bogotá 110911, Colombia;
| | | | - Lysien I. Zambrano
- Unit of Scientific Research, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras;
- Latin American Network of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Research (LANCOVID), Pereira, Risaralda 660003, Colombia;
| | - Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi
- Latin American Network of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Research (LANCOVID), Pereira, Risaralda 660003, Colombia;
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
- Institutode Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB/Incubadora Venezolana de la Ciencia, Barquisimeto 3001, Venezuela
| | - Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
- Latin American Network of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Research (LANCOVID), Pereira, Risaralda 660003, Colombia;
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda 660003, Colombia
- School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Franz Tamayo, Cochabamba 4780, Bolivia
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11
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Abstract
AIMS: The COVID-19 pandemic suddenly and significantly increased hospitalizations for pneumonia with systemic inflammatory disease. Since its appearance, COVID-19 has affected more than 200 countries, with more than 90 million cases and almost 2 million deaths. So far, there is no quality evidence regarding the specific pharmacological therapy for COVID-19; most treatments usually involve off-label use of existing drugs and have unproven efficacy. The global effort converges on the development of a vaccine; however, the greatest challenge is to achieve collective immunization in the face of increasing vaccination hesitancy.METHODS: This study investigated the impact of vaccine hesitancy movements on the goal of COVID-19 immunization in Brazil. An integrative bibliographic review was performed with an electronic search on PubMed and SciELO that yielded 13.535 articles. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied which included 29 interventional and descriptive studies.RESULTS: The results of the 29 studies revealed that the most frequent reasons for hesitation is skepticism about the true interests of the industry and politicians, the lack of trust in research, and inaccurate information on social media.CONCLUSION: The main factors that lead the population not to believe in vaccines were the real interests of industry and politicians, lack of confidence in research, and the amount of false information that circulates massively on social media and because of that it is possible that Brazil will face some challenges in achieving collective immunity due to the anti-vaccine movement.
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12
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Dhama K, Patel SK, Natesan S, Vora KS, Iqbal Yatoo M, Tiwari R, Saxena SK, Singh KP, Singh R, Malik YS. COVID-19 in the elderly people and advances in vaccination approaches. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2938-2943. [PMID: 33270497 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1842683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid worldwide spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in tens of millions of infections and over one million deaths. SARS-CoV-2 infection affects all age groups; however, those over 60 years old are affected more severely. Moreover, pre-existing co-morbidities result in higher COVID-19-associated mortality in the geriatric population. This article highlights the associated risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection in older people and progress in developing COVID-19 vaccines, especially for efficient vaccination of the older population. There is also a summary of immunomodulatory and immunotherapeutic approaches to ameliorate the outcome of COVID-19 in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Senthilkumar Natesan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar , Ganghinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Kranti Suresh Vora
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar , Ganghinagar, Gujarat, India.,Health Research Institut, University of Canberra, ACT , Australia
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir , Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) , Mathura, India
| | - Shailendra K Saxena
- Centre for Advanced Research (CFAR), Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University (KGMU) , Lucknow, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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13
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14
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Dhama K, Patel SK, Kumar R, Rana J, Yatoo MI, Kumar A, Tiwari R, Dhama J, Natesan S, Singh R, Harapan H. Geriatric Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Problems, Considerations, Exigencies, and Beyond. Front Public Health 2020; 8:574198. [PMID: 33072713 PMCID: PMC7536316 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.574198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic wreaked havoc worldwide, with more than 20 million confirmed cases and nearly 0. 75 million deaths as of 10th August 2020. Various factors determine the severity and symptoms of this infection. Older age and underlying diseases are the challenges being faced in controlling and treating COVID-19. In 2019, 703 million of the global population was older than 65 years of age. The estimated mortality due to COVID-19 in people older than 76 years of age is reportedly 18%. Frequent infections in older people, higher disease severity, and increased mortality are major challenges in the implementation of appropriate preventive measures and future strategies to protect against this disease in geriatric population. Poor health status, weak immune function, lowered organ function, increased probability of multiple underlying diseases, and poor attention to personal health can increase the susceptibility to various diseases in the geriatric population. Concerning inadequate immunity, the decrease expression of receptors and exaggerated pathophysiologic responses can be debilitating. However, future studies will reveal the hidden facets in these aspects in this COVID-19 catastrophe. In this article, we reviewed the main concerns of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the geriatric population, including the risk of acquiring severe COVID-19 resulting in mortality, variation in clinical manifestations, and other pandemic-related concerns. We also discussed the need for increasing attention toward the elderly, taking appropriate prevention and control measures, and considering geriatric-related adjustments in vaccine design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, GSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, India
| | - Jigyasa Rana
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, India
| | - Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medanta Hospital, Gurgaon, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | | | | | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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15
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Rabaan AA, Al-Ahmed SH, Sah R, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Patel SK, Pathak M, Malik YS, Dhama K, Singh KP, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Haque S, Martinez-Pulgarin DF, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Leblebicioglu H. SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and advances in developing potential therapeutics and vaccines to counter this emerging pandemic. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2020; 19:40. [PMID: 32878641 PMCID: PMC7464065 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-020-00384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), causing an emerging coronavirus disease (COVID-19), first detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which has taken a catastrophic turn with high toll rates in China and subsequently spreading across the globe. The rapid spread of this virus to more than 210 countries while affecting more than 25 million people and causing more than 843,000 human deaths, it has resulted in a pandemic situation in the world. The SARS-CoV-2 virus belongs to the genus Betacoronavirus, like MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, all of which originated in bats. It is highly contagious, causing symptoms like fever, dyspnea, asthenia and pneumonia, thrombocytopenia, and the severely infected patients succumb to the disease. Coronaviruses (CoVs) among all known RNA viruses have the largest genomes ranging from 26 to 32 kb in length. Extensive research has been conducted to understand the molecular basis of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and evolution, develop effective therapeutics, antiviral drugs, and vaccines, and to design rapid and confirmatory viral diagnostics as well as adopt appropriate prevention and control strategies. To date, August 30, 2020, no effective, proven therapeutic antibodies or specific drugs, and vaccines have turned up. In this review article, we describe the underlying molecular organization and phylogenetic analysis of the coronaviruses, including the SARS-CoV-2, and recent advances in diagnosis and vaccine development in brief and focusing mainly on developing potential therapeutic options that can be explored to manage this pandemic virus infection, which would help in valid countering of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamsah H Al-Ahmed
- Specialty Paediatric Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India.
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana
- Semillero de Investigación en Zoonosis (SIZOO), Grupo de Investigación BIOECOS, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dayron F Martinez-Pulgarin
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia.
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
- School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Franz Tamayo (UNIFRANZ), Cochabamba, Bolivia.
| | - Hakan Leblebicioglu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Samsun VM Medicalpark Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
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16
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Rakib A, Sami SA, Mimi NJ, Chowdhury MM, Eva TA, Nainu F, Paul A, Shahriar A, Tareq AM, Emon NU, Chakraborty S, Shil S, Mily SJ, Ben Hadda T, Almalki FA, Emran TB. Immunoinformatics-guided design of an epitope-based vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike glycoprotein. Comput Biol Med 2020; 124:103967. [PMID: 32828069 PMCID: PMC7423576 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS With a large number of fatalities, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has greatly affected human health worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus that causes COVID-19. The World Health Organization has declared a global pandemic of this contagious disease. Researchers across the world are collaborating in a quest for remedies to combat this deadly virus. It has recently been demonstrated that the spike glycoprotein (SGP) of SARS-CoV-2 is the mediator by which the virus enters host cells. MAIN METHODS Our group comprehensibly analyzed the SGP of SARS-CoV-2 through multiple sequence analysis and a phylogenetic analysis. We predicted the strongest immunogenic epitopes of the SGP for both B cells and T cells. KEY FINDINGS We focused on predicting peptides that would bind major histocompatibility complex class I. Two optimal epitopes were identified, WTAGAAAYY and GAAAYYVGY. They interact with the HLA-B*15:01 allele, which was further validated by molecular docking simulation. This study also found that the selected epitopes are able to be recognized in a large percentage of the world's population. Furthermore, we predicted CD4+ T-cell epitopes and B-cell epitopes. SIGNIFICANCE Our study provides a strong basis for designing vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2. However, laboratory work is required to validate our theoretical results, which would lay the foundation for the appropriate vaccine manufacturing and testing processes.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/genetics
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Vaccines
- Computational Biology
- Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Coronavirus Infections/genetics
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Drug Design
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- HLA-B15 Antigen/chemistry
- HLA-B15 Antigen/metabolism
- HLA-DRB1 Chains/chemistry
- HLA-DRB1 Chains/metabolism
- Humans
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- SARS-CoV-2
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/chemistry
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Rakib
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Saad Ahmed Sami
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Jahan Mimi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mustafiz Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Taslima Akter Eva
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Arkajyoti Paul
- Drug Discovery, GUSTO A Research Group, Chittagong, 4203, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Asif Shahriar
- Department of Microbiology, Stamford University Bangladesh, 51 Siddeswari Road, Dhaka, 1217, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Montakim Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Nazim Uddin Emon
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Sajal Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Sagar Shil
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Sabrina Jahan Mily
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Banshkhali Upazila Health Complex, Jaldi Union, Chittagong, 4390, Bangladesh
| | - Taibi Ben Hadda
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry & Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed the First, BP 524, 60000, Oujda, Morocco; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Almukkarramah, 21955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faisal A Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Almukkarramah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh.
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17
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Abstract
Despite the increasing large population of COVID-19+ infected patients, knowledge of the disease remains limited. Understanding the effects and long-term implications of COVID-19 will be paramount to implementing the right public health measures and developing future preventive and effective treatments. In this article, we discuss currently available information with COVID-19-related neurological complications, possible routes of virus infection into the central nervous system, and hypothesis about virus-induced cytokine storm syndrome, long-term outcomes, as well as ongoing clinical studies of novel therapies and biomarkers for COVID-19. Understanding the effects of COVID-19 on neurological systems is crucial for properly diagnosing and caring for the disease. We need to be prepared that COVID-19 could cause long-lasting debilitations after the infection has cleared. Investigating long-term effects of the disease will yield insight for providing comprehensive care to the survivors. Understanding these risks will also lead to better treatments as well as inform policies to create a system capable of caring for those affected by COVID-19 long after the pandemic has subsided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pero
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Dongming Cai
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Possibilities of "Crushing" the Transmission Curve of COVID-19 in Latin America - We Still Have Time. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.14.spl1.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Latin America is suppose to have significant advantages over other developing regions, such as Asia and Africa, given the time where the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing the Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19), arrived, mainly from Europe. This occurred on February 26, 2020. Then, multiple previous measures were taken in order to prevent and mitigate the impact of pandemic in the region. In the current mini-review update we discuss the possibilities of “crushing” the transmission curve of COVID-19 in the region after two months of the arrival of this emerging coronavirus.
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