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Lee JH. Treatment mechanism of immune triad from the repurposing drug against COVID-19. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2023; 7:33-45. [PMID: 37388715 PMCID: PMC10290163 DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is an immune-mediated disease whose pathophysiology uses SAMHD1 tetramerization and cGAS-STING signaling, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) cascade, spike protein- inflammasome activation, and neuropilin 1 (NRP1) signaling. Variants of concern, such as SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7, BA.2.75.2, and other mutants, have emerged. The longitudinal memory T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 persists for eight months after symptom onset. Therefore, we must achieve viral clearance to coordinate immune cell reactions. Aspirin, dapsone, and dexamethasone as anticatalysis medicines have been used to treat COVID-19. They are shown to work harmoniously with modulating ILCs. Therefore, it needs to prescribe this immune triad to alleviate the clinical pathologic course and block exacerbation mechanisms due to diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hoon Lee
- Science and Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Seobuk Hospital, 49 Galhyeon-ro 7-gil, Yeokchon-dong Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, 03433, Republic of Korea
- Geoje Public Health Center, Suyang-ro 506 (Yangjeong-dong ), Geoje city, Gyeongsangnam-do, 53236, Republic of Korea
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2
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Hulme J. COVID-19 and Diarylamidines: The Parasitic Connection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6583. [PMID: 37047556 PMCID: PMC10094973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants (Omicron) continue to outpace and negate combinatorial vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies targeting the spike protein (S) receptor binding domain (RBD), the appetite for developing similar COVID-19 treatments has significantly diminished, with the attention of the scientific community switching to long COVID treatments. However, treatments that reduce the risk of "post-COVID-19 syndrome" and associated sequelae remain in their infancy, particularly as no established criteria for diagnosis currently exist. Thus, alternative therapies that reduce infection and prevent the broad range of symptoms associated with 'post-COVID-19 syndrome' require investigation. This review begins with an overview of the parasitic-diarylamidine connection, followed by the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and associated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSSR2) involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Subsequently, the ability of diarylamidines to inhibit S-protein binding and various membrane serine proteases associated with SARS-CoV-2 and parasitic infections are discussed. Finally, the roles of diarylamidines (primarily DIZE) in vaccine efficacy, epigenetics, and the potential amelioration of long COVID sequelae are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hulme
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Republic of Korea
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Salem HF, Moubarak GA, Ali AA, Salama AAA, Salama AH. Budesonide-Loaded Bilosomes as a Targeted Delivery Therapeutic Approach Against Acute Lung Injury in Rats. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:760-770. [PMID: 36228754 PMCID: PMC9549718 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Budesonide (BUD), a glucocorticoids drug, inhibits all steps in the inflammatory response. It can reduce and treat inflammation and other symptoms associated with acute lung injury such as COVID-19. Loading BUD into bilosomes could boost its therapeutic activity, and lessen its frequent administration and side effects. Different bilosomal formulations were prepared where the independent variables were lipid type (Cholesterol, Phospholipon 80H, L-alpha phosphatidylcholine, and Lipoid S45), bile salt type (Na cholate and Na deoxycholate), and drug concentration (10, 20 mg). The measured responses were: vesicle size, entrapment efficiency, and release efficiency. One optimum formulation (composed of cholesterol, Na cholate, and 10 mg of BUD) was selected and investigated for its anti-inflammatory efficacy in vivo using Wistar albino male rats. Randomly allocated rats were distributed into four groups: The first: normal control group and received intranasal saline, the second one acted as the acute lung injury model received intranasal single dose of 2 mg/kg potassium dichromate (PD). Whereas the third and fourth groups received the market product (Pulmicort® nebulising suspension 0.5 mg/ml) and the optimized formulation (0.5 mg/kg; intranasal) for 7 days after PD instillation, respectively. Results showed that the optimized formulation decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, and TGF-β contents as well as reduced PKC content in lung. These findings suggest the potentiality of BUD-loaded bilosomes for the treatment of acute lung injury with the ability of inhibiting the pro-inflammatory cytokines induced COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba F Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ghada Abdelsabour Moubarak
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6(th) of October City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adel A Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Abeer A A Salama
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Alaa H Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6(th) of October City, Cairo, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
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Signaling pathways involved in paraquat-induced pulmonary toxicity: Molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic drugs. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Lee JH, Kanwar B, Khattak A, Balentine J, Nguyen NH, Kast RE, Lee CJ, Bourbeau J, Altschuler EL, Sergi CM, Nguyen TNM, Oh S, Sohn MG, Coleman M. COVID-19 Molecular Pathophysiology: Acetylation of Repurposing Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13260. [PMID: 36362045 PMCID: PMC9656873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces immune-mediated type 1 interferon (IFN-1) production, the pathophysiology of which involves sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) tetramerization and the cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway. As a result, type I interferonopathies are exacerbated. Aspirin inhibits cGAS-mediated signaling through cGAS acetylation. Acetylation contributes to cGAS activity control and activates IFN-1 production and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling via STING. Aspirin and dapsone inhibit the activation of both IFN-1 and NF-κB by targeting cGAS. We define these as anticatalytic mechanisms. It is necessary to alleviate the pathologic course and take the lag time of the odds of achieving viral clearance by day 7 to coordinate innate or adaptive immune cell reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hoon Lee
- Science and Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Badar Kanwar
- Department of Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care, Hunt Regional Hospital, Greenville, 75401 TX, USA
| | - Asif Khattak
- Department of Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care, Hunt Regional Hospital, Greenville, 75401 TX, USA
| | - Jenny Balentine
- Department of Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care, Hunt Regional Hospital, Greenville, 75401 TX, USA
| | - Ngoc Huy Nguyen
- Department of Health, Phutho Province, Tran Phu Str., Viet Tri City 227, Vietnam
| | | | - Chul Joong Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jean Bourbeau
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
| | - Eric L. Altschuler
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Metropolitan Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Consolato M. Sergi
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | | | - Sangsuk Oh
- Department of Food Engineering, Food Safety Laboratory, Memory Unit, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03600, Korea
| | - Mun-Gi Sohn
- Department of Food Science, KyungHee University College of Life Science, Seoul 17104, Korea
| | - Michael Coleman
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
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Lee JH. The listed, delisted, and sustainability of therapeutic medicines for dementia patients: the study is specific to South Korea. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:535-546. [PMID: 35122115 PMCID: PMC8989833 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Dementia Management Act (DMA) came into effect on August 4, 2011, in South Korea. Diagnosis and medication were rapidly performed for dementia in a short time. We investigated the cardiac effects of increased drug prescription following DMA. We observed a correlation between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and anti-AD drug (AAD) groups from 2010 to 2019 on the National Health Insurance System (NHIS) of South Korea. This study investigated the increase and decrease in deaths of AD patients with AAD. We analysed the mortality per 100,000 population with the R2 Calculator. Moreover, we made the up or down datum line for the simple decision on the listed, delisted, and sustainable drug examined by a linear equation and R2. We observed that life expectancy was diminished by AAD in Sorokdo National Hospital. In the NHIS, donepezil and rivastigmine increased the number of deaths decided on R2 > 0.75. Memantine was sustainable. We could not decide on galantamine because it is one of the other groups. We made a straightforward decision-maker of delisted, listed, or sustainable criteria based on mortality and datum line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hoon Lee
- Science & Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Diaz-Ruiz A, Nader-Kawachi J, Calderón-Estrella F, Bermudez AM, Alvarez-Mejia L, Ríos C. Dapsone, More than an Effective Neuro and Cytoprotective Drug. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:194-210. [PMID: 34139984 PMCID: PMC9199557 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210617143108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dapsone (4,4'-diamino-diphenyl sulfone) is a synthetic derivative of sulfones, with the antimicrobial activity described since 1937. It is also a drug traditionally used in dermatological therapies due to its anti-inflammatory effect. In recent years its antioxidant, antiexcitotoxic, and antiapoptotic effects have been described in different ischemic damage models, traumatic damage, and models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's diseases (AD). Finally, dapsone has proven to be a safe and effective drug as a protector against heart, renal and pulmonary cells damage; that is why it is now employed in clinical trials with patients as a neuroprotective therapy by regulating the main mechanisms of damage that lead to cell death ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to provide a descriptive review of the evidence demonstrating the safety and therapeutic benefit of dapsone treatment, evaluated in animal studies and various human clinical trials Methods: We conducted a review of PubMed databases looking for scientific research in animals and humans, oriented to demonstrate the effect of dapsone on regulating and reducing the main mechanisms of damage that lead to cell death ConclusionThe evidence presented in this review shows that dapsone is a safe and effective neuro and cytoprotective treatment that should be considered for translational therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Diaz-Ruiz
- Departamento de Neuroquímica Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Francisco Calderón-Estrella
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas de la Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alfonso Mata Bermudez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. Ciudad de México, México
| | - Laura Alvarez-Mejia
- Departamento de Neuroquímica Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Camilo Ríos
- Departamento de Neuroquímica Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de México, México
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México
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Khattak A, Kanwar B, Sergi C, Lee CJ, Balentine J, Lee JH, Park J, Lee SJ, Choi SH. Commentary for the Elderly in the Pandemic Era. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2021; 11:168-171. [PMID: 34249073 PMCID: PMC8255700 DOI: 10.1159/000515926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Asif Khattak
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Hunt Regional Hospital, Greenville, Texas, USA
| | - Badar Kanwar
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Hunt Regional Hospital, Greenville, Texas, USA
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Jenny Balentine
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Hunt Regional Hospital, Greenville, Texas, USA
| | - Jong-Hoon Lee
- Science and Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwuk Park
- Research Center of Integrative Functional Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Chungdam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jeong Lee
- Department of BioSciences, Wiess School of Natural Sciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Su-Hee Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Li C, Xie Z, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Chu Y, Guo Q, Zhou W, Zhang Y, Liu P, Chen H, Jiang C, Sun K, Sun T. Supramolecular Hunter Stationed on Red Blood Cells for Detoxification Based on Specific Molecular Recognition. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4950-4962. [PMID: 32203660 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Efficient removal of deadly toxicants by blood purification remains predominant in poisoning treatment. Current strategies mainly rely on absorptive scavengers that normally have no selectivity to the adsorbates, which could result poor clinical outcomes to certain toxic species due to the passivity and inaccuracy of the detoxification procedure. Herein, a positive, accurate, and customized detoxification strategy was proposed. Based on the sophisticated molecule design and thoughtful structure analysis of the aimed toxicant paraquat, a supramolecular hunter stationed on red blood cells (RBC) is developed to continuously track paraquat in the blood. In this construct, a Janus dendrimer amphiphile (JDA) molecule was synthesized with the aim of facilely anchoring onto RBC membranes while bridging to load the antidote WP6 that could precisely recognize paraquat. In vitro and in vivo results demonstrate the effective toxicant-hunting and harm-neutralizing capability of the system through a guest-exchange reaction. This strategy provides a different insight in designing scavengers that can actively, precisely, and continuously hunt toxicants through a supramolecular approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Zichen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Qinjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yongchao Chu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Qin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Wenxi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Peixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Hongyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Keyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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Choi H, Cho SC, Ha YW, Ocampo B, Park S, Chen S, Bennett CF, Han J, Rossner R, Kang JS, Lee YL, Park SC, Kaeberlein M. DDS promotes longevity through a microbiome-mediated starvation signal. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2019; 3:64-69. [PMID: 32190786 PMCID: PMC7080190 DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) is used in combination with other antibiotics as a first line treatment for leprosy. DDS has been previously reported to extend lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans through inhibition of pyruvate kinase and decreased mitochondrial function. Here we report an alternative mechanism of action by which DDS promotes longevity in C. elegans by reducing folate production by the microbiome. This results in altered methionine cycle metabolite levels mimicking the effects of metformin and lifespan extension that is dependent on the starvation- and hypoxia-induced flavin containing monoxygenase, FMO-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeri Choi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Sung Chun Cho
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Geongbuk Institute Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Young Wan Ha
- Well Aging Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Suwon, South Korea
| | - Billie Ocampo
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shirley Park
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shiwen Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Jeehae Han
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ryan Rossner
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Samsung Biomedical Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Yun-ll Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Geongbuk Institute Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Sang Chul Park
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Geongbuk Institute Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea
- The Future Life and Society Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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11
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Park SC. Serendipity in search for longevity from experiences of Hansen people. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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12
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Boccellino M, Quagliuolo L, Alaia C, Grimaldi A, Addeo R, Nicoletti GF, Kast RE, Caraglia M. The strange connection between epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and dapsone: from rash mitigation to the increase in anti-tumor activity. Curr Med Res Opin 2016; 32:1839-1848. [PMID: 27398628 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2016.1211522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The presence of an aberrantly activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in many epithelial tumors, due to its overexpression, activating mutations, gene amplification and/or overexpression of receptor ligands, represent the fundamental basis underlying the use of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Drugs inhibiting the EGFR have different mechanisms of action; while erlotinib and gefitinib inhibit the intracellular tyrosine kinase, monoclonal antibodies like cetuximab and panitumumab bind the extracellular domain of the EGFR both activating immunomediated anti-cancer effect and inhibiting receptor function. On the other hand, interleukin-8 has tumor promoting as well as neo-angiogenesis enhancing effects and several attempts have been made to inhibit its activity. One of these is based on the use of the old sulfone antibiotic dapsone that has demonstrated several interleukin-8 system inhibiting actions. Erlotinib typically gives a rash that has recently been proven to come out via up-regulated keratinocyte interleukin-8 synthesis with histological features reminiscent of typical neutrophilic dermatoses. In this review, we report experimental evidence that shows the use of dapsone to improve quality of life in erlotinib-treated patients by ameliorating rash as well as short-circuiting a growth-enhancing aspect of erlotinib based on increased interleukin-8 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria Boccellino
- a Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology , Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Lucio Quagliuolo
- a Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology , Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Concetta Alaia
- a Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology , Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Anna Grimaldi
- a Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology , Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Raffaele Addeo
- b Oncology DH ASL Napoli 3 Nord, Frattamaggiore Hospital , Frattamaggiore , Naples , Italy
| | | | | | - Michele Caraglia
- a Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology , Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
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13
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Lee YI, Kang H, Ha YW, Chang KY, Cho SC, Song SO, Kim H, Jo A, Khang R, Choi JY, Lee Y, Park SC, Shin JH. Diaminodiphenyl sulfone-induced parkin ameliorates age-dependent dopaminergic neuronal loss. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 41:1-10. [PMID: 27103513 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
During normal aging, the number of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra progressively diminishes, although massive DA neuronal loss is a hallmark sign of Parkinson's disease. Unfortunately, there is little known about the molecular events involved in age-related DA neuronal loss. In this study, we found that (1) the level of parkin was decreased in the cerebellum, brain stem, substantia nigra, and striatum of aged mice, (2) diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) restored the level of parkin, (3) DDS prevented age-dependent DA neuronal loss, and (4) DDS protected SH-SY5Y cells from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, pretreatment and/or post-treatment of DDS in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson's disease model attenuated DA neuronal loss and restored motor behavior. DDS transcriptionally activated parkin via protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase-activating transcription factor 4 signaling and DDS not only failed to induce parkin expression but also failed to rescue SH-SY5Y cells from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium in the absence of ATF4. Herein, we demonstrated for the first time that DDS increased parkin level and served as a neuroprotective agent for age-dependent DA neuronal loss. Thus, DDS may be a potential therapeutic agent for age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Il Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Suwon, South Korea; Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Geongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hojin Kang
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Young Wan Ha
- Well Aging Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ki-Young Chang
- Well Aging Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sung-Chun Cho
- Well Aging Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sang Ok Song
- Well Aging Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyein Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Areum Jo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Rin Khang
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Yun Choi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yunjong Lee
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sang Chul Park
- Well Aging Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Suwon, South Korea; Department of New Biology, Daegu Geongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Joo-Ho Shin
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
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14
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Kast RE. Erlotinib augmentation with dapsone for rash mitigation and increased anti-cancer effectiveness. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:638. [PMID: 26543772 PMCID: PMC4628020 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib has failed in many ways to be as potent in the anti-cancer role as pre-clinical studies would have suggested. This paper traces some aspects of this failure to a compensatory erlotinib-mediated increase in interleukin-8. Many other-but not all- cancer chemotherapeutic cytotoxic drugs also provoke a compensatory increase in a malignant clone's interleukin-8 synthesis. Untreated glioblastoma and other cancer cells themselves natively synthesize interleukin-8. Interleukin-8 has tumor growth promoting, mobility and metastasis formation enhancing, effects as well as pro-angiogenesis effects. FINDINGS The old sulfone antibiotic dapsone- one of the very first antibiotics in clinical use- has demonstrated several interleukin-8 system inhibiting actions. Review of these indicates dapsone has potential to augment erlotinib effectiveness. Erlotinib typically gives a rash that has recently been proven to come about via an erlotinib triggered up-regulated keratinocyte interleukin-8 synthesis. The erlotinib rash shares histological features reminiscent of typical neutrophilic dermatoses. Dapsone has an established therapeutic role in current treatment of other neutrophilic dermatoses. CONCLUSION Thus, dapsone has potential to both improve the quality of life in erlotinib treated patients by amelioration of rash as well as to short-circuit a growth-enhancing aspect of erlotinib when used in the anti-cancer role.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Kast
- IIAIGC Study Center, 22 Church Street, Burlington, VT 05401 USA
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15
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Natural antioxidant betanin protects rats from paraquat-induced acute lung injury interstitial pneumonia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:608174. [PMID: 25861636 PMCID: PMC4377444 DOI: 10.1155/2015/608174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of betanin on a rat paraquat-induced acute lung injury (ALI) model was investigated. Paraquat was injected intraperitoneally at a single dose of 20 mg/kg body weight, and betanin (25 and 100 mg/kg/d) was orally administered 3 days before and 2 days after paraquat administration. Rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last betanin dosage, and lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected. In rats treated only with paraquat, extensive lung injury characteristic of ALI was observed, including histological changes, elevation of lung : body weight ratio, increased lung permeability, increased lung neutrophilia infiltration, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reduced claudin-4 and zonula occluden-1 protein levels, increased BALF interleukin (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels, reduced BALF IL-10 levels, and increased lung nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB) activity. In rats treated with betanin, paraquat-induced ALI was attenuated in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, our results indicate that betanin attenuates paraquat-induced ALI possibly via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Thus, the potential for using betanin as an auxilliary therapy for ALI should be explored further.
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16
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Shang AD, Lu YQ. A case report of severe paraquat poisoning in an HIV-positive patient: an unexpected outcome and inspiration. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e587. [PMID: 25715264 PMCID: PMC4554141 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We described and analyzed the treatment process of an HIV-positive patient with severe paraquat (PQ) poisoning. A 34-year-old man ingested about 50 mL of a 20% solution of PQ in a suicide attempt. He was treated with gastric lavage, oral administration of adsorbent, and symptomatic treatments at the local hospital, and was transferred to our emergency department. Ten hours after the exposure, the concentration of plasma PQ was 2.17 mg/L and was substantially above the survival limits of the severity index for PQ poisoning (SIPP) curve (0.30 mg/L). The equation produced by Jones et al (Jones AL, Elton R, Flanagan R. Multiple logistic regression analysis of plasma paraquat concentrations as a predictor of outcome in 375 cases of paraquat poisoning. QJM. 1999:92;573-578) predicted a 20.5% probability of survival at admission. Unfortunately, the patient was diagnosed as HIV infected, and CD4 lymphocyte count also confirmed that the patient was in a state of mild suppression of immunological function. Immediately, the patient received normative immunosuppressive therapy and hemoperfusion (HP). On the 15th day after poisoning, the patient recovered well and was discharged. All along, the evolution of the patient's status was in accordance with the characteristics of PQ poisoning, but the extent and duration of damage was mismatching and drastically alleviative by the previous biological indices. The particular case of treatment may be indirectly supporting the effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy in treating patients with PQ poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Dong Shang
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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17
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Zhang T, Tian X, Wang Q, Tong Y, Wang H, Li Z, Li L, Zhou T, Zhan R, Zhao L, Sun Y, Fan D, Lu L, Zhang J, Jin Y, Xiao W, Guo X, Chui D. Surgical stress induced depressive and anxiety like behavior are improved by dapsone via modulating NADPH oxidase level. Neurosci Lett 2015; 585:103-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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18
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Zhou T, Zhao L, Zhan R, He Q, Tong Y, Tian X, Wang H, Zhang T, Fu Y, Sun Y, Xu F, Guo X, Fan D, Han H, Chui D. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in mice induced by lipopolysaccharide is attenuated by dapsone. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:419-24. [PMID: 25268765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is a key event in the development of many central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as septic encephalopathy and stroke. 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS, Dapsone) has displayed neuroprotective effect, but whether DDS has protective role on BBB integrity is not clear. This study was designed to examine the effect of DDS on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BBB disruption and oxidative stress in brain vessels. Using in vivo multiphoton imaging, we found that DDS administration significantly restored BBB integrity compromised by LPS. DDS also increased the expression of tight junction proteins occludin, zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-5 in brain vessels. Level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was reduced by DDS treatment, which may due to decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity and NOX2 expression. Our results showed that LPS-induced BBB dysfunction could be attenuated by DDS, indicated that DDS has a therapeutic potential for treating CNS infection and other BBB related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhan
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qihua He
- Center of Medical and Health Analysis, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yawei Tong
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosheng Tian
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hecheng Wang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyun Fu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Hongbin Han
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dehua Chui
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
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19
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Toygar M, Aydin I, Agilli M, Aydin FN, Oztosun M, Gul H, Macit E, Karslioglu Y, Topal T, Uysal B, Honca M. The relation between oxidative stress, inflammation, and neopterin in the paraquat-induced lung toxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:198-204. [PMID: 24818613 DOI: 10.1177/0960327114533808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a well-known quaternary nitrogen herbicide. The major target organ in PQ poisoning is the lung. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation play a crucial role in the development of PQ-induced pulmonary injury. Neopterin is synthesized in macrophage by interferon γ and other cytokines. We aimed to evaluate the utility of neopterin as a diagnostic marker in PQ-induced lung toxicity. Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups (sham and PQ), administered intraperitoneally 1 mL saline and PQ (15 mg/kg/mL) respectively. Blood samples and lungs were collected for analyses. Lung injury and fibrosis were seen in the PQ group. Serum total antioxidant capacity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lung transforming growth factor-1β (TGF-1β) levels were significantly higher than the sham group (in all, p < 0.001). In addition, in the PQ group, serum neopterin and lung malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also significantly higher than the sham group (in all, p = 0.001). Serum neopterin levels were correlated with LDH activities, lung MDA, lung TGF-1β levels, and the degree of lung injury. These findings demonstrated that oxidative stress, reduction of antioxidant capacity, and inflammation play a crucial role in the PQ-induced lung injury. Elevated serum neopterin levels may be a prognostic parameter to determine extends of PQ-induced lung toxicity. Further studies may be performed to clarify the role of neopterin by different doses of PQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Toygar
- Department of ForensicMedicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy and Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - I Aydin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Agilli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - F N Aydin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Oztosun
- Turkish Armed Forces, Health Services Command, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Gul
- Department of Toxicology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E Macit
- Department of Toxicology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Y Karslioglu
- Department of Pathology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - T Topal
- Department of Physiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - B Uysal
- Department of Physiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Honca
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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Abstract
The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major public health problem and a leading source of morbidity in intensive care units. Lung tissue in patients with ARDS is characterized by inflammation, with exuberant neutrophil infiltration, activation, and degranulation that is thought to initiate tissue injury through the release of proteases and oxygen radicals. Treatment of ARDS is supportive primarily because the underlying pathophysiology is poorly understood. This gap in knowledge must be addressed to identify urgently needed therapies. Recent research efforts in anti-inflammatory drug development have focused on identifying common control points in multiple signaling pathways. The protein kinase C (PKC) serine-threonine kinases are master regulators of proinflammatory signaling hubs, making them attractive therapeutic targets. Pharmacological inhibition of broad-spectrum PKC activity and, more importantly, of specific PKC isoforms (as well as deletion of PKCs in mice) exerts protective effects in various experimental models of lung injury. Furthermore, PKC isoforms have been implicated in inflammatory processes that may be involved in the pathophysiologic changes that result in ARDS, including activation of innate immune and endothelial cells, neutrophil trafficking to the lung, regulation of alveolar epithelial barrier functions, and control of neutrophil proinflammatory and prosurvival signaling. This review focuses on the mechanistic involvement of PKC isoforms in the pathogenesis of ARDS and highlights the potential of developing new therapeutic paradigms based on the selective inhibition (or activation) of specific PKC isoforms.
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21
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Wozel G, Blasum C. Dapsone in dermatology and beyond. Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 306:103-24. [PMID: 24310318 PMCID: PMC3927068 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dapsone (4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone) is an aniline derivative belonging to the group of synthetic sulfones. In 1937 against the background of sulfonamide era the microbial activity of dapsone has been discovered. Shortly thereafter, the use of dapsone to treat non-pathogen-caused diseases revealed alternate antiinflammatory mechanisms that initially were elucidated by inflammatory animal models. Thus, dapsone clearly has dual functions of both: antimicrobial/antiprotozoal effects and anti-inflammatory features similarly to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The latter capabilities primarily were used in treating chronic inflammatory disorders. Dapsone has been investigated predominantly by in vitro methods aiming to get more insights into the effect of dapsone to inflammatory effector cells, cytokines, and/or mediators, such as cellular toxic oxygen metabolism, myoloperoxidase-/halogenid system, adhesion molecules, chemotaxis, membrane-associated phospholipids, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor α, lymphocyte functions, and tumor growth. Moreover, attention has been paid to mechanisms by which dapsone mediates effects in more complex settings like impact of lifespan, stroke, glioblastoma, or as anticonvulsive agent. Additionally, there are some dermatological investigations in human being using dapsone and its metabolites (e.g., leukotriene B4-induced chemotaxis, ultraviolet-induced erythema). It could be established that dapsone metabolites by their own have anti-inflammatory properties. Pharmacology and mechanisms of action are determining factors for clinical use of dapsone chiefly in neutrophilic and/or eosinophilic dermatoses and in chronic disorders outside the field of dermatology. The steroid-sparing effect of dapsone is useful for numerous clinical entities. Future avenues of investigations will provide more information on this fascinating and essential agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gottfried Wozel
- Study Centre for Clinical Trials, Dermatology, Gesellschaft für Wissens- und Technologietransfer der Technischen Universität Dresden mbH, Blasewitzer Str. 43, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Blasum
- Private Practice of Dermatology, Marktplatz 25, 73728 Esslingen, Germany
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22
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Anti-inflammatory effect of thalidomide in paraquat-induced pulmonary injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:210-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Antioxidant, anticonvulsive and neuroprotective effects of dapsone and phenobarbital against kainic acid-induced damage in rats. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:1819-27. [PMID: 23729301 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity due to glutamate receptors (GluRs) overactivation is a leading mechanism of oxidative damage and neuronal death in various diseases. We have shown that dapsone (DDS) was able to reduce both neurotoxicity and seizures associated to the administration of kainic acid (KA), an agonist acting on AMPA/KA receptors (GluK1-GluK5). Recently, it has been shown that phenobarbital (PB) is also able to reduce epileptic activity evoked by that receptor. In the present study, we tested the antioxidative, anticonvulsive and neuroprotective effects of DDS and PB administered alone or in combination upon KA toxicity to rats. Results showed that KA increased lipid peroxidation and diminished reduced glutathione (GSH), 24 h after KA administration and both drugs in combination or individually inhibited these events. Likewise, KA promotes mortality and this event was antagonized by effect of both treatments. Additionally, the behavioral evaluation showed that DDS and PB administered alone or in combination decreased the number of limbic seizures and reduced the percentage of animals showing tonic-clonic seizures versus the control group, which was administered only with KA. Finally, our study demonstrated that all of the treatments prevented the neuronal death of the pyramidal cell layer of hippocampal CA-3. In conclusion, the treatment with DDS and PB administrated alone or in combination exerted antioxidant, anticonvulsive and neuroprotective effects against the neurotoxicity induced by KA in rats, but their effects were not additive. Thus, it may be good options of treatment in diseases such as epilepsy and status epilepicus, administered separately.
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