1
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Kohler R, Engeland K. A-MYB substitutes for B-MYB in activating cell cycle genes and in stimulating proliferation. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:6830-6849. [PMID: 38747345 PMCID: PMC11229319 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A-MYB (MYBL1) is a transcription factor with a role in meiosis in spermatocytes. The related B-MYB protein is a key oncogene and a master regulator activating late cell cycle genes. To activate genes, B-MYB forms a complex with MuvB and is recruited indirectly to cell cycle genes homology region (CHR) promoter sites of target genes. Activation through the B-MYB-MuvB (MMB) complex is essential for successful mitosis. Here, we discover that A-MYB has a function in transcriptional regulation of the mitotic cell cycle and can substitute for B-MYB. Knockdown experiments in cells not related to spermatogenesis show that B-MYB loss alone merely delays cell cycle progression. Only dual knockdown of B-MYB and A-MYB causes G2/M cell cycle arrest, endoreduplication, and apoptosis. A-MYB can substitute for B-MYB in binding to MuvB. The resulting A-MYB-MuvB complex activates genes through CHR sites. We find that A-MYB activates the same target genes as B-MYB. Many of the corresponding proteins are central regulators of the cell division cycle. In summary, we demonstrate that A-MYB is an activator of the mitotic cell cycle by activating late cell cycle genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Kohler
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kurt Engeland
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Latini S, Venafra V, Massacci G, Bica V, Graziosi S, Pugliese GM, Iannuccelli M, Frioni F, Minnella G, Marra JD, Chiusolo P, Pepe G, Helmer Citterich M, Mougiakakos D, Böttcher M, Fischer T, Perfetto L, Sacco F. Unveiling the signaling network of FLT3-ITD AML improves drug sensitivity prediction. eLife 2024; 12:RP90532. [PMID: 38564252 PMCID: PMC10987088 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, the identification of patient-specific therapies in cancer is mainly informed by personalized genomic analysis. In the setting of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), patient-drug treatment matching fails in a subset of patients harboring atypical internal tandem duplications (ITDs) in the tyrosine kinase domain of the FLT3 gene. To address this unmet medical need, here we develop a systems-based strategy that integrates multiparametric analysis of crucial signaling pathways, and patient-specific genomic and transcriptomic data with a prior knowledge signaling network using a Boolean-based formalism. By this approach, we derive personalized predictive models describing the signaling landscape of AML FLT3-ITD positive cell lines and patients. These models enable us to derive mechanistic insight into drug resistance mechanisms and suggest novel opportunities for combinatorial treatments. Interestingly, our analysis reveals that the JNK kinase pathway plays a crucial role in the tyrosine kinase inhibitor response of FLT3-ITD cells through cell cycle regulation. Finally, our work shows that patient-specific logic models have the potential to inform precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Latini
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - Veronica Venafra
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | | | - Valeria Bica
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - Simone Graziosi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | | | | | - Filippo Frioni
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Gessica Minnella
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - John Donald Marra
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Patrizia Chiusolo
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - Gerardo Pepe
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | | | - Dimitros Mougiakakos
- Health Campus for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection (GCI3), Otto-von-Guericke University of MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Otto-von-Guericke University of MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - Martin Böttcher
- Health Campus for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection (GCI3), Otto-von-Guericke University of MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Otto-von-Guericke University of MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Health Campus for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection (GCI3), Otto-von-Guericke University of MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University of MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - Livia Perfetto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
- Department of Biology, Fondazione Human TechnopoleMilanItaly
| | - Francesca Sacco
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
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3
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Mersal KI, Abdel-Maksoud MS, Ali EMH, Ammar UM, Zaraei SO, Haque MM, Das T, Hassan NF, Kim EE, Lee JS, Park H, Lee KH, El-Gamal MI, Kim HK, Ibrahim TM, Oh CH. Evaluation of novel pyrazol-4-yl pyridine derivatives possessing arylsulfonamide tethers as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors in leukemia cells. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115779. [PMID: 37776574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of 36 pyrazol-4-yl pyridine derivatives (8a-i, 9a-i, 10a-i, and 11a-i) was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for its antiproliferative activity over NCI-60 cancer cell line panel and inhibitory effect against JNK isoforms (JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3). All the synthesized compounds were tested against the NCI-60 cancer cell line panel. Compounds 11b, 11c, 11g, and 11i were selected to determine their GI50s and exerted a superior potency over the reference standard SP600125 against the tested cell lines. 11c showed a GI50 of 1.28 μM against K562 leukemic cells. Vero cells were used to assess 11c cytotoxicity compared to the tested cancer cells. The target compounds were tested against hJNK isoforms in which compound 11e exhibited the highest potency against JNK isoforms with IC50 values of 1.81, 12.7, and 10.5 nM against JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3, respectively. Kinase profiling of 11e showed higher JNK selectivity in 50 kinase panels. Compounds 11c and 11e showed cell population arrest at the G2/M phase, induced early apoptosis, and slightly inhibited beclin-1 production at higher concentrations in K562 leukemia cells relative to SP600125. NanoBRET assay of 11e showed intracellular JNK1 inhibition with an IC50 of 2.81 μM. Also, it inhibited CYP2D6 and 3A4 with different extent and its hERG activity showed little cardiac toxicity with an IC50 of 4.82 μM. hJNK3 was used as a template to generate the hJNK1 crystal structure to explore the binding mode of 11e (PDB ID: 8ENJ) with a resolution of 2.8 °A and showed a typical type I kinase inhibition against hJNK1. Binding energy scores showed that selectivity of 11e towards JNK1 could be attributed to additional hydrophobic interactions relative to JNK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim I Mersal
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, 12055, Egypt; University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, 34113, Republic of Korea; Center of Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST School), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed S Abdel-Maksoud
- Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre NRC (ID: 60014618), Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Eslam M H Ali
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, 12055, Egypt; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Usama M Ammar
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, 9 Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN, United Kingdom
| | - Seyed-Omar Zaraei
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Md Mamunul Haque
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Tanuza Das
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Noha F Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, 12055, Egypt
| | - Eunice EunKyeong Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - HaJeung Park
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, USA
| | - Kwan Hyi Lee
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST School), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu, 02792, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed I El-Gamal
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tamer M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Chang-Hyun Oh
- University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, 34113, Republic of Korea; Center of Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST School), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Biswas S, Tikader B, Kar S, Viswanathan GA. Modulation of signaling cross-talk between pJNK and pAKT generates optimal apoptotic response. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010626. [PMID: 36240239 PMCID: PMC9604984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a well-known modulator of apoptosis by maintaining a balance between proliferation and cell-death in normal cells. Cancer cells often evade apoptotic response following TNFα stimulation by altering signaling cross-talks. Thus, varying the extent of signaling cross-talk could enable optimal TNFα mediated apoptotic dynamics. Herein, we use an experimental data-driven mathematical modeling to quantitate the extent of synergistic signaling cross-talk between the intracellular entities phosphorylated JNK (pJNK) and phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) that orchestrate the phenotypic apoptosis level by modulating the activated Caspase3 dynamics. Our study reveals that this modulation is orchestrated by the distinct dynamic nature of the synergism at early and late phases. We show that this synergism in signal flow is governed by branches originating from either TNFα receptor and NFκB, which facilitates signaling through survival pathways. We demonstrate that the experimentally quantified apoptosis levels semi-quantitatively correlates with the model simulated Caspase3 transients. Interestingly, perturbing pJNK and pAKT transient dynamics fine-tunes this accumulated Caspase3 guided apoptotic response. Thus, our study offers useful insights for identifying potential targeted therapies for optimal apoptotic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Biswas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Baishakhi Tikader
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Sandip Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- * E-mail: (SK); (GAV)
| | - Ganesh A. Viswanathan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- * E-mail: (SK); (GAV)
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5
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Tanimura K, Yamada T, Horinaka M, Katayama Y, Fukui S, Morimoto K, Nakano T, Tokuda S, Morimoto Y, Iwasaku M, Kaneko Y, Uchino J, Yoneda K, Yano S, Sakai T, Takayama K. Inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling increased apoptosis and prevented the emergence of ALK-TKI-tolerant cells in ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 522:119-128. [PMID: 34534615 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs) have improved clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring ALK- rearrangements. However, a small population of tumor cells survives due to adaptive resistance under drug pressure and ultimately acquires drug resistance. Thus, it is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the prevention of drug resistance to improve the prognosis of patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC. We identified novel adaptive resistance, generated through c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun signaling, to initial ALK-TKIs-alectinib and brigatinib-in ALK-rearranged NSCLC. Inhibition of JNK/c-Jun axis showed suppression of growth and promotion of apoptosis induced by ALK-TKIs in drug-tolerant cells. JNK inhibition, in combination with the use of ALK-TKIs, increased cell apoptosis through repression of the Bcl-xL proteins, compared with ALK-TKI monotherapy. Importantly, combination therapy targeting JNK and ALK significantly delayed the regrowth following cessation of these treatments. Together, our results demonstrated that JNK pathway activation plays a pivotal role in the intrinsic resistance to ALK-TKIs and the emergence of ALK-TKI-tolerant cells in ALK-rearranged NSCLC, thus indicating that optimal inhibition of tolerant signals combined with ALK-TKIs may potentially improve the outcome of ALK-rearranged NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Tanimura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Yamada
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Mano Horinaka
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuki Katayama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Sarina Fukui
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kenji Morimoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakano
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Tokuda
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshie Morimoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwasaku
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kaneko
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Junji Uchino
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazue Yoneda
- Second Department of Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Seiji Yano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakai
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Koichi Takayama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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6
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Novel function of N-acetyltransferase for microtubule stability and JNK signaling in Drosophila organ development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2010140118. [PMID: 33479178 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010140118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of microtubule stability is crucial for the maintenance of cell structure and function. While the acetylation of α-tubulin lysine 40 by acetylase has been implicated in the regulation of microtubule stability, the in vivo functions of N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs) involved in the acetylation of N-terminal amino acids are not well known. Here, we identify an N-terminal acetyltransferase, Mnat9, that regulates cell signaling and microtubule stability in Drosophila Loss of Mnat9 causes severe developmental defects in multiple tissues. In the wing imaginal disc, Mnat9 RNAi leads to the ectopic activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling and apoptotic cell death. These defects are suppressed by reducing the level of JNK signaling. Overexpression of Mnat9 can also inhibit JNK signaling. Mnat9 colocalizes with mitotic spindles, and its loss results in various spindle defects during mitosis in the syncytial embryo. Furthermore, overexpression of Mnat9 enhances microtubule stability. Mnat9 is physically associated with microtubules and shows a catalytic activity in acetylating N-terminal peptides of α- and β-tubulin in vitro. Cell death and tissue loss in Mnat9-depleted wing discs are restored by reducing the severing protein Spastin, suggesting that Mnat9 protects microtubules from its severing activity. Remarkably, Mnat9 mutated in the acetyl-CoA binding site is as functional as its wild-type form. We also find that human NAT9 can rescue Mnat9 RNAi phenotypes in flies, indicating their functional conservation. Taken together, we propose that Mnat9 is required for microtubule stability and regulation of JNK signaling to promote cell survival in developing Drosophila organs.
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7
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Morgan EL, Scarth JA, Patterson MR, Wasson CW, Hemingway GC, Barba-Moreno D, Macdonald A. E6-mediated activation of JNK drives EGFR signalling to promote proliferation and viral oncoprotein expression in cervical cancer. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:1669-1687. [PMID: 33303976 PMCID: PMC8166842 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a major cause of malignancy worldwide, contributing to ~5% of all human cancers including almost all cases of cervical cancer and a growing number of ano-genital and oral cancers. HPV-induced malignancy is primarily driven by the viral oncogenes, E6 and E7, which manipulate host cellular pathways to increase cell proliferation and enhance cell survival, ultimately predisposing infected cells to malignant transformation. Consequently, a more detailed understanding of viral-host interactions in HPV-associated disease offers the potential to identify novel therapeutic targets. Here, we identify that the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling pathway is activated in cervical disease and in cervical cancer. The HPV E6 oncogene induces JNK1/2 phosphorylation in a manner that requires the E6 PDZ binding motif. We show that blockade of JNK1/2 signalling using small molecule inhibitors, or knockdown of the canonical JNK substrate c-Jun, reduces cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. We further demonstrate that this phenotype is at least partially driven by JNK-dependent activation of EGFR signalling via increased expression of EGFR and the EGFR ligands EGF and HB-EGF. JNK/c-Jun signalling promoted the invasive potential of cervical cancer cells and was required for the expression of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated transcription factor Slug and the mesenchymal marker Vimentin. Furthermore, JNK/c-Jun signalling is required for the constitutive expression of HPV E6 and E7, which are essential for cervical cancer cell growth and survival. Together, these data demonstrate a positive feedback loop between the EGFR signalling pathway and HPV E6/E7 expression, identifying a regulatory mechanism in which HPV drives EGFR signalling to promote proliferation, survival and EMT. Thus, our study has identified a novel therapeutic target that may be beneficial for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan L. Morgan
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK ,grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK ,grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Present Address: Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - James A. Scarth
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK ,grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK
| | - Molly R. Patterson
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK ,grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK
| | - Christopher W. Wasson
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK ,grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Present Address: Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St-James University Teaching Hospital, Leeds, West Yorkshire UK
| | - Georgia C. Hemingway
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK
| | - Diego Barba-Moreno
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK ,grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK
| | - Andrew Macdonald
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK ,grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK
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8
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Lenin S, Ponthier E, Scheer KG, Yeo ECF, Tea MN, Ebert LM, Oksdath Mansilla M, Poonnoose S, Baumgartner U, Day BW, Ormsby RJ, Pitson SM, Gomez GA. A Drug Screening Pipeline Using 2D and 3D Patient-Derived In Vitro Models for Pre-Clinical Analysis of Therapy Response in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4322. [PMID: 33919246 PMCID: PMC8122466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most common and lethal types of primary brain tumor. Despite aggressive treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, tumor recurrence within 6-9 months is common. To overcome this, more effective therapies targeting cancer cell stemness, invasion, metabolism, cell death resistance and the interactions of tumor cells with their surrounding microenvironment are required. In this study, we performed a systematic review of the molecular mechanisms that drive glioblastoma progression, which led to the identification of 65 drugs/inhibitors that we screened for their efficacy to kill patient-derived glioma stem cells in two dimensional (2D) cultures and patient-derived three dimensional (3D) glioblastoma explant organoids (GBOs). From the screening, we found a group of drugs that presented different selectivity on different patient-derived in vitro models. Moreover, we found that Costunolide, a TERT inhibitor, was effective in reducing the cell viability in vitro of both primary tumor models as well as tumor models pre-treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. These results present a novel workflow for screening a relatively large groups of drugs, whose results could lead to the identification of more personalized and effective treatment for recurrent glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthi Lenin
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South of Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.L.); (E.P.); (K.G.S.); (E.C.F.Y.); (M.N.T.); (L.M.E.); (M.O.M.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Elise Ponthier
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South of Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.L.); (E.P.); (K.G.S.); (E.C.F.Y.); (M.N.T.); (L.M.E.); (M.O.M.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Kaitlin G. Scheer
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South of Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.L.); (E.P.); (K.G.S.); (E.C.F.Y.); (M.N.T.); (L.M.E.); (M.O.M.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Erica C. F. Yeo
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South of Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.L.); (E.P.); (K.G.S.); (E.C.F.Y.); (M.N.T.); (L.M.E.); (M.O.M.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Melinda N. Tea
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South of Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.L.); (E.P.); (K.G.S.); (E.C.F.Y.); (M.N.T.); (L.M.E.); (M.O.M.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Lisa M. Ebert
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South of Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.L.); (E.P.); (K.G.S.); (E.C.F.Y.); (M.N.T.); (L.M.E.); (M.O.M.); (S.M.P.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Mariana Oksdath Mansilla
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South of Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.L.); (E.P.); (K.G.S.); (E.C.F.Y.); (M.N.T.); (L.M.E.); (M.O.M.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Santosh Poonnoose
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (S.P.); (R.J.O.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Ulrich Baumgartner
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Sid Faithfull Brain Cancer Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (U.B.); (B.W.D.)
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bryan W. Day
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Sid Faithfull Brain Cancer Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (U.B.); (B.W.D.)
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rebecca J. Ormsby
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (S.P.); (R.J.O.)
| | - Stuart M. Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South of Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.L.); (E.P.); (K.G.S.); (E.C.F.Y.); (M.N.T.); (L.M.E.); (M.O.M.); (S.M.P.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Guillermo A. Gomez
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South of Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (S.L.); (E.P.); (K.G.S.); (E.C.F.Y.); (M.N.T.); (L.M.E.); (M.O.M.); (S.M.P.)
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9
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Rehfeldt SCH, Laufer S, Goettert MI. A Highly Selective In Vitro JNK3 Inhibitor, FMU200, Restores Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Reduces Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073701. [PMID: 33918172 PMCID: PMC8037381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are symptomatic and do not affect disease progression. Slowing this progression remains a crucial unmet need for patients and their families. c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) are related to several ND hallmarks including apoptosis, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. JNK inhibitors can play an important role in addressing neuroprotection. This research aims to evaluate the neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of a synthetic compound (FMU200) with known JNK3 inhibitory activity in SH-SY5Y and RAW264.7 cell lines. SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with FMU200 and cell damage was induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Cell viability and neuroprotective effect were assessed with an MTT assay. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to evaluate cell apoptosis. The H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were evaluated by DCFDA and JC-1 assays, respectively. The anti-inflammatory effect was determined in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells by ELISA assay. In undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells, FMU200 decreased neurotoxicity induced by 6-OHDA in approximately 20%. In RA-differentiated cells, FMU200 diminished cell death in approximately 40% and 90% after 24 and 48 h treatment, respectively. FMU200 reduced both early and late apoptotic cells, decreased ROS levels, restored mitochondrial membrane potential, and downregulated JNK phosphorylation after H2O2 exposure. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, FMU200 reduced TNF-α levels after a 3 h treatment. FMU200 protects neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against 6-OHDA- and H2O2-induced apoptosis, which may result from suppressing the JNK pathways. Our findings show that FMU200 can be a useful candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery (TüCAD2), D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (M.I.G.); Tel.: +55-(51)3714-7000 (ext. 5445) (M.I.G.)
| | - Márcia Inês Goettert
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS 95914-014, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (M.I.G.); Tel.: +55-(51)3714-7000 (ext. 5445) (M.I.G.)
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10
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Paul T, Roy R, Sarkar RD, Sinha S, Biswas N. H 2O 2 mediated FLIP and XIAP down-regulation involves increased ITCH expression and ERK-Akt crosstalk in imatinib resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia cell line K562. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:265-276. [PMID: 33631302 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of anti-apoptotic protein FLICE-like inhibitory protein (FLIP) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) remains a crucial step in the cell fate determination and thus targeting these anti-apoptotic proteins could be a viable strategy for the treatment of cancer. However the regulation of FLIP and XIAP is not very well established till date. Here we have shown that ROS decreased XIAP and FLIP by activation of ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway in imatinib resistant K562 cells. Activation of the components of MAPK pathway, ERK and JNK, played a crucial role in XIAP and FLIP degradation because ectopic expression or knock down of ERK and JNK changed the pattern of ROS mediated down-regulation of these two proteins. We have also found that JNK and ERK differentially regulates FLIP and XIAP, respectively. Moreover, our data suggests that activated ERK decreased Akt phosphorylation and thus its binding to and stabilization of XIAP. On the other hand, JNK activation increased E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH expression and its binding to FLIP which leads to its degradation. Thus, we have, for the first time elucidated that ROS mediated ERK-Akt crosstalk regulates XIAP. We have also shown for the first time that ROS regulates ITCH expression which controls FLIP degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamalika Paul
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajdeep Roy
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Rupak Dey Sarkar
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Samraj Sinha
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Nabendu Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.
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11
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JNK signaling as a target for anticancer therapy. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:405-434. [PMID: 33710509 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The JNKs are members of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) which regulate many physiological processes including inflammatory responses, macrophages, cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and death. It is increasingly clear that the continuous activation of JNKs has a role in cancer development and progression. Therefore, JNKs represent attractive oncogenic targets for cancer therapy using small molecule kinase inhibitors. Studies showed that the two major JNK proteins JNK1 and JNK2 have opposite functions in different types of cancers, which need more specification in the design of JNK inhibitors. Some of ATP- competitive and ATP non-competitive inhibitors have been developed and widely used in vitro, but this type of inhibitors lack selectivity and inhibits phosphorylation of all JNK substrates and may lead to cellular toxicity. In this review, we summarized and discussed the strategies of JNK binding inhibitors and the role of JNK signaling in the pathogenesis of different solid and hematological malignancies.
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12
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Xu W, Mo Y, He Y, Fan Y, He G, Fu W, Chen S, Liu J, Liu W, Peng L, Xiao Y. A New Method for Chromosomes Preparation by ATP-Competitive Inhibitor SP600125 via Enhancement of Endomitosis in Fish. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:606496. [PMID: 33520960 PMCID: PMC7838586 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.606496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that 1,9-Pyrazoloanthrone, known as SP600125, can induce cell polyploidization. However, what is the phase of cell cycle arrest caused by SP600125 and the underlying regulation is still an interesting issue to be further addressed. Research in this article shows that SP600125 can block cell cycle progression at the prometaphase of mitosis and cause endomitosis. It is suggested that enhancement of the p53 signaling pathway and weakening of the spindle assembly checkpoint are associated with the SP600125-induced cell cycle arrest. Using preliminary SP600125 treatment, the samples of the cultured fish cells and the fish tissues display a great number of chromosome splitting phases. Summarily, SP600125 can provide a new protocol of chromosomes preparation for karyotype analysis owing to its interference with prometaphase of mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanxiu Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunpeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Guomin He
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shujuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Liangyue Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yamei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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13
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Wang J, Feng D, Gao B. An Overview of Potential Therapeutic Agents Targeting WNT/PCP Signaling. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 269:175-213. [PMID: 34463852 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the proto-oncogene Wnt1 (Int1) in 1982, WNT signaling has been identified as one of the most important pathways that regulates a wide range of fundamental developmental and physiological processes in multicellular organisms. The canonical WNT signaling pathway depends on the stabilization and translocation of β-catenin and plays important roles in development and homeostasis. The WNT/planar cell polarity (WNT/PCP) signaling, also known as one of the β-catenin-independent WNT pathways, conveys directional information to coordinate polarized cell behaviors. Similar to WNT/β-catenin signaling, disruption or aberrant activation of WNT/PCP signaling also underlies a variety of developmental defects and cancers. However, the pharmacological targeting of WNT/PCP signaling for therapeutic purposes remains largely unexplored. In this review, we briefly discuss WNT/PCP signaling in development and disease and summarize the known drugs/inhibitors targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Di Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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14
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Schröder SK, Asimakopoulou A, Tillmann S, Koschmieder S, Weiskirchen R. TNF-α controls Lipocalin-2 expression in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Cytokine 2020; 135:155214. [PMID: 32712458 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common and deadly cancers in men worldwide. The surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME) is important in tumor progression, as cytokines and soluble mediators including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) or lipocalin-2 (LCN2) can influence tumor growth and formation of metastasis. The exact mechanisms on how these pleiotropic factors affect PCa are still unknown. In this study, we showed for the first time that LCN2 mRNA and protein expression are strongly inducible by TNF-α in the highly metastatic human PCa cell line PC-3. In addition, we observed higher levels of secreted LCN2 in cell culture medium of TNF-α-treated PC-3 cells. We found that different signaling pathways such as p38, NF-κB or JNK were activated shortly after TNF-α treatment. Moreover, the mRNA levels of IL-1β and IL-8 were also significantly increased after 24 h stimulation. Mechanistically, the NF-κB pathway and the JNK signaling axis are directly responsible for LCN2 upregulation. This was shown by the fact that pretreatment with the JNK inhibitors SP600125 or JNK-IN-8 strongly downregulated phosphorylation of c-Jun protein and markedly reduced TNF-α-mediated LCN2 upregulation in PC-3 cells. Likewise, the NF-κB inhibitor QNZ was able to repress TNF-α-induced LCN2 expression in PC-3 cells. Taking into consideration that LCN2 has been described as a tumor promoting factor in PCa, our results indicate that JNK regulates LCN2 expression and unmasks the JNK signaling axis as a possible therapeutic target for patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Schröder
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anastasia Asimakopoulou
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Tillmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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15
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de Marcken M, Dhaliwal K, Danielsen AC, Gautron AS, Dominguez-Villar M. TLR7 and TLR8 activate distinct pathways in monocytes during RNA virus infection. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/605/eaaw1347. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaw1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human blood CD14+monocytes are bone marrow–derived white blood cells that sense and respond to pathogens. Although innate immune activation by RNA viruses preferentially occurs through intracellular RIG-I–like receptors, other nucleic acid recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), play a role in finely programming the final outcome of virus infection. Here, we dissected how human monocytes respond to infection with either Coxsackie (CV), encephalomyocarditis (EMCV), influenza A (IAV), measles (MV), Sendai (SV), or vesicular stomatitis (VSV) virus. We found that in monocytes, type I interferon (IFN) and cytokine responses to infection were RNA virus specific and differentially involved TLR7 and TLR8, which sense single-stranded RNA. These TLRs activated distinct signaling cascades in monocytes, which correlated with differences in the production of cytokines involved in the polarization of CD4+T helper cells. Furthermore, we found that TLR7 signaling specifically increased expression of the transcription factor FOSL1, which reduced IL-27 and TNFα production by monocytes. TLR7, but not TLR8, activation of monocytes also stimulated Ca2+flux that prevented type I IFN responses. Our work demonstrates that in human monocytes, TLR7 and TLR8 triggered different signaling pathways that contribute to distinct phenotypes during RNA virus infection. In addition, we defined individual targets within these pathways that promoted specific T helper and antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine de Marcken
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Khushwant Dhaliwal
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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16
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Zhou P, Chen X, Li M, Sun X, Tan J, Wang X, Chu Y, Zhang Y, Cheng T, Zhou J, Wang G, Yuan W. Overexpression of PRDM5 promotes acute myeloid leukemia cell proliferation and migration by activating the JNK pathway. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3905-3917. [PMID: 31119897 PMCID: PMC6639193 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PRDM family proteins are dysregulated in many human diseases, especially hematological malignancies and solid cancers, and share a unique N‐terminal PR domain followed by zinc fingers toward the C terminus. With a high frequency of DNA promoter hypermethylation, PRDM5 is primarily considered as a tumor suppressor in solid tumors. However, little is known about the function of PRDM5 in blood malignancies, especially acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, we showed that high PRDM5 expression levels were independently correlated with poor overall survival in AML patients. PRDM5 overexpression promoted cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration in vitro and enhanced tumorigenesis in an in vivo xenograft model. Furthermore, we found that PRDM5 overexpression promoted cell cycle progression with the decreased level of cell cycle inhibitors such as p16 and p21, and regulated the expression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition markers ZO‐1 and Vimentin to promote migration. Moreover, we observed that PRDM5 upregulated the Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway and downregulated c‐Myc expression. Pharmacological inhibition of JNK by SP600125 partially abrogated PRDM5‐induced cell proliferation and migration. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that PRDM5 functions as an oncogenic driver in AML via JNK pathway, suggesting that PRDM5 is a potential therapeutic target for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajing Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yicheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gaoxiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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17
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Co-activation of WT1 and AP-1 proteins on WT1 gene promoter to induce WT1 gene expression in K562 cells. Cell Signal 2019; 53:339-347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Grassi ES, Vezzoli V, Negri I, Lábadi Á, Fugazzola L, Vitale G, Persani L. SP600125 has a remarkable anticancer potential against undifferentiated thyroid cancer through selective action on ROCK and p53 pathways. Oncotarget 2017; 6:36383-99. [PMID: 26415230 PMCID: PMC4742184 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy with increasing incidence worldwide. The majority of thyroid cancer cases are well differentiated with favorable outcome. However, undifferentiated thyroid cancers are one of the most lethal human malignancies because of their invasiveness, metastatization and refractoriness even to the most recently developed therapies. In this study we show for the first time a significant hyperactivation of ROCK/HDAC6 pathway in thyroid cancer tissues, and its negative correlation with p53 DNA binding ability. We demonstrate that a small compound, SP600125 (SP), is able to induce cell death selectively in undifferentiated thyroid cancer cell lines by specifically acting on the pathogenic pathways of cancer development. In detail, SP acts on the ROCK/HDAC6 pathway involved in dedifferentiation and invasiveness of undifferentiated human cancers, by restoring its physiological activity level. As main consequence, cancer cell migration is inhibited and, at the same time, cell death is induced through the mitotic catastrophe. Moreover, SP exerts a preferential action on the mutant p53 by increasing its DNA binding ability. In TP53-mutant cells that survive mitotic catastrophe this process results in p21 induction and eventually lead to premature senescence. In conclusion, SP has been proved to be able to simultaneously block cell replication and migration, the two main processes involved in cancer development and dissemination, making it an ideal candidate for developing new drugs against anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Stellaria Grassi
- DISCCO, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Vezzoli
- DISCCO, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Negri
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino, Italy.,Current address: IRIBHM, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Árpád Lábadi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Laura Fugazzola
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Endocrine Unit-Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- DISCCO, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino, Italy.,Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- DISCCO, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino, Italy.,Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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19
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Broz V, Kucerova L, Rouhova L, Fleischmannova J, Strnad H, Bryant PJ, Zurovec M. Drosophila imaginal disc growth factor 2 is a trophic factor involved in energy balance, detoxification, and innate immunity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43273. [PMID: 28230183 PMCID: PMC5322392 DOI: 10.1038/srep43273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila imaginal disc growth factor 2 (IDGF2) is a member of chitinase-like protein family (CLPs) able to induce the proliferation of imaginal disc cells in vitro. In this study we characterized physiological concentrations and expression of IDGF2 in vivo as well as its impact on the viability and transcriptional profile of Drosophila cells in vitro. We show that IDGF2 is independent of insulin and protects cells from death caused by serum deprivation, toxicity of xenobiotics or high concentrations of extracellular adenosine (Ado) and deoxyadenosine (dAdo). Transcriptional profiling suggested that such cytoprotection is connected with the induction of genes involved in energy metabolism, detoxification and innate immunity. We also show that IDGF2 is an abundant haemolymph component, which is further induced by injury in larval stages. The highest IDGF2 accumulation was found at garland and pericardial nephrocytes supporting its role in organismal defence and detoxification. Our findings provide evidence that IDGF2 is an important trophic factor promoting cellular and organismal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Broz
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kucerova
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Rouhova
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Fleischmannova
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Strnad
- Institute of Molecular Genetics CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Peter J Bryant
- Developmental &Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Michal Zurovec
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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20
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Cao S, Xia M, Mao Y, Zhang Q, Donkor PO, Qiu F, Kang N. Combined oridonin with cetuximab treatment shows synergistic anticancer effects on laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: involvement of inhibition of EGFR and activation of reactive oxygen species-mediated JNK pathway. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2075-2087. [PMID: 27667173 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a transmembrane glycoprotein, is expressed at high levels in a large proportion of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Cetuximab (Cet), an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, has limited clinical outcome for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Our previous studies showed that oridonin (ORI), a natural and safe kaurene diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, inhibited cell growth in HEp-2 cells through inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation. The aim of the present study was to determine whether ORI could improve the anticancer efficacy of Cet on LSCC. We observed that the combination with Cet and ORI synergistically inhibited cell growth associated with Fas-mediated apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest in two LSCC cell lines (HEp-2 and Tu212 cells). Moreover, combination treatment caused cell death associated with suppression of p-EGFR and activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated JNK pathway. In nude mice bearing HEp-2 xenografts, ORI plus Cet caused a significant tumor regression through induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation with no side-effect. Together, our findings suggest that the combination of ORI and Cet has the potential to enhance tumor responses and may significantly improve therapeutic outcomes in LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Cao
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Meijuan Xia
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Mao
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Paul Owusu Donkor
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine and Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Ning Kang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
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Huang HL, Chao MW, Li YC, Chang LH, Chen CH, Chen MC, Cheng CC, Liou JP, Teng CM, Pan SL. MPT0G066, a novel anti-mitotic drug, induces JNK-independent mitotic arrest, JNK-mediated apoptosis, and potentiates antineoplastic effect of cisplatin in ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31664. [PMID: 27526962 PMCID: PMC4985652 DOI: 10.1038/srep31664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing new anticancer agents against ovarian cancer is an urgent medical need. MPT0G066, a novel synthetic arylsulfonamide compound, was shown to inhibit cell growth and decrease viability in human ovarian cancer cells. MPT0G066 induced arrest of the cell cycle at the multipolyploidy (MP) phase in SKOV3 and at the G2/M phase in A2780 cells, while increasing the proportion of cells in the subG1. Additionally, MPT0G066 induced c-Jun-NH2 terminal kinase (JNK) activation, influenced cell cycle regulatory and Bcl-2 family proteins, which triggered intrinsic apoptotic pathways through cleavage of caspase-3, -7, -9, and poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Flow cytometry analysis of p-glycoprotein (p-gp) function showed that MPT0G066 was not a substrate of p-gp. Additionally, it was shown that MPT0G066 could decrease cell viability in multiple-drug-resistant human ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, the combination of MPT0G066 and cisplatin presented a synergistic cytotoxic effect against ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro. MPT0G066 also significantly suppressed the growth of ovarian carcinoma and potentiated the antineoplastic effects of cisplatin in vivo. In conclusion, these findings indicate that MPT0G066 can be a potential anticancer agent against ovarian cancer that worthy of further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Li Huang
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Wu Chao
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chi Li
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsun Chang
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chuan Chen
- Ph.D. Program for the Clinical Drug Discovery from Botanical Herbs, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chun Cheng
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Teng
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Martel-Frachet V, Keramidas M, Nurisso A, DeBonis S, Rome C, Coll JL, Boumendjel A, Skoufias DA, Ronot X. IPP51, a chalcone acting as a microtubule inhibitor with in vivo antitumor activity against bladder carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14669-86. [PMID: 26036640 PMCID: PMC4546496 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified 1-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(1-methylindolyl) propenone (IPP51), a new chalcone derivative that is capable of inducing prometaphase arrest and subsequent apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. Here, we demonstrate that IPP51 selectively inhibits proliferation of tumor-derived cells versus normal non-tumor cells. IPP51 interfered with spindle formation and mitotic chromosome alignment. Accumulation of cyclin B1 and mitotic checkpoint proteins Bub1 and BubR1 on chromosomes in IPP51 treated cells indicated the activation of spindle-assembly checkpoint, which is consistent with the mitotic arrest. The antimitotic actions of other chalcones are often associated with microtubule disruption. Indeed, IPP51 inhibited tubulin polymerization in an in vitro assay with purified tubulin. In cells, IPP51 induced an increase in soluble tubulin. Furthermore, IPP51 inhibited in vitro capillary-like tube formation by endothelial cells, indicating that it has anti-angiogenic activity. Molecular docking showed that the indol group of IPP51 can be accommodated in the colchicine binding site of tubulin. This characteristic was confirmed by an in vitro competition assay demonstrating that IPP51 can compete for colchicine binding to soluble tubulin. Finally, in a human bladder xenograft mouse model, IPP51 inhibited tumor growth without signs of toxicity. Altogether, these findings suggest that IPP51 is an attractive new microtubule-targeting agent with potential chemotherapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Martel-Frachet
- Université Joseph Fourier, AGIM CNRS FRE, EPHE, GRENOBLE Cedex 9. Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Michelle Keramidas
- Unité INSERM/UJF U823, Centre de recherche Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | - Alessandra Nurisso
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Claire Rome
- Unité Inserm, Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, Site Santé, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- Unité INSERM/UJF U823, Centre de recherche Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | - Ahcène Boumendjel
- Université de Grenoble/CNRS, UMR, Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | | | - Xavier Ronot
- Université Joseph Fourier, AGIM CNRS FRE, EPHE, GRENOBLE Cedex 9. Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
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Autotetraploid cell line induced by SP600125 from crucian carp and its developmental potentiality. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21814. [PMID: 26898354 PMCID: PMC4761888 DOI: 10.1038/srep21814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploidy has many advantages over diploidy, such as rapid growth, sterility, and disease resistance, and has been extensively applied in agriculture and aquaculture. Though generation of new polyploids via polyploidization has been achieved in plants by different ways, it is comparatively rare in animals. In this article, by a chemical compound, SP600125, polyploidization is induced in fish cells in vitro, and a stable autotetraploid cell line has been generated from diploid fibroblast cells of crucian carp. As a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (Jnk) inhibitor, SP600125 does not function during the induction process of polyploidization. Instead, the p53 signal pathway might be involved. Using the SP600125-induced tetraploid cells and eggs of crucian carp as the donors and recipients, respectively, nuclear transplantation was conducted such that tetraploid embryos were obtained. It suggests that combining polyploidization and the somatic cell nuclear transfer technique (SCNT) is an efficient way to generate polyploidy, and the presented method in this research for generating the tetraploid fish from diploid fish can provide a useful platform for polyploid breeding.
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24
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Mahal K, Ahmad A, Sethi S, Resch M, Ficner R, Sarkar FH, Schobert R, Biersack B. Role of JNK and NF-κB in mediating the effect of combretastatin A-4 and brimamin on endothelial and carcinoma cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 38:463-78. [PMID: 26358135 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The 4,5-diarylimidazole brimamin is an analog of the natural vascular-disrupting agent combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) with improved water solubility, tolerance by animals and efficacy in multidrug-resistant tumors. Here, we aimed at identifying the major mechanisms underlying the in vitro and in vivo actions of brimamin on endothelial and carcinoma cells, including vascularization. METHODS The contribution of specific signaling kinases to the effects of brimamin on cytoskeleton organization and the viability and differentiation of endothelial cells was assessed by MTT and tube formation assays in the presence or absence of specific kinase inhibitors. Changes in DNA affinity and expression of NF-κB in endothelial and carcinoma-derived cells and their solid tumors (xenografts) treated with brimamin were ascertained by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and Western blotting. The anti-vascular effect of brimamin in solid tumors was verified by CD31 immunostaining. RESULTS We found that brimamin can inhibit tubulin polymerization and cause a reorganization of F-actin in Ea.hy926 endothelial cells. Its inhibitory effect on tube formation was found to depend on functional Rho kinase and JNK. JNK inhibition was found to suppress the induction of endothelial cell apoptosis by brimamin. In CA-4-refractory human BxPC-3 pancreas carcinoma-derived and triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma-derived cells brimamin was found to inhibit growth and to induce apoptosis at low nanomolar concentrations by blocking NF-κB activation in a dose-dependent manner. Brimamin was also found to reduce the in vivo growth rate and vascularization of MDA-MB-231 xenografts in mice. Residual tumor cells of these treated xenografts showed a relatively low expression of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that cellular JNK and Rho kinase activities are crucial for the cytotoxic and cytoskeleton reorganizing effects of brimamin on endothelial cells. In addition, we found that in resistant carcinoma cells and xenografts brimamin can induce down-regulation of anti-apoptotic NF-κB expression and signaling. Its chemical properties and efficacy against clinically relevant cancer entities make brimamin a promising candidate vascular-disrupting agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mahal
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. Street, Detroit, 48201, MI, USA
| | - Seema Sethi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. Street, Detroit, 48201, MI, USA
| | - Marcus Resch
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Ficner
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fazlul H Sarkar
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. Street, Detroit, 48201, MI, USA
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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25
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Dependency of 2-methoxyestradiol-induced mitochondrial apoptosis on mitotic spindle network impairment and prometaphase arrest in human Jurkat T cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 94:257-69. [PMID: 25732194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study sought to determine the correlation between 2-methoxyestradiol (2-MeO-E2)-induced cell cycle arrest and 2-MeO-E2-induced apoptosis. Exposure of Jurkat T cell clone (JT/Neo) to 2-MeO-E2 (0.5-1.0 μM) caused G2/M arrest, Bak activation, Δψm loss, caspase-9 and -3 activation, PARP cleavage, intracellular ROS accumulation, and apoptotic DNA fragmentation, whereas none of these events except for G2/M arrest were induced in Jurkat T cells overexpressing Bcl-2 (JT/Bcl-2). Under these conditions, Cdk1 phosphorylation at Thr-161 and dephosphorylation at Tyr-15, up-regulation of cyclin B1 expression, histone H1 phosphorylation, Cdc25C phosphorylation at Thr-48, Bcl-2 phosphorylation at Thr-56 and Ser-70, Mcl-1 phosphorylation at Ser-159/Thr-163, and Bim phosphorylation were detected irrespective of Bcl-2 overexpression. Concomitant treatment of JT/Neo cells with 2-MeO-E2 and the G1/S blocking agent aphidicolin resulted in G1/S arrest and abrogation of all apoptotic events, including Cdk1 activation, phosphorylation of Bcl-2, Mcl-1 and Bim, and ROS accumulation. The 2-MeO-E2-induced phosphorylation of Bcl-2 family proteins and mitochondrial apoptotic events were suppressed by a Cdk1 inhibitor, but not by an Aurora A kinase (AURKA), Aurora B kinase (AURKB), JNK, or p38 MAPK inhibitor. Immunofluorescence microscopic analysis revealed that 2-MeO-E2-induced mitotic arrest was caused by mitotic spindle network impairment and prometaphase arrest. Whereas 10-20 μM 2-MeO-E2 reduced the proportion of intracellular polymeric tubulin to monomeric tubulin, 0.5-5.0 μM 2-MeO-E2 increased it. These results demonstrate that the apoptogenic effect of 2-MeO-E2 (0.5-1.0 μM) was attributable to mitotic spindle defect-mediated prometaphase arrest, Cdk1 activation, phosphorylation of Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and Bim, and activation of Bak and mitochondria-dependent caspase cascade.
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26
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Trucco LD, Andreoli V, Núñez NG, Maccioni M, Bocco JL. Krüppel-like factor 6 interferes with cellular transformation induced by the H-ras oncogene. FASEB J 2014; 28:5262-76. [PMID: 25212220 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-251884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
KLF6 is a member of the Krüppel-like factor family of transcription factors, with diverse roles in the regulation of cell physiology, including proliferation, signal transduction, and apoptosis. Mutations or down-regulation of KLF6 have been described in several human cancers. In this work, we found that KLF6-knockdown resulted in the formation of transformed foci and allowed the spontaneous conversion of NIH3T3 cells to a tumorigenic state. We further assessed the role of KLF6 in the context of oncogenic Ras. We showed that KLF6 was up-regulated by H-Ras(G12V) expression in a Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent manner, correlated with enhanced klf6 promoter activity. We found that ectopic KLF6 expression induced a G1-phase cell cycle arrest, thereby decreasing the cell proliferation rate. In addition, constitutive KLF6 expression impaired H-Ras(G12V)-mediated loss of density-dependent growth inhibition and anchorage-independent growth. Moreover, growth of H-Ras(G12V)-driven tumors was reduced in mice challenged with cells stably expressing KLF6. KLF6 expression correlated with the up-regulation of p21, whereas neither p53 induction nor apoptotic cell death was detected. Further, p21 knockdown impaired KLF6-induced cell cycle arrest. These findings provide novel evidence highlighting KLF6 function in response to malignant transformation, suggesting the relevance of KLF6 in controlling cell proliferation and hindering tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Daniel Trucco
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica Andreoli
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Gonzalo Núñez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana Maccioni
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - José Luis Bocco
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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27
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Kim JH, Chae M, Choi AR, Sik Kim H, Yoon S. SP600125 overcomes antimitotic drug-resistance in cancer cells by increasing apoptosis with independence of P-gp inhibition. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 723:141-7. [PMID: 24333214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify conditions that increase the sensitivity of resistant cancer cells to antimitotic drugs. Using MTS assays, microscopic observation, assessment of cleaved PARP, FACS analysis, and Hoechst staining, we found that the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (Jnk) inhibitor SP600125 (SP) sensitized the antimitotic drug-resistant KBV20C cancer cell line. The sensitization mechanism was independent of p-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibition. Interestingly, SP-induced sensitization was greater in resistant KBV20C cancer cells than in KB parent cells. The mechanism of SP-induced sensitization involved G2 arrest. KBV20C cells treated with SP and antimitotic drugs were more sensitized than cells treated with SP alone. This suggests that SP can restore sensitization for antimitotic drugs in resistant cancer cells. Our findings may contribute to the development of SP-based combination therapies for patients receiving anti-cancer agents that target microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hwa Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 809 Madu 1-dong, Ilsan-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 411-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Chae
- College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae-Ran Choi
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 809 Madu 1-dong, Ilsan-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 411-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungpil Yoon
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 809 Madu 1-dong, Ilsan-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 411-764, Republic of Korea.
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Lan Y, Liu X, Zhang R, Wang K, Wang Y, Hua ZC. Lithium enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Biometals 2013; 26:241-54. [PMID: 23378009 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-012-9607-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells are resistant to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. Therefore, combination therapy using sensitizing agents to overcome TRAIL resistance may provide new strategies for treatment of NSCLC. Here, we investigated whether lithium chloride (LiCl), a drug for mental illness, could sensitize A549 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. We observed that LiCl significantly enhanced A549 cells apoptosis through up-regulation of death receptors DR4 and DR5 and activation of caspase cascades. In addition, G2/M arrest induced by LiCl also contributed to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Concomitantly, LiCl strongly inhibited the activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), and the inhibition of JNKs by SP600125 also induced G2/M arrest and augmented cell death caused by TRAIL or TRAIL plus LiCl. However, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) inhibition was not involved in TRAIL sensitization induced by LiCl. Collectively, these findings indicated that LiCl sensitized A549 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through caspases-dependent apoptotic pathway via death receptors signaling and G2/M arrest induced by inhibition of JNK activation, but independent of GSK3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lan
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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29
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Luo Y, Rana P, Will Y. Cyclosporine A and palmitic acid treatment synergistically induce cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 261:172-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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30
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Ribas VT, Gonçalves BS, Linden R, Chiarini LB. Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) during mitosis in retinal progenitor cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34483. [PMID: 22496813 PMCID: PMC3319587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Most studies of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) activation in retinal tissue were done in the context of neurodegeneration. In this study, we investigated the behavior of JNK during mitosis of progenitor cells in the retina of newborn rats. Retinal explants from newborn rats were kept in vitro for 3 hours and under distinct treatments. Sections of retinal explants or freshly fixed retinal tissue were used to detect JNK phosphorylation by immunohistochemistry, and were examined through both fluorescence and confocal microscopy. Mitotic cells were identified by chromatin morphology, histone-H3 phosphorylation, and location in the retinal tissue. The subcellular localization of proteins was analyzed by double staining with both a DNA marker and an antibody to each protein. Phosphorylation of JNK was also examined by western blot. The results showed that in the retina of newborn rats (P1), JNK is phosphorylated during mitosis of progenitor cells, mainly during the early stages of mitosis. JNK1 and/or JNK2 were preferentially phosphorylated in mitotic cells. Inhibition of JNK induced cell cycle arrest, specifically in mitosis. Treatment with the JNK inhibitor decreased the number of cells in anaphase, but did not alter the number of cells in either prophase/prometaphase or metaphase. Moreover, cells with aberrant chromatin morphology were found after treatment with the JNK inhibitor. The data show, for the first time, that JNK is activated in mitotic progenitor cells of developing retinal tissue, suggesting a new role of JNK in the control of progenitor cell proliferation in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafael Linden
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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31
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Kim JH, Yoo HI, Kang HS, Ro J, Yoon S. Salinomycin sensitizes antimitotic drugs-treated cancer cells by increasing apoptosis via the prevention of G2 arrest. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 418:98-103. [PMID: 22244892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.12.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we investigated whether Sal could sensitize cancer cells to antimitotic drugs. We demonstrated that Sal sensitized paclitaxcel (PAC)-, docetaxcel (DOC)-, vinblastin (VIN)-, or colchicine (COL)-treated cancer cell lines, suggesting that Sal has the ability to sensitize the cells to any form of microtubule-targeting drugs. Sensitization to the antimitotic drugs could be achieved with very low concentrations of Sal, suggesting that there is a possibility to minimize Sal toxicity associated with human cancer patient treatments. Sensitization by Sal increased apoptosis, which was observed by C-PARP production. Sal sensitized the cancer cells to antimitotic drugs by preventing G2 arrest, suggesting that Sal contributes to the induction of mitotic catastrophe. Sal generally reduced cyclin D1 levels in PAC-, DOC-, and VIN-treated cells. In addition, Sal treatment increased pH2AX levels and reduced p21 levels in antimitotic drugs-treated cells. These observations suggest that the mechanisms underlying Sal sensitization to DNA-damaging compounds, radiation, and microtubule-targeting drugs are similar. Our data demonstrated that Sal sensitizes cancer cells to antimitotic drugs by increasing apoptosis through the prevention of G2 arrest via conserved Sal-sensitization mechanisms. These results may contribute to the development of Sal-based chemotherapy for cancer patients treated with antimitotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hwa Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsan-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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Cotugno R, Fortunato R, Santoro A, Gallotta D, Braca A, De Tommasi N, Belisario MA. Effect of sesquiterpene lactone coronopilin on leukaemia cell population growth, cell type-specific induction of apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe. Cell Prolif 2011; 45:53-65. [PMID: 22168177 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2011.00796.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate anti-leukaemic potential of coronopilin, a sesquiterpene lactone from Ambrosia arborescens, and to characterize mechanism(s) underlying its activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted on Jurkat and U937, two leukaemia-derived cell lines. Apoptosis and impairment of cell cycle progression were evaluated by flow cytometry and by microscopic analysis. Changes in protein expression and activation were evaluated by western blot analysis. Coronopilin-tubulin covalent adducts were demonstrated by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Coronopilin inhibited (IC(50) ≤ 20 μm) leukaemia cell population growth, but displayed poor cytotoxicity to normal white blood cells. On Jurkat cells, coronopilin exerted cell population growth inhibition activity, mainly by triggering caspase-dependent apoptosis. Conversely, in U937 cells, coronopilin's primary response was a robust arrest in G(2) /M. Marked increase in mitotic index and presence of activated cyclin B1/Cdk1 complex, phosphorylated histone H3 at Ser10, and hyperpolymerized tubulin indicated that cells accumulated in mitosis. Prolonged mitotic arrest ultimately resulted in U937 mitotic catastrophe, and dying cells exhibited the features of non-caspase-dependent death. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that coronopilin efficiently inhibited leukaemia cell population growth by triggering cell type-specific responses. Moreover, coronopilin-mediated cell population expansion inhibition was specific to neoplastic cells, as normal white blood cell viability was not significantly affected. Thus, coronopilin may represent an interesting new chemical scaffold upon which to develop new anti-leukaemic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cotugno
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Park HS, Kim GY, Nam TJ, Deuk Kim N, Hyun Choi Y. Antiproliferative activity of fucoidan was associated with the induction of apoptosis and autophagy in AGS human gastric cancer cells. J Food Sci 2011; 76:T77-83. [PMID: 21535865 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide purified from brown algae, possesses a variety of pharmacologic effects, including antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties; however, the underlying action mechanisms are not completely understood. This study investigated the possible mechanisms through which fucoidan exerts its antiproliferative action in cultured AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. We found that fucoidan effectively inhibits the growth of AGS cells by inducing autophagy, as well as apoptosis. Apoptosis by fucoidan treatment was associated with the downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspases, and concomitant degradation of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase protein. In addition, the morphological study indicated a characteristic finding of autophagy, such as the formation of autophagosomes in fucoidan-treated AGS cells. Furthermore, markers of autophagy, namely, the conversion of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-I to LC3-II and increased beclin-1 accumulation, were observed. Overall, the present data suggest that fucoidan induces apoptotic and autophagic cell death, and both apoptotic and autophagic mechanisms contribute to the fucoidan-induced AGS cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Soo Park
- Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Huang X, Tong JS, Wang ZB, Yang CR, Qi ST, Guo L, Ouyang YC, Quan S, Sun QY, Qi ZQ, Huang RX, Wang HL. JNK2 participates in spindle assembly during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2011; 17:197-205. [PMID: 21281539 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927610094456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays pivotal roles in various mitotic events, but its function in mammalian oocyte meiosis remains unknown. In this study, we found that no specific JNK2 signal was detected in germinal vesicle stage. JNK2 was associated with the spindles especially the spindle poles and cytoplasmic microtubule organizing centers at prometaphase I, metaphase I, and metaphase II stages. JNK2 became diffusely distributed and associated with the midbody at telophase I stage. Injection of myc-tagged JNK2α1 mRNA into oocytes also revealed its localization on spindle poles. The association of JNK2 with spindle poles was further confirmed by colocalization with the centrosomal proteins, γ-tubulin and Plk1. Nocodazole treatment showed that JNK2 may interact with Plk1 to regulate the spindle assembly. Then we investigated the possible function of JNK2 by JNK2 antibody microinjection and JNK specific inhibitor SP600125 treatment. These two manipulations caused abnormal spindle formation and decreased the rate of first polar body (PB1) extrusion. In addition, inhibition of JNK2 resulted in impaired localization of Plk1. Taken together, our results suggest that JNK2 plays an important role in spindle assembly and PB1 extrusion during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China
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Lee HL, Yi T, Woo KM, Ryoo HM, Kim GS, Baek JH. Msx2 mediates the inhibitory action of TNF-alpha on osteoblast differentiation. Exp Mol Med 2010; 42:437-45. [PMID: 20440096 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2010.42.6.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF-alpha, a proinflammatory cytokine, inhibits osteoblast differentiation under diverse inflammatory conditions; however, the underlying mechanisms in terms of the TNF-alpha signaling pathway remain unclear. In this study, we examined the role of Msx2 in TNF-alpha-mediated inhibition of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression and the signaling pathways involved. TNF-alpha down-regulated ALP expression induced by bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) in C2C12 and Runx2(-/-)calvarial cells. Over-expression of Msx2 suppressed BMP2-induced ALP expression. Furthermore, TNF-alpha induced Msx2 expression, and the knockdown of Msx2 by small interfering RNAs rescued ALP expression, which was inhibited by TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha activated the NF-kappaB and the JNK pathways. Inhibition of NF-kappaB or JNK activation reduced the inhibitory effect of TNF-alpha on ALP expression, whereas TNF-alpha-induced Msx2 expression was only suppressed by the inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway. Taken together, these results indicate that Msx2 mediates the inhibitory action of TNF-alpha on BMP2-regulated osteoblast differentiation and that the TNF-alpha-activated NF-kappaB pathway is responsible for Msx2 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Lim Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
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Gutierrez GJ, Tsuji T, Cross JV, Davis RJ, Templeton DJ, Jiang W, Ronai ZA. JNK-mediated phosphorylation of Cdc25C regulates cell cycle entry and G(2)/M DNA damage checkpoint. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:14217-28. [PMID: 20220133 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.121848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Jun NH(2)-terminal Kinases (JNKs) play a central role in the cellular response to a wide variety of stress signals. After their activation, JNKs induce phosphorylation of substrates, which control proliferation, migration, survival, and differentiation. Recent studies suggest that JNKs may also play a role in cell cycle control, although the underlying mechanisms are largely unexplored. Here we show that JNK directly phosphorylates Cdc25C at serine 168 during G(2) phase of the cell cycle. Cdc25C phosphorylation by JNK negatively regulates its phosphatase activity and thereby Cdk1 activation, enabling a timely control of mitosis onset. Unrestrained phosphorylation by JNK, as obtained by a cell cycle-stabilized form of JNK or as seen in some human tumors, results in aberrant cell cycle progression. Additionally, UV irradiation-induced G(2)/M checkpoint requires inactivation of Cdc25C by JNK phosphorylation. JNK phosphorylation of Cdc25C as well as Cdc25A establishes a novel link between stress signaling and unperturbed cell cycle and checkpoint pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo J Gutierrez
- Signal Transduction Program, Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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